EP3389072A1 - Steuerverfahren eines stromunterbrechungsgeräts, elektromagnetisches stellglied, das einen schaltkreis zur umsetzung dieses verfahrens umfasst, und elektrisches unterbrechungsgerät, das ein solches stellglied umfasst - Google Patents

Steuerverfahren eines stromunterbrechungsgeräts, elektromagnetisches stellglied, das einen schaltkreis zur umsetzung dieses verfahrens umfasst, und elektrisches unterbrechungsgerät, das ein solches stellglied umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3389072A1
EP3389072A1 EP18166607.4A EP18166607A EP3389072A1 EP 3389072 A1 EP3389072 A1 EP 3389072A1 EP 18166607 A EP18166607 A EP 18166607A EP 3389072 A1 EP3389072 A1 EP 3389072A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
value
control circuit
supply current
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18166607.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3389072B1 (de
Inventor
Christophe LAPIERE
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3389072A1 publication Critical patent/EP3389072A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling an electric current breaking apparatus comprising an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the invention also relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a control circuit for implementing this method and an electrical switching device comprising such an electromagnetic actuator.
  • the invention is more generally applicable to the technical field of devices for breaking an electric current, such as contactors.
  • cut-off devices comprise a breaking block, in which a mobile part is movable relative to electrical connection terminals, between an open position and a closed position to prevent or, respectively, to allow the circulation of an electric current between the connection terminals.
  • These devices also include a controllable electromagnetic actuator, which is adapted to selectively move the movable portion between its open and closed positions.
  • the actuator comprises for this purpose a coil which is configured to generate a magnetic field when it is traversed by an electric supply current.
  • the moving part is equipped with a magnetic element, such as a permanent magnet, which interacts with the magnetic field so as to create an electromagnetic force that moves the moving part.
  • These devices also include a control circuit which controls the supply of the coil, for example according to an external control signal.
  • switching of the switching device from the open position to the closed position is performed in two phases: a call phase, in which a first current is sent into the coil to move the moving part, then a phase of maintaining, wherein a second current is fed into the coil to hold the moving part in the closed position.
  • the actuator is non-linear and the inductance of the coil has different values between these two phases, due in particular to the mechanical load that represents the mobile part, or inductance variations as a function of the temperature of the coil.
  • the inrush current has a high value, which exceeds the current value required during the hold phase. Sometimes the inrush current is several times higher than the current value required in the hold phase.
  • the actuator is devoid of means for measuring the position of the movable part, this for the sake of simplification.
  • the call phase then has a predefined duration, whatever the operating circumstances of the actuator.
  • a high current of inrush current continues to be supplied to the coil even when the moving part has completed its displacement, this inrush current being oversized compared to the current value that would be strictly necessary to maintain the part mobile, in order to maintain a margin of safety to ensure that the switchgear can switch to its closed position under any circumstances.
  • the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing a method of controlling an electric current cut-off device comprising a moving movable cut-off part by means of an electromagnetic actuator provided with a coil, wherein the power consumption of the coil is reduced during a closing phase.
  • the limitation of the supply electric current of the coil during closing reduces the amount of current consumed unnecessarily during the closing phase once the moving part has reached its closed position.
  • the use of an analog comparator makes it possible to implement the comparison between the power supply current of the coil and the reference value independently of the microcontroller and thus without consuming any computing resources of the microcontroller. The operation of the control circuit is thus simplified.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a coil and a control circuit adapted to electrically power the coil, the electric switchgear and the electromagnetic actuator being as previously described.
  • the figure 1 represents a control circuit 2 for a controllable electromagnetic actuator of a device for breaking an electric current, such as a contactor.
  • This cutoff device comprises a breaking block and an actuator block.
  • the breaking block comprises a fixed armature on which are fixed connection terminals, which are intended to be electrically connected to an electrical circuit, for example within a switchboard.
  • the breaking block also comprises a movable part, called a movable breaking part, which is movable relative to the connection terminals, between open and closed positions, to prevent or, respectively, allow the circulation of an electric current between the connection terminals.
  • the actuator block contains the controllable electromagnetic actuator.
