EP3387198B1 - Air dome with windows - Google Patents

Description

Air domes offer striking advantages for various applications, namely as roofing for outdoor swimming pools, as tennis halls, warehouses, commercial halls and temporary halls for events of all kinds. They consist of a dome-shaped shell made of a textile-reinforced plastic membrane, which is anchored to the ground at its edges and there are sealed against the spanned interior. With air blowers, an overpressure is generated inside compared to the atmosphere, which inflates the membrane and keeps it stable in this position. Only a small and imperceptible pressure difference to the atmosphere is necessary for this, because only the weight of the membrane and any wind and snow loads have to be borne. This usually corresponds to a load of approx. 25 to 35 kg/m ² . So that the air does not escape when entering or leaving the air dome, the entrances are designed with sealing 4-wing revolving doors (carousel doors) or locks. A distinction is made between single-layer and multi-layer membrane casings, with each layer taking on a special function. The outer shell usually consists of a fabric-reinforced plastic membrane of the highest quality, mostly translucent. The outer shell is the actual static membrane, which has to absorb wind and snow loads and is impregnated against UV radiation and dirt. The one- to multi-layer intermediate layers with enclosed air pockets are installed primarily as insulation layers. They are intended to improve the heat transfer value of the hall in the direction of insulation. The innermost membrane forms the end of the two- to multi-layer air envelopes. It is designed in white for light reflection. For tennis halls, a darker color (e.g. green or blue) is usually chosen up to a height of at least 3m so that the tennis balls are easier to see for the tennis players. As so-called temporary structures or movable structures, air domes fall under a special category DIN standard. They can be easily dismantled and relocated when needed, unlike a permanent structure.

A serious disadvantage of such air domes is the generally poor thermal insulation and thus high energy consumption for heating. The Swiss conference of cantonal energy authorities therefore developed a recommendation EN-8 for heated air domes (December 2007) with the following statements: Existing sports facilities such as open-air pools or tennis courts can be covered with a relatively inexpensive, "mobile" air dome from autumn to spring so that they can be used all year round are usable. Structures covered with membrane roofs have a high energy consumption, which is why these recommendations for such structures have been developed. In the following, the air domes for open-air pools are discussed in more detail, since the higher heat requirement is more important here than with roofed tennis courts. An air dome made of foil material for covering a swimming pool with a length of 58 m and a width of 28 m, for example, cost around CHF ½ million in CH-Schaffhausen. The heating costs make up about 1/6 of the construction costs, ie they made up CHF 81,000 for winter 2004/2005 and CHF 86,000 for winter 2005/2006 with a 2x2 layered membrane, the heat requirement and thus the costs for the natural gas should be reduced by about 30%.

As early as March 1993, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) published the brochure "Efficient use of energy in indoor swimming pools" with the following key figures related to the cubature or EBF, and it gave the consumption values for 1993 renovated and newly built pools with conventional, fixed building envelope. These values include the sum of heat (mostly fossil fuels) and electricity (including water treatment, ventilation, lighting, cloakroom ventilation, ...) that were required for these buildings. bath water surface (m ² ) 1993 renovated bathrooms (MJ/m ² a) Bathrooms built in 1993 (MJ/m ² a) small 200-300 1'300 1100 medium Approx 00 1'100 900 big Over 1,000 1'000 800

Seit 1993 war die wichtigste Änderung die Norm SIA 380/1 (Ausgabe 2001), mit der eine separate Kategorie "Hallenbäder" unter Berücksichtigung der hohen Innentemperatur von 28 °C eingeführt wurde. Für einen Einzelbauteilnachweis ergaben sich Anforderungen von U_Dach,Wand = 0,18 W/m²K und UFenster = 1,0 W/m²K (Klima Zürich, ohne Berücksichtigung des Höchstanteils, MuKEn Modul 2). Neuere Verbrauchszahlen sind nicht vorhanden. Heute ist davon auszugehen, dass bei neuen Bädern die Verbrauchszahlen mehr als halbiert werden können. Die Kennzahlen für Wärme und Strom sind separat auszuweisen und nicht - wie in der obigen Tabelle - ungewichtet zu addieren.In new buildings, the ratio of heat to electricity is about 1:1. For example, the indoor swimming pool in Uster, Switzerland, renovated in 1988, shows the following summands: $${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{warmth}}479\mathrm{MJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^3\mathrm{a}+{\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{electricity}}587\mathrm{MJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^3\mathrm{a}={\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{Total}}{1}^{\prime }066\mathrm{MJ}/{\mathrm{m}}^2\mathrm{a}$$

Since 1993, the most important change was the SIA 380/1 standard (2001 edition), which introduced a separate category "indoor pools" taking into account the high indoor temperature of 28 °C. For an individual component verification, the requirements were U _{roof, wall} = 0.18 W/m ² K and U window = 1.0 W/m ² K (Klima Zurich, without taking into account the maximum proportion, MuKEn module 2). More recent consumption figures are not available. Today it can be assumed that the consumption figures for new bathrooms can be more than halved. The key figures for heat and electricity are to be shown separately and not - as in the table above - to be added unweighted.

An energetic consideration for open-air pools with air dome roofing shows the following: A crucial component is the membrane of the air dome. With the current state of the art, the roof can be constructed with 2x2 membranes, which results in ^{a U-value of around 1.1 W/m 2 K.} There are also 3 or only 2-layer membrane roofs with a significantly poorer U-value (3-layer approx. 1.9 W/m ² K). When it comes to covering a swimming pool, the additional price for the best construction definitely makes sense in view of the high follow-up costs due to energy consumption. On the other hand, a certain permeability of the film for solar radiation is to be rated positively. The g-value is estimated to be 0.1 (0.07 to 0.2). It must also be taken into account that the components in the ground also cause heat to be dissipated. In an indoor swimming pool, these components are well insulated. If an existing open-air pool is only covered over for the winter, these components are rarely insulated. To reduce the heat loss into the ground, perimeter insulation approx. 1 m deep is to be integrated into the concrete foundation 23 between the two anchorings of the membrane. This can reduce the heat dissipation into the ground (calculation see standard EN 13370).

