CN108699854B

CN108699854B - Inflatable dome with window

Info

Publication number: CN108699854B
Application number: CN201680079810.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尼古劳斯·明
Original assignee: Claus Ming
Current assignee: Claus Ming
Priority date: 2015-12-10
Filing date: 2016-12-12
Publication date: 2022-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2036-12-12
Also published as: US20180347174A1; WO2017098042A3; EP3387198A2; EP3387198B1; CH711869A2; EP3387198B8; WO2017098042A4; CA3007734A1; CH711873B1; CH711873A2; CN108699854A; EA201800364A1; WO2017098042A2

Abstract

Inflatable domes are made up of one or more membrane shells made from thin plastic film. It has a frame structure connected to the film material boundary on at least one longitudinal or transverse side, and at least one transparent ETFE film for forming a front window is contained in the frame profile. Advantageously, the inflatable dome consists of one or more membrane shells made of plastic film. The film is formed as a double-layer film having an outer film and an inner film and is divided into strips. These strips can be connected in a force-locking manner along their longitudinal edges by means of snap strips having snap strip connecting profiles. The membrane strip is 3-5 m wide and extends from the floor on one side across the entire venue to the floor on the other side. Each strip forms a pocket. Advantageously, they comprise a heat-reflecting mat inserted into the pocket over the entire surface, after which the membrane strip is heat-sealed all around. Such mats are hybrid thermal insulation mats having infrared reflective metallized film or aluminum foil. The mat may have multiple layers of air bubble films to reduce absorption to reduce transmission heat loss. Such a configuration of the inflatable dome can be operated by two persons, the process is simpler and faster, and the disassembly, transportation and temporary storage are also simpler and faster.

Description

Inflatable dome with window

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an inflatable dome having a window.

Background

Inflatable domes have attractive advantages in many applications, such as roofs for outdoor swimming pools, as tennis courts, warehouses, commercial halls, and temporary halls for various activities. They consist of a dome-shaped covering of a textile reinforced plastic film which is fixed with its edges to the ground and seals off an inner space with a span there. When using a blower, an overpressure can be created inside the membrane which is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure, which causes the membrane to inflate and to thereThe position remains stable. Since only the weight of the membrane and any wind and snow loads need to be carried, whereby only a small and insignificant air pressure difference compared to atmospheric pressure is required. This typically corresponds to about 25 to 35 kilograms per square meter (kg/m)²) The load of (2). To prevent air from escaping as it enters or leaves the inflatable dome, the inlet is designed with a sealed 4-leaf rotating door or channel. One distinguishes between single-layer and multi-layer membrane shells, wherein each layer employs a specific function. The housing is usually composed of the highest quality, usually light-transmitting, textile reinforced plastic film. The outer shell is a virtually static film that can withstand the loads of wind and snow and can block ultraviolet radiation and contamination. Single to multiple intermediate layers with closed air pockets are primarily used as thermal barriers. They are used to improve the heat transfer coefficient (heat transfer coefficient) of the insulation direction of the hall. The innermost membrane forms the end of a two to multi-layer inflatable cover. Which is generally white for reflecting light. For tennis courts, a darker color (e.g., green or blue) is typically selected and at least up to 3 meters to enable tennis players to more easily identify tennis balls. Inflatable domes are subject to special DIN standards, either as so-called flight structures or motivations. Unlike fixed structures, they can be removed and installed elsewhere as desired.

A serious disadvantage of such inflatable domes is that they generally have poor thermal insulation and therefore high energy consumption when heated. The state department of Energy Conference of Swiss (Swiss Conference of cancer Energy Authorities) drafted a recommendation for EN-8 (12 months 2007) to heat air domes and proposed the following: existing sports facilities such as open baths or tennis courts may be covered from autumn to spring with relatively inexpensive "portable" inflatable domes for annual use. Constructions with membrane roofs have a high energy consumption, which is why these proposals have been developed for such constructions. Inflatable domes for open-air bathing spots will be discussed in detail below, as the heat requirements of these spots are more important than those of covered tennis courts. For example, in switzerland savausen in 2003, an inflatable dome made of a thin film material for a roof of a swimming pool having a length of 58 meters and a width of 28 meters is about 50 thousand switzerland francs. The heating cost accounts for 1/6 about the building cost, namely 81000 Swiss Falang in 2004/2005 years in winter and 86000 Swiss Falang in 2005/2006 years in winter. With a 2x2 film, it should be possible to reduce the heat requirement, thereby enabling a reduction in the cost of natural gas of about 30%.

As early as 3 months 1993, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) issued a brochure on "rational Energy usage for indoor swimming pools" including EBF (German Energy consumption) on cubic volume and unit water surface Energy consumption

English Energy con sumption water surface) indicating a 1993 Energy consumption value for a renovated or newly built swimming pool with traditional strong building cover. These include the total amount of heat for a building (typically generated by burning fossil fuels) and electricity (including water preparation, ventilation, lighting, dressing room ventilation, etc.).

