EP3435396B1 - Steuerbares gerät zur unterbrechung eines elektrischen stroms, und elektrische anlage, die ein solches gerät umfasst - Google Patents

Steuerbares gerät zur unterbrechung eines elektrischen stroms, und elektrische anlage, die ein solches gerät umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3435396B1
EP3435396B1 EP18185578.4A EP18185578A EP3435396B1 EP 3435396 B1 EP3435396 B1 EP 3435396B1 EP 18185578 A EP18185578 A EP 18185578A EP 3435396 B1 EP3435396 B1 EP 3435396B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
relay
power
electrical
excitation
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18185578.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3435396A1 (de
Inventor
Lionel Urankar
Stéphane FOLLIC
Silvio Rizzuto
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H2047/025—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay with taking into account of the thermal influences, e.g. change in resistivity of the coil or being adapted to high temperatures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a controllable device for cutting off an electric current.
  • the invention also relates to an electrical assembly comprising this device.
  • Electromechanical contactors and remote control switches are known in particular, which are controlled by means of an electrical signal to switch between open or closed states. Such electromechanical devices have long been satisfactory.
  • An example of a prior art device is described in FR-A-2977401 .
  • the invention more particularly intends to remedy by proposing a controllable device for cutting off an electric current which can be controlled in an improved manner and having an optimized energy management and a controlled space requirement.
  • the invention by storing in capacitors the energy that can be used to excite the relay coil, it avoids suddenly increasing the electrical consumption of the control circuit when ordering the switching of the relay.
  • the electrical power to be supplied to the electrical appliance is more stable over time. This reduces the heat dissipation of the electrical device and also simplifies the design of the power stage.
  • the use of a power converter whose nominal power is strictly less than the excitation power of the relay coil allows reduced electrical consumption.
  • the energy consumption of the electrical appliance is controlled and the heat dissipation is reduced.
  • the invention relates to an electrical assembly comprising an electrical charge, an electrical power source capable of delivering an electrical supply voltage, and an apparatus for breaking an electric current, the breaking apparatus being connected between the electrical load and the electrical supply source and comprising for this purpose a controllable relay whose separable electrical contacts selectively connect the supply terminals of the electrical load to the source or, alternately, electrically isolate them from the source , the electrical assembly being as previously described.
  • the figure 1 represents an electrical appliance 1 controllable for cutting off an electric current, such as a contactor or a remote control switch.
  • the device 1 is connected between an electrical load 2 and a source 3 of external electrical supply, for example within a domestic or industrial electrical installation.
  • the electrical load 2 comprises an item of equipment or a set of electrical items of equipment intended to be supplied electrically via supply terminals.
  • the function of the apparatus 1 is to selectively connect the load 2 to the source 3 to authorize the circulation of an electric current supplying the load 2 or, alternately, to isolate the load 2 from the source 3, to prevent the load supply 2.
  • the apparatus 1 here comprises a bistable relay 4 and a control circuit 5 for controlling the relay 4.
  • the relay 4 includes separable electrical contacts 41, for selectively connecting the source 3 to the load 2.
  • the electrical contacts 41 have fixed parts and mobile parts.
  • first fixed parts of the electrical contacts 41 are connected to the source 3.
  • Second fixed parts of the electrical contacts 41 are connected to the supply terminals of the load 2.
  • the moving parts of the electric contacts 41 are selectively and selectively movable and reversibly, between a closed state and an open state.
  • the moving parts connect the first and second fixed parts to each other.
  • the contacts 41 therefore connect the supply terminals of the load 2 to the source 3.
  • the moving parts are separated from the first and second fixed parts, thus isolating them from each other.
  • the contacts 41 therefore isolate the supply terminals of the electric load 2 from the source 3, thus preventing the circulation of an electric supply current to the electric load 2.
  • the relay 4 also includes at least one excitation coil 42, adapted to exert a magnetic force to switch, or move, the contacts 41 between the open and closed states when this coil 42 is excited by the control circuit 5.
  • the coil 42 here compotes an electrically conductive wire wound in one or more turns to form a solenoid.
  • the excitation of the coil 42 consists in sending an electric supply current in this conductive wire to generate a magnetic flux.
  • the minimum electrical power to be supplied to the coil 42, for a duration greater than or equal to a predefined threshold, in order to ensure the switching of relay 4, is called “excitation power” or “activation power”.
  • the minimum excitation energy corresponds to the product of the excitation power and the predefined duration threshold.
  • the coil 42 must receive an electrical energy greater than a predefined excitation energy threshold with an electrical power greater than a predefined excitation power threshold.
  • the relay 4 comprises a single coil 42.
  • the described operation can be transposed to the variants in which the relay 4 comprises several coils 42, each then having to be energized to trigger the switching.
  • the excitation power described below with reference to the dimensions of the power stage is understood as the electric power necessary for the excitation of all these coils 42.
  • the coil 42 to energize the coil 42, it is necessary to supply it with a power greater than or equal to 1 W for a duration greater than or equal to 15 ms.
  • the nominal switching time of the relay is here 10 ms. Other values are however possible, depending on the relay 4 used.
  • the relay 4 being a bistable relay, the switching of the relay 4 to one or the other of the open and closed states is carried out by exciting the coil 42 in an identical manner, for example by supplying it with the same amount of energy. In other words, once the switching of the relay 4 is effective, the relay 4 remains, in a stable manner, in the same state until the coil 42 is again excited and receives a sufficient quantity of energy. to switch to the opposite state.
  • the relay 4 comprises a single coil 42.
  • the operation described here can be transposed to variants in which the relay 4 comprises several coils 42, each then having to be energized to trigger the switching.
  • the power stage 6 must supply the power and the electrical energy necessary for the simultaneous excitation of all these coils 42.
  • the control circuit 5 here comprises a power stage 6 and a logic stage 7.
  • the stage 6 has the function of generating a continuous and stabilized electric voltage from an alternating electric supply voltage, in particular for electrically supplying the logic stage 7 so as to ensure proper functioning.
  • the power stage 6 is here intended to be electrically connected to the source 3 for an AC supply voltage.