The following is a comparison of the heat requirements for different film structures for the roofing of an open-air swimming pool in Schaffhausen, Switzerland, with a g-value of 0.1: Foil size 64 m× 30m 2-layer foil U = 2.7W/m ² K 3-layer foil U = 2.7W/m ² K 2x2-layer foil U = 2.7W/m ² K Heat requirement foil cover 2,500 MJ / m ² a 2,000 MJ / m ² a 1,500 MJ / m ² a Pure heat output requirement at outside - 8°C and inside +28°C (without ventilation) 200kW 140kW 80kW As a result, this means that even with a 3-layer membrane (U-value approx. 1.9 W/m ² K) the energy requirement is around 2,000 MJ/m ² a. This consumption is about four times higher than for a medium-sized indoor pool built in 1993. The applicable requirements for thermal insulation according to SIA 38011 (2001 edition) of approx. 300 MJ/m ² a can therefore not be met by a factor of 5 to 6 with a conventional air dome. (Calculations: Ingenieurbüro R. Mäder, CH-Schaffhausen, on behalf of the EnFK.) The operating experience of the pool in Schaffhausen confirms these high consumption values, as the evaluation of the consumption data from 2004 to 2006 by the engineering office Mäder showed. A comparison of the annual costs for a typical hall of 35 mx 35 m was drawn up for sports halls with less stringent room temperature requirements. This shows that the additional costs for a 2x2-layer membrane can usually be amortized with the lower heating costs alone, even at the lower internal temperatures, as shown in the table below for a tennis hall of 35m x 35m with 2 courts: Foil size 40m × 40m 2-layer foil U = 2.8W/m ² K 3-layer foil U = 1.70W/m ² K 2x2-layer foil U = 1.10W/m ² K Heat requirement foil cover 570 MJ / m ² a 330 MJ / m ² a 200 MJ / m ² a Pure heat output requirement at outside - 8°C and inside +16°C (without ventilation) 110kW 70kW 50kW In summary, it can be stated that sports facilities currently covered with air domes cannot meet the requirements for the thermal insulation of the building envelope. In particular, the roofing of an open-air pool with an air dome leads to very high energy consumption, which is more than four to five times higher than for a "normal" indoor pool.

US 4,307,554 A (MORRISON ALISTAIR J ET AL ), published on December 29, 1981, turns out to be the closest prior art. This document discloses an air dome with at least one membrane made of plastic sheet material, as in Figures 5 and 6 shown, with this air dome enclosing a flat front and back, which is enclosed by an approximately circular frame profile, so that these approximately circular front and rear sides form a secant of their approximately circular shape on the ground. The frame constructions of the front and back are connected with a barrel-like vault made of a flexible, airborne membrane. A door and window front made of one or more solid panels is built into the frame construction. This door and window front is arranged within the frame construction and occupies part of it, while a membrane adjoins the outer edge of the doors and windows and extends to the edge of the frame construction (FIG. 7a). This outer membrane is cut out around the doors and windows and its outer edge is held in the grooves or pockets in the profile of the framework (col. 9, lines 50ff). In a first embodiment, in which the membrane is intended to remain permanently in place, a purpose-built airlock is positioned where a doorway or large full-height window is intended in the final structure, and the flaps associated with the mother membrane are attached Moldings nailed around the inner airlock door frame. In this way, an air transition section is formed. An assembler then enters the airlock and cuts an oval hole in the membrane through which entry is made. In a second embodiment, since the membrane is to be removed for reuse, it is more practical to insert the sluice into an entry shaft ( figure 3 ) to be installed, through which the building technology can finally be routed. Although the airlock facilitates personnel access to the inflated structure, construction materials and components such as window and door frames and formwork cannot be passed through the airlock due to its limited size (col. 6, lines 11 to 29). In any case, this building is erected by first erecting the two frame constructions in an inherently stable manner, and only then can the membrane be attached to these two frame constructions and then raised to a barrel-shaped vault by blowing in air and increasing the internal pressure.

WO 2009/073000 A1 (IPD SALES & MARKETING LLC [US]; FRAIOLI DONATO M [US]; KOGAN ALEX [US]), published June 11, 2009, shows a sidewall system for an airborne structure erected on a foundation. The structure includes a fabric which, when air is pumped underneath, rises above the foundation and forms a roof for the structure. The system consists of a multitude of panels distributed around a perimeter of the structure. A lower end of each of these panels is fixed to the foundation and movable relative thereto. The fabric is attached to the opposite end of each panel. Each panel is attached to the foundation with an anchor so that when air lifts the roof off the foundation, the panel can be lifted up from the foundation. An outer edge of the fabric is attached to the opposite end of each panel to allow the fabric to lift the panels off the foundation when the fabric is lifted by air being pumped beneath it to raise the roof of the structure.

US 3,277,615 A (MARQUEZ DANNY C ), published October 11, 1966; discloses a special foundation for an air dome into which the membrane equipped with a keder can be anchored.

DE 14 75 102 B1 (PERALT ANSTALT [DE]), published on September 11, 1969, shows a connection between a flexible web and a solid or rigid object, for example for air domes. It is primarily about anchoring the membrane in the ground or on the side in a special foundation.

DE 22 42 286 AI (KNITTAX STEINHOF VERTRIEBSGESE), published on March 21, discloses an air dome, in particular a tennis hall, made of more than two foils lying one on top of the other, between which there is an air cushion.

EP 0 091 494 A1 (HUENNEBECK GMBH [DE], published on October 19, 1983 discloses a groove profile for tent constructions. Two pairs of undercut grooves, each lying in one plane and opening in opposite directions, are formed on a base body. There is also a further undercut groove in the base body, the opening of which is at an angle to the openings of the other grooves.Tent sheets with intersecting planes, for example planes running at right angles to one another, can then be hung in the groove profile so that the tent sheets do not have to be angled.

DE 296 18 340 U1 (LIENHOP PLANEN ZELTE TEXTIELS [DE], published on February 13, 1997, shows a frame element with a flexible covering and a structure made of such frame elements. These frame elements are covered with PVT fabric and can be provided with transparent film windows in certain areas. The fabric and the transparent film windows are clamped in the frame. These frame elements are built into permanent buildings, or also into year-round tents, protective roofs, canopies, awnings, balcony partitions, etc. An air dome is not mentioned. None of these documents and the methods disclosed therein shows or suggests an air dome with a window front that can be erected solely by blowing in air.

Against the background of this state of the art, the object of the present invention is to at least partially flood an air dome with daylight in order to create an ambience inside the air dome and an atmospheric and visible connection with the outside world that is greater than previously known, firstly as required window fronts that reach down to the lower edge and, secondly, if necessary, should offer window fronts that extend over the entire length or width of the air dome. This air dome should be able to be erected more quickly and with far less manpower than before, and it should be dismantled just as quickly and easily if necessary and easily transported and stored. Another object of the invention is to improve the acoustics inside the air dome with a special design of this air dome and thereby create a more pleasant atmosphere. And finally, it is an object of the invention to specify such an air dome with significantly better thermal insulation so that it can meet the applicable requirements for the thermal insulation of a building shell.

