EP3390923A2 - Procédé et dispositif d'humidification de l'air au moyen d'une membrane microporeuse - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'humidification de l'air au moyen d'une membrane microporeuse

Info

Publication number
EP3390923A2
EP3390923A2 EP16822372.5A EP16822372A EP3390923A2 EP 3390923 A2 EP3390923 A2 EP 3390923A2 EP 16822372 A EP16822372 A EP 16822372A EP 3390923 A2 EP3390923 A2 EP 3390923A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
membrane
water
air
frame
webs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16822372.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3390923B1 (fr
Inventor
Urs Forster
Frank Walter LICHTNER
Leo Rasmussen
Daniel Winter
Peter Kappenberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Condair Group AG
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Condair Group AG
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Condair Group AG, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Condair Group AG
Priority to EP18184196.6A priority Critical patent/EP3441687B1/fr
Priority to EP20167094.0A priority patent/EP3696468A1/fr
Publication of EP3390923A2 publication Critical patent/EP3390923A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3390923B1 publication Critical patent/EP3390923B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F6/02—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
    • F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
    • F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
    • F24F6/02—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air
    • F24F6/04—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification by evaporation of water in the air using stationary unheated wet elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
    • F24F2110/20—Humidity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an air humidification device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for humidification and the membrane of a humidification device and membrane elements for forming the membrane. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a membrane element.
  • Air humidification devices which use a water impermeable and water vapor permeable membrane are known.
  • DE 10 2008 038 557 Al explains the disadvantages of the known humidifier and proposes a humidifier with a separating membrane, in particular with a separating membrane of a hydrophobic material such as polypropylene (PP) or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It is proposed to regulate the humidifying performance by the temperature of the water acting on one side of the membrane. As the water temperature, the range of 10 to 60 ° C, in particular 15 to 35 ° C is proposed.
  • Other air humidifiers with a membrane are described in US Pat
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to make the humidification by means of a membrane humidifier with a separating membrane also practicable with water of relatively low temperature. Furthermore, operation with normal tap water should be possible without a rapid calcification of the membrane humidifier occurs. By solving these tasks, the fields of application of such humidifiers are to be expanded.
  • an air humidification device with a preferably hydrophobic membrane which is impermeable to water but permeable to water vapor, is operated according to the invention such that the water mass flow flowing past the membrane in kg / h is selected to be larger by a factor X than the water vapor mass flow leaving the membrane in the air channel kg / h, where the factor X is greater than 5, it can be seen that the cooling of the water at the membrane can be kept so low that even with flowing to the membrane water of relatively low temperature, a good humidification performance can be achieved.
  • the desired steam mass flow can be specified, whereupon the corresponding mass of water results.
  • the water vapor mass flow can also be measured in any known manner via the air mass and its moisture.
  • the invention may allow the use of water having a similar temperature to the fluid in floor heaters, allowing the humidifier to be powered by bottom heating without the need to additionally increase the temperature of the water.
  • a factor of greater than 10 is particularly suitable, in particular a factor greater than 20, in particular a factor of greater than 50 and in particular a factor of greater than 50 to 250.
  • the restriction of the size of the factor results essentially for practical reasons, since at a very high factor the mass flow of water in the humidifier becomes very large; As a rule, therefore, a factor greater than 500 will not make any technical sense.
  • the invention thus relates to the operation of an air humidifier based on a preferably hydrophobic ("water-repellent") membrane which is water-impermeable but permeable to water vapor.
  • Ranen are known in the art and commercially available.
  • the humidifier should be able to be installed in the supply air duct of a ventilation and air-conditioning system and have the option of moistening the supply air to such an extent that the resulting supply air is adjusted in the so-called comfort range.
  • humidification may be above or below the so-called comfort range for living spaces.
  • the humidifier operated according to the invention with membrane can already be operated with moderately warm water, and thus no electrical energy has to be expended for steam generation.
  • the energy required for the production of hot water for the inventive method can be provided for example from otherwise unused waste heat or solar heat generation.
  • the control of the humidity can be controlled both only by the water temperature of the water mass flowing past the membrane, and only by setting the factor X or the water circulation mass flow.
  • a coupled control takes place, so that the amount of water vapor per time or the moisture in the space to be humidified is effected both by influencing the water temperature and the amount of water per time or the factor X.
  • the control with these two influencing variables is preferably dependent on the value of the water temperature. At low water temperature (only slightly above the temperature of the supplied air), the influence of an increase in the circulating water flow is quite low, since the temperature drop in the water when flowing through the membrane elements is also quite low and thus also the change in the mean water temperature the membrane.
  • the control significantly over an influence (Increase or decrease) of the water temperature, while at a higher water inlet temperature of about greater than 40 ° C, the control takes place substantially on the influence of the factor X (increase or decrease of the same).
  • the control takes place by influencing both the water temperature and the factor X. This can be a simple linear dependence of the two influences as a function of the temperature.