  • the power stage 6 can receive a supply voltage from a voltage source distinct from the source 3.
  • the logic stage 7 notably comprises a programmable microcontroller 71 and an excitation circuit 72 for energizing the coil 42 of the relay 4, that is to say, as explained above, for injecting an electric current into the coil 42 so as to provide him the energy and power required for switching. This electrical energy comes from power stage 6.
  • the circuit 72 is for this purpose controlled by the microcontroller 71 and supplied in a regulated manner by the power stage 6, for example according to a pulse width modulation technique, noted PWM for "pulse width modulation" in English.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the device 1 also includes a protective box, not illustrated, inside which are housed, in particular, the relay 4 and the control circuit 5.
  • the box is made of an electrically insulating material. For example, it is a molded plastic case.
  • the dimensions of the housing are preferably standardized.
  • the case has a width less than or equal to 18mm.
  • the figures 2 and 3 show in more detail an example of the power stage 6 of the apparatus 1.
  • the input of the power stage 6 is adapted to be connected to the source 3 by input terminals, here denoted P and N, respectively for "phase” and "neutral".
  • the source 3 is able to supply an alternating supply electrical voltage. It is, for example, an electrical generator or an electrical distribution network.
  • the supply voltage has an amplitude between 85V AC and 276V AC and a frequency between 45Hz and 65Hz.
  • the device 1 here has a wide input range, making it suitable for operating on electrical networks supplied with 110V AC or 220V AC, as well as on electrical networks operating at 50Hz or 60Hz.
  • the power stage 6 notably comprises a rectifier 61, a first DC-DC power converter 62, a set of input capacitors 63, a set of output capacitors 64, as well as a second DC-DC power converter. 65.
  • the power stage 6 further comprises an energy reserve 66, the role of which is described in the following.
  • the rectifier 61 is configured to transform the alternating supply voltage received at the input between the terminals P and N, into a first direct voltage, called the rectified voltage denoted V_RECT.
  • This rectified voltage is here delivered at the output of the rectifier 61 between a first electrical supply rail and a first electrical ground “0V” of the stage 6.
  • the rectifier 61 comprises a diode bridge.
  • the power rail is designated by the same reference as the electrical potential to which it is brought.
  • Earth 0V here has zero electrical potential.
  • the potential difference between the V_RECT power rail and the 0V ground is therefore equal to the electrical potential to which the V_RECT power rail is carried.
  • the converter 62 is here configured to transform the rectified voltage V RECT into a second direct voltage VDD.
  • This rectified voltage is delivered at the output between a second electrical supply rail VDD and a second electrical ground “0V_ISO” of stage 6.
  • This second ground 0V_ISO is here galvanically isolated from the first ground 0V, thanks to the converter 62 .
  • the voltage VDD has an amplitude equal to 6V.
  • the voltage VDD although continuous, can fluctuate over time around an average value.
  • Galvanic isolation is particularly advantageous in the case where the device 1 is suitable for communicating by radio.
  • a radio antenna is used.
  • the radio antenna is generally installed outside the housing of the device 1. In fact, the radio antenna is therefore accessible to a user while being connected to internal components of the device 1 which are potentially exposed to the supply voltage from source 3. Good electrical insulation is therefore essential to avoid causing an electrical risk to users.
  • the converter 62 is dimensioned so as to have a nominal power which is strictly less than the excitation power of the coil 42.
  • This nominal power is preferably less than or equal to 75% of the excitation power of the coil 42.
  • the nominal power here corresponds to the electrical power which is output by the converter 62. It therefore does not include the thermal power dissipated by the converter 62.
  • operating power is used to denote the electrical power consumed by stage 6 during its operation in the absence of excitation of the coil 42.
  • it is more precisely an average power value around which the electrical power consumed at each instant by stage 6 can fluctuate.
  • This operating power is here strictly less than the power consumed by stage 6 during the excitation of the coil 42.
  • the operating power, consumed by the power stage 6 during its normal operation in the absence of excitation of the coil is equal to 0.2 W.
  • the converter 62 includes a voltage transformer. This makes it possible in particular to ensure galvanic isolation between the 0V and 0V_ISO earths.
  • the converter 62 is a “Flyback” converter, also called “accumulation converter”. This also ensures a wide input range in terms of the amplitude of the electrical input voltages.
  • the converter 62 here comprises a transformer 621 which comprises a primary winding 622, an auxiliary winding 623 and a secondary winding 624, formed around a magnetic core 625, for example made of ferrite.
  • the group 626 is connected at the input to the supply rail V_RECT and, at the output, to a terminal of the first winding 622 on the one hand and to a voltage rail V_AUX which is supplied at a so-called auxiliary voltage and also denoted V_AUX.
  • the opposite terminal of the first winding 622 is connected to the V_RECT power rail.
  • the regulator 627 is connected at the input to the rail V_AUX and, at the output, at the output of the group 626.
  • the auxiliary winding 623 is connected on the one hand to the rail V_AUX and on the other hand to ground 0V.
  • the secondary winding 624 is connected on the one hand to the VDD rail and on the other hand to the ground 0V_ISO.
  • the regulation of the converter 62 can be carried out differently.
  • the size of the converter 62 in terms of nominal power is partly achieved by choosing the properties of the core. magnetic 625, for example so that this allows only a limited power to pass, less than the excitation power of the coil 42.
  • the transformer 62 is dimensioned so as to transfer to the output of the converter 62 up to 75% of the excitation power of the coil 42 without magnetically saturating the core 625.
  • the converter 62 is configured to supply an output power of 0.2 Watts continuously.
  • the diameter of the conducting wires forming the windings 622, 623 and 624 is chosen as small as possible, as a function of the operating power of the stage 6 in the absence of excitation of the coil 42.
  • the conductor wires are not too small in diameter, so as not to increase the risk of wire breakage during the manufacture of the windings.
  • the diameters are chosen so that the converter 62 provides an output power of 0.2W permanently, with a current density of 10A / mm 2 at the level of the conducting wires.