This object is achieved by an air dome with at least one membrane made of plastic film material, enclosing a frame construction which is connected to the adjacent membrane material and in this frame construction a window front made of at least one transparent or translucent film or a solid or flexible one of the same type Plate is installed, and is characterized in that the membrane and the built-in frame structure with window front are erected together solely by blowing air.

In the drawings, exemplary embodiments of such air domes are shown and they are described below with reference to these drawings, their structure is explained and their effect is explained.

Figur 1:

Ein innenseitig isoliertes Streifenfundament aus Beton mit einem eingegossenen Verbindungsprofil als Ankerschiene;

Figur 2:

Ein Membran-Streifen der aufzubauenden Membran von einer Hallenseite auf die andere reichend;

Figur 3:

Ein Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Figur 2, zum Aufzeigen, wie zwei Membran-Streifen längs ihrer Länge miteinander mit einem Profil auf der Aussenseite verbunden werden;

Figur 4:

Ein Schnitt längs der Linie A-A in Figur 2, zum Aufzeigen, wie zwei Membran-Streifen längs ihrer Länge miteinander mit einem Profil auf der Innenseite verbunden werden;

Figur 5:

Den an den Boden reichenden End-Abschnitt eines Membranstreifens in einem Längsschnitt dargestellt;

Figur 6:

Die Überlappung zweier Membran-Streifen längs ihrer Längsränder;

Figur 7:

Den Aufbau einer Halle mittels aneinander gereihter Membranstreifen mit deren Längsrändern miteinander verbunden mittels je eines Keders und zugehörigem Verbindungsprofil, schematisch dargestellt;

Figur 8:

Ein Verbindungsprofil für zwei längs des Längsrandes einer Folienbahn verlaufenden Kedern;

Figur 9:

Das Einschweissen eines Keders in den Randbereich eines Membranstreifens;

Figur 10:

Das Verbinden eines Keders, der von einem Folienabschnitt umfasst wird, durch Anschweissen dieses Abschnittes am Rand des Membranstreifens;

Figur 11:

Die Verbindung zweier Membranstreifen mit je einem Keder längs ihres Längsrandes mittels eines Verbindungsprofiles nach Figur 8;

Figur 12:

Die Verbindung zweier Membranbahnen längs ihrer Längsränder, mittels eines Verbindungsprofiles und einem einzigen Keder befestigt, nur am einen der beiden Membranränder;

Figur 13:

Eine Traglufthalle im Querschnitt, mit quer zur Blickrichtung verlaufenden Folienbahnen und den Verbindungsprofilen für den Keder, zum Verbinden zweier benachbarter Folienbahnen;

Figur 14:

Zwei miteinander zu verbindende 2-lagige Membranbahnen, beim Einführen einer Wärmereflexions-Matte;

Figur 15:

Das Einschieben einer Wärmereflexions-Matte in eine 2-lagige Membranbahn vergrößert dargestellt, und die benachbarte 2-lagige Membranbahn mit einem über die beiden Keder zu schiebenden Verbindungsprofil;

Figur 16:

Die eine Frontseite einer Traglufthalle, das heisst längs der Tennisfelder verlaufend, als luftgestützte Tennishalle für zwei Tennisplätze in einem Aufriss;

Figur 17:

Die Frontwandkonstruktion mit der eingesetzten Folienbahn vor dem anschließenden Aufblasen der Traglufthalle;

Figur 18:

Eine Längsansicht der Traglufthalle nach erfolgtem Aufblasen;

Figur 19:

Diese Traglufthalle nach den Figuren 16 bis 18 in einem Grundriss gesehen, mit den Feldlinien der beiden Tennisplätze auf ihrem Boden;

Figur 20:

Eine Traglufthalle für drei Tennisfelder in einer Front-Ansicht;

Figur 21:

Den Grundriss der Traglufthalle nach Figur 20, mit drei Tennisfeldern auf ihrem Boden eingezeichnet;

Figur 22:

Die eine Front- oder Rückseite einer Traglufthalle, das heisst längs der Längsseite der Tennisfelder verlaufend, nach dem gleichen Konstruktionsprinzip, in einem Aufriss;

Figur 23:

Eine Traglufthalle für drei Tennisfelder in einer Vogelperspektive dargestellt;

Figur 24:

Den Grundriss einer weiteren Ausführung einer Tennis-Traglufthalle, für zwei Tennisfelder;

Figur 25:

Die Längsseite dieser Traglufthalle nach den Figuren 16 bis 19, das heißt längs der Kopfseiten der Tennisfelder verlaufend, mit ab dem Boden 3.5 Meter hoher Fensterfront, in einem Aufriss dargestellt, mit eingezeichneten Tennisnetzen;

Figur 26:

Diese Traglufthalle nach den Figuren 16 bis 19 in einer Ansicht auf eine ihre Frontseiten, die längs der Längsseiten der Tennisfelder verlaufen, mit Fenstern;

Figur 27:

Eine perspektivische Ansicht dieser Traglufthalle mit Fenstern, über die zwei Tennisplätze gesehen;

Figur 28:

Eine perspektivische Ansicht aus dem Innern dieser Traglufthalle, über einen Tennisplatz nach aussen gesehen, gegen eine Ecke hin.

It shows:

Figure 1:

A strip foundation made of concrete, insulated on the inside, with a cast-in connection profile as an anchor rail;

Figure 2:

A membrane strip of the membrane to be built reaching from one side of the hall to the other;

Figure 3:

A section along line AA in figure 2 , showing how two membrane strips are joined together along their length with a profile on the outside;

Figure 4:

A section along line AA in figure 2 , showing how two membrane strips are joined together along their length with a profile on the inside;

Figure 5:

The bottom-reaching end portion of a membrane strip shown in a longitudinal section;

Figure 6:

The overlapping of two strips of membrane along their longitudinal edges;

Figure 7:

The structure of a hall by means of membrane strips lined up next to each other with their longitudinal edges connected to one another by means of a welt and associated connecting profile, shown schematically;

Figure 8:

A connecting profile for two welts running along the longitudinal edge of a sheet of film;

Figure 9:

Welding a welt into the edge area of a membrane strip;

Figure 10:

The connection of a welt, which is encompassed by a foil section, by welding this section to the edge of the membrane strip;

Figure 11:

The connection of two membrane strips, each with a welt along their longitudinal edge, by means of a connecting profile figure 8 ;

Figure 12:

The connection of two membrane sheets along their longitudinal edges, fixed by means of a connecting profile and a single welt, only on one of the two membrane edges;

