EP3377752A1 - Emulgiersystem und emulgierverfahren - Google Patents
Emulgiersystem und emulgierverfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3377752A1 EP3377752A1 EP16826706.0A EP16826706A EP3377752A1 EP 3377752 A1 EP3377752 A1 EP 3377752A1 EP 16826706 A EP16826706 A EP 16826706A EP 3377752 A1 EP3377752 A1 EP 3377752A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- emulsifying
- fuel
- emulsion
- rotor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
- F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
- B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/50—Pipe mixers, i.e. mixers wherein the materials to be mixed flow continuously through pipes, e.g. column mixers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/55—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers driven by the moving material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/60—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
- B01F27/70—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
- B01F33/453—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers using supported or suspended stirring elements
- B01F33/4531—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers using supported or suspended stirring elements using an axis supported in several points for mounting the stirring element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/80—Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/82—Combinations of dissimilar mixers
- B01F33/821—Combinations of dissimilar mixers with consecutive receptacles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
- F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
- B01F2101/505—Mixing fuel and water or other fluids to obtain liquid fuel emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
- B01F23/413—Homogenising a raw emulsion or making monodisperse or fine emulsions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
- B01F23/41—Emulsifying
- B01F23/414—Emulsifying characterised by the internal structure of the emulsion
- B01F23/4145—Emulsions of oils, e.g. fuel, and water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an emulsifying system according to the preamble of claim 1, an emulsifying device according to the preamble of claim 2 and an emulsifying method according to the preamble of claim 14.
- Diesel engine combustion is characterized in that a self-igniting fuel or diesel fuel is injected under very high pressure through an injection nozzle into a combustion bowl arranged in the piston. After the atomization and evaporation of the fuel in the heated by the compression to high temperatures combustion air, a mixing of the already evaporated fuel parts with the combustion air takes place. This mixture formation is achieved on the one hand by a distribution of the fuel by means of 6 to 8-hole injection nozzles, and on the other hand by an air swirl generated in the inlet channels.
- the chemical treatment of the fuel-air mixture takes place by cracking the relatively long fuel molecules and the formation of active radicals. If the concentration of active radicals is sufficiently high, the self-ignition of the fuel-air mixture begins in the form of a chain reaction.
- the time required for the physical and chemical mixture formation operations is referred to as the ignition delay time.
- the further combustion proceeds in a fuel-air mixture with locally inhomogeneous fuel distribution.
- the ignition phase of this "inhomogeneous" fuel-air mixture is characterized by the occurrence of "ignition germs" in already ignitable mixture areas.
- combustion phase also referred to as combustion of "premixed" mixture, is due to relatively fast combustion combustion. tion characterized by higher combustion temperatures and thus higher thermal nitrogen oxide formation and lower soot formation. During this first combustion phase, however, only a part of the fuel-air mixture determined by the length of the ignition delay time is burned.
- combustion phase also referred to as "diffusion-controlled" combustion, is characterized by a formation of soot which initially occurs in the case of local air deficiency and subsequent, incomplete subsequent carbon black oxidation with simultaneously lower formation of nitrogen oxide (NOx).
- NOx nitrogen oxide
- NOx particles trade-off From the different phases of the combustion process and the corresponding mechanisms of pollutant formation, there is a typical relationship for diesel engine combustion between the nitrogen oxide and soot emissions, which is also referred to as NOx particles trade-off.
- This NOx-particle correlation means that if the engine operating parameters, such as the injection time, are adjusted to low NOx emissions, then an increase in soot / particulate emissions is unavoidable at the same time.
- DeNOx catalyst systems with urea as a reducing agent and occasionally for use in passenger cars with diesel engines are known for newly registered commercial vehicle engines that must meet the emission categories Euro 5 and Euro 6 Particle filter systems used.
- the raw emission behavior of the diesel engine must be adapted to the exhaust aftertreatment systems used.
- particulate emissions are reduced to the corresponding limit values by means of flexibly tunable common rail (CR) injection systems with 160 to 180 MPa injection pressure, while nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced sufficiently by the use of a urea-based DeNOx system.
- CR common rail
- the NOx emission is also reduced by a combination of exhaust gas recirculation and downstream DeNOx system.
- modified fuels are in principle also an interesting option for reducing pollutant emissions in diesel engines.
- admixing water and other components such as alcohols Diesel fuel
- the nitrogen oxide soot trade-off can be favorably influenced (cf Bach, F., L Fundamental, M., Bartosch, S., Spicher, U .: Influence of diesel-ethanol-water-emulsion fuels on diesel engine emissions MTZ 05/201 1, pp. 408-414).
- water-in-diesel fuel emulsion or short water-diesel emulsion is either a ready-prepared water-diesel emulsion using an emulsifying additive or an emulsion produced on board a vehicle through the existing injection system in the Combustion chamber injected.
- the preparation of the emulsion in the vehicle has the advantage that the proportion of water in the mixed fuel can be relatively freely chosen taking into account the limits of combustion technology with regard to the highest possible reduction of pollutants.
- Emulsion fuels therefore offer, in addition to a simpler application in series engines, a higher potential for reducing the critical pollutant components in the exhaust gas of diesel engines.