  • the windings 622 and 623 are here formed by winding a copper conductive wire of diameter 40 on the AWG scale called "American Wire Gauge" and the winding 624 is here formed by winding d '' a conductive copper wire of diameter 36 on the AWG scale.
  • these values can be chosen differently, in particular as a function of the characteristics of the coil 42.
  • the set of capacitors 63 includes one or more capacitors electrically connected in parallel. This set of capacitors 63 is connected at the input of the converter 62, for example between the rail V RECT and the ground 0V.
  • the capacity value of the assembly 63 is denoted “Cin” in the following.
  • the set of capacitors 64 comprises one or more capacitors electrically connected in parallel.
  • This set of capacitors 63 is connected at the output of the converter 62, for example between the rail VDD and the ground 0V.
  • the capacity value of the assembly 64 is denoted “Cost” in the following.
  • the sets of capacitors 63 and 64 are configured to store, together, at least part of the energy required to energize the coil 42, for example more than 50% of the energy required to energize the coil 42 or, more preferably, more than 80%, or even more preferably, more than 90% of the energy required to excite the coil 42.
  • these sets of capacitors 63 and 64 are adapted to discharge so as to supply the excitation circuit 72, and therefore the coil 42, when the switching of the relay 4 is controlled, for example when the excitation circuit 72 is activated by the microcontroller 71 and that the alternating supply voltage has an amplitude below a voltage threshold.
  • the capacity values Cin and Cout are therefore chosen as a function of the power and the quantity of energy required to energize the coil 42 of the relay 4, and therefore to switch the relay 4 between the open and closed positions.
  • these values are chosen so that the second set 64 is able to store more energy than the first set 63 and, preferably, so that the second set 64 stores at least 50% of the excitation energy required.
  • the second set 64 is here adapted to store more energy than the first set 63.
  • the value Cin is here less than or equal to 1 ⁇ F and the value Cost is less than or equal to 500 ⁇ F.
  • the assembly 63 here comprises four identical capacitors, with a capacity of 220nF each.
  • the assembly 64 here comprises, connected in parallel, two identical capacitors of 220 ⁇ F and a capacitor of 10 ⁇ F.
  • the capacitors of the assembly 63 are of ceramic technology.
  • the capacitors of the assembly 64 are tantalum.
  • Ceramic and tantalum capacitors take up less space than electrolytic technology capacitors. Their use therefore facilitates the physical integration of the power stage 6 within the housing of device 1, since it makes it possible to occupy less space. In addition, their reliability is better than that of electrolytic capacitors. By avoiding the use of electrolytic capacitors for main functions of the power stage 6, it is avoided to reduce the reliability of the device 1 below the reliability of known electromechanical contactors.
  • the converter 65 is configured to transform the second DC voltage VDD into a stabilized third DC voltage VCC.
  • This voltage VCC is here delivered at the output between a third electrical supply rail and the ground 0V_ISO.
  • This voltage VCC makes it possible to supply the logic stage 7 electrically.
  • the voltage VCC has an amplitude equal to 3.3V.
  • the converter 65 is a Buck step-down type switching converter, which makes it possible to reduce the heat dissipation and therefore to improve the efficiency of the converter 6.
  • it may be a linear converter of type LDO, for "low drop-out regulator" in English.
  • the converter 65 makes it possible to have a stabilized electrical supply for the logic stage 7.
  • the voltage VDD generated by the latter is not sufficiently stable to be directly supplied to logic stage 7.
  • the voltage VDD can have amplitude fluctuations of up to plus or minus 40%.
  • such fluctuations are not detrimental to the excitation of the coil, insofar as this excitation is achieved by means of a PWM regulation, as explained in the foregoing.
  • the use of the converter 62 is not detrimental to the proper functioning of the relay 4.
  • the energy reserve 66 is adapted to ensure an emergency supply of the logic stage 7 in the event of the supply voltage of the device 1 disappearing, for example in the event of a source 3 failure.
  • the reserve is dimensioned to allow the logic stage 7, and in particular the microcontroller 71, to carry out preprogrammed emergency functions, for a limited period of time, for example to send an alert message, as explained in the following.
  • the energy reserve 66 is not intended to contain sufficient energy to ensure operation of the device 1 under normal operating conditions.
  • the reserve 66 is dimensioned to allow the sending of a radio message after a loss of external power, this radio message comprising four frames of 1.5 seconds duration.
  • this radio message comprising four frames of 1.5 seconds duration.
  • reserve 66 makes it possible to store at least 1 Joule of energy.
  • the energy reserve 66 is placed upstream of the converter 65 within the stage 6.
  • This energy reserve 66 includes one or more capacitors, called super-capacitors, connected between the second supply rail VDD and the ground 0V_ISO.
  • reserve 66 contains two capacitors of 220mF each connected in series with each other.
  • the reserve 66 advantageously contains a resistor, of at least 500 ⁇ , connected in series with the capacitor (s), so as to limit the amount of energy consumed by the reserve 66 when starting stage 6 and also to limit the leakage current in the event of failure of one of the super-capacitors.
  • the super-capacitors are here of electrolytic technology, which reduces their cost. As they are not intended to perform functions linked to the switching of the relay 4, the fact of using electrolytic technology is not detrimental to the reliability of the power stage 6.
  • the figure 4 schematically represents an example of the excitation circuit 72.
  • the circuit 72 is connected to the terminals of the coil 42 to deliver an electric supply current when it receives one or more control signals SET, RST sent by the microcontroller 71 and, alternately, inhibiting the supply of the coil 42 in the absence of such a control signal.
  • Circuit 72 is connected to the VDD supply rail of stage 6.
  • the excitation circuit 72 comprises four transistors 721, 722, 723 and 724, connected to form an H-bridge. These transistors 721, 722, 723 and 724 are here MOSFET technology field effect transistors. Alternatively, it is possible to use bipolar transistors of PNP and NPN type. It is also possible to use an integrated circuit which integrates such an H-bridge inside an individual component.
  • Transistors 721 and 722 are p-type transistors whose drain is connected to opposite terminals of the coil 42 and whose source is connected to the supply rail VDD.