  • the stated temperature limits are to be understood only as an example and these may in particular also depend on the particular type and dimensions of the membrane of the humidification device, but are easily determined by the skilled person by means of experiments.
  • the amount of water is measured with a flow sensor, in particular between a water pump of the humidifying device and the inlet into the container containing the membrane.
  • the temperature of the water is further measured, in particular at the same point at which the water flow is measured.
  • the membrane humidification meets the hygiene requirements due to the following two aspects: First, the membrane is preferably hydrophobic and thus it is assumed that the bacteria and microorganisms present in the water, such. Bacteria that do not come in direct contact with the micropores of the membrane and thus not in the
  • the (average) pore size of the membrane is 0.05 microns to 0.25 Micrometers, at most up to 0.5 micrometers and preferably about 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers usually below the size of the germs or microorganisms.
  • a hydrophobic polymer such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), but also polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polypropylene (PP) or polyurethane (PO) come into question.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PO polyurethane
  • Other non-hydrophobic membranes and hydrophobic surface coating membranes may also be used.
  • flat membranes flat screen membranes or flat sheet membranes
  • surface-mounted membrane materials as well as hollow-fiber membranes or capillary membranes are possible.
  • a version can be provided as a counter-current arrangement or as a cross-flow arrangement or as a DC arrangement.
  • a cross-countercurrent arrangement is also preferred.
  • the membrane of the humidifying device is formed from a plurality of membrane elements, each having a frame formed from frame webs with a front and a back and side walls.
  • the membrane material is in each case arranged flat on at least one side of this frame and is preferably arranged on both sides, on the front side and on the back side, in a planar manner.
  • the membrane material is attached to the respective frame surfaces of the front and back of the frame watertight, so that within the frame, a waterproof, bounded by the frame and the membrane surfaces space is formed, or possibly formed by a membrane surface and a non-membrane area limited space is, if only one side of the frame an area of membrane material is provided, from which space only the Water vapor can escape through the membrane.
  • the frame has on sidewalls at least one leading into the space opening as a water inlet and at least one leading into the space opening as a water outlet.
  • the frame has in its interior at least one web, preferably a plurality of webs which connect inner side walls of the frame, which webs have a first portion substantially the same thickness D as the frame webs and a second portion of its length has a smaller thickness Dl as the frame webs.
  • the sections of lesser thickness form water passages within the frame.
  • the membrane surfaces are watertightly attached to the first portions of the ridges or, if desired, a non-membrane surface is watertightly connected to the ridges when a membrane surface is disposed on only one side of the frame and the other side of the frame is closed by a non-membrane surface around the watertight space to build.
  • This preferred embodiment of the membrane elements results in a very good possibility of mounting and stability of the respective membrane surface on the frame by this is also attached to the webs.
  • the watertight fastening can take place, for example, by plastic welding of the membrane and the webs formed from a plastic or can be effected by lamination or gluing.
  • the respective end of the first section is rounded in at least one of the webs, in particular in all the webs. Furthermore, the respective end of the first section may be bent away from the first opening, and thus away from the water inlet, at at least one of the webs or at all the webs. Both measures, individually or preferably in combination, are advantageous for the water flow in the frame and avoid or reduce dead zones.
  • formations may be provided at second portions of lesser thickness D1 within the water passages formed thereby, which provide additional surfaces for attachment of the membrane material above the water passages to stabilize the membrane surface.
  • formations can be provided on both sides of a respective second section if a membrane surface is attached to the frame on the front side and on the rear side.
  • channels are provided in the region of their connection to the side walls, the cross-section of which through which is flowed through being smaller by a multiple the provided by the respective water passages cross section for the water.
  • This channels are created for a possible drainage of the membrane elements with switched off humidification or their water system to prevent standing residual water for hygiene reasons can.
  • the channels are designed with such small diameters that do not interfere with the water flow during operation.
  • the membrane elements are preferably provided with positioning means arranged on the frame in order to connect a plurality of membrane elements to form a large membrane as the sum of the respective membrane surfaces of the elements.
  • the air passages for the air to be humidified are formed between the membrane elements, which air flows past the individual membrane surfaces.
  • At least two water-carrying, vertically extending membrane channels are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the air. In cross section across the channel width, this arrangement is repeated in each case separately through an air gap.
  • the warm water from the water guide arrangement flows from bottom to top, i. against gravity, into an upper distribution tank ⁇ header tank) and flows from there further in the front membrane channel from top to bottom in the drain or preferably back into a recirculation circulation.
  • a flat membrane Since a flat membrane has only a low intrinsic stability, it is preferably reinforced. On the one hand, this can take place by fastening, for example by fastening, in particular by means of welding or lamination, the membrane with a part of its water-side surface on an inner support structure.
  • an inner support structure is provided in the water flow region of the membrane and is designed so as to inhibit the flow of water as little as possible.
  • a preferred example of such membrane elements designed to form the membrane has been previously explained.
  • the entire membrane surface is formed from a plurality of tubular capillary membranes vertically in the channel cross-section.