Figure 13:

A cross-section of an air dome, with foil strips running transversely to the direction of view and the connection profiles for the keder, for connecting two adjacent foil strips;

Figure 14:

Two 2-layer membrane webs to be connected with each other, when inserting a heat reflection mat;

Figure 15:

The insertion of a heat reflection mat into a 2-layer membrane is shown enlarged, and the adjacent 2-layer membrane with a connecting profile to be pushed over the two welts;

Figure 16:

One front side of an air dome, i.e. running along the tennis courts, as an air-supported tennis hall for two tennis courts in one elevation;

Figure 17:

The front wall construction with the inserted sheet of foil before the subsequent inflation of the air dome;

Figure 18:

A longitudinal view of the air dome after inflation;

Figure 19:

This air dome after the Figures 16 to 18 seen in plan, with the field lines of the two tennis courts on their bottom;

Figure 20:

An air dome for three tennis courts in a front view;

Figure 21:

Follow the floor plan of the air dome figure 20 , with three tennis courts inscribed on its floor;

Figure 22:

The front or back of an air dome, i.e. running along the long side of the tennis courts, according to the same construction principle, in an elevation;

Figure 23:

A bird's-eye view of an air dome for three tennis courts;

Figure 24:

The floor plan of another version of a tennis air dome, for two tennis courts;

Figure 25:

The long side of this air dome after the Figures 16 to 19 , i.e. running along the ends of the tennis courts, with a window front 3.5 meters high from the ground, shown in elevation, with tennis nets drawn in;

Figure 26:

This air dome after the Figures 16 to 19 in a view of one of its front sides, which run along the long sides of the tennis courts, with windows;

Figure 27:

A perspective view of this air dome with windows looking across the two tennis courts;

Figure 28:

A perspective view of the inside of this air dome looking out across a tennis court towards a corner.

In conventional air domes, the membrane to be supported by air pressure is welded together airtight and firmly from several membrane strips overlapping at the edge to form a 2-3-part membrane. The 2-3 membrane parts are screwed together using clamping plates. The screwed-together membrane is then connected to foundations or ground anchors all around with its edge. This membrane of a conventional air dome forms a continuous, smooth surface on the inside and outside and it is not possible to do anything on the inside fasten, except by means of an adhesive. This also makes it impossible to apply conventional thermal insulation.

Advantageously, the air domes according to the invention have very special equipment for retaining their heat inside the air dome. Their foils or membranes are equipped with a heat- reflecting material for thermal building insulation. For this purpose, this heat- reflecting material is inserted in the form of mats, which are cut to size from a roll, on the inside of the membrane, for example in matrix-like, flat pockets that are welded onto the membrane. After inserting the heat reflection mats, the bags are closed as airtight as possible, for example by means of a weld or a zipper. As a result, the entire membrane is almost completely covered by these heat reflection mats, which are invisibly stuck in the pockets.

At the same time, the membranes are advantageously constructed in a new way compared to those of conventional air domes, namely from several membrane strips which are connected to one another along their long sides by means of piping and piping connection profiles to form a whole membrane. First of all, this is faster, requires far less staff and also offers the advantage that the membrane can be easily dismantled again, so that the air dome can also be dismantled, moved and reassembled elsewhere much more easily. The individual foil webs are equipped with special pockets for insertion, as will be shown and explained later.

To create such an air dome, a strip foundation 23 made of concrete running around the hall is simply erected, which runs lengthwise around the air dome to be created. These concrete elements can be embedded in a prepared trench in successive sections. A Halfen rail 26 is fastened to this strip foundation 23 and is welded to an anchor steel 27 cast into the concrete, as shown in FIG figure 1 shown. The membrane strips 8, which then reach down to the ground, are inserted with their end piping 5 from the front or end side into the receiving groove 30 of this anchoring profile 22, as shown by the arrow. This creates a traction and airtight connection. The individual membrane strips 8 are connected to one another along their longitudinal edges, which are also equipped with welts, by means of a number of connecting profiles, so that a complete membrane is formed from a large number of such membrane strips 8 lying next to one another. The anchor profiles 22 are specially designed so that they can be inserted into the open-topped HALFEN rails 26 with a pivoting movement, as this pivoting movement is indicated by arrows inside the HALFEN rail 26 . Finally, the two lower shoulders 28 of the anchor profile 22 hang on the undersides of the two wings 29 of the Halfen rail 26 . A slight overpressure relative to the atmosphere is then generated by means of one or more blowers. Due to this overpressure, the membrane rises towards the top and is inflated and held stable in this position by the slight overpressure. In the process, the membrane is tightly clamped in relation to the concrete strip foundation 23, to which the membrane is connected in a traction-locked manner.

In figure 2 a single membrane strip 8 is shown in a position as if it were installed in a hall membrane. So it stretches from the ground over the zenith of the hall to the ground on the other side. Thus, for example, it measures 42 meters in length if it is to span the length of a tennis court. Its width measures approx. 3 to 5 meters depending on the version. It is double-layered and thus forms a pocket. A heat-reflection mat is inserted into this pocket, such as will be described in more detail later. Such mats are roll material that is available in widths of 2.5 meters, for example, with a thickness of approx. 25mm. A strip 2.5m x 42m in length can be placed in the pocket of a membrane strip, or two such heat reflective mats, slightly overlapping along their longitudinal edge, can be slid into its pocket along the full length of the membrane strip. For this purpose, the double-layer membrane strip is welded on three sides, and one long side is initially left open so that a pocket is formed. This allows a strip of heat-reflecting foil to be inserted over the entire length of the membrane strip. The opening of the pocket in the membrane strip is then welded so that the membrane strip is tightly closed all around, and then several membrane strips are connected to one another by means of connecting profiles with the piping present along their edges.

the figure 3 shows a cross section at point AA of the membrane strip 8, from which it can be seen that the two strips 8 overlap along their longitudinal edge, so that a heat-reflecting film always extends continuously between the inside and outside over the assembled membrane strips. In figure 3 one can see that on the membrane strip 8 on the left here, a piping 5 with a foil section 6 is welded on top. The membrane strip 8 on the right lies with its longitudinal edge over the longitudinal edge of the membrane strip 8 on the left. Its edge ends in a section 7, which is guided over the welt 5 and around it. After that, a connecting profile 1 is pushed over the piping 5, and thus a tensile connection is created transversely between these two membrane strips 8. The heat reflection mats 13 can be seen inside the two membrane strips 8. These overlap slightly, although they are in different pockets. But this creates a continuous heat reflection layer across the connection of the two membrane strips 8, and it is avoided that a cold bridge or heat bridge arises. The membrane strip 8 directly forms the outer membrane, made of a material as is conventional for the requirements of an outer ^{membrane, and weighs around 1} kg/m 2 , and the inner membrane could in principle be made thinner. But because it lies on the ground during the construction of the hall, it must be at least tear-resistant enough, with a weight of around 500 to 600 grams/m ² . It is impregnated to prevent fungal and mildew growth and both membranes are also impregnated to repel dirt, as is traditional practice. A pocket for the heat reflection mat 13 is formed between these two membranes.