  • Transistors 723 and 724 are n-type transistors, the drain of which is connected to the opposite terminals of the coil 42 and the source of which is connected to ground 0V_ISO.
  • the gate of the transistors 721 and 723 is connected to an RST command output of the microcontroller 71, while the gate of the transistors 722, 724 is connected to a SET command output of the microcontroller 71.
  • the excitation circuit 72 can be produced differently.
  • the circuit 72 is adapted to excite these two coils 42 simultaneously, for example by means of two transistors connected to the coils and controlled by the control signals RST and SET.
  • the logic stage 7 comprises the microcontroller 71 as well as the excitation circuit 72.
  • the logic stage 7 further comprises here a radio communication interface 73, which is adapted to be connected with a radio antenna 731.
  • the radio antenna 731 is here placed outside the device 1 while being connected to the interface 73 by means of an appropriate connection, for example a coaxial cable and / or a radio frequency connector, here an SMA type connector.
  • the interface 73 is connected to the microcontroller 71 and is configured to allow the microcontroller 71 to send and receive messages by radio to exchange data with the outside, for example with a remote computer server.
  • the interface 73 thus authorizes remote management of the device 1, for example to control it or to monitor its operation.
  • the radio interface 73 is preferably compatible with a low-power wireless network communication technology, also known under the name LPWAN for “low-power wide area network” in English, for example for operating within a network. machine-to-machine communication.
  • LPWAN low-power wireless network communication technology
  • the interface 73 is compatible with LoRaWAN technology or, as a variant, with UNB "ultra-narrow band” technology from the company SIGFOX ®.
  • the interface 73 is here connected to the VCC power rail and to ground 0V_ISO, which ensures its power supply.
  • the galvanic isolation provided by the power stage 6 makes it possible to place the antenna 731 outside the housing of the device 1 while limiting the electrical risk.
  • the logic stage 7 also includes a measurement circuit 74 of electrical quantities and a computer memory 75.
  • the memory 75 is suitable for recording data and thus forms an information recording medium.
  • the memory 75 includes a non-volatile memory module, here of FLASH technology.
  • the memory 75 is connected to the microcontroller 71, the latter being able to write and / or read data in the memory 75.
  • the measurement circuit 74 is suitable for measuring electrical quantities such as an electric voltage and / or an electric current and for generating signals representative of the quantities measured intended for the microcontroller 71.
  • the circuit 74 includes a probe 741 for measuring the voltage VDD, for measuring in real time the voltage VDD supplied by the converter 62. This allows in particular the microcontroller 71 to implement PWM regulation for excitation of coil 42.
  • the probe 741 comprises a voltage divider bridge integrated within the power stage 6, comprising several resistors connected between the supply rail VDD and the ground 0V_ISO. To facilitate the reading of the figure 2 , this probe is not illustrated on the figure 2 .
  • the probe 741 is independent of the circuit 74 and is, for example, directly connected to the microcontroller 71.
  • the probe 741 is therefore not necessarily part of the circuit 74 and can thus be omitted therefrom.
  • the circuit 74 is also able to measure the alternating electric current and the alternating electric voltage delivered by the source 3 to supply the load 2, at the level of the contacts 41. In what follows, this voltage and this current are respectively called “voltage of charge “and” charge current ".
  • the circuit 74 includes for this purpose a probe 742 for measuring the instantaneous electric current delivered by the source 3 and a probe 743 for measuring the alternating supply voltage delivered by the source 3. This makes it possible to determine at each instant the values d amplitude, respectively, of the charging voltage and the charging current.
  • the power stage 6 and the source 2 are both supplied by the source 3.
  • the probes 742 and 743 are therefore placed within the power stage 6. For simplicity, they are not illustrated on the figure 2 .
  • the circuit 74 also includes an analog-digital converter 744, configured to transform the electrical quantities measured by the probes 741, 742 and 743 into logic signals intended for the microcontroller 71.
  • the probe 741 is not necessarily connected to this analog-digital converter 744. Then, preferably, it is connected to the microcontroller 71 in order to use internal analog-digital conversion means provided by the microcontroller 71. In fact, it is not necessary to have a as great precision on the results of the 741 probe measurements as for the measurements from the 742 and 743 probes.
  • this converter 744 is incorporated into the microcontroller 71 within the same component.
  • the measurement of an electrical quantity by the measurement circuit 74 here comprises the acquisition of a digital value supplied by the analog-digital converter 744 and corresponding to the analog electrical quantity measured by one of the probes 742 or 743 , this acquisition can be carried out punctually or repeatedly with a predefined sampling frequency.
  • the microcontroller 71 is in particular programmed to ensure the operation of the device 1 and in particular to automatically control the relay 4, for example as a function of orders received by the interface 73.
  • the microcontroller 71 is a low-consumption microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller here comprises several functional modules, for example each implemented by means of executable instructions stored in the memory 75 and able to be executed by the microcontroller 71.
  • modules 715, 716 and the module for managing the switching of the electrical contacts 41 can be omitted and / or implemented independently of one another.
  • the microcontroller 71 is in particular programmed to implement the PWM regulation, here by means of the module 711, when an excitation of the coil 42 of the relay 4 must be triggered.
  • This regulation is carried out on the excitation voltage applied by the excitation circuit 72 across the terminals of the coil 42.
  • This excitation voltage takes the form of a modulated voltage signal formed by a succession of spaced pulses. over time and having a predefined amplitude level. In the absence of excitation, the applied voltage is zero.
  • this regulation is carried out as a function of the voltage value VDD as measured here by the probe 741.
  • the duty cycle R increases when the voltage VDD across the terminals of the set of capacitors 64 decreases, and decreases when the voltage VDD increases. This makes it possible to maintain at a sufficient level the amplitude of the pulses of the electric supply current despite possible fluctuations in the voltage VDD.
  • the calculation of the duty cycle R is repeated periodically over time by the microcontroller 71.
  • the measurement and / or sampling of the Vsense value is carried out with a reduced frequency, for example less than or equal to 5 kHz or, preferably, less than or equal to 2 kHz.
  • the frequency is chosen equal to 2 kHz.