- Water-diesel emulsions can be considered to be disperse multiphase systems of at least two liquids insoluble in a mixture, in which water is considered to be an internal, disperse phase.
- the diesel fuel accordingly represents the outer phase, the so-called dispersant.
- Water-diesel emulsions are not thermodynamically stable and separate after a relatively short service life. Through the use of emulsifying aids, so-called emulsifiers, it is basically possible to convert a water-diesel emulsion into a thermodynamically stable form.
- An important criterion for the suitability of an emulsion as fuel for diesel engines is the finest possible distribution of the water droplets in the diesel fuel.
- emulsions produced in the vehicle using an emulsifier or, if no emulsifier is used, emulsions produced in a corresponding mixing device are suitable.
- off-vehicle emulsions e.g. are available at service stations, have a constant composition, which is not adapted to the requirements of the engine operation and thus does not allow the potential potential for emission and consumption reduction.
- the reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions can be attributed to a significant reduction in flame temperature both due to the high evaporation enthalpy of the water and due to the water-induced lower local specific heat release in the combustion zone (compare Pittermann, R., Hinz, M., Kauert, L: Influence of exhaust gas recirculation and fuel-water emulsion on combustion process and pollutant formation in the diesel engine MTZ 60 (1999) 12, pp. 812-818).
- EGR exhaust gas recirculation
- soot emissions occur, which can be avoided when combined with water-diesel emulsion fuels.
- water-diesel emulsion fuels increases the EGR tolerance and thus the potential for NOx and soot reduction.
- Another prerequisite for the optimal use of an emulsion fuel is the need to adjust the water content in the emulsion to the different engine operating conditions, the shutdown and the engine start even after a long standstill.
- DE 10 2009 048 223 A1 discloses a process for producing a microemulsion in which diesel fuel and water are separated by means of two common rail injection systems and supplied under high pressure to a mixing chamber arranged between the high pressure reservoirs for diesel and water and the injection nozzle. In this mixing chamber takes place by the emulsifier already contained in the diesel fuel, the formation of a microemulsion.
- a device which supplies water and diesel fuel with a pressure of up to 200 MPa to a countercurrent high pressure emulsifying nozzle by means of a mechanically or hydraulically driven stepped piston.
- the generated water-diesel emulsion is kept in several spring-loaded buffers, which also have a damper function, and passed as required via a manifold to the injectors.
- this device thus represents a combined emulsifying and high-pressure pump, comparable to the high-pressure diesel pump of a conventional common-rail injection system.
- the relatively large fuel storage volumes in the high-pressure pump and in the distributor line to the injectors do not allow fast adaptation of the emulsion composition within a few working cycles to.
- Another problem is likely to be due to a relatively long residence time of the emulsion in the storage and injection lines, especially at low engine load, existing risk of coalescence and thus the phase separation of the water-diesel emulsion.
- DE 44 12 965 A1 discloses a method and a device for controlling the diesel fuel and water / diesel emulsion feed in row injection pumps, in which, depending on the load condition of the engine, differently composed emulsions are produced in a mixing plant and then fed to the injection pump or but an exclusive diesel operation exists.
- the so-called low-pressure pump chamber is rinsed accordingly. Also, a switching carried out depending on the mode of operation is presented by the emulsion mode in the pure diesel mode.
- the engine should be operated at idle with pure diesel fuel, while at higher load is switched to the emulsion mode.
- the effect of this dead time between emulsion formation and delivery at the injector on operating and emission behavior depends essentially on the system viscosity. Lumen in the field of emulsion production and the volume of fuel to be exchanged in the high pressure region of the injection system. In any case, adaptation to dynamic operating conditions is likely to be relatively slow.
- the present invention has for its object to provide an improved system, an improved apparatus and an improved method for producing a water-fuel emulsion, preferably wherein an energy-efficient production of a particular homogeneous water-fuel emulsion with a variable composition and / or a compact Low-maintenance, stable and / or cost-effective design allows or supports.
- the proposed emulsification device is designed as a preferably multi-stage rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine, in particular a fluid flow machine. In this way, a particularly compact design and energy-efficient production of a water-fuel emulsion is possible or supported.
- rotor-stator-emulsifying device or turbomachine is preferably to be understood as a machine or device which is designed to transfer mechanical work to a fluid or to withdraw it from a fluid. Consequently, a rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine is preferably designed either as a working machine or as a turbomachine or as an engine or turbomachine.
- a rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine in the sense of the present invention preferably has or forms a flow channel, preferably wherein a fluid can preferably flow continuously through the flow channel.
- a rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine preferably has a shaft and a housing, preferably wherein the shaft is at least partially disposed in the housing and rotated in Betheb about a rotation axis.
- the housing preferably forms or delimits the flow channel or a part thereof.
- a rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine preferably has at least one impeller or a rotor with a plurality of blades and / or teeth and / or, preferably radially and / or axially extending, channels, gaps or other passages through the impeller , Preferably, wherein the impeller is positively, positively and / or materially connected to the shaft and / or forms a stage of the rotor-stator emulsifying or Strömungsmaschi- ne.
- the term "impeller” is always used, preferably synonymously with the “rotor of the rotor-stator emulator device”. These terms are therefore preferably interchangeable.