In figure 4 basically the same thing is shown, except that here the piping is directed downwards, i.e. towards the interior of the hall, and the connecting profiles are attached to the underside of the inner membrane. These profiles can be specially designed with a groove on their lower side, in which, for example, lighting fixtures, nets, partitions, curtains, etc. can be hung. Advantageously, the inner membranes are perforated, which means that efficient noise protection is achieved. The sound that is generated by hitting the ball in indoor tennis courts, for example, or the sound in swimming pools, where it is regularly loud, is effectively broken on the perforated inner membrane and a far more pleasant sound climate is achieved.

the figure 5 shows the section along the line BB in figure 2 . The double-layer membrane strip 8 is brought together at the lower section directed towards the ground and thus ends in a flat flap 24 . This is then folded on the inside of the hall and lies on the floor. A welt 5 welded on can be seen on the outside of the outer membrane 8. This serves to connect it to the ground. It is inserted into a profile that forms an anchor rail on a strip foundation.

the figure 6 shows an overlap in a perspective view. The membrane strip 8 on the left in the picture is overlapped by the membrane strip 8 on the right side of the picture. This membrane strip on the right ends in a single-layer film that is guided over the welt 5 and snugly encompasses it and extends a little further beyond the welt 5 . Prepared in this way, a connecting profile can be pushed over the piping 5.

the figure 7 Fig. 12 shows, in a schematic representation, a number of membrane strips 8 arranged one next to the other. For example, in a tennis hall, they advantageously extend along the tennis courts and thus span them transversely to the direction in which the tennis nets run on the courts.

In the following, the construction of a membrane from foil webs that can be releasably joined together is explained in an alternative embodiment. For this is in figure 8 first a possible keder connection profile 1 is shown. This is formed by an extruded aluminum profile, which forms a groove 4 as a piping frame 2 on each of its two longitudinal sides. In the example shown, each such piping mount 2 is formed by a tube which has a longitudinal slit or a groove 4 so that the tube circumference only extends by approximately 270°. The two openings or grooves 4 in the two piping mounts 2 are directed outwards away from one another, and the two tubes are connected to one another in one piece by a connecting web 3 . For the connection of two membrane strips 8, such connection profiles 1 are used, each with a length of approx. 30 cm to 50 cm.

The foil webs 8 with their pocket 12 that can be connected with such connecting profiles 1 are equipped with welts 5 along their longitudinal edges. For this purpose, these piping 5 are, for example, as in figure 9 shown as a one-piece plastic round profiles with a radially projecting extension 6 running. A two-layer film 8 is separated along its edge into two tabs 7 which enclose the extension 6 on both sides and are firmly welded to it. This creates a connection between the piping 5 and the film web 8 that is friction-locked. The edge of a film web 8 can also be welded onto just one side of the extension 6, in which case the introduction of force is then not entirely symmetrical.

Alternatively, a round rubber profile 11 can be used as a welt 5, which is surrounded by a foil 10, the foil 10 then ending in two edge sections 9, as in FIG figure 10 shown. These two edge sections 9 can accommodate a film web 8 with its pocket 12 along its longitudinal edge on both sides and they are firmly welded to the film web 8 on both sides with the edge area of the film web 8 . In this way, too, a tension-locked connection is produced transversely to the piping 5 .

In figure 11 a possibility of connecting two adjacent film webs 8 is shown, the longitudinal edges of which are each equipped with a piping 5. The connection profiles 1 are pushed in the longitudinal direction of the foil webs 8 over their piping 5, one after the other. The slits created between the individual connecting profiles 1 that follow one another also allow a membrane created in this way to be curved by a relatively small radius. The slots between the successive connecting profiles 1 can be closed by means of an elastic sealant. Ideally, the longest possible connection profile sections are used. Depending on the wall thickness of the profile, they can be bent by a radius that allows a whole membrane dome to be created from one side to the other with just a few profile sections. Such a film web 8 of a tennis hall, which spans the courts in the longitudinal direction, is approximately 42 m long. A few easily transportable connecting profile sections are sufficient, for example 3 x 14m long sections, or 4 x 10.5m or 6 x 7m long sections.

In figure 12 an alternative way of connecting two adjacent film webs 8 is shown. Here only the foil web 8 on the left in the picture is equipped with a welt 5 . The film web 8 on the right is wrapped with its longitudinal area around the piping 5 of the other film web 8 and then a connection profile 1 is over the order 90° upright piping as shown. This encompasses the welt 5 by more than approximately 270° and causes a frictional connection of the two foil webs 8 transversely to the welt 5. The individual connecting profiles 1 measure, for example, approximately 30 to 50 cm and can therefore be pushed open by a single fitter. Optionally, longer profile sections can also be used, up to the maximum transportable length.

In figure 13 you can see a tennis hall in cross section. The film webs 8 run transversely to the viewing direction and extend upwards from the ground, over the zenith of the ridge to the other side and there again to the ground. The connection profiles 1 are pushed in the longitudinal direction of the foil webs over their piping 5, one after the other. The slits created between the individual connecting profiles 1 following one another also allow the membrane to be curved by a relatively small radius. These slots can be sealed with an elastic sealant.

the figure 14 shows two foil webs 8, which are connected with connection profiles 1. The foil webs 8 are conventional textile-reinforced plastic foils, ideally 3 to 5 meters wide. They can be transported to the site in rolls, in lengths of 42m, for example, to form a full length of dome in one piece. If they are transported in shorter sections, they can be welded together on the building site in a conventional manner by slightly overlapping by a few cm to achieve the required length. These film webs 8 are now equipped with pockets 12 as a special feature. These pockets 12 extend across the width of the foil webs 8 between the welts 5, so they are approximately 3 m to 5 m wide, and they are slightly deeper than 1.5 m to 2.5 m, so that after inserting a 1.5 m or 2.5 m wide mat free edge is formed, which can be equipped with Velcro fasteners on the inside of the open side of the pockets. Below and on the side, the pockets are firmly welded to the film web 8 or riveted or glued to the same. Heat reflection mats 13 of the same dimensions are inserted into these pockets, ie mats 1.5 m to 2.5 m wide and 3 m to 5 m long. Of course, the pockets 12 and the heat reflection mats 13 to be inserted into them can also be made smaller.