  • the membrane surfaces consist of several columns of aligned in the air flow direction tube. For example, with an external diameter of 2 mm per tube, several dozen of these tubes are arranged one after the other in a row and parallel to the flow direction of the air in the channel. In- Within a row, the tubes are only arranged with little or no spacing, for reasons of mechanical stability, the packing density (membrane area per volume) and also with advantages in the pressure loss in the air duct.
  • the water temperature of the water flowing into the container in the range of 20 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius is set, in particular the water temperature is set in the range of 25 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius. It is further preferred that the water content of the water supply arrangement is supplemented continuously or discontinuously in order to replace the amount of water evaporating through the membrane.
  • the water guide assembly comprises a water cycle and further, that the water cycle includes a water tank.
  • the water supply arrangement comprises at least one heating device for the water and it is preferred that the heating device comprises a water / water heat exchanger and / or that the heating device comprises an electric water heater.
  • the heating device, in particular the electric water heater is further preferably arranged in the water tank.
  • the concentration of substances dissolved in the water is measured by means of a sensor, for example by means of a sensor with which the electrical conductivity of the water is measured.
  • a discharge of water from the water cycle and a supplement with fresh water can take place.
  • the removal of water is carried out, for example, from the bottom of the aforementioned water tank, which is particularly good deposits of substances can be removed. This process is known in the trade as "slurrying".
  • the membrane is a hydrophobic, microporous membrane having a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 microns, or in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 microns, and more preferably in the range of 0.1 microns to 0.2 microns.
  • the method may preferably be improved if the air humidifying device has means for blowing air into the water stream before or when the water enters the container and that air is supplied continuously or discontinuously to the water side during operation. Furthermore, it is preferred that the air humidification device has means for generating a turbulent flow on the air side. And further, that the container is arranged with the membrane such that the water flows from bottom to top against the force of gravity on the membrane.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide an air humidifying, the the moistening by means of a membrane with water of relatively low temperature makes practical. This is intended to expand the fields of application of such humidifiers.
  • the invention thus relates to an air humidifying device based on a membrane which is impermeable to water but permeable to water vapor, which is preferably hydrophobic (water-repellent).
  • the invention relates to a so-called membrane humidifier.
  • Membrane materials for such humidifiers are known to those skilled in the art and are commercially available.
  • the humidifier should be installable in the supply air duct of a ventilation system of a building, preferably in front of a distributor to individual apartments of a building, and have the ability to moisten the supply air so far that the resulting supply air is adjusted in the so-called comfort.
  • the inventive humidification device with membrane can already be operated with moderately warm water, and thus no electrical energy has to be expended for steam generation.
  • the energy required for the production of hot water can be provided for example from otherwise unused waste heat or solar heat generation. It also results in a good heat and mass transfer and a good avoidance of deposits by the shear forces generated by the high flow velocity of the water.
  • the membrane humidification meets the hygiene requirements due to the following two aspects:
  • the membrane is preferably hydrophobic and thus it is assumed that the bacteria and microorganisms present in the water, such. Bacteria, do not come into direct contact with the micro- pores of the membrane and thus do not pass into the air flow.
  • the (average) pore size of the membrane is also from 0.05 micrometers to 0.5 micrometers, in particular from 0.05 micrometers to 0.25 micrometers, most preferably and preferably from 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers, usually below the size of the microorganisms ,
  • a polymer is preferable, especially a hydrophobic polymer.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PU polyurethane
  • the humidification device comprises a plurality of membrane elements which together form the membrane.
  • the preferred membrane element has a frame formed from frame webs with a front side and a back side and side walls, on which frame the membrane material is arranged flat on at least one side, and on which frame the Membrane material is preferably arranged on both sides, front side and back, flat.
  • the membrane material is waterproofed to the respective frame surfaces of the front and back of the frame.
  • a waterproof, formed by the frame and the membrane surfaces space is formed from which only the water vapor can escape through the membrane. Or a space defined by a membrane surface and a non-membrane surface is formed.
  • the frame has at least one opening on the side walls as a water inlet and at least one opening as a water outlet.
  • the frame has at least one web in its interior, but preferably the frame has a plurality of webs in its interior which connect inner side walls of the frame.
  • the respective webs have substantially the same thickness D over a first section as the webs Frame webs, and the respective webs have a thickness Dl over a second portion of its length, which is less than the thickness of the frame webs.
  • the sections of lesser thickness form water passages within the frame. If there is only one web, then the membrane surface or the membrane surfaces are attached to the first sections of the web in a watertight manner. If there are several webs, then the membrane surface or the membrane surfaces are fastened to the first sections of the webs in a watertight manner.
  • a meandering water flow within the frame can be effected in a simple manner, so that a cross-countercurrent arrangement is achieved.
  • the webs can be connected to one another or to a side wall by means of support webs extending essentially transversely to the webs, in order to stabilize the webs and thus also to reduce the load on the membrane surfaces fastened to the webs.
  • the support webs have the smaller thickness or preferably an even smaller thickness in order not to disturb the water flow.