For new construction, the ratio of heat to electricity is about 1: 1. For example, an indoor swimming pool rebuilt in ukast, switzerland in 1988 showed the following summands:

E_{heat quantity}479MJ/m²a+E_{Electric power}587MJ/m²a＝E_{Total amount of}1,066MJ/m²a(MJ/m²a is megajoules per square meter per year)

Starting from 1993, the most important modification is the SIA380/1 standard (2001 edition), which introduces the "indoor swimming pool" classification and takes into account indoor temperatures as high as 28 ℃. For the monolithic building element statement, the requirement is U_{Roof and wall}＝0.18W/m²K (Watts per square meter per degree Kelvin, in heat transfer coefficient units) and U_{Window (Refreshment window)}＝1.0W/m²K (zurich climate, not considering the largest share, MuKEn module 2). Updated energy consumption data is not available. It can now be assumed that the energy consumption data of the new bathroom can be reduced more than half. The parameters of heat and electricity should be displayed separately rather than as in the table aboveThe illustration adds in an unweighted manner.

The power for an open bath with an inflatable dome roof is shown below in view of: the decisive structural part is the membrane of the inflatable dome. With the most advanced technology today, roofs can be constructed with 2x2 membranes, thus having a U value of about 1.1W/m²K. Also has a significantly low U value (three layers of about 1.9W/m)²K three or two layer membrane roofs. In view of the high subsequent costs due to energy consumption, the extra price of the best building is absolutely reasonable in order to cover the swimming pool. In contrast, a certain transmittance of the film to solar radiation will be evaluated as positive. The total energy transfer rate value is about 0.1(0.07 to 0.2). It must also be taken into account that structural components on the ground also lead to heat dissipation. For indoor swimming pools, these structural components are well insulated. These components are rarely insulated if the existing open baths are covered only in winter. To reduce heat loss into the ground, a peripheral insulation of about 1 meter depth must be integrated into the concrete foundation 23 (fig. 1) between the two anchorage points of the membrane. This can reduce heat ingress to the ground (see standard EN 13370 for calculations).

A comparison of the thermal energy requirements of different membrane structures with a total energy transfer ratio of 0.1 for switzerland safhasen outdoor swimming pool roofs is set out below:

this therefore means that even with 3 layers of film (U value about 1.9W/m)²K) The energy demand also reaches about 2,000MJ/m²a. Such energy consumption is about 4 times that of the conventional medium-sized indoor swimming pool in 1993. Thus, about 300MJ/m for thermal insulation according to SIA 38011(2001 edition)²a applicable requirement, general inflatable domeDivide by 5 or 6 Meets the standard. (calculation:

experience with the operation of baths in Saverhasen, Switzerland, standing for EnFK) Saverhasen, confirmed these high energy consumption values, as

As shown by the evaluation of the energy consumption data from 2004 to 2006.

For stadiums with lower ambient temperature requirements, an annual cost comparison was made for a typical stadium of 35m x35 m. This shows that the extra cost of a 2x2 film can be amortized even at lower indoor temperatures, with the usual lower heat cost, as shown in the following table, where a 35m x35 m tennis court has two pitches:

in general, it can be said that the sports facility currently covered with the inflatable dome has already beenCannot satisfyThe requirement of building covering heat insulation. In particular, the roof of an open-air bath with an inflatable dome results in a very high energy consumption, compared to a "normal" indoor swimming poolFour to five times higher. Furthermore, the fact that conventional inflatable domes obstruct the communication of lighting with the outside is generally considered a serious drawback of such tennis stadiums and is only marginally acceptable to the public.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to have such inflatable domes at least partly bathed in daylight to create an atmosphere and a connection to the outside world view and atmosphere inside the dome. It is a further object of the present invention to improve the acoustic environment within an inflatable dome and thus provide a more pleasant atmosphere. Yet another object is to specify an inflatable dome with internal daylight which can be constructed more quickly and with less personnel than the prior art, and which can be quickly and easily disassembled, easily transported and placed in temporary storage as needed. Finally, it is an object of the present invention to specify an inflatable dome which has a reasonably good thermal insulation and which therefore can meet the applicable requirements for thermal insulation of building coverings. A fourth object of the present invention is to improve the sound effect in an inflatable dome and thus provide a more pleasant atmosphere.

This object is achieved by an inflatable dome having one or more layers of plastic film material, characterized in that the inflatable dome has a frame structure connected to adjacent film material, wherein a front window made of at least one transparent or translucent film or a likewise strong or flexible sheet is included in the frame structure to at least partially shower the inflatable dome in daylight.

Drawings

These figures show examples of embodiments of such inflatable domes, on the basis of which they will be described, outlining their structure and explaining their effect.