- the blades and / or teeth of a rotor-stator emulger or turbomachine are elongated, flat and / or plate-like and / or designed to extract work from a fluid flowing past or to transfer work to a fluid flowing past.
- a rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine is designed to transfer shear forces to a fluid or an emulsion, in particular a water-fuel emulsion, in particular such that a preferably homogeneous mixture of water in the fuel and / or a small mean droplet size of the water in the fuel is achieved.
- an emulsion is preferably to be understood as meaning a mixture of at least two fluids.
- an emulsion comprises a first fluid, such as fuel, as the inner phase and a second fluid, such as water, as the outer phase.
- a water-fuel emulsion according to the present invention is therefore a mixture of water and fuel, such as diesel, wherein the average droplet size or the average droplet diameter of the water droplets less than 10 ⁇ , more preferably less than 5 ⁇ , especially less than 1 ⁇ , is.
- a water-fuel emulsion may also consist of other fluids and / or other fluids or substances, such as an emulsifier.
- an alcohol may be used in addition to or as an alternative to water.
- the proposed emulsifier preferably has a plurality of stages or impellers, preferably wherein the impellers have a plurality of blades and / or teeth and are preferably connected to a shaft.
- the emulsifying device has a first stage or pre-emulsifying stage and a second stage or fine emulsifying stage.
- the water-fuel emulsion can be further homogenized, so that the average droplet size of the emulsion prepared with the Voremulgiercut is reduced. In this way, a particularly homogeneous water-fuel emulsion with a small mean droplet size of the water is made possible.
- the shaft of the emulsifying device is non-contact or magnetically driven and / or the shaft has a - preferably at least partially flowed around or flow around - permanent magnet or the shaft is connected to such. This allows a particularly low-maintenance, stable and / or leak-free construction of the emulsifier.
- the emulsifying device preferably has a drive, in particular an electric drive, such as an electric motor, in particular a DC motor or a rotary current motor.
- a drive in particular an electric drive, such as an electric motor, in particular a DC motor or a rotary current motor.
- the drive is designed to transmit a torque without contact to the shaft, preferably by means of a magnetic coupling.
- the housing is at least partially made of fiber composite material, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and / or formed as an insulator.
- fiber composite material in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- the housing is at least partially made of fiber composite material, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and / or formed as an insulator.
- the housing of the emulsifying device has a preferably circumferential guide device with a plurality of guide channels or forms such a guide device, preferably wherein the guide device protrudes into the flow channel and / or immediately before one of the steps, in particular the fine emulsifying stage.
- the guide channels are adapted to the fluid or the water-fuel emulsion directed on to direct a downstream or downstream stage, in particular the Feiemulgiercut. In this way, a more homogeneous mixture of the water-fuel emulsion is achieved.
- the guide device may be a stator of the rotor-stator emulsifier device.
- the terms "guide device” and "stator of the rotor-stator emulator device” are therefore preferably synonymous and / or interchangeable.
- the channels are formed by openings, passages and / or bores. Alternatively or additionally, however, it may also passages, gaps, notches, indentations, recesses, column or the like. act. These can be passages, gaps, notches, indentations, recesses, column or the like. of the impeller correspond or at least temporarily overlap.
- the guide device may comprise blades and / or teeth and / or, preferably radially and / or axially extending, channels, gaps or other passages through the guide device, preferably wherein the guide device has positive, positive and / or material fit with the housing or a part thereof or integrally formed therewith and / or forming a step of the rotor-stator-emulsifying device or turbomachine, preferably together or in cooperation with an associated impeller.
- the construction of the guide device can in any case in sections, in particular in adjacent sections, similar to the structure of the impeller, this correspond or vice versa.
- the proposed emulsifying system preferably has an emulsifying device for producing a water-fuel emulsion and an injection nozzle for injecting the water-fuel emulsion into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.
- injection nozzle is preferably to be understood as meaning a device which is designed to disperse or atomise fuel or a water-fuel emulsion, or to atomise it or in this way or otherwise with the water-fuel emulsion form an aerosol and / or lead into an associated combustion chamber
- An injection nozzle in the sense of the present invention preferably has a fluid connection for fuel or a water-fuel emulsion, an electrical connection to a control unit, a compression spring, a nozzle body and / or a nozzle needle.
- an injection nozzle has a preferably electric (piezo) actuator for actuating the nozzle needle.
- the nozzle needle as a function of the fuel or emulsion pressure apparently, preferably such that the fuel or the emulsion is injected into a combustion chamber.
- the emulsifying device is directly or directly to the injection nozzle - preferably rigidly connected or connectable and / or integrated into the injection nozzle or its inlet.
- the emulsifying device and the injection nozzle together form an at least substantially fixed or rigid and / or one-piece assembly or structural unit.
- the distance between the emulsifying device and the injection nozzle is minimized so that any flow losses are reduced, a dynamic adjustment of the water-fuel ratio is enabled and / or a separation of the emulsion is counteracted. Due to the compact construction or the smaller volume of preferably less than 20 ml, in particular less than 10 ml, of the emulsifying system, the amount of fuel required for rinsing the emulsifying system can be further reduced.