  • the end of the first portion is rounded, which is also advantageous for the flow of water in the meandering arrangement of the webs.
  • the end of the first portion may be bent away from the first opening to also enhance the flow around the first portions and reduce low-flow zones.
  • a formation for influencing the flow is also provided on the inner side wall adjacent to the opening forming the water inlet.
  • formations are provided which provide an area for attachment of the membrane material also within the water passages.
  • a molding can be provided on both sides of a respective second section, if the membrane element is provided on both sides with membrane surfaces.
  • the webs can be provided in the region of their connection with the side walls channels whose flow cross section is many times smaller than the provided by the respective water passages cross section for the water, which channels are only in the deactivated state of the humidification device of importance and the removal of Facilitate residual water.
  • positioning means arranged on the frame are preferably provided in order to facilitate the connection of a plurality of membrane elements to a membrane, in which the air passages are formed between the membrane elements.
  • the membrane element is also preferred
  • Membrane material is a material with a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 micrometres. preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 micrometers, in particular a material having a nominal pore diameter of 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers.
  • the membrane material is a polymer, preferably a hydrophobic polymer, and for example, the membrane material is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polypropylene (PP) or polyurethane (PU) or it is another known membrane material.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PU polyurethane
  • the membrane surfaces are reinforced by an outer support structure of a different material to the membrane material, or that the membrane surfaces are reinforced by a support structure made of the same material as the membrane.
  • a flat membrane Since a flat membrane has only a low intrinsic stability, it is preferably reinforced, which is achieved on the one hand by laminating the membrane with a part of its water-side surface on a thin, inner support structure in the water flow region of the membrane, which support structure is arranged so that they the water flow hinders as little as possible. Also, a separate outer support structure on which the membrane can rest or to which the membrane is attached, can be provided. Advantages of the flat membrane are a simpler cleaning and a lower pressure loss in the air duct.
  • the entire membrane surface is formed from a plurality of tubular capillary membranes vertically in the channel cross-section.
  • the membrane surfaces consist of several columns of aligned in the air flow direction tube. For example, with an external diameter of 2 mm per tube, several dozen of these tubes are arranged one after the other in a row and parallel to the flow direction of the air in the channel. In- Within a row, the tubes are arranged with little or no spacing, for reasons of mechanical stability, the packing density ⁇ membrane area per volume) and also with advantages in the pressure loss in the air channel.
  • capillary membranes over flat membranes are, in addition to the above-mentioned points of higher packing density and greater mechanical stability, also the fact that the sealing of the water channel to the air side can be structurally simpler and this can be achieved by potting
  • a disadvantage is the use of the capillary membrane in terms of cleaning (air and water side).
  • the water temperature of the water flowing into the container in the range of 20 degrees Celsius to 60 degrees Celsius adjustable, in particular in the range of 25 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius.
  • the water content of the water supply arrangement can be supplemented continuously or discontinuously in order to replace the amount of water evaporating through the membrane.
  • the water guide assembly comprises a water cycle and further that the water cycle includes a water tank.
  • the water guide assembly comprises at least one heater for the water, and it is preferable that the heater comprises a fluid-fluid heat exchanger, for example, a water-water heat exchanger and / or that the heater comprises an electric water heater.
  • the heating device, in particular the electric water heater is further preferably arranged in the water tank.
  • the air humidification device preferably has at least one water temperature sensor that is signal-wise connected to the control arrangement, in particular a water temperature sensor that is arranged in the water flow between the water pump and the water inlet of the container. It is further preferred that the air humidification device has a water flow meter for measuring the water flow, which is arranged in particular in the water flow between the water pump and the water inlet of the container, and in particular it is preferred that the water temperature sensor and the water flow meter combined with each other.
  • the membrane is a, in particular hydrophobic, microporous membrane having a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 microns, and more particularly having a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 microns, and more preferably having a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 microns ,
  • the air humidifying device may comprise means for blowing air into the water flow before or at the inlet of the water into the container, and be configured such that air can be fed continuously or discontinuously on the water side. Furthermore, it is preferred that the air humidification device has means for generating a turbulent flow on the air side. And further, that the container with the membrane ran is arranged such that the water flows from bottom to top against the force of gravity on the membrane.
  • the invention is further based on the object to provide membrane elements for providing a membrane for a humidification device.
  • This object is achieved by a membrane element according to claim 46 and is achieved by the membrane formed from such elements.
  • the introduction of the membrane directly into the webs provides a very good tightness of the membrane elements and a cost-effective production.
  • the flat membrane is reinforced, which is achieved on the one hand by laminating the membrane with a part of its water-side surface to a thin inner support structure of the flat membrane.