These heat reflection mats are known, for example, as Lu.po.Therm B2+8 and are available from LSP GmbH, Gewerbering 1, A-5144 Handenberg. They are supplied in rolls with a width of 1.5m or 2.5m and can be cut from these rolls into sections 13, in this case to the respective width of the foil webs 8, while the pockets 12 are designed with their depth to the width of the rolls. These multi-layer heat reflection mats are available in designs up to 12cm thick. While thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose, wood wool, hemp or others are only able to insulate with a λ > 0.026 W/mK, such materials ignore the fact that the radiant heat in relation to the temperature accounts for a much larger proportion accounts for more than 90% of the heat loss, because T ⁴ = W/m ² . The higher the temperature, the more dramatic is the proportion of thermal radiation that ultimately leads to heat loss. Thermal protection is achieved in a cascading manner if the thermal reflection mat is designed in multiple layers, with a large number of cumulative interactions. In this way, these heat-reflecting materials achieve almost 100% reflection of the incoming radiant heat. Most of this is reflected back into the interior of the air dome. Conversely, in summer the sun's heat radiation is reflected and it stays pleasantly cool inside the air dome, which is particularly welcome when playing tennis. The technical specifications of these heat reflection mats are as follows: technical features power Harmonized technical specifications thermal insulation performance U = 0.10 W/m ² K Emissivity from 2.2.6 ETA-12/0080, valid until 07/25/2017 WLZ (Lambda) = 0.003 W/mk R = 10 m ² K / W Vapor barrier = 1st layer _Sd = 1500m EN12086 + EN13984 Open to diffusion from the 2nd layer S _d = 10m DIN 52615 reaction to fire Class E EN-13501-1 + A1 Infrared reflections 84%, 95%, 95%, 95% + 82% CUAP 12.01/12, appendix B+C Electro-smog shielding HF 40dB = 99.99% Near-field probe calibrated

These heat reflection mats are preferably installed in a 3 cm thick version in a tennis hall. They are welded all around, just for fixing, so not tight and tight. A grid perforation with T-end threads results in the diffusion-open outside. This means that dew point degassing is already installed. A suitable product is, for example, Lu.Po Therm B2+8 thermal insulation or any other mat with similar properties technical and mechanical properties in the field of heat reflection. Lu.Po Therm B2+8 is well suited because it is thin, simply bendable and flexible. Because these heat reflection mats are highly flexible, installing them in corners and contours is not a problem. They are not hygroscopic and therefore provide consistent reflective performance. Such an air dome is preferably built with a double-layered membrane with an insert of a heat-reflecting material for thermal building insulation in pockets 12 on the inside of the inner membrane. A multi-layer hybrid insulation mat with integrated, energy-efficient IR-reflecting aluminum foil is used as a heat reflection mat. Two to eight layers of absorption-reducing air cushion foil result in the convective distances due to the enclosed air in the nubs and thus an optimal convective effect. This reduces the transmission heat losses. The heat reflection mats 13 contain up to five layers of metalized foils for highly effective infrared reflection, with low intrinsic emissions. In addition, there is highly effective shielding against high-frequency radiation, waves and fields.

The fact that the heat reflection mats to be inserted are very light, with a specific weight of just 0.430 kg/m ^{2 ,} is also structurally attractive. In the case of an air dome for three tennis courts, with a membrane area of 2,324 m ^{2 ,} this results in an additional load totaling 999.32 kg, i.e. approx. one ton. Compared to the snow loads to be carried and the dead weight of the foils, this is almost negligible.

the figure 15 shows a film web 8 with a single pocket 12. A heat-reflection mat 13 is pushed into this on the open side, so that it completely fills the pocket 12. The opening of the pockets 12 can be equipped with zip fasteners 14 so that the pockets 12 can be closed almost airtight after the heat reflection mats 13 have been inserted. Instead of using zippers 14 to close the bags, they can also be welded airtight. On a film web 8, the pockets 12 are arranged in a row next to one another or in a matrix with several rows of pockets. Each is fitted with a heat reflection mat 13 in this way.

The air domes, which are equipped with such special heat reflection mats 13, which then cover practically the entire membrane surface inside or outside in pockets 12, achieve a far better overall U-value than before, namely below 1.0 W/m ² K. In addition to the heat reflection mats 13, special acoustic membranes can also be used as inner membranes, which are also pushed into the pockets 12. This allows the hall acoustics to be adapted to different floors and adjusted in such a way that they are perceived as pleasant. The inner membrane in the hall, perforated for this purpose, breaks up and in this case the noise. In tennis halls, the impact noise is largely absorbed. The result is much more pleasant acoustics than previously in indoor tennis courts.

The individual foil webs 8 can be connected by means of the connecting profiles 1 and their piping 5 along their longitudinal edges with a tensile force fit until the entire membrane is assembled in this way on the building site and lies on the ground. The connection profiles according to the type in figure 8 shown can be arranged both on the inside or on the outside of the membrane. The outer edges of the created membrane are then tightly connected to the floor or window frames. In any case, if the film webs 8 are connected in this manner with a sealing connection profiles 1 for piping 5, there are no clamping plate screw connections, which are comparatively much more complex to assemble.

the figure 16 shows an air dome for two tennis courts in a side view extending along the long sides of the tennis courts. As a special feature, it is constructed with a window front. This consists of a skeleton of window frame profiles 15 to 18 and is assembled on the construction site, with the bottom row being equipped with, for example, transparent plastic foils, so-called ETFE foils, which are equipped with piping seams all around and only in the Window frame profiles 15 to 18 must be inserted. As a variant, instead of ETFE foils, other transparent or translucent foils or similar rigid or flexible panels can be installed, which are preferably equipped with piping at their edges for assembly. Transparent or translucent foils, ie ETFE foils, plastic foils or membrane foils, which can bulge outwards, are suitable for movable or flexible window fronts. Instead of film material, however, transparent or translucent solid or flexible ones can also be used Plates are installed, such as glass plates, acrylic plates, acrylic multi-wall sheets, polycarbonate plates, polycarbonate multi-wall sheets or plates or multi-wall sheet slats made of polyester or Plexiglas. Finally, the window fronts can be provided with paneling made of wood materials, such as those in the form of slat roller blinds or in the form of pivoting or sliding window shutters, so that the window fronts can be covered on the outside as required. The height of the lowest row of windows here is around 5.2 meters, and the width of these windows is 5 meters. So they are almost square in shape. If further intermediate struts are used, it is also possible to equip them with shatterproof window glass. As the figure 17 shows, the two profile struts 18 are initially set steeply at the outer ends and left standing loose. The respective outermost sheet of film 8 of the assembled membrane is in turn fastened to them from the bottom upwards via a piping connection. From the upper end of these outermost profile struts 18, the film web 8 still runs loosely and rests on the floor in the middle, and at the other end it is again connected in the same way to the loose outermost profile 18 there. It extends here over almost 42 meters.