- water and fuel are fed, preferably separately from one another and / or under pressure, to a preferably multi-stage rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine for producing the water-fuel emulsion.
- a preferably multi-stage rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine for producing the water-fuel emulsion.
- water and fuel are premixed in a first stage or pre-emulsification stage of a rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine and subsequently via a preferably circumferential guide means with a plurality of guide channels for flow guidance of a second stage or Feinemulgierlace the rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine supplied.
- the second stage preferably reduces an average droplet size of the water.
- a preferably multi-stage rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine is used for producing a water-fuel emulsion for an internal combustion engine.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a proposed internal combustion engine with a proposed injection system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a proposed internal combustion engine with a proposed injection system according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a proposed emulsifying system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic section of the emulsification system according to FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic section of a proposed emulsification system according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of the emulsification system according to FIG. 5.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same, similar or similar components and components, with corresponding or comparable properties and advantages can be achieved, even if a repeated description is omitted.
- the internal combustion engine 1 shows in a schematic representation a proposed internal combustion engine 1 with a proposed injection system 2.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has at least one emulsification system 3.
- the injection system 2 is preferably designed to inject fuel and / or water into one or more combustion chambers (not shown) of the internal combustion engine 1, preferably under pressure, in particular greater than 50 MPa or 100 MPa.
- the emulsifying system 3 is preferably designed to mix or emulsify water and fuel, in particular diesel, and / or to produce a water / fuel emulsion or water / diesel emulsion from water and fuel, in particular diesel to produce.
- other fluids can also be emulsified with one another by means of the emulsification system 3.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 on several, here six, emulsifying 3, preferably wherein each one emulsifying system 3 (not shown) of the internal combustion engine 1 assigned or assigned and / or with a cylinder or combustion chamber of the Internal combustion engine 1 is fluidly connected or connectable.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 or the emulsification system 3 preferably has an emulsifying device 4 and / or an injection nozzle or an injector 5.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a fuel or diesel rail or a busbar 6, preferably wherein a plurality of emulsifying systems 3, emulsifying devices 4 or injection nozzles 5 - preferably each individually - fluidly connected to the busbar 6 or are connectable, preferably in each case via a high-pressure or injection line. 7
- the emulsifying device 4 is arranged between the busbar 6 and the injection nozzle 5.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a fuel tank 8, a pre-pressurized fuel pump 9, a fuel filter 10, a fuel meter 1 1, in particular a fuel volume meter, and / or a high-pressure fuel pump 12, preferably in a (common) fuel supply line 13.
- the high-pressure fuel pump 12 and / or the busbar 5 have / have a high-pressure regulator 14 and / or a fuel return line 15.
- the fuel return line 15 preferably connects the busbar 5, the pre-pressurized fuel pump 9 and / or high-pressure fuel pump 12 to the fuel tank 8, preferably wherein the fuel return line 15 has a (further) fuel meter 16.
- the injection system 2 or the emulsification system 3 or the emulsification device 4 is fluidically connected to the fuel tank 8 via the fuel supply line 13.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 can be supplied with fuel, in particular diesel, and another component, in this case water, preferably in order to produce a water-fuel emulsion.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a water tank 17, a water pre-pressure pump 18, a water filter 19 and / or a high-pressure water pump or metering unit 20, preferably in a (common) water supply line 21.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 is connected to the water tank 17 via the water supply line 21 and / or can be supplied with water.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 or the emulsifying system 3, the high-pressure fuel pump 12 and / or high-pressure water pump 20 preferably has a hydraulic drive 22 in particular, preferably wherein the drive 22 has a pump 23 and / or a valve 24, in particular for charging or supplying water or another hydraulic fluid, preferably at variable or adjustable pressure.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a control unit 25, preferably wherein the control unit 25 is designed to control the composition of the water-fuel emulsion or the water content in the water-fuel emulsion, preferably Depending on at least one operating parameter and / or engine operation, particularly preferably depending on the engine load M, speed N and / or cooling water temperature T.
- the water content in the water-fuel emulsion is variable or variable depending on the engine operating point and / / or customizable.
- control lines o In Fig. 1, the corresponding, preferred and / or optional signal connections, control lines o. The like. Of the control unit 25 with the corresponding components are shown in dashed lines.
- control unit 25 is electrically connected to the injection system 2, the emulsification system 3, the emulsifier 4, the injection nozzle 5, the busbar 6, the pre-pressurized fuel pump 9, the fuel meter 1 1, the high-pressure fuel pump 12, the fuel meter 16, the water pre-pressure pump 18, the high-pressure water pump 20 and / or the drive 22 connected or connectable.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has at least one pressure sensor 26, 27 and / or at least one pressure sensor 26, 27 integrated into the fuel supply line 13 and / or water supply line 21, preferably wherein the control device 25 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 26, 27 is connected and / or measurement signals of the fuel pressure and / or the water pressure to the control unit 25 can be transmitted.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a fuel pressure sensor 26 and / or a water pressure sensor 27.
- the fuel pressure sensor 26 is disposed in the bus bar 6 and / or configured to measure the pressure of the fuel in the bus bar 6.
