EP3384514B1 - Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3384514B1
EP3384514B1 EP16805829.5A EP16805829A EP3384514B1 EP 3384514 B1 EP3384514 B1 EP 3384514B1 EP 16805829 A EP16805829 A EP 16805829A EP 3384514 B1 EP3384514 B1 EP 3384514B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
voltage
transformer
diode
drive system
Prior art date
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EP16805829.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3384514A1 (en
Inventor
Burkhard Thron
Olaf Laske
Michael Naumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Powertech Converter GmbH
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
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Powertech Converter GmbH
Ellenberger and Poensgen GmbH
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Priority to PL16805829T priority Critical patent/PL3384514T3/en
Publication of EP3384514A1 publication Critical patent/EP3384514A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3384514B1 publication Critical patent/EP3384514B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H01H47/10—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current by switching-in or -out impedance external to the relay winding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices and a method for operating a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices.
  • Electromagnetic drive systems are often used in electrical engineering to apply force to moving mechanical components. Such systems use, for example, pull magnets or other assemblies working on an electromagnetic basis. These drive systems are used in various forms in contactors, circuit breakers, relays, solenoid valves, etc.
  • the FR 2 803 956 A1 a circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic drive system for electromechanical devices, with at least one control voltage source, with at least one regulating and control circuit, with at least one drive system, with at least one transformer, with at least one rectifier bridge, with at least one smoothing capacitor, with at least one main switching transistor, by means of whose drive system can be controlled in a characteristic pulse train system and where the main switching transistor is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer, the transformer being connected to the supply voltage and the secondary side of the transformer supplying the rectifier bridge.
  • the DC output voltage of the rectifier bridge is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor, so that the DC voltage is supplied with a supply curve over time.
  • the DE 198 51 973 A1 a circuit arrangement for generating auxiliary energy for operating a control unit of a switching device from a current flowing through a main current path of the switching device is shown, characterized in that a DC supply voltage for the from a voltage dependent on the current in the main current path by clocking, transforming to the secondary side of a transformer and rectifying Control unit is obtained, said voltage being applied to a series circuit consisting of a transformer and a semiconductor switch that is pulse-width-modulated depending on its secondary voltage by a control circuit (PWM), and the control circuit (PWM) can be temporarily supplied with a starting DC voltage via a switch.
  • PWM control circuit
  • the DE 197 44 202 A1 a flyback converter circuit, fed from a particularly high-resistance voltage source, with a transformer, a switching transistor which is controlled by a pulse width modulator circuit, and with an output, with the reference to the input terminals of the flyback converter
  • the primary circuit of its transformer is galvanically connected in series with the output on the secondary side.
  • the JP 3 062707 B2 a drive circuit for an inductive load that must be stopped in order to reduce the delay in load operation.
  • a load When a load is operated, rectified output signals are generated and a high voltage obtained by summing both output signals is applied to the load.
  • the output from a differentiating circuit When a specified time has passed after the operation, the output from a differentiating circuit is stopped, and accordingly the rectified output is also stopped;
  • the load is operated at a low voltage resulting only from the rectified output. Therefore, when the load drive is stopped, the energy stored in the load is lower than the conventional one, which reduces the delay in stopping the operation.
  • Adding a Zener diode to a load supply circuit can further reduce the delay in stopping operation.
  • the actuation of the aforementioned drive systems by applying the available control voltage directly to the magnet systems has the disadvantage that the control current fed in, and thus the magnetic force, is usually not adapted to the existing force-displacement characteristic of the mechanical system being driven.
  • the known electronic ballasts for operating magnetic drive systems clock the magnet systems directly via one or more electronic switches.
  • the disadvantage here is that the existing control voltage can be reduced, but not increased.
  • ballasts are preferably used to operate switching devices in the form of contactors, in which the power requirement is initially high, but then decreases over time.
  • the direct timing of the electrical drive system also creates an interference voltage spectrum that can have a negative effect on other electronic systems.
  • the steepness of the pulses also causes an increased load on the winding structure of the magnet systems, which are mostly designed for direct voltage or low-frequency alternating voltage operation.
  • the clocked mode of operation can therefore cause damage to the winding of the magnet system.
  • a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices, in particular with a mechanically locked end position , with at least one control voltage source, with at least one regulating and control circuit, with at least one drive system, with at least one transformer, with at least one rectifier bridge, with at least one smoothing capacitor, with at least one main switching transistor, by means of which the drive system can be controlled in a characteristic pulse train system and the main switching transistor being connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer, the transformer being connected to the supply voltage and the secondary side of the transformer supplying the rectifier bridge, d er output DC voltage is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and added to the voltage of the control voltage source is, so that a supply with DC voltage takes place with a time supply curve.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea that a clocked transformer stage by means of a control and regulating circuit provides the electrical feed characteristics required for the specific operation of the electromagnetic drive system in the entire input voltage and temperature range without pulsed application of the drive system coils.
  • the disadvantages of the known controls identified from the prior art are avoided and a circuit arrangement is provided which operates the magnet system of the drive systems mentioned, in particular those with direct current magnet coils, in such a way that safe and mechanically gentle operation is guaranteed in the entire input voltage and temperature range without significant interference , and also allows the actuation of drive systems which, when actuated, have a force requirement that increases rapidly over time and also have a mechanically locked, stable end position.
  • a circuit arrangement which provides a regulated DC voltage with a supply curve that is beneficial for the drive system by means of a switching stage and transformer arrangement with a downstream rectifier and also enables the actuating voltage to be increased if necessary via the existing and possibly highly tolerant control voltage. This ensures that they can be switched on safely, as in the exemplary case of a battery circuit breaker with pull magnets in the drive system and battery-buffered power supply system when there is a large one Input voltage range guaranteed.
  • the circuit arrangement enables the mechanically moving parts to be operated in a manner that is gentle and therefore extends the service life. By supplying the drive systems with a direct voltage, the emission of interference is largely avoided, particularly when cables are laid between the described circuit arrangement and the drive system.
  • An additional diode can be provided which is connected on the anode side to the node transformer - main switching transistor and on the cathode side is connected to the node of the cathodes of the rectifier bridge.
  • the rectifier bridge can be formed by a plurality of diodes. These diodes can, for example, be fast diodes for output rectification.
  • a second transistor to be provided and for the switching arrangement to be switchable in such a way that a holding circuit can be activated by means of a second transistor in the power circuit with the aid of the reverse magnetization energy of the transformer for the switch-on time by processing a gate voltage, thereby driving the second transistor and after the switch-on time has elapsed, the main switching transistor is switched off and the magnetizing back energy is no longer available.
  • PWM pulse width modulation
  • the circuit arrangement has a microcontroller circuit and that the microcontroller circuit is used for the coordinated control and pulse processing.
  • thermal fuse in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control power supply, which are arranged in such a way that in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is arranged and switchable in such a way that the thermal Connection of thermal fuse and pre-resistor main current path is interruptible.
  • the circuit arrangement further has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Zener diode, which can be switched in such a way that, in the event of an interruption of the output load, an impermissibly high output voltage is avoided in that the safety circuit responds in such a way that The optocoupler is controlled via the Zener diode by the output voltage that is too high in the event of a fault and thus the output of the optocoupler acts on the control and regulation circuit and thus the switch-on time for the power transistor is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level .
  • the present invention also relates to a method for operating a circuit arrangement.
  • a second transistor is provided and that the switching arrangement is switched during operation in such a way that a holding circuit is activated by means of a second transistor in the power circuit with the aid of the reverse magnetization energy of the transformer for the switch-on time by processing a gate voltage, whereby a second The transistor is controlled and, after the switch-on time has elapsed, the main transistor is switched off and the reverse magnetization energy is no longer available.
  • the regulating and control circuit has a PWM circuit with a switch-on time limit and that a pulse pattern corresponding to the specifics of the drive system is stored by means of the PWM circuit, which pulse pattern can be assigned to the respective purpose by selecting it accordingly.
  • thermal fuse in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control power supply, which are arranged in such a way that in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is switched in such a way that the thermal connection of the thermal fuse and Vorwiderstad main current path is interrupted.
  • the circuit arrangement further has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Zener diode, which in the event of a fault is switched in such a way that in the event of an interruption of the output load, an inadmissibly high output voltage is avoided by the safety circuit responding in such a way that the optocoupler is controlled by the excessively high output voltage in the event of a fault via the Z-diode and thus the output of the optocoupler acts on the control and regulation circuit and thus the switch-on time for the power transistor is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level .
  • Fig. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a circuit arrangement, designed here as a battery circuit breaker with a pull magnet, the circuit and functional principle in Fig. 1 and is shown in more detail below.
  • the circuit arrangement has a regulating and control circuit 1, which in detail includes a stabilization circuit for the internal control voltage U s with ZD 1.1, measured value acquisition 1.2, a PWM circuit (pulse width modulation circuit) with switch-on limitation t 1.3 and a driver circuit 1.4 for the power switch (VT2).
  • the switching arrangement also has an electromagnetic drive system 2.
  • the switching arrangement is connected to a control voltage source with an operating voltage (U B ).
  • the reference symbol MB denotes the negative potential (main current).
  • the switching arrangement has a switch-on button S1, a series resistor R1 for the power supply U s , a gate discharge resistor R2 for the switching transistor VT1, a discharge resistor R3 in the discharge network from the switch-on transistor for the self-holding circuit VT2, a gate leakage resistor R4 for the switch-on transistor VT2 and a steady resistor R5 for detecting the main current to generate the controlled variable.
  • a current limiting resistor R6, an overvoltage protection R7, a low-inductance intermediate circuit capacitor C1, an intermediate circuit capacitor C2 with a higher storage capacity, a smoothing capacitor C3, a capacitor C4 of the DRC relief network for the switch-on transistor VT2, and a smoothing capacitor C5 for the output load are also provided.
  • the switching arrangement VD1 has a false-polarity diode and freewheeling diode VD1, a fast diode VD2 of the DRC network for the switch-on transistor VT2, a gate voltage limiter VD3, a fast rectifier diode VD4 for processing the gate voltage for the switching transistor VT1, fast diodes for the output rectification VD5, VD6, VD7 and VD8 as well as a freewheeling diode VD9 for the switching transistor VT1, an input choke L1 (inrush current limitation), a thermal fuse F1 and an overcurrent fuse F2.
  • the additional diode VD9 is connected on the anode side to the node transformer T1 - switching transistor VT2 and on the cathode side is connected to the node of the cathodes VD6, VD8 of the rectifier bridge, which is formed by the diodes VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8.
  • terminals 1/2 which represent connections for the switch-on button, a terminal 3 as a feed input for the control power supply, a terminal 4 for the connection for the control of the switching transistor VT1, a terminal 5 as negative potential of the control voltage level, terminals 6/7 as a shunt voltage supply for the control circuit with the measuring field detection 1.2, terminals 8/9 as connection for the output load 2 of the electromagnetic drive system 2.
  • the reference symbol t A is the on-time and designated t dead, the dead time.
  • the proposed arrangement must ensure that in spite of the greatly increasing power requirement - in contrast to the generally known contactors - sufficient energy is provided for the magnet system at the end of the actuation time.
  • the switch-on process is started via the start button S1, so that the transistor VT1, which is in the blocking state, is bridged and the regulating and control circuit is activated via the series resistor R1; the control voltage preparation 1.1 is symbolized by ZD.
  • a pulse-width-modulated signal with a constant base frequency of 40 kHz is generated to create the pulse train.
  • the on-time t A is so dimensioned that under all environmental conditions the necessary pull-in time is observed in consideration of the allowable operating time for the pull magnets, as shown in Fig. 2 shown.
  • the pull magnets 2 are designed for short-term operation; Inadmissibly long operating times lead to destruction. Should the permissible operating time be exceeded in the event of a fault, the thermal fuse F1 trips as a result of the thermal coupling with the resistor R1.
  • Series resistor R1 and the reversible thermal fuse have the same basic housing shape (TO220) and are mechanically connected to one another at the thermal contact surfaces of these housings, so that reliable triggering in a defined manner is guaranteed in the event of a fault. By the choice of the resistor size results in an approximately thermally equivalent behavior to the pull magnets 2.
  • the transistor VT2 is activated by the regulation and control circuit 1 within the time t Ein of 1.6 s of the PWM circuit, a voltage is added to the control (input) voltage U B according to the transmission ratio of the transformer T1, which is formed by the rectifier bridge with VD5 to VD8 and smoothed by C5. This arrangement ensures that, by varying the PWM duty cycle, the voltage on the pull magnets can be brought to a value both below and above the control voltage.
  • the switch S1 can be opened again after closing; the self-holding circuit with VT1 continues to supply the circuit in that the reverse magnetization voltage from T1 is fed to the gate of VT1 via the diode VD4, the current limiting resistor R6 of the limiter and stabilization circuit with VD3, R2 and C3, so that it switches on.
  • the stage clocks with VT2 the power circuit remains switched on via VT1.
  • the stage switches off with VT2 and the power circuit is interrupted.
  • the switching process can be restarted. The dead time t tot prevents the drive system coils from being overloaded due to improper use.
  • the internal control voltage conditioning 1.1 also uses its own timer to ensure that the stabilization ZD is not overloaded by improperly pressing the on button S1 (continuous pressing); in such a case, 1.1 is forcibly switched off after a predetermined time which is longer than the normal operating time of the device.
  • the capacitors C1 and C2 are provided for adequate decoupling from the inherent resistances of the feeding source U B , whereby the low-inductance capacitor C1 feeds from VT2 at the moment of switch-on and takes over the alternating current component of the intermediate circuit capacitor C2 with the much higher capacitance and the higher internal resistance.
  • the choke L1 is intended to limit the inrush current and to discharge switch S1 in terms of current.
  • the circuit is equipped with a current control;
  • the main current in the power circuit is recorded via the shunt resistor R5 and fed to the measured value recording 1.2.
  • the measured value acquisition 1.2 provides the signals for the control and regulation circuit 1.3, which processes the pulse width pattern according to the specific characteristics of the electromagnetic drive system 2.
  • a number of specific feed characteristics can be stored in the control and regulating circuit 1.3, which can be selected in a corresponding manner and thus correspond to the respective purpose.
  • control and regulating circuit 1.3 will limit the output voltage.
  • the force-displacement characteristic is such that when the switching device 2 is transferred from one of the first switching position s 0 corresponding to the open position to a second switching position s End corresponding to the closed position via the travel s, a comparatively low initial force F Anf is initially required , which increases from a pressure point s 1 up to a maximum point of s 2 on a maximum force Fmax and after the maximum point of s 2 to the second switching position drops s end to end force F End.
  • the actuating force F is generated on the pull magnet ZM1, ZM2, so that the actuating force F is adapted to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2.
  • actuating force F By adapting the actuating force F to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2, mechanically gentle operation of the switching device 2 is ensured. In particular, an excessive actuating force F is avoided, which could lead to wear or even damage to the switching device 2 if mechanically operated components strike.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetischen Triebsystems für elektomechanische Vorrichtungen sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetischen Triebsystems für elektomechanische Vorrichtungen.The present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices and a method for operating a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices.