  • the frequency of 2 kHz makes it possible to carry out a measurement repeated over time without having to request this function too frequently.
  • microcontroller 71 which further reduces the energy consumption thereof.
  • the microcontroller 71 is then programmed to generate the corresponding control signals RST, SET for the circuit 72.
  • the excitation is stopped. For example, it is stopped after a predetermined period.
  • the PWM regulation is interrupted and the excitation voltage is no longer applied by the excitation circuit 72.
  • the microcontroller 71 generates corresponding control signals RST, SET intended for the circuit 72.
  • the predefined alert signal is stored in memory 75, as is its destination.
  • the reserve 66 here makes it possible to send 3 to 4 frames of a predefined alert message, via the antenna 731.
  • the loss of supply is for example detected by means of the measurement probes 741 and 742.
  • the microcontroller 71 also advantageously programmed, here thanks to the module 712, to optimize the energy consumption, in particular by avoiding exciting the coil 42 when an energy consuming operation is in progress, by example when the communication interface 73 sends a radio message via the antenna 731.
  • the microcontroller 71 is here also programmed to avoid energizing the coil 42 as long as the capacitors of the second set 64 are not sufficiently recharged , their state of charge being estimated by measuring the voltage VDD by means of the probe 741.
  • the microcontroller 71 when a switching command is received by the device 1, for example on the communication interface 73, the microcontroller 71 temporarily inhibits the setting up of the PWM regulation and the activation of the excitation circuit 72 until said operation is not completed. This inhibition nevertheless remains short enough not to affect the reliability of the switching of relay 4. It can also be omitted.
  • the microcontroller 71 is programmed, here thanks to the module 713, to calculate the power factor of the load 2 when the latter is connected to the device 1.
  • This power factor denoted cos ⁇
  • cos ⁇ is for example calculated at from the phase shift ⁇ between the voltage and the load current measured by the measurement probes, respectively 743 and 742.
  • the power factor calculation is here performed automatically by means of a logic calculation unit of the microcontroller 71.
  • the microcontroller 71 is here programmed, thanks to the module 715, to automatically detect the zero crossing of the charging current and the charging voltage. This calculation is for example carried out by means of a logical calculation unit of the microcontroller 71.
  • the microcontroller 71 is programmed, here thanks to the module 715, to estimate the state of the electrical contacts 41 of the relay 4, that is to say for determining whether, at a given instant, the electrical contacts 41 are in the open state or in the closed state, or else to determine an abnormal state.
  • This determination is carried out here by means of a measurement of the so-called load current which flows through the electrical contacts 41 to supply the load 2 when the latter is connected to the device 1, for example using the probe. 742.
  • the relay 4 is generally formed by a unitary component encapsulated in a housing and whose moving parts of the contacts are not easily accessible from the outside.
  • This determination function makes it possible here, when the device 1 is controlled remotely via the communication interface 73, to verify the correct execution of a switching order of the relay 4 or, on the contrary, to detect a relay failure 4.
  • the microcontroller 71 is notably programmed, thanks to the module 715, to implement the steps of this process.
  • This method is, for example, implemented automatically by the microcontroller 71 after having ordered the switching of the relay 4 following the reception of a control order, preferably immediately after.
  • the microcontroller 71 acquires, or determines, which is the previous switching order previously received by the device 1, for example the last previous switching order received.
  • This order can take a value "ON” if it was intended to control the closing of the electrical contacts 41, or, alternatively, a value "OFF” if it was intended to control the opening of the electrical contacts 41.
  • each order received by the communication interface 73 is recorded in the memory 75.
  • the acquisition therefore comprises the search and the reading of the corresponding information, by the microcontroller 71, in the memory 75.
  • the value of the current flowing is measured to determine a state of circulation of the electric current towards the electric load 2 via the contacts 41.
  • This measurement is carried out here by means of the measurement probe 742 of the measurement circuit 74.
  • the microcontroller 71 acquires a digital value from the analog-digital converter 744 corresponding to a sampled value of the signal measured by the probe 742. The state is on if a non-zero current value is measured and, on the contrary, the state is non-conducting if the measured value is zero.
  • the state of relay 4 is estimated from predefined rules and as a function of the current flow state determined and the previous order acquired.
  • These rules define a set of scenarios, each parameterized by a previous order value and by a measured current flow state, passing or not passing. These rules are for example stored in memory 75.
  • the estimated state of the contacts 41 is for example recorded by the microcontroller 71 and / or transmitted by the communication interface 73 to the entity which issued the switching order .
  • the microcontroller 71 performs a predefined action, for example an alarm.
  • the microcontroller 71 can wait a predetermined time before sending an alarm.
  • the alarm is not emitted and the microcontroller 71 waits for a predefined time. The process can then be reiterated at this time to determine the state of relay 4. If on this occasion the anomaly is repeated, then the microcontroller 71 this time sends an alarm.
  • the contacts 41 following an opening order "OFF", the contacts 41 must be in the open state and therefore no current must be able to flow there. If the measured current value corresponds to such an absence of current, then the contacts 41 are considered to be in the open state. A presence of a current following such an order indicates an anomaly. On the contrary, following a closing order "ON", the contacts 41 must be closed to allow the circulation of a current and it is then the absence of a current which indicates an anomaly.
  • anomaly 1 corresponds to a first anomaly in which the current is absent when it should be flowing. This anomaly can be caused either by a failed switching of relay 4, or by a failure of conduction of contacts 41, for example because of dirt or premature wear, or by a failure of load 2 regardless of the state of relay 4.
  • “Anomaly 2" corresponds to a second anomaly in which a current flows when it should not.
  • the contacts 41 are accidentally soldered, or the relay 4 has not switched, or the moving parts of the contacts 41 have moved in an unauthorized manner, for example following a mechanical shock.
  • the microcontroller 71 is programmed, here thanks to the module 716, to estimate the switching time of the relay 4.
  • This switching time denoted ⁇ t in the following, is defined as the duration between the triggering of the excitation , for example the instant when the circuit 72 begins to supply the coil 42, and the instant when the displacement of the contacts 41 is effective.