- the water pressure sensor 27 is arranged immediately after or downstream of the high-pressure water pump 20 and / or designed to measure the water pressure immediately before the emulsification system 3.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a plurality of emulsifying systems 3 or emulsifying devices 4 or injection nozzles 5.
- the emulsification systems 3 or emulsifying devices 4 or injection nozzles 5 are connected in parallel to the fuel supply line 13 and / or the busbar 6 and / or the water supply line 21 and / or supplied in parallel with fuel and / or water or supplied.
- each cylinder or each injection nozzle 5 is assigned a separate or own emulsifying device 4.
- constructive solutions are also possible in which a plurality of cylinders or injection nozzles 5 are connected to a (common) emulsifying device 4, as FIG. 2 illustrates.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 or the emulsification system 3 preferably has a bypass or purge line 28 and / or a bypass or flush valve 29, preferably wherein fuel by means of the bypass line 28 and the bypass valve 29 from the fuel supply line 13th or the busbar 6 can be fed directly or directly to the injection nozzle 5 and / or can be guided past the emulsifying device 4.
- the bypass line 28 is connected in parallel with the emulsifying device 4 and / or the bypass line 28 connects the injection nozzle 5 directly to the busbar 6.
- the bypass line 28 and / or the bypass valve 29 it is possible to flush the injection nozzle 5 with fuel and / or to ensure an at least substantially loss-free supply of the injection nozzle 5 with fuel when the emulsifying device 4 is deactivated. In this way, it is possible for the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 to be supplied with fuel at least substantially without interruption and / or loss, even in the case of a deactivated and / or defective emulsifying device 4.
- the internal combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 preferably has a leakage line 30 and / or a leakage line 30 is connected to the emulsification system 3, in particular the injection nozzle 5.
- a leakage line 30 is connected to the emulsification system 3, in particular the injection nozzle 5.
- the leakage line 30 is preferably connected to a water separator or fuel separator 31 and / or connects the injection nozzle 5 to a water separator or fuel separator 31.
- the water separator 31 is preferably designed to separate fuel and water of the water-fuel emulsion from each other and / or to separate water or fuel.
- the separated by means of the water separator 31 fuel of the fuel return line 15 and the fuel tank 8 can be supplied.
- the water separated by means of the water separator 31 via a corresponding water return line 32 to the water tank 17 can be fed.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a proposed internal combustion engine 1 according to an alternative embodiment, the injection nozzles 5 being connected in pairs to a common emulsifying device 4 or an emulsifying system 3 having several, here two, injection nozzles 5.
- 3 shows the proposed emulsifying system 3 with a proposed emulsifying device 4 and an injection nozzle 5 in a perspective view.
- FIG. 4 shows the emulsifying device 4 as well as the detail of the injection nozzle 5 in a schematic section.
- the emulsifying device 4 preferably has a housing 33 and a shaft 34, preferably wherein the shaft 34 is at least partially disposed in the housing 33. In the illustrated embodiment, the shaft 34 is completely disposed in the housing 33.
- the housing 33 is preferably elongated and / or cylindrical or hollow cylinder-like or formed as a hollow cylinder. Particularly preferably, the housing 33 is rotationally symmetrical.
- the housing 33 limits or defines radially or laterally a flow channel or emulsification space, preferably wherein the water-fuel emulsion is produced in the flow channel or emulsification space and / or water and fuel are mixed or emulsified.
- the flow channel or emulsifying chamber is preferably elongated or cylindrical.
- the shaft 34 is preferably arranged centrally in the housing 33 or in the emulsifying chamber.
- the shaft 34 is rotatable about a rotation axis R.
- the longitudinal axis or rotation axis R of the shaft 34 particularly preferably corresponds to the longitudinal axis or symmetry axis of the housing 33 or of the emulsification chamber.
- the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 is preferably at least substantially flowed through axially.
- the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 is designed to be open at the axial ends, preferably such that water and fuel flow axially into the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 and, preferably as an emulsion, axially or on another, preferably opposite one another Side, can flow out of the emulsifying device 4 and the housing 33.
- the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 has an in-line construction.
- the axial ends of the housing 33 are each closed by a lid 35, 36 or closed, in particular pressure-proof.
- the emulsifying device 4 preferably has a first lid 35 and a second lid 36, preferably wherein the first lid 35 and / or the second lid 36 are connected or connectable to the housing 33 in a positive, force and / or material fit, in particular by gluing are / is.
- the shaft 34 is mounted axially and / or radially in or by means of the first lid 35 and / or the second lid 36.
- the shaft 34 is rotatably supported by means of a bearing 37 in the housing 33, in particular the first cover 35 and / or the second cover 36.
- the bearing 37 is preferably designed as a plain bearing, in particular wherein the shaft 34 or the bearing 37 is or is lubricated by means of the water or fuel or the emulsion.
- the bearing 37 is designed as a rolling bearing.
- the storage 37 of the emulsifying device 4 is preferably designed as a fixed-lot storage.
- the bearing 37 formed as a support bearing and / or the shaft 34 is floating.
- the housing 33, the first cover 35 and / or the second cover 36 are / is at least partially made of or made of fiber composite material, in particular carbon fiber reinforced plastic. In this way, a particularly stable and lightweight construction of the emulsifying device 4 is enabled or supported.