  • a separate outer support structure may preferably also be provided.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of embodiments of an air humidification device according to the invention, for explaining the structure and operation thereof;
  • FIG. 2 shows a membrane element with two membrane surfaces in plan view, wherein the front membrane surface is not shown, so that the interior of the membrane element is visible;
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically a part of the membrane element of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows another arrangement of membrane elements in a membrane of an air humidifier extended with flat membrane surfaces with a horizontal section through the container of the air humidification device;
  • FIG. 5 a schematic representation of the membrane with capillary membrane surfaces on the basis of a horizontal section through the container of the air humidification device
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a membrane element with a frame and a membrane surface
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a section through one of the webs of FIG. 6 with the embedding of the membrane surface in the plastic of the web.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically and by way of example an air humidifying device 10, wherein the parts belonging to the device are shown within the area bounded by the broken line.
  • the humidifying device 10 is arranged, for example, in a technology room 11 and serves to humidify the air supplied to a room, for example the living space 22, which is only indicated.
  • HVAC field of air conditioning
  • Air that is discharged from the living space 22 is supplied in this example by a fan 24 via a line 23 an air-to-air heat exchanger 25 in the Tech- space 11 and passes from there via the line 27 in the environment outside the building in which the technical room and the living room are located. Air entering from the environment via the line 26 enters the air via the heat exchanger 25 and the fan 24 '. humidifying device 10 and from this via the line 28 in the living room 22.
  • the fan 24, 24 * and thus the flow rate of the air also has an influence on the humidification performance.
  • the absolute humidification performance in kg / h tends to increase somewhat with increased air velocity. In general, however, the fans are not part or not under the control of the humidification 10. The (rather low) influence of the fan is therefore not considered here.
  • the humidifying device 10 comprises a membrane 1 shown only diagrammatically by means of which water vapor of the amount M1 per hour (kg / h) is supplied to the air to be humidified.
  • the membrane 1 consists of several membrane elements or membrane surfaces, which together form the membrane with an effective total membrane area. Warm water is supplied to one side of the membrane and evaporating water, in the form of water vapor, can pass through the membrane to the other side where it is taken up by the air passing on the other side of the membrane as air flow. This is basically known and was explained at the beginning.
  • the membrane 1 is arranged in a container 2 which contains the membrane elements or the individual membrane surfaces which together form the membrane. These may in particular be flat elements or cylindrical elements, as also already explained.
  • the membrane elements forming the membrane 1 are arranged and designed so that on one side of the water flows past and on the other side of the air to be humidified.
  • the container has for this purpose an inlet 3 and an outlet 3 1 for the air flow and an inlet 4 for the warm water and a blower 4 'for the less warm water, which has a lower temperature than the inlet 4 in by the required evaporation energy the container entered water.
  • the inputs and outputs for the air and the Inlets and outlets for the water are only indicated in the figure, it is known in the art, such as such inputs and outputs or connections for air and water pipes are configured.
  • the humidification device has a
  • Water supply arrangement which should be the entirety of the lines, water tank, valve and pump means are called, which serve to guide the humidifying water into the container 2 and thus to the membrane 1 and to resume the emerging from the container 2 water.
  • the water supply arrangement preferably has a water circulation, so that water emerging from the container 2 can reenter the container. In between there is at least one step of warming the water so that it again contains enough energy to evaporate some of the water on the membrane.
  • a sensor 33 is provided which emits an output signal which gives a measure of the concentration of the substances dissolved in the water.
  • a conductivity sensor may be incorporated as a sensor 33 in the line, which outputs as a measured value the conductivity of the water, which represents a measure of the concentration of the dissolved substances in the water, which measured value to the control arrangement 35 is transmitted.
  • the control unit issues a control signal for slurrying high concentration of solute water to the purge valve 34.
  • the tank 6 is preferably present to provide a sufficient amount of water in a simple manner. Furthermore, the tank allows a simple way to set the amount of water in the system and to keep the system basically depressurized. Further, a tank, as mentioned, allows the removal of the water-accumulating minerals by water with comparatively high concentration of solute discharged and replaced by fresh water with a lower concentration of solutes. This process is often referred to in technical jargon as "blowdown.” If a sufficiently long line length is accepted, the tank can be dispensed with, and the amount of water for operating the device is then present in the line branches of the water guide arrangement.
  • At least one sensor is provided which determines the water temperature in the water supply arrangement.
  • a sensor 33 ' which determines the water temperature at a point between the pump 7 and the membrane.
  • the water temperature value determined by this sensor is preferably transmitted to the control arrangement.
  • the control arrangement may use this temperature value to effect the production of steam by means of an increase or decrease in the water temperature and / or by increasing or decreasing the factor X, which has been described at the outset as a preferred procedure.
  • a sensor is preferably provided, for example the sensor 33 ", which determines the mass flow of water in the circuit and which preferably transmits the flow value of the water to the control arrangement, which leads to a controlled adjustment of the factor X.
  • the sensor is a combined temperature and flow sensor.
  • the heating of the water is carried out with a heater that can heat the water in any known manner.
  • a heater that can heat the water in any known manner.
  • An example is an electric water heater 32, which is preferably arranged in the tank 6 but could also be present elsewhere in the water supply arrangement.
  • This heating device can be operated electrically or in another known manner.
  • the heating device may comprise a fluid-fluid heat exchanger and in particular a water-water heat exchanger 31, instead of or in addition to the water heater 32.