From the situation as in figure 17 shown, the membrane, which is otherwise anchored on both sides in a conventional manner in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing, is inflated by activating the fan and blowing air into the interior. She begins to swell and rise. The outer struts 25 gradually assume the positions shown in figure 18 and they are then firmly connected to the upper corners of the profile wall that is already in place and also anchored to the ground below, braced outwards as obliquely arranged struts 25 in order to absorb the increased internal pressure, as in figure 27 shown. Then the upper struts 19 as in figure 16 installed and as soon as the outer edges of the outermost foil webs 8 reach this height, these edges are fastened along the upper edges 19 of the profile front by inserting keder connection profiles. As a result, the membrane is gradually sealed better and better until it is fixed all around and sealingly with its edges on the floor or on the profile fronts 19 .

the figure 19 shows this tennis hall in a floor plan, with the two spanned tennis courts with their field markings 20 and nets 21 drawn in. The hall thus has a square floor plan with a side length of 36 meters. The window fronts extend along the long sides of the tennis courts, so that they are far less likely to be hit by balls than the transverse sides of the tennis courts.

In figure 20 a tennis hall for three tennis courts is shown. Again, the 36 meter long window front extends along the long sides of the tennis courts, as can be seen from the floor plan in figure 21 recognizes, and those sides of the air dome where the membrane reaches to the ground then measure 53.9 meters. the figure 22 shows the profile wall of this tennis hall with the formed windows 5 meters wide and 9 meters high, and in figure 23 this tennis hall is shown in a bird's eye view. Unlike traditional air domes, this dome features a barrel-shaped roof, rather than a single-zenith dome that extends steadily to the ground on all sides.

the figure 24 shows another version, here based on the floor plan. It is designed for two tennis courts and measures 36m x 36m. In figure 25 it is shown in a view from the side that runs along the head sides of the tennis courts, the nets 21 of the tennis courts being drawn inside the hall. On the left and right, this air dome has vertical 3.5 m high closing surfaces with windows, from the upper edge of which the membrane is attached to the profiles 16 with its piping. From profile 16, the membrane then rises obliquely up to the 9m high ridge. the figure 26 shows this air dome seen from a window front. The individual windows are 5m long and 3.5m high, and the outermost ones are approximately equilateral triangles, and the whole window front measures 36m in length.

the figure 27 shows this tennis hall in a perspective view and gives a better idea of the advantages such a window front offers for the ambiance. In the example shown, the frame for the window is braced outwards with the struts 25 arranged at an oblique angle in order to absorb the increased internal pressure. The fact that conventional air domes prevent optical communication with the outside world is often perceived as a serious disadvantage of such a tennis hall and is only reluctantly accepted by the public. A tennis air dome with a continuous window front on both sides is flooded with daylight and offers a incomparable playing atmosphere compared to a conventional tennis air dome. From the outside, the air dome appears lighter and stylistically more convincing, less voluminous and more dynamic. figure 28 finally shows the view from the inside across a tennis court to the outside.

1. 1. Enorm viel bessere Wärmedämmung der Traglufthalle durch Konvexion der Strahlungswärme an den Wärmereflexions-Matten.
2. 2. Stark verbesserte Geräuschdämmung erhöht das Wohlbefinden im Innern.
3. 3. Einseitige oder beidseitige durchgehende Fensterfronten lassen die Traglufthalle mit Tageslicht durchfluten, was die Ambiance entscheidend verbessert.
4. 4. Durch die einfache Handhabung mit in Verbindungsprofile 1 einschiebbaren Kedern 5 wird die Montage der Traglufthalle enorm erleichtert. Es ist dafür weit weniger Personal nötig, sowohl für den Aufbau wie auch für den Abbau. Statt 20 Monteuren kann die Arbeit von 4 Monteuren bewältigt werden. Die Montagezeit wird durch die einfache Handhabung deutlich verringert. Dadurch können Kosten eingespart werden.
5. 5. Die Bahnen bzw. Membranstreifen 8 der Traglufthalle können im Frühling leicht abgebaut werden und auf Rollen aufgerollt werden und werden dadurch sehr einfach lagerbar im Vergleich zu einer herkömmlichen Traglufthalle.
6. 6. Die Montage erfordert keine speziellen Werkzeuge. Die Verbindungsprofile können von Hand über die Keder geschoben werden. Zu verschraubende Klemmplatten erübrigen sich.
7. 7. Die Streifen-Fundamente 23 können werkseitig als Fertigbeton-Elemente hergestellt und mit eingelegten Ankerschienen und vorbereiteten Isolationsanschlüssen komplett fertig auf die Baustelle transportiert und dort verlegt werden.
8. 8. Die Streifen-Fundamente sind mit Verbindungsprofilen 1 als Ankerprofilschienen 22 ausgerüstet, sodass für die Bodenbefestigung der Folienbahnen 8 bloss noch deren endseitige Keder 5 in die Verbindungsprofile 1 eingeschoben werden müssen.
9. 9. Vor Ort sind keine Betonarbeiten mehr nötig.

In summary, such an air dome offers a whole range of impressive technical advantages over conventional constructions.