Elektromagnetische Triebsysteme werden in der Elektrotechnik häufig eingesetzt, um eine Kraftbeaufschlagung beweglicher mechanischer Bauteile zu realisieren. Solche Systeme verwenden bespielsweise Zugmagnete oder auch andere auf elektromagnetischer Basis arbeitende Baugruppen. Diese Triebsysteme werden unter anderem in Schützen, Schutzschaltern, Relais, Magnetventilen usw. in viefältiger Form eingesetzt.Electromagnetic drive systems are often used in electrical engineering to apply force to moving mechanical components. Such systems use, for example, pull magnets or other assemblies working on an electromagnetic basis. These drive systems are used in various forms in contactors, circuit breakers, relays, solenoid valves, etc.

Bei der Betätigung solcher Triebsysteme wird üblicherweise das magnetische System durch die Steuerspannungsquelle direkt erregt; dabei findet eine Beschleunigung mechanischer Bauteile, wie z. B. Anker oder auch Hebelsysteme, statt. Diese bewirken z. B. das Schließen vonSchaltkontakten. Kraftverlauf und Schließgeschwindigkeit sind in diesem Fall jedoch von der Höhe der angelegten Spannung abhängig.When such drive systems are operated, the magnetic system is usually directly excited by the control voltage source; there is an acceleration of mechanical components such. B. anchors or lever systems instead. These cause z. B. the closing of switch contacts. In this case, the force curve and closing speed are dependent on the level of the applied voltage.

Bekannt ist aber auch, daß die Energieversorgung der Triebsysteme oft mittels elektronischer Anordnungen (Vorschaltgeräte) so gesteuert wird, daß bei der Betätigung die Weg-Zeit-Charakteristik des Kraftverlaufs optimal den Erfordernissen des mechanischen Systems entspricht.However, it is also known that the power supply of the drive systems is often controlled by means of electronic arrangements (ballasts) in such a way that, when actuated, the path-time characteristic of the force curve optimally corresponds to the requirements of the mechanical system.

Aus der DE 20 2011 051 972 U1 ist bereits eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Ansteuern eines Schaltgerätes, welches eine erste Schaltstellung und eine zweite Schaltstellung aufweist und zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung und der zweiten Schaltstellung schaltbar ist, mit zumindest einer elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung zum Erzeugen einer Stellkraft zum Schalten des Schaltgeräts zwischen der ersten Schaltstellung und der zweiten Schaltstellung und einer Ansteuerschaltung zum Ansteuern der elektromagnetischen Betätigungseinrichtung, bekannt.From the DE 20 2011 051 972 U1 is already a circuit arrangement for controlling a switching device, which has a first switching position and a second switching position and can be switched between the first switching position and the second switching position, with at least one electromagnetic actuating device for generating an actuating force for switching the switching device between the first Switching position and the second switching position and a control circuit for controlling the electromagnetic actuating device are known.

Ferner offenbart die FR 2 803 956 A1 eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetischen Triebsystems für elektromechanische Vorrichtungen, mit wenigstens einer Steuerspannungsquelle, mit wenigstens einer Regel- und Steuerschaltung, mit wenigstens einem Triebsystem, mit wenigstens einem Übertrager, mit wenigstens einer Gleichrichterbrücke, mit wenigstens einem Glättungskondensator, mit wenigstens einem Hauptschalttransistor, mittels dessen das Triebsystem in einem charakteristischen Pulsfolgesystem ansteuerbar ist und wobei der Hauptschalttransistor mit einem Primärzweig des Übertragers in Reihe geschaltet ist, wobei der Übertrager mit der speisenden Spannung verbunden ist und die Sekundärseite des Übertragers die Gleichrichterbrücke speist. Ferner wird die Ausgangsgleichspannung der Gleichrichterbrücke durch den Glätungskondensator geglättet, so dass eine Speisung mit Gleichspannung mit einem zeitlichen Speiseverlauf erfolgt.Furthermore, the FR 2 803 956 A1 a circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic drive system for electromechanical devices, with at least one control voltage source, with at least one regulating and control circuit, with at least one drive system, with at least one transformer, with at least one rectifier bridge, with at least one smoothing capacitor, with at least one main switching transistor, by means of whose drive system can be controlled in a characteristic pulse train system and where the main switching transistor is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer, the transformer being connected to the supply voltage and the secondary side of the transformer supplying the rectifier bridge. In addition, the DC output voltage of the rectifier bridge is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor, so that the DC voltage is supplied with a supply curve over time.