- the housing 33 or the housing wall is preferably formed in a multi-layered or multi-layered manner, in particular in the radial direction.
- the housing 33 has a plurality of material layers, preferably wherein the material layers are each formed in one piece.
- the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 preferably has a reinforcement or coating 38 on an inner side 33A and / or the emulsifying device 4 or the housing 33 is coated or reinforced on the inside or on an inner side 33A, preferably by means of a Reinforcement or coating 38.
- the coating 38 is preferably made of or formed by metal, in particular aluminum, or lacquer, plastic or a resin. In this way, the stability, resistance and / or tightness, in particular for pressures above 5 MPa, 10 MPa, 15 MPa or 50 MPa, the emulsifying device 4 and the housing 33 is achieved or increased.
- the housing 33 is formed by a sleeve, in particular an aluminum sleeve, and a sheath, in particular a fiber composite sheath, preferably wherein the sheath and the sheath are each formed in one piece.
- the sleeve is arranged on a side facing the emulsification chamber and / or the casing surrounds the sleeve on the outside or on a side facing away from the emulsification chamber.
- the sleeve forms the reinforcement or coating 38 and / or the sleeve has the reinforcement or coating 38.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 preferably has an inlet.
- Emulsifying system 3 or emulsifying device 4 particularly preferably has a fuel inlet 39 and a water inlet 40, preferably fuel via fuel inlet 39 and / or water via water inlet 40 to emulsifying system 3 or emulsifying device 4, in particular to the emulsifying chamber , can be supplied / is.
- constructive solutions are also possible in which the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 has a common inlet for fuel and water and / or water and fuel can be fed together via a common inlet to the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4.
- the fuel inlet 39 and the water inlet 40 are preferably formed by the housing 33, in particular the first cover 35.
- the fuel and / or water of the emulsifying device 4 or the emulsifying chamber is at least substantially axially and / or parallel to the rotor.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 is above the fuels! Nlass 39 connected to the busbar 6 and the injection line 7 and via the water inlet 40 to the water supply line 21 and the high-pressure water pump 20 or connectable.
- the emulsifying device 4 is preferably directly or indirectly, in particular fluidically and / or mechanically, connected or connectable to at least one injection nozzle 5.
- the emulsifying device 4 is positive, non-positive and / or materially bonded, in particular by screwing, preferably directly or rigidly connected to an associated injection nozzle 5 or connectable.
- the emulsifying device 4 and at least one injection nozzle 5 together form a fixed or rigid assembly.
- the emulsifying device 4 can be screwed or plugged directly or directly onto an injection nozzle 5.
- the emulsification device 4 is arranged coaxially with the associated injection nozzle 5 or a fuel flange thereof and / or the emulsification device 4 and the injection nozzle 5 or the fuel flange of the emulsification system 3 have a common longitudinal axis.
- other constructive solutions are possible.
- the emulsification device 4 or the housing 33 has an outlet 41, preferably wherein the water-fuel emulsion can be supplied to the injection nozzle 5 via the outlet 41 and / or the second cover 36 has or forms the outlet 41.
- the outlet 41 is preferably arranged centrally in the second cover 36 and / or coaxially to the axis of rotation R or axis of symmetry of the rotationally symmetrical emulsification chamber.
- the injection nozzle 5 is directly or directly fluidly connected to the outlet 41 or connectable.
- the injection nozzle 5 in or on the outlet 41 can be screwed.
- the emulsifying device 4 is integrated into the injection nozzle 5 and / or at least partially disposed within the injection nozzle 5 or formed by the injection nozzle 5.
- the emulsifying device 4 can be arranged in an inlet of the injection nozzle 5 and / or be formed integrally with the injection nozzle 5.
- the housing 33 is fixedly connected to a housing of the injection nozzle 5 or integrally formed therewith.
- the emulsifying device 4 has an at least partially flowed or umströmbare bearing 37 and / or at least one bearing of the storage tion 37, here the fixed bearing, at least partially flow around.
- the emulsifying device 4 has a bearing star 42, in particular wherein the bearing star 42 protrudes from the housing 33 into the emulsifying chamber and / or is connected to the housing 33 and / or one of the covers 35, 36.
- the bearing star 42 preferably has a plurality of radial supports or struts 43, preferably wherein the radial supports 43 are adapted to receive a bearing, in particular a plain bearing, and / or a bearing, in particular a Gleitla- ger for the shaft 34 to form.
- a bearing in particular a plain bearing, and / or a bearing, in particular a Gleitla- ger for the shaft 34 to form.
- the emulsifying device 4 is preferably designed as a rotor / stator emulsifying device or turbomachine or fluid flow machine.
- the emulsifying device 4 is exclusively designed to emulsify water and fuel or to produce a water-fuel emulsion.
- the emulsifying device 4 (additionally) has a pumping function or is designed as a pump and / or is designed to convey and pump water and fuel or the water-fuel emulsion, preferably to the injection nozzle 5.
- the emulsifying device 4 is adapted to reduce flow loss, in particular pressure losses, the flow in the preparation of the emulsion.