The following are shown:

FIG. 1 shows a strip-shaped foundation made of concrete with cast connecting profiles as anchoring rails, insulated on the inside;

FIG. 2 membrane strip of membrane extending from one side of the venue to the other to be constructed;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 2, showing how two membrane strips are attached to each other along their length to an outer profile;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2, showing how two membrane strips are attached to each other along their length to an inner profile;

FIG. 5 shows in longitudinal section the end portion of the membrane strip reaching the ground;

FIG. 6 is an overlap of two film strips along their longitudinal edges;

FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a venue configuration with film strips juxtaposed, wherein the film strips are interconnected along their longitudinal edges by each tube strip and associated connecting profile;

FIG. 8 is a connecting profile for two tube strips extending along the longitudinal edges of a piece of foil;

FIG. 9 heat sealing of the tube strip deep into the edge region of the membrane strip;

FIG. 10 joining of tube strips partially wrapped by a film by heat sealing the portions at the edges of the film strips;

FIG. 11 connection of two membrane strips, each having a tube strip along its longitudinal edges, by the connecting profile of FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 connection of two membrane strips along their longitudinal edges, which are fastened to only one of the two membrane edges by means of a connecting profile and a single tube strip;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of an inflatable dome with a membrane sheet extending transversely to the viewing direction and a connecting profile for connecting the tube strips of two adjacent membrane strips;

FIG. 14 two 2-layer film webs to be connected to each other when inserting a heat reflection mat;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged schematic view of a heat reflective mat inserted into a 2-layer membrane strip with adjacent 2-layer membrane strips having a joining profile to be pushed onto two tube strips;

FIG. 16 is an elevational view of the front of an inflatable dome for an air-supported tennis court for two tennis courts, the front extending along the tennis court;

FIG. 17 is a front wall structure with membrane strips inserted prior to subsequent inflation of the inflatable dome;

FIG. 18 is a longitudinal view of the inflatable dome after inflation has been performed;

fig. 19 is a plan view of the building of the inflatable dome according to fig. 16 to 18, showing the court lines with two tennis courts;

FIG. 20 is a front view of an inflatable dome for three tennis courts;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of the building with three tennis courts depicted therein, according to the inflatable dome of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is an elevation view of one front or rear side of the inflatable dome installed on the same building principle, said front or rear side extending along the longitudinal edge of the tennis court;

FIG. 23 is a bird's eye view of inflatable domes for three tennis courts;

FIG. 24 is a building plan view of another embodiment of a tennis inflatable dome for use in two tennis courts;

FIG. 25 is a vertical elevational view of the inflatable dome according to FIGS. 16-19, with a front window 3.5 meters high from the ground and depicted with a tennis net, the vertical edge being a head edge extending along a tennis court;

fig. 26 is a view of the inflatable dome according to fig. 16 to 19 towards one of its front sides extending along the longitudinal sides of the tennis court, with a window therein;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of an inflatable dome with windows, with two tennis courts visible;

fig. 28 is an internal perspective view of the inflatable dome looking outwardly through the tennis court towards the corners.

Detailed Description

Fig. 16 shows inflatable domes of two tennis courts along one side of the longitudinal extension of the tennis court. As a special feature, it is configured with a front window. This is composed of a frame of the sash profiles 15 to 18 and is assembled on the building foundation, wherein for example the lowermost row is fitted with a transparent plastic film, the so-called ETFE (ethylene-tetra-fluoro-ethylene) film, which is all fitted with a tube strip seam and only needs to be inserted into the sash profiles 15 to 18. As a variant, instead of ETFE film, other transparent or translucent films of the same type or a strong or bendable plate can be installed, preferably fitted at its edges with a tube strip for installation. Transparent or translucent films (i.e., ETFE films), plastic films, or fabric-reinforced films capable of protruding outward are suitable for flexible or bendable front windows. Instead of a film material, it is also possible to install transparent or translucent or strong or bendable plates, such as glass plates, acrylic multilayer wall sheets, polycarbonate plates, polycarbonate multilayer wall sheets or plates or multilayer wall plates from polyester or perspex. Finally, the front window can be provided with a panel of wooden material, for example a panel in the form of a blind or a shutter in the form of a rotary or sliding shutter, so as to externally cover the front window as required. The height of the windows of the lowermost row is here about 5.2 m and the width of these windows is 5 m. They are therefore almost square. Shatterproof glass panes may also be installed if additional intermediate pillars are employed. As shown in fig. 17, two pillar profiles 18 are first arranged obliquely at the outer ends and are loosely erected. The respective outermost membrane strips 8 of the assembled membranes are connected from the ground upwards by tube strips. From the upper ends of these outermost strut profiles 18, the membrane strip 8 still extends loosely, rests on the ground in the middle, and is again loosely connected to the outermost profiles 18 in the same way at the other ends. Where it extends for approximately 42 meters.

Starting from the situation shown in fig. 17, a film which is fastened anchored to the ground on both sides in a conventional manner in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the film shown and anchored in a force-locking manner is inflated by activating a blower and blowing air into the interior, wherein the film is also attached in the same manner at a front window at the rear end. The membrane begins to inflate and rises. In doing so, the outermost post profile 18 gradually takes up the position shown in fig. 18, which is then firmly connected to the upper corner of the existing wall profile and anchored to the ground. The upper strut 19 is then mounted as in fig. 16, and after the outer edges of the outermost membrane strips 8 reach this height, these outer edges are fastened by inserting a tube strip connecting profile along the upper edge 19 of the front profile. The membrane thus becomes increasingly better sealed until its peripheral edge is completely sealed against the floor or front profile 19.

Figure 19 shows a building plan view of the tennis stadium with two tennis courts across, with a court line 20 and net 21 drawn. The pitch thus has a square building surface with a side length of 36 metres. The front windows extend along the longitudinal edges of the tennis court so that they are hit much less often than they would be if they extended along the lateral edges of the tennis court, for example.