Außerdem ist in der DE 198 51 973 A1 eine Schaltungsanordnung zur Gewinnung von Hilfsenergie zum Betrieb einer Steuereinheit eines Schaltgeräts aus einem durch einen Hauptstrompfad des Schaltgeräts fließenden Strom gezeigt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus einer vom Strom im Hauptstrompfad abhängigen Spannung durch Takten, Transformieren auf die Sekundärseite eines Übertragers und Gleichrichten eine Versorgungsgleichspannung für die Steuereinheit gewonnen wird, wobei die genannte Spannung an einer Reihenschaltung aus einem Übertrager und einem in Abhängigkeit von dessen Sekundärspannung durch eine Ansteuerschaltung (PWM) pulsbreitenmoduliert gesteuerten Halbleiterschalter angelegt ist, und die Ansteuerschaltung (PWM) über einen Schalter zeitweise mit einer Startgleichspannung beaufschlagbar ist.In addition, the DE 198 51 973 A1 a circuit arrangement for generating auxiliary energy for operating a control unit of a switching device from a current flowing through a main current path of the switching device is shown, characterized in that a DC supply voltage for the from a voltage dependent on the current in the main current path by clocking, transforming to the secondary side of a transformer and rectifying Control unit is obtained, said voltage being applied to a series circuit consisting of a transformer and a semiconductor switch that is pulse-width-modulated depending on its secondary voltage by a control circuit (PWM), and the control circuit (PWM) can be temporarily supplied with a starting DC voltage via a switch.

Des Weiteren zeigt die DE 197 44 202 A1 eine Sperrwandlerschaltung, gespeist aus einer insbesondere hochohmigen Spannungsquelle, mit einem Transformator einem Schalttransistor, der durch eine Pulsweiten-Modulatorschaltung gesteuert ist, und mit einem Ausgang, wobei bezogen auf die Eingangsanschlüsse des Sperrwandlers der Primärstromkreis seines Transformators mit dem sekundärseitigen Ausgang galvanisch in Reihe geschaltet ist.Furthermore, the DE 197 44 202 A1 a flyback converter circuit, fed from a particularly high-resistance voltage source, with a transformer, a switching transistor which is controlled by a pulse width modulator circuit, and with an output, with the reference to the input terminals of the flyback converter The primary circuit of its transformer is galvanically connected in series with the output on the secondary side.

Im Übrigen betrifft die JP 3 062707 B2 eine Ansteuerschaltung für eine induktive Last, die angehalten werden muss, um die Verzögerung des Lastbetriebs zu reduzieren. Wenn eine Last betätigt wird, werden gleichgerichtete Ausgangssignale erzeugt, und eine hohe Spannung, die durch Summieren beider Ausgangssignale erhalten wird, wird der Last zugeführt. Wenn eine spezifizierte Zeit nach der Betätigung verstrichen ist, wird die Ausgabe von einer Differenzierschaltung gestoppt und demzufolge wird auch die gleichgerichtete Ausgabe gestoppt; Die Last wird auf einer niedrigen Spannung betrieben, die nur von dem gleichgerichteten Ausgang herrührt. Wenn der Lastantrieb gestoppt wird, ist daher die in der Last gespeicherte Energie niedriger als die herkömmliche, was die Verzögerung des Betriebsstopps reduziert. Das Einfügen einer Zener-Diode in eine Lastversorgungsschaltung kann die Verzögerung des Betriebsstopps weiter reduzieren.Incidentally, the JP 3 062707 B2 a drive circuit for an inductive load that must be stopped in order to reduce the delay in load operation. When a load is operated, rectified output signals are generated and a high voltage obtained by summing both output signals is applied to the load. When a specified time has passed after the operation, the output from a differentiating circuit is stopped, and accordingly the rectified output is also stopped; The load is operated at a low voltage resulting only from the rectified output. Therefore, when the load drive is stopped, the energy stored in the load is lower than the conventional one, which reduces the delay in stopping the operation. Adding a Zener diode to a load supply circuit can further reduce the delay in stopping operation.

Die Betätigung vorgenannter Triebsysteme durch direkte Beaufschlagung der Magnetsysteme mit der zur Verfügung stehenden Steuerspannung besitzt den Nachteil, dass der eingespeiste Steuerstrom und damit die Magnetkraft in der Regel nicht der vorliegenden Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des angetriebenen mechanischen Systems angepasst ist.The actuation of the aforementioned drive systems by applying the available control voltage directly to the magnet systems has the disadvantage that the control current fed in, and thus the magnetic force, is usually not adapted to the existing force-displacement characteristic of the mechanical system being driven.

Die bekannten elektronischen Vorschaltgeräte zum Betrieb von magnetischen Triebsystemen takten die Magnetsysteme direkt über einen oder mehrere elektonische Schalter. Nachteilig dabei ist, dass die vorhandene Steuerspannung zwar reduziert, aber nicht erhöht werden kann.The known electronic ballasts for operating magnetic drive systems clock the magnet systems directly via one or more electronic switches. The disadvantage here is that the existing control voltage can be reduced, but not increased.

In einer Reihe von Einsatzfällen dieser Triebsysteme ist es jedoch vorteilhaft, die Steuerspannung zur Betätigung erforderlichenfalls auch erhöhen zu können. Sonst ist in diesen Einsatzfällen - zum Beispiel in Unterspannungssituationen - eine sichere Betätigung nicht möglich.In a number of applications of these drive systems, however, it is advantageous to be able to increase the control voltage for actuation if necessary. Otherwise, safe operation is not possible in these applications - for example in low voltage situations.

Desweitern dienen diese Vorschaltgeräte vorzugsweise der Betätigung von Schaltgeräten in Form von Schützen, bei denen der Kraftbedarf zunächst hoch, dann aber zeitlich abfallend ist.Furthermore, these ballasts are preferably used to operate switching devices in the form of contactors, in which the power requirement is initially high, but then decreases over time.

Durch die direkte Taktung des elektrischen Triebsystems entsteht außerdem ein Störspannungsspektrum, welches sich negativ auf andere elektronische Systeme auswirken kann. Auch bewirkt die Steilheit der Impulse eine erhöhte Belastung des Wicklungsaufbaus der Magnetsysteme, die meistens für den Gleichspannungs- oder den niederfrequenten Wechselspannungsbetrieb konzipiert sind. Die getaktete Betriebsweise kann somit Schäden an der Wicklung des Magnetsystems hervorrufen.The direct timing of the electrical drive system also creates an interference voltage spectrum that can have a negative effect on other electronic systems. The steepness of the pulses also causes an increased load on the winding structure of the magnet systems, which are mostly designed for direct voltage or low-frequency alternating voltage operation. The clocked mode of operation can therefore cause damage to the winding of the magnet system.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Schaltungsanordnung und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schaltungsanordnung in vorteilhafter Weise weiterzubilden, insbesondere dahingehend, dass im gesamten Eingangsspannungs- und Temperaturbereich ein sicherer und mechanisch schonender Betrieb ohne wesentliche Störaussendung gewährleistet ist, und es möglich ist, solche Triebsysteme zu betätigen, die bei der Betätigung einen zeitlich stark ansteigenden Kraftbedarf sowie auch eine mechisch verriegelte, stabile Endlage aufweisen.It is therefore the object of the present invention to develop a circuit arrangement and a method for operating a circuit arrangement in an advantageous manner, in particular to the effect that safe and mechanically gentle operation without significant interference is ensured in the entire input voltage and temperature range, and it is possible to operate such drive systems which, when operated, have a strongly increasing power requirement as well as a mechanically locked, stable end position.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eine Schaltungsanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 oder des Anspruchs 12, oder durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7. Danach ist vorgesehen, dass eine Schaltungsanordnung bereitgestellt wird zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetisches Triebsysteme für elektomechanische Vorrichtungen, insbesondere mit mechanisch verriegelter Endlage, mit wenigstens einer Steuerspannungsquelle, mit wenigstens einer Regel- und Steuerschaltung, mit wenigstens einem Triebsystem, mit wenigstens einem Übertrager, mit wenigstens einer Gleichrichterbrücke, mit wenigstens einem Glättungskondensator, mit wenigstens einem Hauptschalttransistor, mittels dessen das Triebsystem in einem charakteristischen Pulsfolgesystem ansteuerbar ist und wobei der Hauptschalttransistor mit einem Primärzweig des Übertragers in Reihe geschaltet ist, wobei der Übertrager mit der speisenden Spannung verbunden ist und die Sekundärseite des Übertragers die Gleichrichterbrücke speist, deren Ausgangsgleichspannung durch den Glättungskondensator geglättet und zur Spannung der Steuerspannungsquelle addiert wird, so dass eine Speisung mit Gleichspannung mit einem zeitlichen Speiseverlauf erfolgt.This object is achieved according to the invention by a circuit arrangement with the features of claim 1 or claim 12, or by a method according to claim 7. It is then provided that a circuit arrangement is provided for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices, in particular with a mechanically locked end position , with at least one control voltage source, with at least one regulating and control circuit, with at least one drive system, with at least one transformer, with at least one rectifier bridge, with at least one smoothing capacitor, with at least one main switching transistor, by means of which the drive system can be controlled in a characteristic pulse train system and the main switching transistor being connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer, the transformer being connected to the supply voltage and the secondary side of the transformer supplying the rectifier bridge, d er output DC voltage is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and added to the voltage of the control voltage source is, so that a supply with DC voltage takes place with a time supply curve.