  • the heat exchanger 31 is preferably the water cycle in a floor heating of the building and particularly preferably the water cycle of the underfloor heating of the room 2 withdrawn heat to heat the water in the water supply assembly of the humidifier 10.
  • a means is preferably provided for supplying water to the water supply arrangement continuously or discontinuously from a water source external to the device 10.
  • a water source external to the device 10.
  • the valve 9 f is actuated by the control arrangement 35 of the air humidifier, which will be explained.
  • the valve 9 ' is an electrically controllable valve, which is connected via an electrical control line, not shown, with the control arrangement 35.
  • the water tank preferably has an element which determines the fill level of the tank and which is preferably connected to the controller.
  • this is a schematically illustrated float whose position serves as level control and this float It may be connected to the control arrangement, so that the control arrangement can derive an indication of the amount of water in the water supply arrangement via the Schwinauerstand.
  • the tank 6 is provided with a drain, in particular for so-called drainage.
  • a refining of the water in the tank or, in extreme cases, sludge formation on the bottom of the tank can take place, in particular, when tap water is used in the water cycle, and such substance concentrations can be removed via an obvious process, whereupon the process is closed again.
  • the process can also be activated via a controllable valve if maintenance or cleaning work necessitates emptying the tank and possibly the entire water supply arrangement.
  • the control arrangement can be implemented by means of a computer or an industrial control in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the controller receives, for example via a signal line 36 and a sensor 37 information that provides information about the amount of water vapor mass flow at the outlet of the container 2, and thus information about the amount of water vapor per time, which is supplied to the space 22. It can compare this with the information about the setpoint humidity in the room and thus set the requirement for the amount of water vapor per time. Also, the sole indication of the setpoint humidity can be sufficient, since it is generally known, given the size of the room, how much water vapor is required per unit of time.
  • the setpoint humidity can be set at the control arrangement or via a separate adjusting element connected thereto.
  • the actual moisture in the room is detected by at least one humidity sensor and transmitted to the control arrangement.
  • the control arrangement provides with this information for the supply of sufficient moisture in the room.
  • the air flow into the room can be Control arrangement or usually a separate control arrangement of the so-called. Ventilation device in particular via the control of the fan 24 and 24 'control. This will not be explained further here.
  • control arrangement the water mass flow through the container 2 per time so that the mass flow of water (which is also determined, for example, in kg / h) at least by a factor of 5 is greater than the water vapor mass flow.
  • control arrangement can use the information from the aforementioned flow meter and control the pump 7 accordingly.
  • the factor is greater than 10 and especially the factor is greater than 20 and especially the factor is greater than 50.
  • the factor is set in the range of 20 to 250.
  • the control assembly 35 is connected for this purpose by means of a control line 38 to the water supply assembly and can thus, as mentioned, in particular the pump 7 control, which promotes the amount of water per time, which is required to comply with the factor.
  • the control arrangement also controls the illustrated valves and receives information about the water level and the water temperature. It also controls the heating of the water. All these control signals and feedback signals from sensors (some of which are not shown) are summarized in FIG. 1 in the control line 38 for the sake of simplicity.
  • the container 2 can - differently than shown in the schematic figure 1, vertically or arranged so that the water from bottom to top or opposite Gravity flows through the tank, facilitating control over the flow of water.
  • a preferred membrane element 60 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. At least one such membrane element and generally several such membrane elements 60 together form the membrane 1 in the container 2.
  • the membrane element according to this preferred embodiment has a frame 65 which is rectangular in the example shown and the frame webs 61, 62, 63 and 64 - points.
  • the webs have a web width B (which need not be the same for all webs), a web thickness D and a length, wherein in the case of a rectangular frame 65 respectively opposite webs 61 and 63 or 62 and 64 have the same length.
  • two membrane surfaces M are provided, which face each other by the web thickness D spaced.
  • membrane surface M of the membrane material shown in the figure is shown, and the front membrane surface is not shown, so that the frame and the interior of the membrane element can be seen. Both membrane surfaces M together with the frame define the interior of the membrane element 60 in which the water flows.
  • only one side of the frame can be provided with a membrane surface, and on the other side of the frame, a lid not made of membrane material is provided.
  • the aforementioned materials are also preferable in this embodiment.
  • the attachment of the respective membrane surface M takes place in this example on the outer sides of the frame webs, which outer sides have the width B or different widths B. On these outer sides, the respective membrane surface is mounted resting on the respective outer side.
  • the material of the webs of the frame 65 is preferably a plastic material which allows the membrane surfaces M to be watertight and cohesive along the frame webs To attach by plastic welding to the frame or attach by laminating the membrane material on the frame bars on the frame.
  • an adhesive bond could also be provided, for example by means of a hot-melt adhesive.
  • first opening 70 as a water inlet and at least a second opening 71 as a water outlet.