Fig. 20 shows a tennis stadium for three tennis courts. Likewise, a 36 metre length of front window extends along the longitudinal edges of the tennis court, as shown in figure 21, the edge of the inflatable dome, i.e. where the membrane reaches down to the ground, having a dimension of 53.9 metres. Fig. 22 shows the wall profile of the tennis stadium with a window 5 meters wide and 9 meters high, and fig. 23 shows a bird's eye view of this tennis stadium. Unlike conventional inflatable domes, this venue has a barrel-shaped roof that extends smoothly to the ground on four sides, rather than a dome with an apex.

Fig. 24 shows a further embodiment first with the aid of a plan view. This is designed for two tennis courts and has dimensions of 36 metres x36 metres. In fig. 25, seen from the side extending along the head side of the tennis court, the net 21 of the tennis court is drawn inside the venue. On the left and right side, this inflatable dome has vertical end faces 3.5 m high, which have windows, from the upper edge of which the membrane is connected laterally with its strips to the window frame profile 16. From profile 16 onwards, the film then rises at an oblique angle to a 9 m high ridge. Fig. 26 shows the inflatable dome looking toward the front window. The individual windows were 5 meters long by 3.5 meters high, the outermost windows were almost equilateral triangles, and the entire front window had a length of 36 meters.

Figure 27 shows this tennis stadium in perspective view and better illustrates the advantages of the front window in this environment. In the example shown, the frame for the window is still supported outwards with the struts 25 arranged at an oblique angle to absorb the increased internal pressure. In contrast to conventional tennis domes, a tennis dome with a continuous front window on both sides is able to bathe in daylight and provide an unrivalled playing atmosphere. From the outside, the inflatable dome looks lighter, more convincing on the style, fuller and more dynamic. Finally, fig. 28 shows a view from inside out across the tennis court.

In conventional inflatable domes, the membrane to be supported by air pressure is formed in 2 to 3 parts of membrane by overlapping several membrane strips at their edges and connecting them firmly and air-tightly to each other by heat sealing. The 2 to 3 membrane portions are screwed together by clamping plates. The peripheral edges of the screwed-together membranes are then anchored to the foundation or ground anchor. Such films of conventional inflatable domes thus form a continuous smooth surface on the inside and outside and do not allow anything to be adhered to the inside other than by gluing. This also makes the application of conventional insulation impossible.

In all embodiments, the inflatable dome according to the invention has very special means for retaining heat inside the inflatable dome. The film or membranes of which are provided with a heat-reflecting material for the thermal insulation of buildings. To this end, the heat reflective material is cut from a roll and inserted in the form of a mat onto the inside of the film, for example into flat pockets arranged in an array that are heat sealed to the film. After insertion of the heat reflective pad, the pocket is closed by a Velcro (Velcro) fastener or a zipper fastener. Thus, the entire membrane is covered by these heat reflective pads, which are hidden in the pocket.

Advantageously, the membrane of the invention is constructed at the same time in a novel manner compared to the membranes of conventional inflatable domes, i.e. several membrane strips are connected together along their longitudinal sides by means of a tube strip and a tube strip connecting profile to form a complete membrane. Firstly, this allows faster construction and requires far fewer personnel, and also provides the advantage of allowing simple disassembly of the membrane again, so that the inflatable dome can be more easily removed and reassembled elsewhere. Each membrane strip is fitted with a special pocket for insertion, which will be shown and described later.

In order to construct such an inflatable dome, it is only necessary to erect a strip-shaped foundation 23 made of concrete around the venue so that it can be constructed along the circumference of the inflatable dome. These concrete elements may be embedded in a continuous portion in the prepared trench. As shown in fig. 1, an anchoring rail in the form of a so-called Halfen (Halfen) rail 26 is attached to this strip-shaped foundation 23, said Halfen rail being welded to anchoring steel 27 cast into the concrete. The membrane strip 8 then reaches down to the ground as shown by the arrow in the figure, and the tube strip 5 of its end side is inserted into the receiving groove 30 of the anchor rail 22 from the front side and the end side. This establishes a force-locking and gas-tight connection. The individual membrane strips 8 are connected to one another along their longitudinal edges, to which the tube strips are fitted, by means of a plurality of connecting profiles, so that a complete membrane can be produced from a plurality of such membrane strips 8 adjoining one another. The anchoring profile 22 is specifically designed to be inserted into the open-topped halfen track 26 by a rotational movement, such rotational movement being represented by the arrow in the halfen track 26. Finally, the anchoring profile 22 hooks with its two lower shoulders 28 the undersides of the two wings 29 of the halfene rail 26. By means of one or several fans, an overpressure is created which is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. Due to this overpressure, the membrane strip rises upwards, expands and remains stable in this position. Thereby, the membrane is fully stretched towards the strip-shaped foundation 23 made of concrete, and the membrane is force-locked to said strip-shaped foundation 23.