- the emulsifying device 4 is designed as a multi-stage, here two-stage, rotor-stator emulsifying device or turbomachine and / or the emulsifying device 4 has several, here two, stages or emulsifying stages.
- the emulsifying device 4 comprises a first stage 44 and a second stage 45, preferably wherein the first stage 44 comprises a first impeller 46 and the second stage 45 comprises or is formed by a second impeller 47.
- first stage 44 and / or the second stage 45 (respectively) comprise a stator (not shown), preferably wherein the stator just before or upstream of or downstream of the first impeller 46 and second impeller 47, respectively is arranged.
- the first and second impeller 46 and 47 is preferably positive, non-positive and / or material fit, in particular by means of a feather key, by pressing and / or by gluing, connected to the shaft 34, preferably such that a torque from the shaft 34 on the first impeller 46 and second impeller 47 is transferable or vice versa.
- the optional stator is positively, positively and / or materially connected to the housing 33.
- the first and second impellers 46 and 47 preferably have a plurality of blades and / or teeth 48 and 49, preferably wherein the blades and / or teeth 48 and 49 - starting from the shaft 34 and the axis of rotation R - protrude radially into the flow channel or emulsification.
- the blades and / or teeth 48, 49 are preferably flat, oblong, plate-shaped, angular and / or sharp-edged.
- the stage 44 or 45, the impeller 46 or 47 and / or the blades and / or teeth 48 and 49 are adapted to mix water and fuel or emulsify and / or the water in the fuel distribute or smash, preferably to produce a homogeneous water-fuel emulsion having a small mean water droplet size, preferably less than 1 ⁇ or 0.5 ⁇ .
- the stages 44 and 45, the impeller 46 and 47 and / or the blades and / or teeth 48 and 49 are adapted to promote water and fuel and / or to pump in the direction of the injection nozzle 5.
- the blades and / or teeth 48 and 49 or their flat sides are preferably formed trapezoidal, in particular wherein the upstream edges or sides of the blades and / or teeth 48 and 49 is arranged obliquely or inclined relative to the axis of rotation R.
- the angle included in a longitudinal section, as shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, between the front and / or edge of the blades and / or teeth 48, 49 and the axis of rotation R is less than 90 ° or 80 °.
- the first stage 44 is formed as Voremulgierski and the second stage 45 as Feinemulgiercut.
- the first stage 44 is configured to mix preferably separately inflowing water and fuel
- the second stage 45 is configured to (further) homogenize the water-fuel emulsion produced by the first stage 44 and / or the droplet size of the To reduce (further) water in the fuel.
- first stage 44 and second stage 45 are preferably formed as axial stages.
- FIG. 5 illustrates.
- the first stage 44 is formed as a radial or diagonal stage.
- water and fuel flow or the water-fuel emulsion flows at least substantially parallel to the axis of rotation R in the first stage 44.
- the water-fuel emulsion occurs radially or at least substantially orthogonal to the axis of rotation R from the first Stage 44 and the first impeller 46 also.
- the housing 33 or a downstream stator (not shown) is adapted to divert water and fuel or the water-fuel emulsion, preferably such that the water and the fuel or the Subsequently, the water-fuel emulsion flows (again) at least substantially parallel to the axis of rotation R through the emulsifying device 4.
- the second stage 45 is preferably formed as an axial step and / or flows through the water-fuel emulsion, the second stage 45 at least substantially axially or parallel to the rotation axis R.
- the second stage 45 is designed as a radial or diagonal stage.
- the emulsifying device has three stages or emulsification stages or the second stage 45 is followed by a further third stage 50.
- the third stage 50 is basically constructed like the second stage 45.
- the third stage 50 has an impeller 51 with a plurality of blades and / or teeth 52.
- the injection nozzle 5 forms the third stage 50 or a further stage or emulsifying stage of the emulsifying system 3.
- the injection nozzle 5 may be configured to (further) homogenize the water-fuel emulsion and / or the average droplet size of the water in the fuel to reduce.
- the injection system 2 or emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 preferably has a (first) guide device 53, preferably wherein the guide device 53 is designed to guide or deflect the flow or the water-fuel emulsion in the emulsifying chamber.
- the guide device 53 is preferably positively, positively and / or materially connected to the housing 33, formed integrally with the housing 33, in particular the coating 38, and / or preferably protrudes into the flow channel or emulsification into it.
- the guide device 53 is formed circumferentially.
- the guide device 53 preferably surrounds the shaft 34 radially.
- the guide device 53 is preferably arranged directly in front of or upstream of one of the stages 44, 45 and 50 and / or designed to provide a subsequent impinging the following impeller 46, 47 or 51 with a deflected or directed flow or water-fuel emulsion.
- the guide device 53 is preferably arranged directly in front of or upstream of the second stage 45 or the second impeller 47 and assigned to the second stage 45, respectively.
- the first stage 44 has a (further) guide device 53 and / or the guide device 53 is arranged immediately before or upstream of the first stage 44 or the first impeller 46 and / or associated with the first stage 44.
- the emulsifying device 4 has a second guide device 54, preferably wherein the second guide device 54 is arranged immediately before or upstream of the third stage 50 and the third impeller 51 and / or the third stage 50 assigned.
