EP3393203B1 - An electric heater and a method for its fabrication - Google Patents

An electric heater and a method for its fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3393203B1
EP3393203B1 EP18167549.7A EP18167549A EP3393203B1 EP 3393203 B1 EP3393203 B1 EP 3393203B1 EP 18167549 A EP18167549 A EP 18167549A EP 3393203 B1 EP3393203 B1 EP 3393203B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
electric heater
wire
resistive wire
impression
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18167549.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3393203A1 (en
Inventor
Mario Roberto RAVAGLIA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROTFIL Srl
Original Assignee
ROTFIL Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ROTFIL Srl filed Critical ROTFIL Srl
Priority to PL18167549T priority Critical patent/PL3393203T3/pl
Publication of EP3393203A1 publication Critical patent/EP3393203A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3393203B1 publication Critical patent/EP3393203B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/46—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heater and a method for its production.
  • cartridge electric heaters are used in water, oil or thermovector fluid electric heaters with similar functions.
  • High precision tubular electric heaters are used for hot runner injection nozzles.
  • an electrically isolating support formed of a cylinder of compressed magnesium oxide powder is often used, around which the resistive wire is wound in a spiral pattern.
  • the magnesium oxide powder is not always easy to process, and the resulting cylindrical supports often tend to be curved, especially if they are very long.
  • GB448360 discloses an electric heater comprising an inner tube in ductile metal on which a first insulating sleeve in micanite is located onto which an electrical conductor is spiral wound.
  • a second insulating sleeve in micanite surrounds the spiral conductor, and the whole is located inside an outer tube in harder metal than the material of which the inner tube is constituted. In this manner it is possible to assemble the electric heater by exerting an outwards radial pressure on the inner tube, so as to crush the internal parts against the outer tube.
  • the proposed task of this invention is, thus, to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art, providing an electric heater which is easy to make in the desired sizes and is flexibly adapted to use in a variety of applications.
  • an object of the invention is to make a robust, compact and highly efficient electric heater.
  • said impression extends in a spiral around the axis of said tube.
  • said resistive wire is wound in a spiral around the outer surface of said tube with sufficient tension to form said impression.
  • the invention has application in a variety of fields.
  • the electric heater may be used in a heating tube with open ends for the axial passage through it of a fluid to be heated, for example water, air, oil.
  • the heating tube may also comprise more than one electric heater with open ends, with the electric heaters located co-axially one inside the other and delimiting a gap for the axial passage of the fluid to be heated.
  • the electric heater may be used in a heat exchanger for fluids.
  • the present invention also discloses a method for manufacturing an electric heater characterized in that a mica sheet is rolled up for more than one turn to form a tube closed laterally and a resistive wire is spiral wound around the outer surface of said tube, applying to the resistive wire sufficient tension to form on the outer surface of said tube an impression of said wire in which the coils of the said resistive wire are firmly retained.
  • Mica is a mineral formed of aluminium silicates and alkaline metals (potassium, sodium and lithium), to which bivalent metals, such as magnesium and iron, are sometimes added; sometimes fluorine and hydrogen (acid) are also present.
  • sheets of muscovite, or potassium mica, and phlogopite, or magnesium mica have been selected.
  • Both varieties of flexible sheet are characterised in that they are easily processed, even in large sheets, and in that they have excellent resistance to high temperatures together with high dielectric strength. They can work at temperatures in excess of 900 °C.
  • the mica tube advantageously provided with a very thin sheet thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, has a dielectric strength in excess of 1700 Volts AC.
  • a cartridge heater is shown, in particular an electric immersion heater for electric radiators employing oil, water or thermovector fluid with similar functions, indicated as a whole with the reference number 1.
  • the cartridge electric heater 1 comprises a resistive wire 2 wound around a support 3.
  • the spiral wound resistive wire 2 is in high temperature alloy, for example in NiCr, FeCrAl or similar alloy.
  • the scope of the invention extends more generally to all electric heaters having a resistive wire wound around a support.
  • the scope of the invention extends to tubular electric heaters inside which a hot runner injection nozzle is mounted.
  • a salient aspect of the invention consists in the fact that the support 3 comprises at least one mica sheet 17 rolled up to form a tube 4 around the outer surface of which the resistive wire 2 is wound.
  • the resistive wire 2 is wound in a spiral around the axis of the tube 4.
  • the coils of the wire 2 are precisely housed in a spiral-shaped impression 5 which extends around the outer surface of the tube 4.
  • the wire 2 is spiral wound around the outer surface of the tube 4 with sufficient tension to deform the outer surface of the tube 4 to form the impression 5.
  • the resistive wire 2 is thus firmly retained in position in its impression 5 formed on the outer surface of the tube 4 and all relative movement of the coils of the wire 2 is impeded.
  • the mica sheet 17 used to fabricate the support 3 is of phlogopite or muscovite, but a synthetic mica may also be used.
  • the mica sheet 17 in phlogopite or muscovite has a thickness of 0.1 to 0,5 mm and ensures a dielectric strength of the secondary insulation thus obtained of no less than 1750 Volts AC.
  • a single mica sheet 17 is used, but, in another embodiment of the invention, it is possible to provide several distinct mica sheets rolled and arranged one inside the other to form co-axial tubes, around each of which a corresponding resistive wire is wound in a spiral.
  • each wire 2 must be wound in a spiral around the outer surface of the corresponding tube 4 with sufficient tension to deform the outer surface of the tube 4 to form the impression 5.
  • the tube 4 must be closed laterally to ensure complete electrical insulation of the resistive wire 2.
  • the mica sheet is rolled with more than one turn, for example at least one and a half turns, so as to overlap the two opposite edges of the mica sheet.
  • the tube 4 may have different shapes and dimensions in relation to the application.
  • the tube 4 may have a cylindrical shape or a tapered shape.
  • the resistive wire 2 may also be arranged on the support 3 in different ways in relation to the application to modulate its thermal power delivery.
  • the wire 2 may have coils of constant or variable pitch along the axis of the support 3.
  • the wire 2 has a first terminal portion of wire 2a comprising a first end 2a' of the wire 2 and a second terminal portion of wire 2b comprising a second end 2b' of the wire 2 connected to the power electrodes 6.
  • the first terminal portion of wire 2a and the second terminal portion of wire 2b are not constrained to the impression 5 so as to be freely conformed in relation to the position selected for the power electrodes 6.
  • the two electrodes 6 are to be positioned inside the tube 4, the first terminal portion of wire 2a and the second terminal portion of wire 2b are both folded inside the tube 4.
  • a system for retaining the terminal portions 2a, 2b of the wire 2 is provided, for example, notches 12, 13 at the ends of the tube 4 which retain the terminal portions 2a, 2b of the wire 2.
  • a preferred method for manufacturing the electric heater consists in rolling up a mica sheet to form the tube 4 and winding the resistive wire 2 in a spiral around the outer surface of the tube 4, applying to the wire 2 sufficient tension to form, on the outer surface of the tube 4, the impression 5 of the wire 2 in which the coils of the wire 2 are firmly retained.
  • an edge of the mica sheet is inserted and held in an axial slot 8 of a spindle 9, then the spindle 9 driven in rotation to roll up the mica sheet 17 and obtain the tube 4.
  • a profiling cam 10 may potentially adapt the mica sheet to the profile of the spindle 9.
  • the wire 2 is supplied from a reel 7 to a head 11 equipped with a tensioner 11a.
  • the head 11 supplying the resistive wire 2 translates in the direction of the axis of the spindle 9 while the spindle 9 is rotating.
  • the wire 2 is wound in a spiral from one end to the other of the tube 4.
  • One of the unwound terminal portions 2a, 2b of the wire 2, for example the terminal portion 2b, is left at a length greater than the length of the tube 4.
  • the terminal portion 2a of the wire 2 is retained by the notch 12 and is folded back into the tube 4 to exit from the opposite end of the tube 4 in the vicinity of which is the other terminal portion 2b of the wire 2 which is retained by notch 13.
  • the mica tube 4 is covered externally by an electric insulator 16.
  • the mica tube 4 is covered by a metal tube 15 which delimits with the mica tube 4 a gap filled with the electric insulator 16 formed, for example, of compressed magnesium oxide powder.
  • the magnesium oxide may be substituted by an equivalent material, for example a friable talc at a moderate or high degree of compression, or by sintered insulating materials such as steatite, alumina, cordierite or thermoelectric material.
  • an equivalent material for example a friable talc at a moderate or high degree of compression, or by sintered insulating materials such as steatite, alumina, cordierite or thermoelectric material.
  • the axial cavity of the tube 4 may itself be filled with electric insulation.
  • the metal tube 15 is made of steel, for example AISI 304, but may be in another material, and comprises a cylindrical side wall, a bottom plate and a cap which delimit a closed chamber containing the tube 4.
  • the field of application of the invention is very wide and not limited to cartridge electric heaters.
  • the tube 4 around which the resistive wire 2 is wound may represent the tubular structure inside the axial cavity of which a hot runner injection nozzle is inserted for moulding plastic.
  • the electric heater may be used in a heat exchanger for fluids.
  • the heat exchanger may be a heating tube with open ends for the axial passage through it of the fluid to be heated, for example water, air, oil.
  • the structure of the heating tube comprises an inner metal tube, an outer metal tube, a first mica tube around which the resistive wire is wound as described above, and at least a second mica tube wound around the first mica tube to provide electrical insulation for the resistive wire, the mica tubes being interposed between the inner metal tube and the outer metal tube.
  • At least a double electric insulation of the resistive wire may also be provided.
  • a structure of heating tube may be provided, formed by two or more heating tubes of the type above described, arranged co-axially one inside the other and delimiting one or more gaps for the axial passage of the fluid to be heated.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP18167549.7A 2017-04-18 2018-04-16 An electric heater and a method for its fabrication Active EP3393203B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18167549T PL3393203T3 (pl) 2017-04-18 2018-04-16 Grzałka elektryczna i metoda jej wytwarzania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000042395A IT201700042395A1 (it) 2017-04-18 2017-04-18 Riscaldatore elettrico e metodo per la sua realizzazione