In fig. 2 a single membrane strip 8 is shown in a position as if installed in a stadium membrane. It extends from the ground across the apex of the venue to the other side of the ground. Thus, if it spans a tennis court, its length is, for example, 42 meters. Depending on the implementation, it is approximately 3 to 5 meters wide. It is implemented as two layers and thus forms a pocket. In such pockets are inserted heat reflective pads such as will be described. Such a mat is a roll, for example a mat of 2.5 metres in width and approximately 25 mm in thickness is commercially available. A strip of 2.5 metres x42 metres in length can be inserted into the pocket of the film strip, or two such heat reflective pads slightly overlapping along their longitudinal edges can be inserted into the pocket of the film strip over their entire length. To this end, the two-layer film strip is heat sealed on three sides, while one longitudinal side is initially open on the left, thereby forming a pocket. This allows insertion of the strip of heat reflective film over the entire length of the film strip. The openings of the pockets in the film strips are then heat sealed so that the film strips are tightly sealed around them, and several film strips are then joined together by means of tube strips and joining profiles arranged along their edges.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the membrane strip 8 at the a-a position, from which it can be seen that the overlap of the two strips 8 occurs along their longitudinal edges, so that the heat reflective film always extends continuously between the inner and outer sides of the assembled membrane strip. Fig. 3 shows that the tube strip 5 with the film portion 6 is heat-sealed to the film strip 8 on the left in the figure. The film strip 8 on the right rests with its longitudinal edge on the longitudinal edge of the film strip 8 on the left. The edges of which terminate in a portion 7 which spans and is guided around the tube strip 5. Subsequently, the connecting profile 1 is pushed onto the tube strip 5, thus creating a force-locking connection transversely between the two membrane strips 8. On the inner side of the two membrane strips 8, a heat-reflecting mat 13 can be seen. Although they are inserted into different pockets, they slightly overlap each other. However, this creates a connection on both sides of the connection of the two membrane strips 8A continuous heat reflective layer, thereby preventing the formation of cold or heat bridges. The membrane strip 8 directly forms an outer membrane made of materials conventionally used for outer membrane requirements and weighing about 1kg/m²While the inner film can in principle be made thinner. However, since the heat reflective layer is placed on the floor during construction of the venue, the heat reflective layer should at least have sufficient tear resistance and have a thickness of approximately 500 to 600 grams/m²The weight of (c). The heat reflective layer is impregnated to prevent the formation of fungi and mold, and both films are impregnated to prevent contamination, as has been conventionally done. A pocket for the heat reflecting pad 13 is formed between the two films.

Fig. 4 shows essentially the same thing, except that the tube strips are directed downwards, i.e. towards the inside of the venue, and that the connecting profiles are connected to the underside of the inner membrane. These profiles can be designed, in particular, with grooves on their underside, in which, for example, light fixtures, nets, partitions, curtains, etc. can be suspended. Advantageously, the inner membrane is perforated, thereby achieving an effective sound insulation. The sound in the tennis court, which is generated by tennis ball impact, or the sound in the swimming pool, which is generally loud, can be effectively refracted on the perforated inner membrane, and a more pleasant sound environment is achieved.

Fig. 5 shows a cross-section along the line B-B in fig. 2. The two-layer membrane strip 8 is connected at the lower part and faces the ground and thus ends in a flat skirt 24. And then fold it down inside the venue and rest on the floor. It can be seen that the tube strip 5 is heat sealed on the outside of the outer membrane strip 8. This is for connection to the ground. Which is inserted into the profile of the anchoring rail formed on the strip foundation.

Fig. 6 shows the overlap in a perspective view. The membrane strip 8 on the left side of the figure overlaps the membrane strip 8 on the right side of the figure. The film strip on the right ends with a single layer of film which is guided across the tube strip 5 to cover it completely and extend slightly beyond the tube strip 5. This is ready for pushing the connecting profile onto the tube strand 5.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a plurality of membrane strips 8 arranged next to one another. For example in a tennis stadium, they advantageously extend along a tennis court and thus in the direction of the tennis net across the playing field.

In the following, the process of constructing a membrane from a detachably connectable membrane strip is outlined in an alternative embodiment. For this purpose, a possible connecting profile 1 for a tube strand is shown first in fig. 8. This is formed by an extruded aluminium profile which is formed with a groove 4 as a pipe socket 2 on both of its longitudinal sides. In the example shown, each strip seat 2 is formed by a tube, with longitudinal slots or grooves 4, so that the circumference of the tube extends only approximately 270 °. The two openings or slots 4 in the two pipe sockets 2 face away from one another, and the two pipes are connected to one another in one piece by a connecting bridge 3. For the connection of two membrane strips 8, a connecting profile 1 of about 30 cm to 50 cm length is used.

A film strip 8 with pockets 12 can be connected to such a connecting profile 1, for which purpose the film strip 8 is fitted along its longitudinal edges with tube strips 5. For this purpose, the tube strips 5, as shown for example in fig. 9, are designed as one-piece round plastic profiles with radially projecting extensions 6. The 2-layer film strip 8 is split along its edges into two flaps 7 which surround the extensions 6 from both sides and are heat-sealed firmly thereto. Thereby forming a force-locking connection between the tube strip 5 and the membrane strip 8. The edges of the membrane strip 8 can also be heat sealed to only one side of the extension 6, wherein the introduction of force is not completely symmetrical.