Die Erfindung basiert auf dem Grundgedanken, dass eine getaktete transformatorische Wandlerstufe mittels einer Steuer- und Regelschaltung die für den spezifischen Betrieb des elektromagnetischen Triebsystems erforderliche elektrische Speisecharakteristik im gesamten Eingangsspannungs- und Temperaturbereich ohne gepulste Beaufschlagung der Triebsystemspulen bereitstellt. Die aus dem Stand der Technik aufgezeigten Nachteile der bekannten Ansteuerungen werden vermieden und eine Schaltungsanordnung bereitgestellt, welche das Magnetsystem genannter Triebsysteme, insbesondere jene mit Gleichstrommagnetspulen, so betreibt, dass im gesamten Eingangsspannungs- und Temperaturbereich ein sicherer und mechanisch schonender Betrieb ohne wesentliche Störaussendung gewährleistet ist, und auch erlaubt, solche Triebsysteme zu betätigen, die bei der Betätigung einen zeitlich stark ansteigenden Kraftbedarf sowie auch eine mechisch verriegelte, stabile Endlage aufweisen.The invention is based on the basic idea that a clocked transformer stage by means of a control and regulating circuit provides the electrical feed characteristics required for the specific operation of the electromagnetic drive system in the entire input voltage and temperature range without pulsed application of the drive system coils. The disadvantages of the known controls identified from the prior art are avoided and a circuit arrangement is provided which operates the magnet system of the drive systems mentioned, in particular those with direct current magnet coils, in such a way that safe and mechanically gentle operation is guaranteed in the entire input voltage and temperature range without significant interference , and also allows the actuation of drive systems which, when actuated, have a force requirement that increases rapidly over time and also have a mechanically locked, stable end position.

Bei dem Betrieb von Schaltgeräten mit elektromagnetischem Triebsystem, beispielsweise Batterieschutzschaltern mit Zugmagneten im Triebsystem und mechanisch verriegelter Endlage, Schütz- und Relaisspulen sowie Magnetventilen mit elektromagnetischer Ventilsteuerung, ergeben sich durch den inneren Aufbau eingeschränkte Betriebsspannungsbereiche und ein erhöhter Verschleiß der mechanisch bewegten Komponenten. Bei Betrieb mit einer getakteten Spannung entsteht eine Störaussendung, die elektronische Schaltungen beeinflussen können.When operating switching devices with an electromagnetic drive system, for example battery circuit breakers with pull magnets in the drive system and mechanically locked end positions, contactor and relay coils as well as solenoid valves with electromagnetic valve control, the internal structure results in restricted operating voltage ranges and increased wear on the mechanically moved components. When operating with a clocked voltage, interference is emitted that can affect electronic circuits.

Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile ist nun erfindungsgemäß eine Schaltungsanordnung bereitgestellt, die eine geregelte Gleichspannung mit einer dem für das Triebsystem zuträglichen Speiseverlauf mittels einer Schaltstufe und Übertrageranordnung mit nachgeschaltetem Gleichrichter bereitstellt und auch ermöglicht, erforderlichenfalls die Betätigungsspannung über die vorhandene und gegebenfalls stark toleranzbehaftete Steuerspannung zu erhöhen. Damit wird deren sichere Einschaltung, wie im beispielhaften Fall eines Batterieschutzschalters mit Zugmagneten im Triebsystem und batteriegepufferter Stromversorgungsanlage bei Vorliegen eines weiten Eingangsspannungsbereiches gewährleistet. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Schaltungsanordnung eine schonende und damit lebensdauerverlängernde Betriebsweise der mechanisch bewegten Teile. Durch die Speisung der Triebsysteme mit einer Gleichspannug wird die Störaussendung, insbesondere bei längeren Leitungsverlegungen zwischen der beschriebenen Schaltungsanordnung und dem Triebsystem, weitgehend vermieden.To avoid these disadvantages, a circuit arrangement is now provided according to the invention which provides a regulated DC voltage with a supply curve that is beneficial for the drive system by means of a switching stage and transformer arrangement with a downstream rectifier and also enables the actuating voltage to be increased if necessary via the existing and possibly highly tolerant control voltage. This ensures that they can be switched on safely, as in the exemplary case of a battery circuit breaker with pull magnets in the drive system and battery-buffered power supply system when there is a large one Input voltage range guaranteed. In addition, the circuit arrangement enables the mechanically moving parts to be operated in a manner that is gentle and therefore extends the service life. By supplying the drive systems with a direct voltage, the emission of interference is largely avoided, particularly when cables are laid between the described circuit arrangement and the drive system.

Es kann eine Zusatzdiode vorgesehen sein, die anodenseitig mit dem Knoten Übertrager - Hauptschalttransistor verbunden und kathodenseitig mit dem Knoten der Kathoden der Gleichrichterbrücke verbunden ist.An additional diode can be provided which is connected on the anode side to the node transformer - main switching transistor and on the cathode side is connected to the node of the cathodes of the rectifier bridge.

Die Gleichrichterbrücke kann durch mehrere Dioden ausgebildet sein. Diese Dioden können beispielsweise schnelle Dioden für die Ausgangsgleichrichtung sein.The rectifier bridge can be formed by a plurality of diodes. These diodes can, for example, be fast diodes for output rectification.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein zweiter Transistor vorgesehen ist und dass die Schaltanordnung derart schaltbar ist, dass eine Halteschaltung mittels eines zweiten Transistors im Leistungskreis aktivierbar ist mithilfe der Rückmagnetisierungsenergie des Übertragers für die Einschaltzeit durch die Aufbereitung einer Gatespannung, wodurch der zweite Transistor angesteuert und nach Ablauf der Einschaltzeit durch das Abschalten des Hauptschalttransistors und dem Fortfall der Rückmagnetisierungsenergie gesperrt wird.Furthermore, provision can be made for a second transistor to be provided and for the switching arrangement to be switchable in such a way that a holding circuit can be activated by means of a second transistor in the power circuit with the aid of the reverse magnetization energy of the transformer for the switch-on time by processing a gate voltage, thereby driving the second transistor and after the switch-on time has elapsed, the main switching transistor is switched off and the magnetizing back energy is no longer available.

Darüber hinaus ist möglich, dass die Regel- und Steuerschaltung eine PWM-Schaltung (PWM = Pulsweistenmodulation) mit Einschaltzeitbegrenzung aufweist und dass mittels der PWM-Schaltung eine der Spezifik des Triebsystems entsprechendes Impulsmuster abgespeichert ist, welches durch eine entsprechende Anwahl dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck zugeteilt werden kann.In addition, it is possible that the regulating and control circuit has a PWM circuit (PWM = pulse width modulation) with a switch-on time limit and that a pulse pattern corresponding to the specifics of the drive system is stored by means of the PWM circuit, which is assigned to the respective purpose by means of a corresponding selection can.

Außerdem kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Schaltungsanordnung eine Microcontrollerschaltung aufweist und dass für die koordinierte Steuerung und Impulsaufbereitung die Microcontrollerschaltung eingesetzt wird.It can also be provided that the circuit arrangement has a microcontroller circuit and that the microcontroller circuit is used for the coordinated control and pulse processing.

Zudem ist es möglich, dass eine Thermosicherung, insbesondere eine reversible Thermosicherung, und ein Vorwiderstand für die Steuerstromversorgung, die derart angeordnet sind, dass für den Fehlerfall im Hauptstrompfad die Kombination aus der Thermosicherung und dem Vorwiderstad derart angeordnet und schaltbar ist, dass die durch thermische Verbindung von Thermosicherung und Vorwiderstad Hauptstrompfad unterbrechbar ist.In addition, it is possible that a thermal fuse, in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control power supply, which are arranged in such a way that in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is arranged and switchable in such a way that the thermal Connection of thermal fuse and pre-resistor main current path is interruptible.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Schaltungsanordnung weiter eine Sicherheitsschaltung mit einem Optokoppler und mit einer Z-Diode aufweist, die derart schaltbar ist, dass im Falle der Unterbrechung der Ausgangslast eine unzulässig hohe Ausgangsspannung dadurch vermieden wird, dass die Sicherheitsschaltung dergestalt anspricht, dass der Optokoppler über die Z-Diode von der zu hohen Ausgangsspannung im Fehlerfall angesteuert wird und somit der Ausgang des Optokopplers auf die Steuer- und Regelschaltung wirkt und somit die Einschaltdauer für den Leistungstransistor so reduziert wird, dass die Ausgangsspannung auf eine zu lässige Höhe begrenzt bleibt.Furthermore, it can be provided that the circuit arrangement further has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Zener diode, which can be switched in such a way that, in the event of an interruption of the output load, an impermissibly high output voltage is avoided in that the safety circuit responds in such a way that The optocoupler is controlled via the Zener diode by the output voltage that is too high in the event of a fault and thus the output of the optocoupler acts on the control and regulation circuit and thus the switch-on time for the power transistor is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level .

Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schaltungsanordnung.The present invention also relates to a method for operating a circuit arrangement.