  • the electromagnetic actuator is adapted to selectively move the moving part between its open and closed positions in response to a control signal, in particular by means of the control circuit 2.
  • the actuator here includes the control circuit 2.
  • the actuator comprises a coil 4, or solenoid, which is configured to generate a magnetic field when it is traversed by a modulated supply electric current delivered by the control circuit 2.
  • the coil 4 is formed by winding an electrically conductive wire around a support, which support extends here along a longitudinal axis.
  • the moving part is equipped with a magnetic element, such as a permanent magnet, which interacts with the magnetic field so as to move the moving part.
  • a magnetic element such as a permanent magnet
  • the mobile part is here displaceable in translation between its open and closed positions along a displacement axis coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the coil.
  • the mobile part is here by default in the open position, and is moved to the closed position only under the action of the coil 4.
  • An elastic return member is advantageously arranged to return the movable part to its open position when the coil 4 is no longer powered.
  • the control circuit 2 is configured to supply an electric supply current across the coil 4, in response to a control signal and following a pre-established control method.
  • the circuit 2 in response to an order to switch the device to the closed position, is configured to first implement a closing phase, also called calling phase, by providing sufficient energy to the coil 4 to move the moving part from the open position to the closed position, then a holding phase, providing the coil 4 with sufficient energy to keep the moving part in the closed position, in particular by opposing the force exerted by the elastic return member.
  • a closing phase also called calling phase
  • a holding phase providing the coil 4 with sufficient energy to keep the moving part in the closed position, in particular by opposing the force exerted by the elastic return member.
  • the actuator here is devoid of means for measuring the position of the moving part, for the sake of simplification.
  • the circuit 2 is connected to an external power supply 6, which supplies one or more electrical supply voltages to the circuit 2.
  • the power supply 6 delivers a voltage of 100 volts AC and a voltage of 250 volts AC. on two separate inputs of circuit 2.
  • the circuit 2 also comprises here a power stage and a logic stage.
  • the power stage comprises electrical protection equipment and transformation of the received supply voltage or, if necessary, of the supply voltages received.
  • the logic stage and the coil 4 are intended to be powered by the power stage.
  • these equipment can be chosen differently.
  • this power supply current is a modulated current developed by pulse width modulation during a closing phase.
  • This pulse width modulation technique known as PWM for "Pulse Width Modulation" in the English language, is well known and is not described in more detail in the following.
  • this modulated supply current is a chopped signal.
  • the circuit 2 also comprises a flyback type power converter 18 in the English language, whose function is to supply a stabilized power supply to the internal components of the circuit 2.
  • This transformer 18 is powered by the DC voltage delivered by the module 8, here in being connected to the output of the ballast 16.
  • the transformer 18 belongs to the power stage.
  • the logic stage of the circuit 2 also comprises a programmable microcontroller 20 which is particularly adapted to control the operation of the switch 24 to selectively control the supply of the coil 4.
  • the microcontroller 20 is powered by the converter 18 via a linear regulator 22, type called "low drowpout regulator" in English, which delivers a DC voltage of 3.3 volts.
  • the circuit 2 also contains a control module 26, also called “driver”, to actuate the movement of the switch 24 according to a control signal CMH sent by the microcontroller 20.
  • the module 26 is adapted to be electrically powered by the converter 18, here by a voltage of 15 volts and a voltage of 8 volts.
  • the microcontroller 20 is connected to the module 26 via an opto-coupler 28, so as to ensure a galvanic isolation between the power stage and the logic stage.
  • the dotted lines represent data links adapted to transmit data signals from and / or to the microcontroller 20.
  • the microcontroller 20 is also connected to an input voltage measurement probe, not shown, for example adapted to measure the electrical voltage within the circuit 2, for example between a midpoint located between the input resistors 10 and 12 on the one hand and GND electric ground on the other.
  • the microcontroller 20 is also adapted to measure a magnitude representative of the value of the supply electric current flowing in the coil 4.
  • the circuit 2 comprises a current measurement probe to which the microcontroller 20 is connected to one of his entries.
  • This measurement probe here comprises a measurement resistor 30 connected in series with the coil 4, which makes it possible to measure an electrical voltage representative of the supply current of the coil 4.
  • This electrical voltage is here denoted "Isense” and forms a signal representative of the intensity of the supply current flowing through the coil 4.
  • the circuit 2 also comprises a switch 32 controllable by the microcontroller 20.
  • This switch 32 is connected in series with a diode 36 and connects another output of the converter 18 to the coil 4.