Alternatively, as illustrated in fig. 10, a circular rubber profile 11 can be used as the tube strip 5 surrounded by a membrane 10, wherein the membrane 10 ends in two edge portions 9. The two edge portions 9 can receive the film strip 8 with the pockets 12 on both sides between the two edge portions along the longitudinal edges of the film strip and are firmly attached to both sides of the film strip 8 by heat sealing in the edge regions of the film strip 8. In this way, a force-locking connection is also formed transversely to the tube strand 5.

Fig. 11 shows a possible example of the connection of two adjacent membrane strips 8, the longitudinal edges of which are each fitted with a tube strip 5. The connecting profiles 1 are pushed one by one onto their tube strips 5 in the longitudinal direction of the membrane sheets or membrane strips 8. The slots formed between each successive connecting profile 1 allow a relatively small radius of curvature of the film produced thereby. The slots between successive connecting profiles 1 can be closed with an elastic sealing compound. Ideally, the longest possible connecting profile section is used. For larger lengths of a few meters, depending on the wall thickness of the profiles, they may be bent to a certain radius, allowing the construction of the entire membrane dome from one side to the other with only a few profile sections. Such a membrane or membrane strip 8 of a tennis stadium that spans the court in a longitudinal direction is approximately 42 metres long. For this purpose, only a few easily transportable connecting profile sections are sufficient, for example sections of 3x 14 meters long, or sections of 4x 10.5 meters or 6x 7 meters long.

Fig. 12 shows an alternative possible example of connecting two adjacent membranes or membrane strips 8. Here, only the membrane strip 8 on the left in the figure is fitted with the tube strip 5. As shown, the film strip 8 on the right is wrapped around the tube strip 5 of the other film strip 8, after which the connecting profile 1 is pushed onto the tube strip and erected at 90 °. This surrounds the tube strip over approximately 270 ° and effects a force-locking connection of the two membrane strips 8 transversely to the tube strip 5. A single connecting profile 1 measures, for example, about 30 to 50 cm and can therefore be pushed by a single fitter. Alternatively, longer profile sections up to the maximum transportable length can also be used.

Figure 13 shows a cross-sectional view of a tennis stadium. The membrane or membrane strip 8 continues transversely to the viewing direction and extends from the ground upwards over the apex of the ridge to the other side, where it returns to the ground again. The connecting profiles 1 are pushed one by one in the longitudinal direction of the membrane strip onto their tube strips 5. The slots formed between each successive connecting profile 1 also allow a relatively small radius of curvature of the membrane. These slots can be closed with a plastic sealing compound.

Fig. 14 shows two membranes or membrane strips 8 connected to the connecting profile 1. The membrane strip 8 is a conventional fabric reinforced plastic film, ideally 3 to 5 metres wide. They can be transported in coil form to the construction site, for example in lengths of 42 metres, to form the entire dome in one piece. If they are transported in shorter sections, the required length can be achieved at the construction site by force locking and tightly heat sealing together in a conventional manner with a slight overlap of a few centimeters. These strips 8 are equipped with pockets 12 as special features. These pockets 12 extend between the tube strips 5 across the entire width of the membrane strip 8, i.e. they have a width of about 3 to 5 meters and they are slightly wider than 1.5 to 2.5 meters, so that after insertion of a 1.5 or 2.5 meter cushion a rim is formed which remains free, which can be mounted on the open side of the pocket and is provided with velcro on the inside. At the bottom and the sides, the pockets are heat sealed firmly to the membrane strip 8, or riveted or glued to said membrane strip 8. Heat reflective pads 13 of the same size are inserted into these pockets, i.e. pads 1.5 to 2.5 meters wide and 3 to 5 meters long. Of course, the pocket 12 and the heat reflecting pad 13 to be inserted into the pocket can also be made smaller in size.

Such heat reflective pads are for example lu. They are supplied in particular in rolls 1.5m or 2.5m wide and can be cut into portions 13 from these rolls, which are thus in this case cut into the corresponding width of the film strip 8, while the depth of the pockets 12 is configured to the width of the roll. These multilayer heat reflective pads employed can be up to 12cm thick. Although heat insulating materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, cellulose, wood shavings, hemp or other materials can only be used at λ>0.026W/mK, but for this material, the fact that: due to T⁴＝W/m²Heat radiation accounts for the vast majority (over 90%) of heat loss with respect to temperature. The higher the temperature, the more significant the proportion of heat radiation which ultimately leads to heat loss. If a multi-layer heat reflective mat is used, the thermal insulation is achieved in a stepwise manner by a large number of cumulative interactions. These heat reflective materials are therefore capable of achieving near 100% reflection of incident thermal radiation. A significant portion of the incident thermal radiation is reflected back into the interior of the inflatable dome. Conversely, in summer the thermal radiation of the sun is reflected and the interior of the inflatable dome remains cool and pleasant, which is particularly popular for tennis. The specifications of these heat reflection pads are as follows:

for tennis stadiums, these heat reflecting pads are preferably mounted 3 cm thick. Their surroundings are heat sealed, however this is only for fixing and not tight fastening. The grating perforation with T-end threading results in a diffusion-open (difussion-open) outside. So that dew point degassing (dew point degassing) is already involved. Po. thermo B2+8 insulation or any other mat with similar technical and mechanical properties can be applied in the field of heat reflection as a suitable insulation product. Po Therm B2+8 is particularly suitable due to its characteristics of being light, thin, easily bendable, and flexible. Since these heat reflection pads have high flexibility, even if they are inserted into corners and corners, there is no problem. They are not hygroscopic and therefore provide a stable reflection effect. Advantageously, such inflatable domes are constructed with a double layer film having an insert of heat reflective material in the pocket 12 on the inside of the inner film, which is used for thermal building insulation. A multi-layer hybrid insulation mat with an integral energy-efficient infrared reflective aluminum foil is advantageously employed as the heat reflective mat. Two to eight layers of the absorption reducing air cushion film create a convection distance by the air enclosed in the small blocks, thereby creating an optimal convection effect. This reduces transmission heat loss. The heat reflecting pad 13 comprises up to five layers of metallized film for efficient infrared reflection and has low self-emission. In addition, high-frequency rays, waves and fields can be shielded efficiently.

In fact, the heat reflecting pad to be inserted is very light (specific gravity of only 0.430 kg/m)²) This is very attractive from a construction point of view. Corresponding to 2,324m for three tennis courts²For an inflatable dome of membrane area, this would result in a total additional load of 999.32kg and therefore about 1 ton. This is almost negligible in contrast to the load of snow to be carried and the fixed load of the membrane.

Figure 15 shows a film strip 8 having a single pocket 12. The heat reflecting pad 13 is inserted thereto from the open side so that it fills the entire area of the pocket 12. The opening of the pocket 12 can be fitted with Velcro (r) fasteners 14 so that the pocket 12 can be closed after the heat reflective pad 13 is inserted. In addition to the velcro fasteners 14, zipper fasteners may also be used. On the film strip 8, pockets 12 are arranged next to each other or several rows of pockets are arranged in an array. Each pocket is therefore fitted with a heat reflective pad 13.

An inflatable dome equipped with such a particularly heat-reflecting pad 13 and therefore covering practically the entire membrane area inside or outside in the pocket 12 yields an overall U-value of better air support than hitherto, i.e. less than 1.0W/m²K. In addition to the heat reflecting pad 13, a special acoustic membrane may also be used as the inner membrane, which is also inserted into the pocket 12. This allows the acoustic effect of the venue to be adapted to different floors and the acoustic effect can be adjusted to be pleasant. The perforated inner membrane in this case refracts the noise in the hall. For tennis stadiums, most of the impact noise can be absorbed. This enables far more pleasant acoustic effects in indoor tennis venues than hitherto.

The individual membrane strips 8 can be connected in a force-locking manner along their longitudinal edges by means of the connecting profiles 1 and their tube strips 5 until the entire membrane is assembled in this way at the construction site and placed on the ground. In doing so, the connecting profile shown in fig. 8 can be arranged on the inside or outside of the membrane. The outer edge of the constructed film is then tightly attached to the ground or window frame. In any case, if the membrane strip 8 is sealingly connected to the connection profile 1 for the tube strip 5 in this way, there is no need to install a relatively more complicated splint screw connection.

In summary, such inflatable domes offer a full range of attractive technical advantages over conventional structures.

1. The continuous front window on one or both sides allows daylight to fill the inflatable dome, which greatly improves the atmosphere.

2. Inflatable domes by convection of heat radiation at heat reflecting padsGreatly improves the heat-insulating property。

3. Is largeImproved damping of noiseThereby improving the happiness of the mind.

4. Simple operation by means of the tube strip 5 insertable into the connecting profile 1, extremely largeSimplifying the installation of the inflatable dome。Less personnel is requiredTo carry out constructionAnd removing. This work can be done by 4 fitters instead of 20 fitters. The simple operation greatly increases the assembly time. Thereby enabling cost savings.

The membrane or membrane strip 8 of the inflatable dome can be easily disassembled in the spring and rolled into a roll, making them more versatile than conventional inflatable domesEasy to store。

6, assemblingWithout special tools. Can be used forManually operatedThe connecting profile is pushed onto the tube strip. No clamping plates are required for tightening.

The strip foundation 23 can be manufactured in the factory as prefabricated concrete elements and transported to the construction site, installed by inserting anchoring rails and preparing the insulating connectors and placed there.

Strip foundations are fitted with connecting profiles 1 as anchoring profile rails 22, so that for the membrane strips 8Ground connection During the process, only the end-side tube strand 5 has to be inserted into the connecting profile 1。