Dabei wird bei einem Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetisches Triebsysteme für elektomechanische Vorrichtungen, insbesondere mit mechanisch verriegelter Endlage, mit wenigstens einer Steuerspannungsquelle, mit wenigstens einer Regel- und Steuerschaltung, mit wenigstens einem Triebsystem, mit wenigstens einem Übertrager, mit wenigstens einer Gleichrichterbrücke, mit wenigstens einem Glättungskondensator, mit wenigstens einem Hauptschalttransistor, mittels dessen das Triebsystem in einem charakteristischen Pulsfolgesystem in wenigstens einem Betriebszustand angesteuert wird und wobei der Hauptschalttransistor mit einem Primärzweig des Übertragers in Reihe geschaltet ist, derart verfahren, dass der Übertrager mit der speisenden Spannung verbunden ist und die Sekundärseite des Übertragers die Gleichrichterbrücke speist, deren Ausgangsgleichspannung durch den Glättungskondensator geglättet und zur Spannung der Steuerspannungsquelle addiert wird, so dass eine Speisung mit Gleichspannung mit einem zeitlichen Speiseverlauf erfolgt.In a method for operating a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system for electomechanical devices, in particular with a mechanically locked end position, with at least one control voltage source, with at least one regulating and control circuit, with at least one drive system, with at least one transformer, with at least one Rectifier bridge, with at least one smoothing capacitor, with at least one main switching transistor, by means of which the drive system is controlled in a characteristic pulse train system in at least one operating state and wherein the main switching transistor is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer, proceed in such a way that the transformer with the supply voltage is connected and the secondary side of the transformer feeds the rectifier bridge, the output DC voltage of which is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor and added to the voltage of the control voltage source is, so that a supply with DC voltage takes place with a time supply curve.

Des Weiteren kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein zweiter Transistor vorgesehen ist und dass die Schaltanordnung im Betrieb derart geschaltet wird, daß eine Halteschaltung mittels eines zweiten Transistors im Leistungskreis aktiviert wird mithilfe der Rückmagnetisierungsenergie des Übertragers für die Einschaltzeit durch die Aufbereitung einer Gatespannung, wodurch ein zweiter Transistor angesteuert und nach Ablauf der Einschaltzeit durch das Abschalten des Haupttransistors und dem Fortfall der Rückmagnetisierungsenergie gesperrt wird.Furthermore, it can be provided that a second transistor is provided and that the switching arrangement is switched during operation in such a way that a holding circuit is activated by means of a second transistor in the power circuit with the aid of the reverse magnetization energy of the transformer for the switch-on time by processing a gate voltage, whereby a second The transistor is controlled and, after the switch-on time has elapsed, the main transistor is switched off and the reverse magnetization energy is no longer available.

Darüber hinaus kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Regel- und Steuerschaltung eine PWM-Schaltung mit Einschaltzeitbegrenzung aufweist und dass mittels der PWM-Schaltung eine der Spezifik des Triebsystems entsprechendes Impulsmuster abgespeichert ist, welches durch eine entsprechende Anwahl dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck zugeteilt werden kann.In addition, it can be provided that the regulating and control circuit has a PWM circuit with a switch-on time limit and that a pulse pattern corresponding to the specifics of the drive system is stored by means of the PWM circuit, which pulse pattern can be assigned to the respective purpose by selecting it accordingly.

Außerdem ist möglich, dass eine Thermosicherung, insbesondere eine reversible Thermosicherung, und ein Vorwiderstand für die Steuerstromversorgung, die derart angeordnet sind, dass für den Fehlerfall im Hauptstrompfad die Kombination aus der Thermosicherung und dem Vorwiderstand derart geschaltet wird, dass die durch thermische Verbindung von Thermosicherung und Vorwiderstad Hauptstrompfad unterbrochen wird.It is also possible that a thermal fuse, in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control power supply, which are arranged in such a way that in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is switched in such a way that the thermal connection of the thermal fuse and Vorwiderstad main current path is interrupted.

Zudem kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Schaltungsanordnung weiter eine Sicherheitsschaltung mit einem Optokoppler und mit einer Z-Diode aufweist, die im Fehlerfall derart geschaltet wird, dass im Falle der Unterbrechung der Ausgangslast eine unzulässig hohe Ausgangsspannung dadurch vermieden wird, dass die Sicherheitsschaltung dergestalt anspricht, dass der Optokoppler über die Z-Diode von der zu hohen Ausgangsspannung im Fehlerfall angesteuert wird und somit der Ausgang des Optokopplers auf die Steuer-und Regelschaltung wirkt und somit die Einschaltdauer für den Leistungstransistor so reduziert wird, dass die Ausgangsspannung auf eine zulässige Höhe begrenzt bleibt.In addition, it can be provided that the circuit arrangement further has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Zener diode, which in the event of a fault is switched in such a way that in the event of an interruption of the output load, an inadmissibly high output voltage is avoided by the safety circuit responding in such a way that the optocoupler is controlled by the excessively high output voltage in the event of a fault via the Z-diode and thus the output of the optocoupler acts on the control and regulation circuit and thus the switch-on time for the power transistor is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level .

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung sollen nun anhand eines in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.Further details and advantages of the invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Prinzipschaltbild für ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Betätigung eines elektromagnetischen Triebsystems sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren hierzu; und
Fig. 2
den quantitativen Verlauf der Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Einschaltmechanismus der Schaltanordnung gemäß Fig. 1.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a basic circuit diagram for an embodiment of a circuit arrangement for actuating an electromagnetic drive system and a corresponding method for this; and
Fig. 2
the quantitative course of the force-travel characteristic of the switching mechanism of the switching arrangement according to Fig. 1 .

Fig. 1 zeigt ein Prinzipschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Schaltungsanordnung, hier ausgeführt als Batterieschutzschalter mit einem Zugmagneten, dessen Schaltungs- und Funktionsprinzip in Fig. 1 sowie nachstehend näher dargestellt ist. Fig. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of an embodiment of a circuit arrangement, designed here as a battery circuit breaker with a pull magnet, the circuit and functional principle in Fig. 1 and is shown in more detail below.

Die Schaltungsanordnung weist eine Regel- und Steuerschaltung 1 auf, die im Einzelnen eine Stabilisierungsschaltung für die interne Steuerspannung Us mit ZD 1.1, eine Messwerterfassung 1.2, eine PWM-Schaltung (Pulsweitenmodulations-Schaltung) mit Einschaltbegrenzung t 1.3 sowie eine Treiberschaltung 1.4 für den Leistungsschalter (VT2) aufweist.The circuit arrangement has a regulating and control circuit 1, which in detail includes a stabilization circuit for the internal control voltage U s with ZD 1.1, measured value acquisition 1.2, a PWM circuit (pulse width modulation circuit) with switch-on limitation t 1.3 and a driver circuit 1.4 for the power switch (VT2).

Des Weiteren weist die Schaltanordnung ein elektromagnetisches Triebsystem 2 auf.The switching arrangement also has an electromagnetic drive system 2.

Die Schaltanordnung ist an eine Steuerspannungsquelle mit einer Betriebsspannung (UB) angeschlossen.The switching arrangement is connected to a control voltage source with an operating voltage (U B ).

Mit dem Bezugszeichen MB ist das Minuspotential (Hauptstrom) bezeichnet.The reference symbol MB denotes the negative potential (main current).

Des Weiteren weist die Schaltanordnung einen Einschalttaster S1, einen Vorwiderstand R1 für die Stromversorgung Us, einen Gateableitwiderstand R2 für den Schalttransistor VT1, einen Entladewiderstand R3 im Entlastungsnetzwerk vom Einschalttransistor für die Selbsthalteschaltung VT2, einen Gateableitwiderstand R4 für den Einschalttransistor VT2 sowie einen Standwiderstand R5 zur Erfassung des Hauptstroms zur Generierung der Regelgröße auf. Weiter sind ein Strombegrenzungswiderstand R6, ein Überspannungsschutz R7, ein niederinduktiver Zwischenkreiskondensator C1, ein Zwischenkreiskondensator C2 mit höherer Speicherkapazität, ein Glättungskondensator C3, ein Kondensator C4 des DRC-Entlastungsnetzwerks für den Einschalttransistor VT2, ein Glättungskondensator C5 für die Ausgangslast vorgesehen. Außerdem weist die Schaltanordnung VD1 eine Falschpoldiode und Freilaufdiode VD1, eine schnelle Diode VD2 des DRC-Netzwerks für den Einschalttransistor VT2, eine Gatespannungsbegrenzung VD3, eine schnelle Gleichrichterdiode VD4 zur Aufbereitung der Gatespannung für den Schalttransistor VT1, schnelle Dioden für die Ausgangsgleichrichtung VD5, VD6, VD7 und VD8 sowie eine Freilaufdiode VD9 für den Schalttransistor VT1, eine Eingangsdrossel L1 (Einschaltstrombegrenzung), eine Thermoschmelzsicherung F1 sowie eine Überstromsicherung F2 auf.Furthermore, the switching arrangement has a switch-on button S1, a series resistor R1 for the power supply U s , a gate discharge resistor R2 for the switching transistor VT1, a discharge resistor R3 in the discharge network from the switch-on transistor for the self-holding circuit VT2, a gate leakage resistor R4 for the switch-on transistor VT2 and a steady resistor R5 for detecting the main current to generate the controlled variable. A current limiting resistor R6, an overvoltage protection R7, a low-inductance intermediate circuit capacitor C1, an intermediate circuit capacitor C2 with a higher storage capacity, a smoothing capacitor C3, a capacitor C4 of the DRC relief network for the switch-on transistor VT2, and a smoothing capacitor C5 for the output load are also provided. In addition, the switching arrangement VD1 has a false-polarity diode and freewheeling diode VD1, a fast diode VD2 of the DRC network for the switch-on transistor VT2, a gate voltage limiter VD3, a fast rectifier diode VD4 for processing the gate voltage for the switching transistor VT1, fast diodes for the output rectification VD5, VD6, VD7 and VD8 as well as a freewheeling diode VD9 for the switching transistor VT1, an input choke L1 (inrush current limitation), a thermal fuse F1 and an overcurrent fuse F2.