  • a “protection” diode connected in parallel with the coil 4 is denoted by "34".
  • a “normally closed switch” connected here in series with the coil 4 and the measurement resistor 30 is denoted “40", this switch 40 being controllable by the microcontroller 20.
  • the circuit 2 also comprises a Zener diode 38 connected in parallel with this switch 40.
  • the switch 32 makes it possible to drive the coil 4 during the holding phase.
  • the switch 40 is intended to be activated during a subsequent opening phase. Associated with the diode 38, this switch 40 demagnetizes the coil 4.
  • the figure 2 schematically represents the operation of the microcontroller 20.
  • the microcontroller 20 comprises an analog-digital converter 50, a comparator 52, and a clock, not shown, adapted to generate a clock signal HCLK.
  • the circuit 2 also comprises a computer memory and a controller 54 for accessing this memory.
  • the memory is adapted to store at least one digital value, here coded on twelve bits.
  • the digital value stored in the memory is a power current limit value acquired by the microcontroller 20 and denoted Vref_value.
  • This memory is here connected to the microcontroller 20 by means of a data bus, not shown.
  • the controller 54 is connected to the data bus and is adapted to access the contents of the memory, in particular to read it, by sending a request of the direct access memory type, called "Direct Memory Access" in English language.
  • the controller 54 can access the contents of the memory independently of the microcontroller 20. The reading of the value stored in the memory does not require consuming computing resources of the microcontroller 20.
  • the converter 50 is adapted to transform a digital signal received on an input, not shown, into an analog signal, delivered on a DAC_OUT output. More specifically, the converter 50 has the function of converting the value Vref_value, represented by a digital signal, into a value Vref_in-, represented by an analog signal, such as a voltage.
  • the converter 50 is here powered electrically by a reference voltage VDDA received on a power input Vref_DAC.
  • the transmission of the access request to the memory is for example carried out when a synchronization signal T4_OVF is received on a Trigger_in synchronization input.
  • the microcontroller 20 also comprises a synchronization module 56 and a PWM control module 58.
  • the module 56 is adapted to supply the converter 50 with the signal T4_OVF synchronized with respect to the clock signal HCLK.
  • the moving part is in the open position.
  • the switchgear is thus in an electrically open state to prevent the flow of electric current between the connection terminals.
  • the switchgear receives an order to switch to the closed state.
  • This order is transmitted by means of a predefined signal, for example by supplying the circuit 2 from the power supply 6.
  • the circuit 2 controls the displacement of the movable part from its open position to the closed position, by supplying an electric supply current to the coil 4 for a predetermined duration, corresponding to the closing phase.
  • the microcontroller 20 controls the opening and the subsequent closing of the switch 24, here via the module 26, by supplying the control signal CMH generated by the module 58.
  • the coil 4 a supply current according to the pulse width modulation technique.
  • the coil 4 receives the modulated supply current which allows the generation of the magnetic field and therefore of a force magnetic which moves the moving part.
  • the closing phase here is divided into two distinct sub-phases: a first sub-phase P1 and a second sub-phase P2, whose respective duration depends on the displacement of the moving part in response to the supply current of the coil 4.
  • the moving part moves to the closed position from the open position.
  • the sub-phase P1 ends when the moving part reaches the closed position.
  • the coil 4 continues to be powered according to the same pulse width modulation technique.
  • the moving part then being stationary in the closed position, the supply current is greater than the minimum current strictly necessary to keep the moving part in the closed position.
  • the difference between the current thus supplied and the minimum current required corresponds to a "margin of safety".
  • the time required to move the moving part may vary depending on the circumstances is not known in advance.
  • the operation of the electromagnetic actuator is non-linear, in particular because of the variations in the inductance of the coil 4 as a function of the temperature.
  • the circuit 2 previously described makes it possible to implement, during this step, a method for regulating, or limiting, the value of the supply current of the coil 4, in order to optimize the safety margin and reduce the over-consumption of current from the coil 4 during the second sub-phase P2, without degrading the operating safety of the electrical switchgear.
  • the microcontroller 20 acquires a limit value of the supply current, for example by reading this limit value, here from an external data recording medium and by means of an interface exchange of data. This acquired value is then stored in the memory as a digital signal Vref_value.
  • the limit value is predetermined, preferably being calculated in advance according to the characteristics of the coil 4 and the actuator and the contactor size.
  • the digital-to-analog converter 50 generates the reference value Vref_in- in the form of an analog signal from the acquired limit value Vref_value.
  • This reference value Vref_in- is representative of the limit value of the supply current.