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3393203A1 EP3393203A1 (en) 2018-10-24
EP3393203B1 true EP3393203B1 (en) 2020-10-21

Family

ID=59811777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18167549.7A Active EP3393203B1 (en) 2017-04-18 2018-04-16 An electric heater and a method for its fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3393203B1 (it)
IT (1) IT201700042395A1 (it)
PL (1) PL3393203T3 (it)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT201900020032A1 (it) * 2019-10-30 2021-04-30 Rotfil Srl Metodo di fabbricazione di un riscaldatore elettrico di un fluido

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR448360A (fr) * 1912-04-24 1913-01-29 Paul Augeyrolle Perfectionnements apportés aux attractions pour fetes foraines et parcs d'attractions
US3934333A (en) * 1973-07-25 1976-01-27 Churchill John W Method of constructing bilateral heater unit
US20040091252A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-05-13 Diepholz Dexter E. High efficiency inline fluid heater
FR3027184B1 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2019-08-16 Texas De France Coeur de chauffe electrique a double isolation pour appareil de chauffage, procede de realisation du coeur de chauffe, et appareil de chauffage incluant de tels coeurs de chauffe

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3393203T3 (pl) 2021-04-19
IT201700042395A1 (it) 2018-10-18
EP3393203A1 (en) 2018-10-24

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