Die Zusatzdiode VD9 ist anodenseitig mit dem Knoten Übertrager T1 - Schalttransistor VT2 verbunden und kathodenseitig mit dem Knoten der Kathoden VD6, VD8 der Gleichrichterbrücke, die durch die Dioden VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8 ausgebildet ist, verbunden ist.The additional diode VD9 is connected on the anode side to the node transformer T1 - switching transistor VT2 and on the cathode side is connected to the node of the cathodes VD6, VD8 of the rectifier bridge, which is formed by the diodes VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8.

Ferner sind Klemmen 1/2, die Anschlüsse für den Einschalttaster darstellen, eine Klemme 3 als Speiseeingang für die Steuerstromversorgung, eine Klemme 4 für den Anschluss für die Ansteuerung des Schalttransistors VT1, eine Klemme 5 als Minuspotential der Steuerspannungsebene, Klemmen 6/7 als Shuntspannungszuführung für die Regelschaltung mit der Messfelderfassung 1.2, Klemmen 8/9 als Anschluss für die Ausgangslast 2 des elektromagnetischen Triebsystems 2.Furthermore, there are terminals 1/2, which represent connections for the switch-on button, a terminal 3 as a feed input for the control power supply, a terminal 4 for the connection for the control of the switching transistor VT1, a terminal 5 as negative potential of the control voltage level, terminals 6/7 as a shunt voltage supply for the control circuit with the measuring field detection 1.2, terminals 8/9 as connection for the output load 2 of the electromagnetic drive system 2.

Mit dem Bezugszeichen tEin ist die Einschaltzeit und mit ttot die Totzeit bezeichnet.The reference symbol t A is the on-time and designated t dead, the dead time.

Die Funktionsweise der Steueranordnung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden nun wie nachstehend erläutert:
Der Batterieschutzschalter erreicht im eingeschalteten Zustand eine mechanisch verriegelte, stabile Endlage. Die Funktion des sicheren Anzuges der Zugmagnete und des zuverlässigen Erreichens der mechanisch fixierten Endlage des Batterieschutzschalters muss in einem Spannungsbereich von 65 V bis 150 V gewährleistet sein, wobei die Nennsteuerspannung 110V beträgt.The mode of operation of the control arrangement and the method according to the invention will now be explained as follows:
When switched on, the battery circuit breaker reaches a mechanically locked, stable end position. The function of the safe tightening of the pull magnets and the reliable reaching of the mechanically fixed end position of the battery circuit breaker must be guaranteed in a voltage range of 65 V to 150 V, whereby the nominal control voltage is 110V.

Bei dieser Anwendung muss die vorgeschlagene Anordnung absichern, daß trotz stark ansteigendem Kraftbedarf - im Gegensatz zu den allgemein bekannten Schützen - am Ende der Betätigungszeit ausreichend Energie für das Magnetsystem bereitgestellt wird.In this application, the proposed arrangement must ensure that in spite of the greatly increasing power requirement - in contrast to the generally known contactors - sufficient energy is provided for the magnet system at the end of the actuation time.

Über den Starttaster S1 wird der Einschaltvorgang gestartet, so dass der im Sperrzustand befindliche Transistor VT1 überbrückt und die Regel- und Steuerschaltung über den Vorwiderstand R1 aktiviert wird; die Steuerspannungsaufbereitung 1.1 ist durch ZD symbolisiert. Für die Bildung der Impulsfolge wird ein impulsweitenmoduliertes Signal mit einer konstanten Grundfrequenz von 40 kHz erzeugt.The switch-on process is started via the start button S1, so that the transistor VT1, which is in the blocking state, is bridged and the regulating and control circuit is activated via the series resistor R1; the control voltage preparation 1.1 is symbolized by ZD. A pulse-width-modulated signal with a constant base frequency of 40 kHz is generated to create the pulse train.

Die Einschaltzeit tEin ist so bemessen, daß unter allen Umgebungsbedingungen die erforderliche Anzugszeit unter Berücksichtigung der zulässigen Betriebszeit für die Zugmagnete eingehalten wird, wie in Fig.2 dargestellt.The on-time t A is so dimensioned that under all environmental conditions the necessary pull-in time is observed in consideration of the allowable operating time for the pull magnets, as shown in Fig. 2 shown.

Die Zugmagnete 2 sind für den Kurzzeitbetrieb ausgelegt; unzulässig lange Betriebszeiten führen zur Zerstörung. Sollte im Fehlerfall die zulässige Betriebszeit überschritten werden, löst die Thermoschmelzsicherung F1 infolge der thermischen Kopplung mit dem Widerstand R1 aus. Vorwiderstand R1 und die reversible Thermosicherung weisen die gleiche Gehäusegrundform (TO220) auf und sind an den thermischen Kontaktflächen dieser Gehäuse mechanisch miteinander verbunden, so dass im Fehlerfall eine sichere Auslösung in definierter weise gewährleistet ist. Durch die Wahl der Widerstandsbaugröße entsteht ein annähernd thermisch äquivalentes Verhalten zu den Zugmagneten 2.The pull magnets 2 are designed for short-term operation; Inadmissibly long operating times lead to destruction. Should the permissible operating time be exceeded in the event of a fault, the thermal fuse F1 trips as a result of the thermal coupling with the resistor R1. Series resistor R1 and the reversible thermal fuse have the same basic housing shape (TO220) and are mechanically connected to one another at the thermal contact surfaces of these housings, so that reliable triggering in a defined manner is guaranteed in the event of a fault. By the choice of the resistor size results in an approximately thermally equivalent behavior to the pull magnets 2.

Der Transistor VT2 wird durch die Regel und Steuerschaltung 1 innerhalb der Zeit tEin von 1,6 s der PWM-Schaltung angesteuert, dabei wird zu der Steuer - (Eingangs-) spannung UB entsprechend des Übersetzungsverhältnisses des Übertragers T1 eine Spannug addiert, die durch die Gleichrichterbrücke mit VD5 bis VD8 gebildet und durch C5 geglättet wird. Durch diese Anornung wird erreicht, dass durch Variation des PWM-Tastverhältnisses die Spannung an den Zugmagneten auf einen Wert sowohl unterhalb als auch oberhalb der Steuerspannung gebracht werden kann. Der Schalter S1 kann nach dem Schließen wieder geöffnet werden; die Selbshalteschaltung mit VT1 versorgt die Schaltung weiter, indem die Rückmagnetisierungsspannung von T1 über die Diode VD4, dem Strombegrenzungswiderstand R6 der Begrenzer- und Stabilisierungsschaltung mit VD3, R2 und C3 dem Gate von VT1 zugeführt wird, so dass dieser einschaltet. Solange die Stufe mit VT2 taktet, bleibt der Leistungskreis über VT1 eingeschaltet. Nach dem Aublauf der Zeit tEin schaltet die Stufe mit VT2 ab, der Leistungskreis wird unterbrochen. Nach Ablauf einer Totzeit ttot kann der Schaltvorgang erneut gestartet werden. Die Totzeit ttot verhindert, dass durch unsachgemässen Gebrauch die Triebsystemspulen überlastet werden.The transistor VT2 is activated by the regulation and control circuit 1 within the time t Ein of 1.6 s of the PWM circuit, a voltage is added to the control (input) voltage U B according to the transmission ratio of the transformer T1, which is formed by the rectifier bridge with VD5 to VD8 and smoothed by C5. This arrangement ensures that, by varying the PWM duty cycle, the voltage on the pull magnets can be brought to a value both below and above the control voltage. The switch S1 can be opened again after closing; the self-holding circuit with VT1 continues to supply the circuit in that the reverse magnetization voltage from T1 is fed to the gate of VT1 via the diode VD4, the current limiting resistor R6 of the limiter and stabilization circuit with VD3, R2 and C3, so that it switches on. As long as the stage clocks with VT2, the power circuit remains switched on via VT1. After the time t On has elapsed, the stage switches off with VT2 and the power circuit is interrupted. After a dead time t tot has elapsed, the switching process can be restarted. The dead time t tot prevents the drive system coils from being overloaded due to improper use.

Die interne Steuerspannungsaufbereitung 1.1 sichert außerdem durch eine eigene Zeitstufe ab, dass durch eine unsachgemäße Betätigung des Ein-Tasters S1 (Dauereintastung) die Stabilisierung ZD nicht überlastet wird; in einem solchen Fall wird 1.1 nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit, die über der normalen Betriebszeit der Einrichtung liegt, zwangsweise abgeschaltet.The internal control voltage conditioning 1.1 also uses its own timer to ensure that the stabilization ZD is not overloaded by improperly pressing the on button S1 (continuous pressing); in such a case, 1.1 is forcibly switched off after a predetermined time which is longer than the normal operating time of the device.

Für eine ausreichende Entkopplung von den inherenten Widerständen der speisenden Quelle UB sind die Kondensatoren C1 und C2 vorgesehen, wobei durch niederinduktiven Kondensator C1 im Einschaltmoment von VT2 speist und darüber den Wechselstromanteil des Zwischenkreiskondensators C2 mit der wesentlich höheren Kapazität und dem höheren Innenwiderstand übernimmt.The capacitors C1 and C2 are provided for adequate decoupling from the inherent resistances of the feeding source U B , whereby the low-inductance capacitor C1 feeds from VT2 at the moment of switch-on and takes over the alternating current component of the intermediate circuit capacitor C2 with the much higher capacitance and the higher internal resistance.