1. 1. Enormously better thermal insulation of the air dome due to the convection of the radiant heat on the heat reflection mats.
2. 2. Greatly improved noise insulation increases the feeling of well-being inside.
3. 3. One-sided or two-sided continuous window fronts allow the air dome to be flooded with daylight, which decisively improves the ambiance.
4. 4 . Due to the simple handling with piping 5 that can be pushed into the connection profile 1 , the assembly of the air dome is made much easier . Far fewer personnel are required for this, both for assembly and for dismantling. Instead of 20 fitters, the work can be done by 4 fitters. The assembly time is significantly reduced due to the easy handling. This can save costs.
5. 5. The webs or membrane strips 8 of the air dome can be easily dismantled in the spring and rolled up on rolls and are therefore very easy to store compared to a conventional air dome.
6. 6. Assembly requires no special tools . The connecting profiles can be pushed over the piping by hand. There is no need for clamping plates to be screwed on.
7. 7. The strip foundations 23 can be manufactured in the factory as ready- made concrete elements and, with the anchor rails inserted and the prepared insulation connections, completely finished, they can be transported to the construction site and laid there.
8. 8. The strip foundations are equipped with connecting profiles 1 as anchor profile rails 22, so that the end piping 5 of the foil webs 8 only has to be pushed into the connecting profiles 1 for the floor attachment of the foil webs 8 .
9. 9. Concrete work is no longer necessary on site.

number index

1

Connection profile for piping

2

Tubes for forming grooves

3

connecting bridge

4

Longitudinal slot in the connection profile 1

5

piping

6

piping extensions

7

flaps at the edge of the foil

8th

film web

9

Edge sections of the foil 10 around the rubber profile 11

10

Foil connected to rubber profile 11

11

Rubber round profile

12

Pocket on film web 8

13

Heat Reflection Mat

14

Velcro to close the pocket 12

15

Frame profile on the window below

16

Frame profile on the window above

17

Frame profile vertical on the window

18

Oblique frame profile at the outer end

19

Top struts along the membrane

20

Field lines tennis court

21

tennis net

22

anchoring profile

23

Concrete foundation strips

24

end flap membrane strips

25

Struts to absorb the internal pressure on the window front

26

half rail

27

Anchor steel in concrete foundation strips

28

Wings on the Halfen rail

29

Shoulders on anchoring profile 22

30

Mounting groove on anchoring profile 22

Claims (15)

1. Air dome with at least one membrane of plastic film material, wherein it has a frame construction (15, 16, 17, 18) which is connected to the adjacent membrane material, and a window front of at least one transparent or translucent film or of an equally rigid or flexible plate is installed in this frame construction (15, 16, 17, 18), characterized in that the membrane and the frame construction with window front installed therein can be erected together solely by blowing in air.
2. Air dome according to claim 1, characterized in that the windows installed in a frame construction form a window front which extends from the lower edge of the air dome over a height of several meters and which can be executed in its length over the entire longitudinal or transverse side of the air dome.
3. Air dome according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transparent or translucent sheet is an ETFE sheet (Ethylen-Tetrafluor-Ethylen), a plastic sheet or a membrane sheet, or the transparent or translucent rigid or flexible sheet is a glass sheet, an acrylic sheet, an acrylic web sheet, a polycarbonate sheet, a polycarbonate web sheet, or a sheet or web sheet of polyester or Plexiglas, and that the frame structure (15, 16, 17, 18) is braced against the outside by means of struts (25) arranged at an oblique angle.
4. Air dome according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises on at least one longitudinal or transverse side a frame construction with a frame profile (15) along a strip foundation (23), at least one horizontal frame profile (16) extending above it with a groove on its upper side, for the insertion of a keder (5) of an upper adjoining foil web (8), and a groove on its lower side for the insertion of the keder (5) on a lower adjoining transparent or translucent foil or an equally rigid or flexible plate as well as with vertical frame profiles (17) as struts, with grooves on both sides for the insertion of the piping (5) on the lateral edges of the transparent or translucent foil or the same fixed or flexible panel, and that on both end sides of the window front thus erected obliquely arranged support struts (18) are installed, with grooves on both sides for the insertion of the piping (5) of the internally adjoining window foil and the externally adjoining foil web (8).
5. Air dome according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that several membrane strips (8) are connected along their longitudinal edges via at least one keder with a keder connecting profile (1) with a keder fitting profile in a tension-locking manner to form a membrane.
6. Air dome according to claim 5, characterized in that the membrane forms a dome or a barrel-shaped roof, or that the plurality of membrane strips (8) for the inside of the air dome are perforated for causing sound refraction and thus improving the sound acoustics inside the dome.
7. Air dome according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that an outer and an inner membrane are constructed from membrane strips (8), each of which is designed in double layers, one layer forming the outer membrane and the other layer forming the inner membrane, these membranes being welded all around and being equipped with a piping on at least one longitudinal side, so that a plurality of membrane strips (8) are connected along their longitudinal side in a tension-locking manner by means of a keder connecting profile (1) comprising the keder with a keder-setting profile, and the edge region of the adjoining membrane strip (8) encloses this keder (5) in an overlapping manner, one or more keder connecting profiles (1) with a keder setting being pushed over the keder (5).
8. Air dome according to one of the claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the membrane strips (8) have in their end regions, 50 cm to 100 cm from the end, a keder (5) running transversely to the membrane strip (8), by means of which they are anchored to an anchor rail (22) with keder connecting profile with keder setting profile, and the flap (24) formed between the keder (5) and the end of the membrane strip (8) is folded over inwards into the hall onto the floor.
9. Air dome according to one of the claims 7 to 8, characterized in that the double-layered membrane strips (8) each form a pocket in which one or more heat reflection mats (13) are inserted to fill the pocket.
10. Air dome according to claim 9, characterized in that the outer and inner membranes are composed of membrane strips (8) which overlap to some extent along their longitudinal edges, so that the heat-reflecting mats (13) inserted therein also overlap to some extent and the dome, insofar as it consists of the membrane strips (8), is continuously enclosed by a heat-reflecting mat (13).
11. Air dome according to one of the claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the keder connecting profiles (1) with keder fitting profile have grooves on the side opposite the keder fitting profile or in the two side walls, for suspending objects such as lighting fixtures, nets, curtains, partitions, etc.
12. Air dome according to one of the claims 5 to 11, characterized in that the at least one membrane is equipped on its underside, covering the entire surface, with aligned flat, welded-on, glued-on, sewn-on or riveted-on pockets (12), each of which is designed to be open on one side, for the insertion of a multilayer heat-reflecting mat (13) in the form of a hybrid insulating mat with infrared radiation-reflecting metallized foils or aluminum foils, these openings each being closable by means of a hook-and-loop fastener (14) or a zipper.
13. Air dome according to one of the claims 9, 10, 12 and 11, if this is dependent on one of the claims 9-10, characterized in that several layers of absorption-reducing air cushion foils can be incorporated in the heat reflection mats (13) for the purpose of reducing the transmission heat losses.
14. Method of constructing an air dome according to claim 1, wherein the frame structure (15, 16, 17, 18) is connected to the adjacent membrane material, and a window front made of at least one transparent or translucent foil or one such rigid or flexible plate is installed in the frame structure (15, 16, 17, 18), characterized in that the air dome with the window front is erectable by means of blowing in air.
15. Method of constructing an air dome according to claim 14, wherein the frame structure (15, 16, 17, 18) is additionally supported by struts (25) arranged at an oblique angle.

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