  • the converter 50 automatically reads the acquired limit value Vref_value stored in the memory, by issuing a request for direct access to the memory by means of the memory controller 54.
  • the controller 54 accesses thus to the memory via the data bus without soliciting the microcontroller 20. This request is for example issued each time the synchronization signal T4_OVF takes a particular value.
  • the digital value Vref_value is thus transmitted by the controller 54 to an input of the converter 50, which automatically transforms this value Vref_value into an analog signal forming the reference value Vref_in-.
  • the microcontroller 20 acquires the value Isense of the intensity of the supply current, here by measuring the voltage across the measuring resistor 30.
  • the comparator 52 compares the values Vref_in- and Isense. As this comparison is carried out directly by the analog comparator 52, it does not consume calculation resources specific to the microcontroller 20.
  • the circuit 2 controls the inhibition of the power supply of the coil 4.
  • the output signal OECLEAR of the comparator 52 goes from the low value to the high value.
  • the module 58 modifies the control signal CMH to modify the modulation ratio of the pulses, for example by keeping the control signal CMH at a predetermined value, for example a constant value of zero.
  • the switching of the switch 24 is then modified accordingly, and the value of the intensity of the supply current decreases.
  • the intensity of the supply current of the coil 4 is then limited and remains below the limit value.
  • the output signal OECLEAR remains at the low value and the module 58 generates the control signal CMH in a predefined manner according to the clock signal HCLK.
  • the intensity Isense becomes lower than the reference value Vref_in-, then the power supply of the coil 4 is restored.
  • the signal OECLEAR returns to the low value and the module 58 emits again the signal CMH according to the predefined form.
  • this process is performed repeatedly for the duration of the closing phase.
  • the steps 102, 104 and 106 are here repeated in a loop throughout the duration of the closing phase.
  • the comparison step 106 is here carried out continuously, in particular thanks to the analog processing chain formed by the converter 50 and the comparator 52.
  • the response time depends in particular on the propagation time and the processing of the data by this method. analog processing chain.
  • step 108 the process returns to step 106.
  • the closing phase ends at the end of a predefined delay, counted by the microcontroller 20.
  • the role of the actuator is to keep the moving part in the closed position as long as it does not receive a contrary order.
  • the control circuit injects an electric supply current of the coil 4 which is different from the supply electric current injected during the closing phase.
  • the electrical power consumed by the coil 4 is thus less than the power consumed by the coil during the closing phase.
  • the switching device can then be controlled to return to an electrically open state, to interrupt the flow of electrical current between the connection terminals.
  • the control circuit 2 stops supplying power to the coil 4.
  • the magnetic field is interrupted, as is the magnetic force.
  • the movable cutting part therefore returns to the open position, for example under the action of the elastic return member.
  • the figure 4 represents examples of evolution of values I of supply currents of the coil 4, in ordinate, as a function of the time t, on the abscissa, during a closing phase during which the mobile part switches to the closed position.
  • curve 62 represents the evolution of the feed stream in a known case where the method of limiting the figure 3 is not implemented
  • curve 64 represents an example of the evolution of the supply current in the case where the method of limiting the figure 3 is implemented.
  • the curve 60 represents the position of the moving part of the breaking apparatus and varies between a low value corresponding to the open position and a high value corresponding to the closed position.
  • the curves 62 and 64 are superimposed, indicating that the respective supply currents of the coil 4 are essentially identical, whether the process is applied or not.
  • the limitation is not implemented here and therefore is not detrimental to the displacement of the moving part.
  • the curve 64 differs from the curve 62, in particular in that the curve 64 is truncated above a threshold value with respect to the curve 62.
  • This reflects the fact that the The supply current of the coil 4 is automatically limited by the circuit 2. This reduces the power supplied to the coil 4 by the circuit 2.
  • the circuit 2 as described optimizes the limitation of the power supply. current of the coil 4 during the closing phase.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
EP18166607.4A 2017-04-11 2018-04-10 Steuerverfahren eines stromunterbrechungsgeräts, elektromagnetisches stellglied, das einen schaltkreis zur umsetzung dieses verfahrens umfasst, und elektrisches unterbrechungsgerät, das ein solches stellglied umfasst Active EP3389072B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1753164A FR3065089B1 (fr) 2017-04-11 2017-04-11 Procede de commande d'un appareil de coupure de courant electrique, actionneur electromagnetique comprenant un circuit de mise en oeuvre de ce procede et appareil electrique de coupure comprenant un tel actionneur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3389072A1 true EP3389072A1 (de) 2018-10-17
EP3389072B1 EP3389072B1 (de) 2019-09-18