Die Drossel L1 ist für die Einschaltstrombegrenzung und die strommäßige Entlastung von Schalter S1 vorgesehen.The choke L1 is intended to limit the inrush current and to discharge switch S1 in terms of current.

Die Schaltung ist mit einer Stromregelung ausgestattet; über den Shuntwiderstand R5 wird der Hauptstrom im Leistungskreis erfasst und der Messwerterfassung 1.2 zugeführt. Die Messwerterfassung 1.2 stellt die Signale für die Steuer- und Regelschaltung 1.3 bereit, die das Impulsweitenmuster entsprechend der spezifischen Charakteristik des elektromagnetischen Triebsystems 2 aufbereitet. In der Steuer- und Regelschaltung 1.3 können eine Reihe von spezifischen Speisecharakteristiken hinterlegt sein, die in entsprechender Weise angewählt werden können und somit dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck entsprechen.The circuit is equipped with a current control; The main current in the power circuit is recorded via the shunt resistor R5 and fed to the measured value recording 1.2. The measured value acquisition 1.2 provides the signals for the control and regulation circuit 1.3, which processes the pulse width pattern according to the specific characteristics of the electromagnetic drive system 2. A number of specific feed characteristics can be stored in the control and regulating circuit 1.3, which can be selected in a corresponding manner and thus correspond to the respective purpose.

Falls durch einen Fehler beim Einsatz keine Verbindung von den Ausgangsklemmen 8 u. 9 zum Schutzschalter 2 bestehen sollte, wird durch die Steuer- und Regelschaltung 1.3 eine Ausgangsspannungsbegrenzung vorgenommen.If there is no connection between the output terminals 8 and 9 to the circuit breaker 2 due to an error during use, the control and regulating circuit 1.3 will limit the output voltage.

Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich, ist die Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik derart, dass beim Überführen des Schaltgeräts 2 von einer der geöffneten Stellungen entsprechenden ersten Schaltstellung s0 in eine der geschlossenen Stellung entsprechende zweite Schaltstellung sEnd über den Stellweg s zunächst eine vergleichsweise niedrige Anfangskraft FAnf erforderlich ist, die ab einem Druckpunkt s1 bis hin zu einem Maximalpunkt s2 auf eine Maximalkraft Fmax anwächst und nach dem Maximalpunkt s2 bis in die zweite Schaltstellung sEnd auf eine Endkraft FEnd abfällt. Entsprechend der Kurve dieser Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik wird die Stellkraft F an dem Zugmagneten ZM1, ZM2 erzeugt, so dass die Stellkraft F der Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Schaltgeräts 2 angepasst ist.How out Figure 2 As can be seen, the force-displacement characteristic is such that when the switching device 2 is transferred from one of the first switching position s 0 corresponding to the open position to a second switching position s End corresponding to the closed position via the travel s, a comparatively low initial force F Anf is initially required , which increases from a pressure point s 1 up to a maximum point of s 2 on a maximum force Fmax and after the maximum point of s 2 to the second switching position drops s end to end force F End. Corresponding to the curve of this force-displacement characteristic, the actuating force F is generated on the pull magnet ZM1, ZM2, so that the actuating force F is adapted to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2.

Durch Anpassen der Stellkraft F an die Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Schaltgeräts 2 wird ein mechanisch schonender Betrieb des Schaltgeräts 2 gewährleistet. Insbesondere wird eine überhöhte Stellkraft F vermieden, die bei einem Anschlagen von mechanisch betätigten Bauteilen zu einer Abnutzung oder gar Beschädigung des Schaltgerätes 2 führen könnte.By adapting the actuating force F to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2, mechanically gentle operation of the switching device 2 is ensured. In particular, an excessive actuating force F is avoided, which could lead to wear or even damage to the switching device 2 if mechanically operated components strike.

Zudem wird durch Anpassen der Stellkraft F an die Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Schaltgerätes 2 gewährleistet, dass unabhängig von der konkret zur Verfügung stehenden Steuerspannung UDauer ein zuverlässiges Schalten des Schaltgerätes 2 erfolgt. Insbesondere wird durch das Wandeln der Steuerspannung UDauer in die Zwischenkreisspannung UZK und das Anpassen der Stellkraft F an die Kraft-Weg-Charakteristik des Schaltgeräts 2 über den gesamten Spannungsbereich der Steuerspannung UDauer gewährleistet, dass genügend Energie zum Schalten des Schaltgeräts 2 vorhanden ist und zudem ein Prellen von mechanisch betätigten Bauteilen des Schaltgeräts 2 ausgeschlossen ist.In addition, by adapting the actuating force F to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2, it is ensured that reliable switching of the switching device 2 takes place regardless of the control voltage U duration that is actually available. In particular, by converting the control voltage U duration into the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK and adapting the actuating force F to the force-displacement characteristic of the switching device 2 over the entire voltage range of the control voltage U duration, it is ensured that there is enough energy to switch the switching device 2 and bouncing of mechanically operated components of the switching device 2 is also excluded.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE LIST

  • 1 - Regel- und Steuerschaltung1 - regulation and control circuit
  • 1.1 - Stabilisierungsschaltung für die interne Steuerspannung Us mit ZD1.1 - Stabilization circuit for the internal control voltage U s with ZD
  • 1.2 - Messwerterfassung1.2 - Acquisition of measured values
  • 1.3 - PWM-Schaltung mit Einschaltscheitbegrenzung t 1.3 - PWM circuit with switch-on time limit t
  • 1.4 - Treiberschaltung für Leistungsschalter (VT2)1.4 - Circuit breaker driver (VT2)
  • 2 - Elektromagnetisches Triebsystem2 - Electromagnetic drive system
  • UB - BetriebsspannungU B - operating voltage
  • MB - Minuspotential (Hauptstrom)MB - negative potential (main current)
  • S1 - EinschalttasterS1 - switch-on button
  • R1 - Vorwiderstand für die Steuerstromversorgung Us R1 - series resistor for the control power supply U s
  • R2 - Gateableitwiderstand für VT1R2 - gate leakage resistor for VT1
  • R3 - Entladewiderstand im Entlastungsnetzwerk von VT2R3 - discharge resistor in the discharge network of VT2
  • R4 - Gateableitwiderstand für VT2R4 - gate leakage resistor for VT2
  • R5 - Shuntwiderstand zur Erfassung des Hauptstromes zur Generierung der Regel
    größe    R5 - Shunt resistor for recording the main current to generate the rule
    size
  • R6 - StrombegrenzungswiderstandR6 - current limiting resistor
  • R7 - ÜberspannungsschutzR7 - overvoltage protection
  • C1 - Niederinduktiver ZwischenkreiskondensatorC1 - Low-inductance intermediate circuit capacitor
  • C2 - Zwischenkreiskondensator mit höherer SpeicherkapazitätC2 - DC link capacitor with higher storage capacity
  • C3 - GlättungskondensatorC3 - smoothing capacitor
  • C4 - Kondensator des DRC-Entlastungsnetzwerkes für VT2C4 - capacitor of the DRC relief network for VT2
  • C5 - Glättungskondensator für die AusgangslastC5 - smoothing capacitor for the output load
  • VD1 - Falschpoldiode und FreilaufdiodeVD1 - reverse polarity diode and free wheeling diode
  • VD2 - Schnelle Diode des DRC-Netzwerkes für VT2VD2 - fast diode of the DRC network for VT2
  • VD3 - GatespannungsbegrenzungVD3 - gate voltage limit
  • VD4 - Schnelle Gleichrichterdiode zur Aufbereitung der Gatespannung für VT1VD4 - Fast rectifier diode for processing the gate voltage for VT1
  • VD5 bis VD8 - Schnelle Diode für die AusgangsgleichrichtungVD5 to VD8 - Fast output rectification diode
  • VD9 - Freilaufdiode für T1VD9 - freewheeling diode for T1
  • VT1 - SchalttransistorVT1 - switching transistor
  • VT2 Einschalttransistor für SelbsthalteschaltungVT2 switch-on transistor for self-holding circuit
  • L1 Eingangsdrossel (Einschaltstrombegrenzung)L1 input choke (inrush current limitation)
  • F1 ThermoschmelzsicherungF1 thermal fuse
  • F2 ÜberstromsicherungF2 overcurrent protection
  • Klemmen:
    • 1/2 Anschlüsse für Einschalttaster
    • 3 Speiseeingang für Steuerstromversorgung
    • 4 Anschluss für Ansteuerung von VT1
    • 5 Minuspotential (Steuerspannungsebene)
    • 6/7 Shuntspannungszuführung für die Regelschaltung mit 1.2
    • 8/9 Anschluss für die Ausgangslast 2
    Clamps:
    • 1/2 connections for switch-on button
    • 3 feed input for control power supply
    • 4 Connection for control of VT1
    • 5 negative potential (control voltage level)
    • 6/7 Shunt voltage supply for the control circuit with 1.2
    • 8/9 connection for the output load 2
  • tEin Einschaltzeitt On switch-on time
  • ttot Totzeitt dead dead time
  • F StellkraftF actuating force
  • FAnf Stellkraft im EinschaltmomentF Anf actuating force at the moment of switch-on
  • Fmax Stellkraft am DruckpunktF max actuating force at the pressure point
  • FEnd Stellkraft am Ende des StellwegesF End actuating force at the end of the actuating path
  • s Ankerweg des Zugmagnetens Armature travel of the pull magnet
  • s0 Ausschaltlages 0 switch-off position
  • s1 Distanz zwischen Ausschaltlage und Druckpunkts 1 distance between switch-off position and pressure point
  • s2 Distanz zwischen Ausschaltlage und dem erforderlichen Kraftmaximums 2 Distance between the switch-off position and the required maximum force
  • sEnd Distanz zwischen Ausschalt- und Endlages End Distance between switch-off and end position