  • ⁇ t is defined as the duration between the triggering of the excitation , for example the instant when the circuit 72 begins to supply the coil 42, and the instant when the displacement of the contacts 41 is effective.
  • a switching time value ⁇ t is known, for example recorded in memory 75.
  • It may be a switching time value ⁇ t estimated by means of a previous iteration of the method.
  • the switching time ⁇ t is initially measured in the factory during the construction of the device 1, for example by means of a dedicated test bench, which makes it possible to obtain precise measurement.
  • the thus measured value of the switching time ⁇ t is recorded, for example in memory 75.
  • switching of the relay 4 is controlled.
  • the microcontroller 71 controls the excitation of the coil 42 following the reception of a switching command.
  • the time ⁇ t_m necessary for the switching of the relay 4 is measured.
  • the microcontroller 71 counts the time which elapses from the moment when, during step 1010, the excitation of the coil 42 is controlled, until the effective switching of the relay 4.
  • This switching is by example detected by measuring the change in electric current and / or charge voltage, for example by means of measurement probes 742 and / or 743 of circuit 74.
  • Time recording is advantageously carried out by means of a digital clock integrated into the microcontroller 71. The time thus recorded can advantageously be corrected by a predetermined factor to take account of the computation time required by the microprocessor 71 to process the signals coming from the circuit 74.
  • the time ⁇ t_m thus measured is compared with the value of known switching time ⁇ t.
  • the microcontroller 71 reads the value of the switching time ⁇ t known from memory 75 and compares it with the value of the delay measured at the end of step 1012.
  • the switching time ⁇ t is considered to have not changed.
  • the known switching time value ⁇ t remains unchanged.
  • the known switching time value ⁇ t is updated taking account of the measured time ⁇ t_m. For example, the switching time value ⁇ t known and replaced by the measured time value ⁇ t_m.
  • a new switching time value ⁇ t is calculated by averaging the value of the time ⁇ t_m measured with one or more of the old switching time values successively updated during previous iterations of the method.
  • This update is carried out by the microcontroller 71, for example by writing a new value in the memory 75, this value now being considered to be the value of known switching time.
  • the switching time ⁇ t is considered to be the same for the closing and opening of the contacts 41.
  • the switching time may be different on opening and closing. Then the process thus described can be implemented in a similar way to estimate each of these two distinct switching times.
  • the microcontroller 71 is also programmed, here thanks to the switching management module, to optimize the switching of the electrical contacts 41 of the relay 4 as a function of the nature of the electrical load 2 connected to the device 1. More specifically, the microcontroller 71 is programmed to, when a switching command is received, synchronize the switching of the relay 4 with favorable condition conditions specifically chosen according to the nature of the load 2, such as a zero crossing. load current and / or voltage.
  • the device 1 is intended to be used with electrical charges of a different nature, and it is not possible in advance to know in advance, during the manufacture of the device 1, what type charge will be used.
  • each type of load depending on whether it is resistive, capacitive or inductive, poses a particular risk when switching the relay 4. Repeated switching under unfavorable conditions leads to damage to the electrical contacts 41, which reduces the service life of the device 1.
  • the maximum peak current when the load 2 is energized when the contacts 41 are closed can reach the value of 350A, i.e. more than twenty-seven times the value of the peak current under continuous operating conditions.
  • the method for optimizing the switching of the relay 4 therefore aims to remedy these drawbacks, in order to avoid premature wear of the electrical contacts 41.
  • the load type 2 is identified automatically.
  • the microcontroller 71 automatically determines the phase shift ⁇ between the voltage and the current at the terminals of the load 2 as well as the power factor cos ⁇ associated with the load 2, from measurements of the current and the electrical voltage at the terminals of the load 2. This determination is carried out here by means of the module 713 and the measurement circuit 74.
  • the load type 2 is identified from a predefined list as a function of the power factor cos ⁇ and of the phase shift.
  • the load 2 can be of one of the following types: resistive, capacitive or inductive.
  • load 2 is resistive if the power factor cos ⁇ is equal to 1.
  • Load 2 is capacitive if the power factor cos ⁇ is less than 1 and the phase shift is positive, and is inductive if the power factor cos ⁇ is less than 1 and the phase shift is negative.
  • the identification can be based on a value of power factor already known, for example a value previously calculated and stored in memory 75 during a previous iteration of the process, or even a default value set at the factory, especially when the device 1 is started for the first time.
  • a switching synchronization strategy is automatically chosen according to the type of load identified. This choice is made according to predefined rules, for example recorded in memory 75.
  • the choice of a synchronization strategy involves the selection of relevant electrical quantities measurable at the supply terminals of the load 2, therefore here at the level of the contacts 41, the temporal evolution of which must be the subject of a surveillance.
  • the synchronization of the switching is carried out as a function of these electrical quantities.
  • these electrical quantities are chosen from the assembly formed by the charging current, the charging voltage, the instantaneous power at the supply terminals of the load 2, or even the harmonics of this voltage and / or of this current. and / or this power.
  • the choice of a synchronization strategy also includes the determination of a switching threshold for each relevant electrical quantity chosen and for each switching direction, ie opening or closing.
  • This switching threshold corresponds to the value of this quantity for which the switching of relay 4 must be triggered to command a switching in accordance with the strategy. In practice, here, it it is desirable to control the switching so that it occurs during the zeroing of the relevant quantity.
  • the relevant electrical quantities are the load voltage and current.
  • the switching strategy consists in waiting for the voltage to zero to close the contacts 41 and in waiting for the current to zero in order to open the contacts 41.
  • the relevant electrical quantity is the charging voltage.
  • the switching strategy consists in waiting for the voltage to zero before opening or closing the contacts 41.
  • the relevant electrical quantity is the load current.
  • the switching strategy consists in waiting for the current to go to zero before opening or closing the contacts 41.
  • the switching threshold can be chosen equal to zero.
  • the switching thresholds can be different, to take account of the switching time ⁇ t of the relay 4.
  • the switching must be controlled with an advance with respect to the instant at which this zero crossing takes place, this advance being equal to the switching time ⁇ t.