9. construction siteWithout concrete working。

Reference index

1 connecting section bar for pipe strip

2 pipe for forming groove

3 connecting bridge

4 longitudinal slot in connecting profile 1

5 tube strip

6 pipe strip extension

7 lower hem at film edge

8 film strip

9 edge portion of the film 10 around the rubber profile 11

10 film adjacent to the rubber profile 11

11 round rubber section bar

12 pocket on film strip 8

13 heat reflection pad

14 Velcro for closing the pocket 12

15 frame section bar at bottom of window

16 frame profile on top of window

17 frame section bar perpendicular to window

18 frame profile inclined at an angle at the outer end

19 support posts along the uppermost face of the membrane

20 court boundary line

21 tennis net

22 anchored profile rail

23 concrete strip foundation

24 film strip end lower hem

25 strut at front window for absorbing internal pressure

26 halfen rail

27 anchoring steel in strip foundations

28 shoulder on the anchoring section bar 22

29 wing on Halfen orbit

30 receiving groove on the anchoring profile 22

Claims

1. An inflatable dome having one or more films of plastic film material, characterized in that said inflatable dome has, at least at one longitudinal or transverse side edge, a frame structure connected to an adjacent film material, wherein a front window made of at least one transparent or translucent film or an equally strong or flexible sheet is included in said frame structure for at least partially bathing said inflatable dome in daylight; the outer and inner films are formed by film strips (8), the film strips (8) being connected in a force-locking manner along their longitudinal edges by at least one tube strip to a tube strip connection profile (1) having a tube strip seat profile, each double-layered film strip (8) forming a pocket into which one or more heat-reflecting mats (13) are inserted in a filled-in manner.

2. The inflatable dome of claim 1, wherein the transparent or translucent film is an ETFE film, a plastic film, or a fabric reinforced film.

3. The inflatable dome of claim 1, wherein the transparent or translucent film or strong or flexible sheet is a glass sheet, an acrylic multi-wall sheet, a polycarbonate multi-wall sheet, or a multi-wall sheet material from polyester or plexiglass.

4. Inflatable dome according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the windows are covered from the outside by panels in the form of louvered blinds made of wood material or rotating or sliding shutters as required.

5. Inflatable dome according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with frame profiles (15) along the strip-like foundation (23) at least on one longitudinal or transverse side of the frame structure; at least one horizontal frame profile (16) extends above the frame profile (15); the frame profile (15) also has a vertical frame profile (17) as a support and supporting struts (18) arranged obliquely at the two end sides of the front window thus created, wherein the horizontal frame profile (16) has on its upper side grooves for inserting the tube strips (5) of the adjacent upper membrane strip (8) and on its lower side grooves for inserting the tube strips (5) adjacent to the lower, transparent or translucent film or a strong or flexible plate of the same type, the vertical frame profile (17) has on both sides grooves for inserting the tube strips (5) into the side edges of the transparent or translucent film or the strong or flexible plate of the same type, and the supporting struts (18) have on both sides grooves for inserting the tube strips (5) of the inner and outer adjacent window films (8).

6. Inflatable dome according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer and inner membranes are constituted by membrane strips (8), which membrane strips (8) are each designed in two layers, one of which forms the outer membrane and the other the inner membrane, wherein these membranes are heat sealed all around and are fitted with tube strips on at least one longitudinal edge, so that a plurality of membrane strips (8) can be connected to the tube strips along their longitudinal edges in a force-locking manner by means of a tube strip connection profile (1) with a tube strip seat profile.

7. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the membrane strips (8) are interconnected in such a way that the respective longitudinal edges of the membrane strips (8) are connected to the tube strip (5), the edge areas of the membrane strips (8) adjacent to the tube strip enclosing the tube strip (5) in an overlapping manner, one or more tube strip connecting profiles (1) with tube strip seats being pushed onto the tube strip (5).

8. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the outer and inner membranes are constituted by membrane strips (8) spanning the entire stadium, which are connected in a force-locking manner along their longitudinal edges to the tube strip connection profile (1) by at least one tube strip (5), and wherein the membrane strips (8) have in their end regions from the end 50 cm to 100 cm tube strips (5) extending transversely to the membrane strips (8), which are anchored on the anchoring profile (22) by the tube strips and the tube strip connection profile with the tube strip base profile, the rundown (24) formed between the tube strips (5) and the ends of the membrane strips (8) being folded inwards into the stadium on the ground.

9. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the outer and inner membranes are constituted by membrane strips (8) which overlap each other along their longitudinal edges so that the heat reflecting cushions (13) inserted into them also overlap and the venue is surrounded end to end by the heat reflecting cushions (13) as long as it is constituted by membranes.

10. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the tube strip connecting profile (1) with the tube strip socket profile has a groove for hooking an object on the side opposite the tube strip socket profile or in both side walls.

11. The inflatable dome of claim 10, wherein the object is a lighting fixture, a net, a curtain, or an intermediate wall.

12. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that at least one membrane is equipped with juxtaposed flat pockets (12) over the entire surface of the lower side, said pockets being heat-sealed, glued, sewn or riveted to said lower side, wherein each pocket is designed to be open on one side for insertion of a multilayer heat-reflecting mat (13) in the form of a hybrid heat-insulating mat with infrared-reflecting metallized film or aluminium foil, wherein these openings are each closed by means of velcro (14) or zip.

13. Inflatable dome according to claim 1, characterized in that multiple layers of absorption reducing bubble film are incorporated into the heat reflecting mat (13) to reduce transmission heat losses.

14. Inflatable dome according to claim 1, characterized in that the membrane strips (8) are perforated on the inside of the inflatable dome to achieve sound refraction and thus improve the sound effect inside the venue.

15. Inflatable dome according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the membrane strip (8) has a width of 3 to 5 meters and a length corresponding to the span of the inflatable dome to be built, so that a seamless roofing membrane can be formed over its entire length.