  • the opening 70 communicates with the conduit 8 and the inlet 4 of Figure 1, respectively, and the opening 71 communicates with the outlet 4 'of Figure 1, for a membrane formed of a plurality of membrane elements for all the respective openings 70 and 71 the frame 65 applies, which are connected via distributors to the common line.
  • the frame preferably has at least one web 67.
  • the frame has a plurality of webs 67, eight webs 67 are provided in the example shown.
  • the web connects, or connect these webs, inner side walls of the frame, in the example shown, the inner side walls 62 '' and 64 '', since the webs 67 connect the frame webs 62 and 64 in this example.
  • the webs 67 each have over a first portion 68 substantially the same thickness D, as the frame webs 61 to 64, so that the membrane surface M of the respective membrane element rests on both the frame webs and on the webs 67 and also on the webs 67 on whose first sections 68 can be fastened.
  • the membrane is attached watertight, so that the water does not flow at these points or in the region of the sections 68 between the membrane and web.
  • the webs 67 each have a second section 69 of their length, in which the webs ne smaller thickness Dl than the frame webs have. At these portions 69, which are set back relative to the outer sides of the frame webs and opposite the portions 68 in the direction of the frame interior, the membrane material M is not attached.
  • the recessed portions form passages for the water through which the water can pass on its way from the water inlet 70 to the water outlet 71, in comparison with the portions 68 which block the flow.
  • a path for the water within the membrane element 60 can be predetermined by the arrangement of the webs 67, wherein the water flows past on the inside of the frame or in the interior 66 on the inner sides of the membrane surfaces M.
  • the webs 67 are arranged in the frame so that they are arranged with their thicker sections alternately starting from opposite side walls 62 '', 64 '' of the frame, for the water a meandering path or for the water and the air flow a cross Form counter-current arrangement, as indicated in Figure 2 with the arrows F for the water directions, while the arrow L indicates the direction of the air flowing through the container 1, the air flows past the outer membrane surfaces of the membrane elements or outside of the frame ,
  • a molding 56 is preferably provided on both sides of a respective second section 69. Even with it. Vortex and dead zones are prevented or reduced.
  • the webs 67 extend substantially transverse to the webs or possibly obliquely to the webs
  • Support webs 59 are connected to each other or with a side wall 61 * ', 63 * 1 , wherein the support webs 59 have the smaller thickness Dl or preferably an even smaller thickness in order to hinder the flow of water only slightly.
  • At least one of the webs 67, the end 58 of the first portion 68 is rounded, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 at all webs.
  • further molding may be provided on the inner side wall adjacent to the opening forming the water inlet, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • channels 55 may be provided in the webs 67 in the region of their connection to the side walls (not all of which are designated by 55 in the figure) whose cross-section through which flow is much smaller than the cross-section provided by the respective water passages the water. These channels facilitate the drainage of the Membraneeroeroente or the membrane when the hydraulic system of the humidifying device or when it is out of service and thus allows it to avoid unwanted residual water under the hygienic aspect.
  • positioning means 73 arranged on the frame are furthermore preferred, which also facilitates the formation of a membrane in which uniform air passages are formed between the membrane elements.
  • FIG. 4 shows roughly horizontally a horizontal section through a vertically arranged container 2, the container wall of which is indicated only by broken lines.
  • membrane elements 41 are arranged, in which the water flows. Together, the membrane elements 41 form the entire membrane 1.
  • membrane elements 41 are arranged at the bottom of the container, in which the water introduced into the container (via the inlet 4 of FIG. 1) flows upwards in the container and at the top in FIG Container illustrated membrane elements 41, in which the water flows back down to the outlet of the container (outlet 4 'in Figure 1).
  • the air is guided, which is indicated by the arrow L, which receives the emerging from the membrane elements 41 water vapor.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic horizontal section through a container 2, the container wall is indicated only by broken lines, in which container the membrane of a plurality of arranged in rows cylindrical membrane elements 40 are formed, which together form the membrane (only two rows are shown , the other rows are indicated only by dash-dotted lines).
  • the water flows and the air is according to Arrow L passed through the spaces 45 to humidify the air.
  • FIG 6 shows schematically a frame 42 in which a flat membrane part M is clamped from the aforementioned membrane material.
  • Such element 41 forms with a second such element or with a closed back wall a membrane element in which a space defined by the membrane element for the water is formed.
  • This space is usually also a - not shown here - support structure for the membrane surface on which the water-side membrane surface is attached to a part of its surface, in particular welded or laminated.
  • the support structure is designed so that it allows the flow of water or inhibits as little as possible.
  • the membrane can also be fastened on the outside of the frame webs, in particular by welding or lamination or gluing.
  • a membrane element for an air humidification device in particular for the above-described air humidification device, is formed such that the membrane material M of the membrane arrangement is a microporous material and is preferably a hydrophobic microporous material.
  • a material having a nominal pore diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 micrometers and in particular a material having a nominal pore diameter of 0.05 to 0.25 micrometers, and in particular having a pore diameter in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 micrometers.
  • the microporous material is formed from one, preferably hydrophobic, polymer, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polypropylene (PP) or polyurethane (Pü).