  • the switching threshold then corresponds to the theoretical value taken by this relevant electrical quantity at the instant anticipating the passage to zero with a duration equal to the switching time ⁇ t.
  • This theoretical value can be predicted, here automatically by the microcontroller 71, for example by interpolation or by knowing the shape of the periodic signal taken by the relevant electrical quantity as a function of time.
  • the switching threshold can also be chosen equal to zero. Then, the switching is triggered after a period equal to the difference between the period T and the switching time ⁇ t.
  • a default strategy can be implemented if the load type cannot be identified with certainty.
  • the switching is preferably carried out during the zero crossing of the voltage.
  • the relevant electrical quantity is therefore the voltage.
  • the microcontroller 71 waits for the reception of a switching order.
  • the chosen control strategy is implemented to identify a switching condition.
  • This implementation comprising the measurement of one or more electrical quantities to detect a switching condition corresponding to the chosen synchronization strategy For example, each electrical quantity chosen is measured, here thanks to the measurement circuit 74. Each value thus measured is automatically compared, by the microcontroller 71, to the switching threshold chosen during step 1032 for the corresponding order.
  • the switching of the relay 4 is triggered by the microcontroller 71.
  • the triggering of the switching of the relay being inhibited, at least temporarily , as long as a switching condition corresponding to this switching strategy is not identified.
  • I the microcontroller 71 triggers the switching by controlling the excitation circuit 72 only when it has detected that the measured value has reached the switching threshold. Depending on the switching strategy chosen, this triggering can occur immediately or after the expiration of a predefined delay time, as explained above.
  • step 1040 the switching of relay 4 is completed and effective, following the switching command of step 1038.
  • the method returns here to step 1034 while awaiting a new switching order. For example, the process is repeated in a loop until the device 1 is switched off.
  • step 1034 is applied again.
  • steps 1000 to 1004 of the process of the figure 6 are advantageously implemented following step 1038, to estimate the state of the contacts 41, in particular to check whether the switching of relay 4 has taken place in accordance with the command sent.
  • the figure 10 illustrates an example of application of the method for optimizing the switching of the figure 9 when a load 2 is connected.
  • Load 2 is known here and the switching strategy for closing the contacts consists in waiting for the voltage to go to zero on a falling edge.
  • the graph 1100 illustrates the evolution, as a function of time t, of the amplitude V of the electric voltage 1102 used to supply the load 2.
  • the voltage 1102 is periodic with period T and of sinusoidal form .
  • Graph 1104 illustrates the evolution, as a function of time t, of a curve 1106 representing the state of reception of a switching order from relay 4 by the device 1.
  • the value " 0 ” indicates that there is no switching command and the value“ 1 ”indicates that a switching command is received.
  • the graph 1108 illustrates the evolution, as a function of time t, of a curve 1110 representing the activation state of a counter which counts down a predefined duration from the instant of the zero crossing of the voltage 1102 following time t0.
  • the value "0" indicates an inactive state of the counter and the value "1" indicates the activation of the counter.
  • the graph 1112 illustrates the evolution, as a function of time t, of a curve 1114 representing the state of excitation of the coil 42.
  • the value "1" indicates that the excitation circuit 72 is activated and supplies the coil 42 and the value "0" indicates the absence of supply to the coil 42.
  • the graph 1116 illustrates the evolution, as a function of time t, of a signal 1118 representing the state of the contacts 41 of the relay 4.
  • the value "0" indicates that the contacts 41 are in the open state and the value "1" indicates that the contacts 41 are in the closed state.
  • Step 1030 a switching command is not received.
  • step 1030 a switching order is received by the apparatus 1.
  • Step 1036 is then implemented.
  • the counter is started and counts down a predefined duration, up to an instant t3. This duration is here equal to the difference between the period T and the switching time ⁇ t on closing. This makes it possible to anticipate the next zero crossing on a falling edge, at time t2 ', taking into account the switching time ⁇ t.
  • the coil 42 is controlled by the excitation circuit 72 in order to close the contacts 41, as illustrated by the curve 1114. Then, after a delay equal to the switching time ⁇ t, the closure of the contacts 41 is effective, as illustrated by the curve 1118.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Steuerbare Vorrichtung (1) zur Unterbrechung eines elektrischen Stroms, wobei diese Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) dafür eingerichtet ist, zwischen eine elektrische Last (2) und eine Stromversorgungsquelle (3) geschaltet zu werden, um die Stromversorgung der elektrischen Last (2) durch die Versorgungsquelle (3) selektiv zu erlauben oder zu unterdrücken, wobei die Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) Folgendes beinhaltet:
    - ein bistabiles Relais (4), das trennbare elektrische Kontakte (41) und eine Anregungsspule (42) zum Steuern der Umschaltung der elektrischen Kontakte (41) umfasst, wobei diese elektrischen Kontakte (41) dafür eingerichtet sind, die elektrische Last (2) mit der Versorgungsquelle (3) zu verbinden, wobei das Relais (4) dafür eingerichtet ist, die elektrischen Kontakte (41) zwischen einem offenen und einem geschlossenen Zustand umzuschalten, wenn die Spule (42) eine Energiemenge über einem vordefinierten Schwellenwert für die Anregungsenergie mit einer elektrischen Leistung über einem vordefinierten Leistungsschwellenwert erhält;
    - eine Steuerschaltung (5), die eine Leistungsstufe (6) und eine Logikstufe (7) umfasst, wobei die Leistungsstufe (6) dafür eingerichtet ist, eine Stromversorgung für die Logikstufe (7) bereitzustellen, wobei die Logikstufe (7) eine Anregungsschaltung (72) zum Versorgen der Spule (42) und einen programmierbaren Mikrocontroller (71) umfasst, der die Anregungsschaltung (72) steuert, um die Umschaltung des Relais (4) auszulösen, wobei die Leistungsstufe (6) einen Leistungswandler (62), eine erste Kondensatoranordnung (63), die mit dem Eingang des Leistungswandlers (62) verbunden ist, und eine zweite Kondensatoranordnung (64), die mit dem Ausgang des Leistungswandlers (62) verbunden ist, umfasst,
    wobei die Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) dadurch
    gekennzeichnet ist,
    dass die Nennleistung des Leistungswandlers (62) strikt unter dem Schwellenwert für die Anregungsleistung der Spule (42) liegt,
    und dass die erste und die zweite Kondensatoranordnung (63, 64) dafür eingerichtet sind, eine Menge an Energie zu speichern, die größer als oder gleich 50 % des Schwellenwerts für die Anregungsenergie ist, die zum Umschalten des Relais (4) erforderlich ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leistungswandler (62) ein Sperrwandler ist, der einen Spannungstransformator (621) umfasst, wobei die erste Kondensatoranordnung (63) mit einer Primärwicklung (622) des Transformators (621) verbunden ist und die zweite Kondensatoranordnung (64) mit einer Sekundärwicklung (624) des Transformators (621) verbunden ist.