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EP18166607.4A Active EP3389072B1 (de) 2017-04-11 2018-04-10 Steuerverfahren eines stromunterbrechungsgeräts, elektromagnetisches stellglied, das einen schaltkreis zur umsetzung dieses verfahrens umfasst, und elektrisches unterbrechungsgerät, das ein solches stellglied umfasst

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11075043B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3389072B1 (de)
CN (1) CN108695110B (de)
ES (1) ES2755929T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3065089B1 (de)

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KR20200108707A (ko) * 2019-03-11 2020-09-21 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 전자접촉기의 코일 구동 장치

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0400389A2 (de) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Erfassung des Einschaltens einer Spule
EP0882303A1 (de) * 1996-11-27 1998-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Steuerungsschaltung für solenoid und verfahren zur bestimmung des betriebszustandes
EP0911851A1 (de) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-28 Schneider Electric Sa Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Schutzschalters

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ITBO20000489A1 (it) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-04 Magneti Marelli Spa Metodo e dispositivo per il pilotaggio di un iniettore in un motore acombustione interna .
ITTO20030921A1 (it) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-21 Fiat Ricerche Dispositivo di comando di elettroattuatori con rilevamento dell'istante di fine attuazione e metodo di rilevamento dell'istante di fine attuazione di un elettroattuatore.
CN201107612Y (zh) * 2007-12-05 2008-08-27 顾宝兴 免待机单按钮程控电源开关电路
US9437381B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-09-06 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electric vehicle support equipment having a smart plug with a relay control circuit
CN105321771B (zh) * 2014-08-05 2018-05-15 泰科电子(上海)有限公司 一种接触器、接触器组件及控制电路
US10361051B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2019-07-23 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Single pole, single current path switching system and method
CN204885021U (zh) * 2015-09-10 2015-12-16 厦门理工学院 一种低压交流接触器驱动控制器
CN106531555B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2019-05-28 施耐德电气工业公司 限流设备和方法
CN105914100B (zh) * 2016-07-12 2019-01-18 福州大学 一种大容量接触器的动态可靠控制策略

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0400389A2 (de) * 1989-06-02 1990-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Erfassung des Einschaltens einer Spule
EP0882303A1 (de) * 1996-11-27 1998-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Steuerungsschaltung für solenoid und verfahren zur bestimmung des betriebszustandes
EP0911851A1 (de) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-28 Schneider Electric Sa Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Schutzschalters

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Publication number Publication date
FR3065089B1 (fr) 2019-06-28
CN108695110A (zh) 2018-10-23
ES2755929T3 (es) 2020-04-24
FR3065089A1 (fr) 2018-10-12
US20180294120A1 (en) 2018-10-11
EP3389072B1 (de) 2019-09-18
US11075043B2 (en) 2021-07-27
CN108695110B (zh) 2022-07-08

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