  • the membrane material M is arranged flat and fastened with its edge 44 in a clamping frame 42, for example in a square or rectangular clamping frame 42, wherein the frame webs seen over its cross section at least are partially formed of an injection-moldable plastic and the membrane material is attached to the webs by being surrounded with its edge regions of the plastic.
  • Figure 7 which shows a section through the frame and the membrane material along the line A - A of Figure 6, shows that the edge of the sheet 40 of the membrane material is embedded in the rim.
  • a membrane arrangement preferably takes place in such a way that the frame webs are injection-molded at least partially over their cross section from a plastic, the membrane being fastened in the webs by being cast with their edge regions 44 directly into the frame webs during the injection molding process.
  • a reinforcement 43 may be provided from a different material than the plastic web material.
  • a membrane may also be fastened on the bridge outside in place of the attachment around the bridge, in particular a welding or sticking to the bridge.
  • Membrane surface is reinforced by an outer support structure made of a material different from the membrane material, or that the membrane surface is reinforced by an outer support structure of the same material as the membrane surface.
  • the membrane surface can be laminated onto the support structure, or the membrane surface can rest loosely on such a support structure.
  • the support structure is not shown. It can also be bar-shaped and form, for example, a grid. Such a support structure may also serve to induce a turbulent flow of air over the membrane. This should be distinguished from the already mentioned inner support structure on the water flow side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Air Humidification (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif d'humidification (10) de l'air qui comporte une membrane (1) microporeuse hydrophobe en tant que séparation entre l'eau et l'air à humidifier, dans lequel le débit d'eau par unité de temps est réglé de manière telle qu'il est supérieur au débit de vapeur d'eau à raison d'un facteur X. Il est démontré qu'avec ledit dispositif, une humidification de l'air à l'aide d'eau à température peu élevée peut être réalisée sans incident.
EP16822372.5A 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Méthode et appareil Active EP3390923B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18184196.6A EP3441687B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Élément de membrane et membrance pour un appareil d'humidification
EP20167094.0A EP3696468A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Membrane pour un dispositif d'humidification de l'air et méthode de fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01872/15A CH711934A2 (de) 2015-12-18 2015-12-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Luftbefeuchtung mittels einer hydrophoben, mikroporösen Membran.
PCT/CH2016/000156 WO2017100955A2 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Procédé et dispositif d'humidification de l'air au moyen d'une membrane microporeuse

Related Child Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18184196.6A Division EP3441687B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Élément de membrane et membrance pour un appareil d'humidification
EP18184196.6A Division-Into EP3441687B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Élément de membrane et membrance pour un appareil d'humidification
EP20167094.0A Division-Into EP3696468A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Membrane pour un dispositif d'humidification de l'air et méthode de fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse
EP20167094.0A Division EP3696468A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Membrane pour un dispositif d'humidification de l'air et méthode de fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3390923A2 true EP3390923A2 (fr) 2018-10-24
EP3390923B1 EP3390923B1 (fr) 2021-03-24

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16822372.5A Active EP3390923B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Méthode et appareil
EP18184196.6A Active EP3441687B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Élément de membrane et membrance pour un appareil d'humidification
EP20167094.0A Withdrawn EP3696468A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Membrane pour un dispositif d'humidification de l'air et méthode de fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18184196.6A Active EP3441687B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Élément de membrane et membrance pour un appareil d'humidification
EP20167094.0A Withdrawn EP3696468A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Membrane pour un dispositif d'humidification de l'air et méthode de fabrication d'une membrane microporeuse

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EP (3) EP3390923B1 (fr)
CH (1) CH711934A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017100955A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE461443B (sv) 1987-03-17 1990-02-19 Aapo Saeaesk Anordning foer evaporering av vaetska
JP3675529B2 (ja) * 1994-09-08 2005-07-27 ジャパンゴアテックス株式会社 加湿ユニット
EP1261992B1 (fr) * 2000-03-08 2011-05-04 BDF IP Holdings Ltd. Humidificateur par echange membranaire
US7380774B2 (en) 2004-05-17 2008-06-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Humidifier
DE102008038557A1 (de) * 2008-08-20 2010-02-25 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Luftbefeuchtung
DE102012008197B4 (de) 2012-04-26 2018-06-14 Al-Ko Therm Gmbh Austauschsystem zum Austausch von Stoffen zwischen zwei Fluiden
US9845961B2 (en) * 2012-09-20 2017-12-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Humidifier and method of hydrophilization processing for humidifying material
DE102014006465A1 (de) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-12 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Befeuchtungseinrichtung, beispielsweise für eine Brennstoffzelle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017100955A3 (fr) 2017-08-10
EP3441687A3 (fr) 2019-04-03
CH711934A2 (de) 2017-06-30
EP3441687A2 (fr) 2019-02-13
EP3441687B1 (fr) 2020-05-13
EP3390923B1 (fr) 2021-03-24
EP3696468A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
WO2017100955A2 (fr) 2017-06-22

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