  3. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Kondensatoranordnung (64) dafür eingerichtet ist, wenigstens 50 % der Anregungsenergie zu speichern, die zum Umschalten des Relais (4) notwendig ist.
  4. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kondensatoren der ersten Anordnung (63) aus Keramik sind und dass die Kondensatoren der zweiten Anordnung (64) aus Tantal sind.
  5. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leistungsstufe (6) einen zusätzlichen Leistungswandler (65) beinhaltet, der dafür eingerichtet ist, eine stabilisierte elektrische Gleichspannung (VCC) bereitzustellen, um wenigstens einen Teil der Logikstufe (7) mit Strom zu versorgen.
  6. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller (71) dafür programmiert ist, die Anregungsschaltung (72) gemäß einer Technik der Impulsbreitenmodulation zu steuern, wobei die Anregungsschaltung (72) dafür eingerichtet ist, die Spule (42) mit einer modulierten Versorgungsspannung zu versorgen.
  7. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller (71) dafür programmiert ist, nach dem Befehlen der Umschaltung des Relais (4) infolge des Empfangs eines Steuerbefehls die folgenden Schritte auszuführen:
    - Bestimmen (1000) eines vorher empfangenen früheren Umschaltbefehls,
    - Bestimmen (1002) eines Zustands des Fließens des elektrischen Stroms zu der elektrischen Last (2) über die elektrischen Kontakte (41) des Relais (4), wobei dieser Zustand die Abwesenheit oder das Vorhandensein eines Stroms anzeigen kann,
    - Schätzen (1004) eines Zustands des Relais (4) auf Basis von vordefinierten Regeln und in Abhängigkeit von dem bestimmten Stromflusszustand und von dem früheren Umschaltbefehl.
  8. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller (71) dafür programmiert ist, nach dem Befehlen der Umschaltung des Relais (4) infolge des Empfangs eines Steuerbefehls die folgenden Schritte auszuführen:
    - Messen (1012) der Zeit (Δt_m), die zum Umschalten des Relais (4) notwendig ist;
    - Vergleichen (1014) der gemessenen Zeit (Δt_m) mit einem bekannten Umschaltzeitwert (Δt) für das Relais (4), um zu bestimmen, ob sich die gemessene Zeit (Δt_m) von dem bekannten Umschaltzeitwert (Δt) unterscheidet,
    - Aktualisieren (1018) des bekannten Umschaltzeitwerts (Δt) auf Basis des Werts der gemessenen Zeit (Δt_m) nur dann, wenn bestimmt wird, dass sich die gemessene Zeit (Δt_m) von dem bekannten Umschaltzeitwert (Δt) unterscheidet.
  9. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrocontroller (71) dafür programmiert ist, die folgenden Schritte auszuführen:
    - Identifizieren (1030) des Typs der elektrischen Last (2) ;
    - Auswählen (1032) einer Strategie zur Synchronisierung der Umschaltung in Abhängigkeit von dem identifizierten Lasttyp;
    - nach dem Empfang eines Umschaltbefehls Ausführen (1036) der gewählten Synchronisierungsstrategie, wobei dieses Ausführen das Messen von wenigstens einer elektrischen Größe zwischen Versorgungsanschlüssen der elektrischen Last (2) beinhaltet, um einen Umschaltzustand zu detektieren, welcher der gewählten Synchronisierungsstrategie entspricht;
    - Auslösen (1038) der Umschaltung des Relais (4), wenn ein dieser Umschaltstrategie entsprechender Umschaltzustand auf Basis der wenigstens einen gemessenen elektrischen Größe identifiziert wird, wobei die Auslösung der Umschaltung des Relais wenigstens vorläufig unterdrückt wird, solang kein dieser Umschaltstrategie entsprechender Umschaltzustand identifiziert wird.
  10. Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Logikstufe (7) eine Funkkommunikationsschnittstelle (73) umfasst, die dafür eingerichtet ist, mit einer Funkantenne (731) verbunden zu werden, wobei die Funkantenne (731) außerhalb eines Gehäuses der Vorrichtung (1) angeordnet ist und mit der Schnittstelle (73) verbunden ist.
  11. Elektrische Anordnung, umfassend eine elektrische Last (2), eine Stromversorgungsquelle (3), die imstande ist, eine elektrische Versorgungsspannung zu liefern, und eine Vorrichtung (1) zum Unterbrechen eines elektrischen Stroms, wobei die Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) zwischen die elektrische Last (2) und die Stromversorgungsquelle (3) geschaltet ist und zu diesem Zweck ein steuerbares Relais (4) umfasst, dessen trennbare elektrische Kontakte (41) die Versorgungsanschlüsse der elektrischen Last (2) selektiv mit der Quelle (3) verbinden oder sie abwechselnd von der Quelle (3) isolieren, wobei die elektrische Anordnung dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Unterbrechungsvorrichtung (1) einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche entspricht.
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CN109308977B (zh) 2022-08-05
CN109308977A (zh) 2019-02-05
US10825627B2 (en) 2020-11-03
US20190035584A1 (en) 2019-01-31
ES2798754T3 (es) 2020-12-14
FR3069698B1 (fr) 2019-08-16
FR3069698A1 (fr) 2019-02-01
EP3435396A1 (de) 2019-01-30

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