Claims (12)

  1. Circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic drive system for electromechanical devices, in particular having a mechanically locked end position, having at least one control voltage source with a feeding voltage (UB), having at least a regulating and control circuit (1), having at least one drive system (2), having at least one transformer (T1), having at least one rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8), having at least one smoothing capacitor (C5), having at least one main switching transistor (VT2) by means of which the drive system (2) can be actuated in a characteristic pulse tracking system and wherein the main switching transistor (VT2) is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer (T1), wherein the transformer (T1) is connected to the feeding voltage (UB) and the secondary side of the transformer (T1) feeds the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8), characterized in that the DC output voltage of the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8) is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor (C5) and is added to the feeding voltage (UB) of the control voltage source so that feeding with DC voltage with a temporal feeding profile takes place.
  2. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that a second transistor (VT1) is provided and in that the switching arrangement can be switched in such a way that a hold circuit can be activated by means of a second transistor (VT1) in the power circuit with the aid of the remagnetizing energy of the transformer (T1) for the switch-on time (tEin) by the processing of a gate voltage (VD4, R6, VD3, R2, C3), as a result of which the second transistor (VT1) is actuated and, after the 25 switch-on time (tEin) has elapsed, is blocked by the disconnection of the main switching transistor (VT2) and the cessation of the remagnetizing energy.
  3. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that the closed-loop and open-loop control circuit (1) has a PWM circuit (1.3) with switch-on time limitation (1.3) and in that a pulse pattern corresponding to the specifics of the drive system is stored by means of the PWM circuit (1.3), which pulse pattern can be allocated by accordingly selecting the respective intended use.
  4. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit arrangement has a microcontroller circuit and in that the microcontroller circuit is used for the coordinated controlling and pulse processing.
  5. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a thermal fuse (F1), in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control current supply (R1), which are arranged in such a way that, in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is arranged and can be switched in such a way that the main current path by thermal connection of the thermal fuse and the series resistor can be interrupted.
  6. Circuit arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the circuit arrangement also has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Z diode, which can be switched in such a way that, in the event of the interruption of the output load of the drive system (2), an impermissibly high output voltage is prevented by virtue of the fact that the safety circuit responds in such a way that the optocoupler is actuated via the Z diode by the excessively high output voltage in the event of a fault and therefore the output of the optocoupler acts on the regulating and control circuit (1) and therefore the switch-on period for the main switching transistor (VT2) is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level.
  7. Method for operating a circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic drive system for electromechanical devices, in particular having a mechanically locked end position, having at least one control voltage source with a feeding voltage (UB), having at least one regulating and control circuit (1), having at least one drive system (2), having at least one transformer (T1), having at least one rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8), having at least one smoothing capacitor (C5), having at least one main switching transistor (VT2) by means of which the drive system (2) can be actuated in a characteristic pulse tracking system in at least one operating state and wherein the main switching transistor (VT2) is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer (T1), wherein the transformer (T1) is connected to the feeding voltage (UB) and the secondary side of the transformer (T1) feeds the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8), characterized in that the DC output voltage of the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8) is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor (C5) and is added to the feeding voltage (UB) of the control voltage source so that feeding with DC voltage with a temporal feeding profile takes place.
  8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that a second transistor (VT1) is provided and in that the switching arrangement can be switched during operation in such a way that a hold circuit is activated by means of a second transistor (VT1) in the power circuit with the aid of the remagnetizing energy of the transformer (T1) for the switch-on time (tEin) by the processing of a gate voltage (VD4, R6, VD3, R2, C3), as a result of which the second transistor (VT1) is actuated and, after the switch-on time (tEin) has elapsed, is blocked by the disconnection of the main switching transistor (VT2) and the cessation of the remagnetizing energy.
  9. Method according to Claim 7 or Claim 8, characterized in that the regulating and control circuit (1) has a PWM circuit (1.3) with switch-on time limitation (1.3) and in that a pulse pattern corresponding to the specifics of the drive system is stored by means of the PWM circuit (1.3), which pulse pattern can be allocated by accordingly selecting the respective intended use.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that a thermal fuse (F1), in particular a reversible thermal fuse, and a series resistor for the control current supply (R1), which are arranged in such a way that, in the event of a fault in the main current path, the combination of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is switched in such a way that the main current path by thermal connection of the thermal fuse and the series resistor is interrupted.
  11. Method according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the circuit arrangement also has a safety circuit with an optocoupler and with a Z diode, which in the event of a fault is switched in such a way that, in the event of the interruption of the output load of the drive system (2), an impermissibly high output voltage is prevented by virtue of the fact that the safety circuit responds in such a way that the optocoupler is actuated via the Z diode by the excessively high output voltage in the event of a fault and therefore the output of the optocoupler acts on the regulating and control circuit (1) and therefore the switch-on period for the main switching transistor (VT2) is reduced so that the output voltage remains limited to a permissible level.
  12. Circuit arrangement for operating an electromagnetic drive system for electromechanical devices, in particular having a mechanically locked end position,
    having at least one control voltage source with a feeding voltage (UB),
    having at least one closed-loop and open-loop control circuit (1),
    having at least one drive system (2),
    having at least one transformer (T1),
    having at least one rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8),
    having at least one smoothing capacitor (C5),
    having at least one main switching transistor (VT2) by means of which the drive system (2) can be actuated in a characteristic pulse tracking system and wherein the main switching transistor (VT2) is connected in series with a primary branch of the transformer (T1), wherein the transformer (T1) is connected to the feeding voltage (UB) and the secondary side of the transformer (T1) feeds the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8), characterized in that the DC output voltage of the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8) is smoothed by the smoothing capacitor (C5) and is added to the feeding voltage (UB) of control voltage source so that feeding with DC voltage takes place with a temporal feeding profile,
    wherein the circuit arrangement is provided with a second transistor (VT1), which is connected between the control voltage source and a first node,
    wherein the primary branch of the transformer (T1) is connected between the first node and a second node, wherein the main switching transistor (VT2) is connected between the second node and a first negative potential (MB), wherein the main switching transistor (VT2) is connected to a negative potential (MB) via a shunt resistor (R5), an input inductor (L1), a thermal safety fuse (F1) and an overcurrent fuse (F2),
    wherein the secondary side of the transformer (T1) is connected between the second node and a third node,
    wherein the rectifier bridge (VD5, VD6, VD7, VD8) is formed by a first diode (VD5), a second diode (VD6), a third diode (VD7) and a fourth diode (VD8),
    wherein the first diode (VD5) and the third diode (VD7) are each connected on the anode side to a fourth node,
    wherein the second diode (VD6) and the fourth diode (VD8) are each connected on the cathode side to a fifth node, wherein the first diode (VD5) is connected on the cathode side to the third node and the second diode (VD6) is connected on the anode side to the third node,
    wherein the third diode (VD7) is connected on the cathode side to the first node and the fourth diode (VD8) is connected on the anode side to the first node, and wherein the smoothing capacitor (C5) is connected between the fourth and the fifth node.
EP16805829.5A 2015-12-04 2016-12-05 Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems Active EP3384514B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16805829T PL3384514T3 (en) 2015-12-04 2016-12-05 Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015015580.6A DE102015015580A1 (en) 2015-12-04 2015-12-04 Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems
PCT/EP2016/079706 WO2017093552A1 (en) 2015-12-04 2016-12-05 Circuit arrangement for operating electromagnetic drive systems

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EP3384514A1 EP3384514A1 (en) 2018-10-10
EP3384514B1 true EP3384514B1 (en) 2021-07-21

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US (1) US10755881B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3384514B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6900391B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20180112767A (en)
CN (1) CN108701567B (en)
AU (1) AU2016362010B2 (en)
BR (1) BR112018011283B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3006630C (en)
DE (1) DE102015015580A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2893243T3 (en)
PL (1) PL3384514T3 (en)
PT (1) PT3384514T (en)
WO (1) WO2017093552A1 (en)

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US10674585B1 (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-06-02 Ledvance Llc Reliability of hardware reset process for smart light emitting diode (LED) bulbs
KR102154635B1 (en) * 2019-08-26 2020-09-10 엘에스일렉트릭(주) Coil drive appatatus
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DE102020131819A1 (en) 2020-12-01 2022-06-02 PTC Rail Services GmbH Circuit arrangement and method for energy-optimized operation of electromagnetic drive systems
TWI834240B (en) * 2022-08-09 2024-03-01 陳錫瑜 An electrical operation mechanism improvement device of molded case circuit breaker

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2019504461A (en) 2019-02-14
AU2016362010B2 (en) 2021-08-05
PT3384514T (en) 2021-10-19
AU2016362010A1 (en) 2018-06-21
CN108701567A (en) 2018-10-23
CA3006630C (en) 2023-11-21
BR112018011283A2 (en) 2018-11-27
JP6900391B2 (en) 2021-07-07
BR112018011283B1 (en) 2023-01-17
DE102015015580A1 (en) 2017-06-08
CA3006630A1 (en) 2017-06-08
WO2017093552A1 (en) 2017-06-08
EP3384514A1 (en) 2018-10-10
KR20180112767A (en) 2018-10-12
US20180366288A1 (en) 2018-12-20
ES2893243T3 (en) 2022-02-08
US10755881B2 (en) 2020-08-25
PL3384514T3 (en) 2021-12-27
CN108701567B (en) 2020-10-09

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