- the guide device 53 or 54 preferably has a plurality of guide channels 55 and 56, preferably wherein the guide means 53 and 54 can be flowed through by means of the guide channels 55 and 56, respectively.
- the guide device 53 or 54 preferably has more than two, preferably more than four or six, in particular more than eight or twelve, guide channels 55 and 56, respectively.
- the guide channels 55 and 56 are preferably arranged at least substantially parallel to the axis of rotation R.
- the guide channels 55 and 56 run obliquely and / or in the direction of flow from outside to inside or from the inside to the outside.
- the guide channels 55 and 56 are at least substantially centrally disposed in the guide means 53 and 54 and / or open the guide channels 55 and 56 at mid-height of the downstream or downstream blades and / or teeth 49 and 52 respectively.
- the flow or the water-fuel emulsion by means of the guide device 53 or 54 or the guide channels 55 and 56 at least substantially centrally on the downstream or downstream arranged blades and / or teeth 49 and 52 feasible or deflected.
- the guide device 53 or 54 is preferably adapted to the blade contour or geometry of the associated impeller 46, 47 and 51, respectively.
- the distance between the guide means 53 and 54 and the downstream or downstream arranged blades and / or teeth 48 and 52 over the radius of the emulsification at least substantially constant or constant.
- the emulsifying device 4 has a radial gap 57 between the guide device 53 or 54 and the shaft 34, preferably in such a way that the shaft 34 extends without contact through the guide device 53 or 54.
- water or fuel or the water-fuel emulsion can flow through the radial gap 57.
- a preferably dynamic seal in particular a shaft seal, particularly preferably an axial shaft seal, is arranged between the guide device 53 or 54 and the shaft 34 and / or the flow or the water flow.
- Fuel emulsion can flow only through the guide channels 55 and 56, respectively.
- the guide means 53 and 54 on a side facing the associated impeller 47 and 51, respectively, have tear-off edges, vortices, shearing edges or other surface structures which preferably have an emulsion-homogenizing effect.
- a plurality of depressions 58 are provided, preferably wherein the depressions 58 are arranged in a star shape around the shaft 34 and / or extend from the shaft 34 to the housing 33.
- the recesses 58 are preferably elongated and / or formed as a groove.
- the recesses 58 extend at least substantially radially.
- the recesses 58 are arranged between the guide channels 55 and 56, in particular centrally.
- the depressions 58 are designed to distribute the water-fuel emulsion flowing through the radial gap 57 radially outward and / or along the blades and / or teeth 48 and 52, respectively.
- the depressions 58 can also be or form one-sided edges, vortex-forming bodies or the like.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 is preferably drivable without contact. In particular - preferably non-contact - a torque on the shaft 34 can be transmitted.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 has a drive 59, preferably wherein the drive 59 is designed to drive the shaft 34 or to set it in rotation, preferably without contact.
- the rotational speed of the shaft 34 that can be generated by the drive 59 is preferably more than 5000 rpm or 10000 rpm, more preferably more than 20 000 rpm or 30 000 rpm, in particular more than 50 000 1 / min or 80000 rpm.
- the drive 59 preferably has a stator 60 and a rotor 61, preferably wherein the stator 60 positively, positively and / or cohesively with the housing 33 and / or the rotor 61 positively, force and / or cohesively with the shaft 34 is connected and / or forms the shaft 34 or a part thereof.
- the drive 59 is formed by a brushless electric motor or the shaft 34 is electrically driven.
- the drive 59 as a DC machine or as a three-phase machine, preferably as - in particular brushless - three-phase synchronous machine or three-phase asynchronous machine is formed. Particularly preferred is a so-called brushless DC motor or electronically commutated three-phase synchronous machine.
- the drive 59 is designed as a hydraulic or pneumatic drive.
- matic drive 59 is formed, preferably wherein the drive 59 transmits torque to the shaft 34 via a magnetic coupling.
- the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 or its shaft 34 is preferably driven or driven by the flow energy.
- constructive solutions are possible in which one of the stages 44, 45 and 50, in particular an impeller 46, 47 and 51, is formed to the flow or the fuel or the water or the water-fuel emulsion Extract energy and / or drive the shaft 34 with flow energy or to set in rotation.
- an (active) drive of the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 can be dispensed with.
- the drive 59 in particular the stator 60, preferably has a plurality of coils 62, preferably wherein a magnetic field can be generated by means of the stator 60 or the coils 62.
- a rotating magnetic field can be generated, preferably as a function of the frequency of a current, preferably of a three-phase current, and / or by, for example, sensor-controlled electronic commutation.
- the rotor 61 of the drive 59 is a magnet, in particular a permanent magnet, and / or the rotor has a magnet, in particular permanent magnet, preferably wherein the rotor 61 is rotatable in the magnetic field or by means of the magnetic field generated in the stator.
- the rotor 61 or its permanent magnet each have at least one north and south pole.
- the drive 59 can also be designed as an asynchronous motor with coils or electromagnets in the rotor 61.
- the rotor 61 or the shaft 34 rotates synchronously or asynchronously with the magnetic field of the stator 60.
- the rotor 61 at least partially flows around or flow around. Additionally or alternatively, the rotor 61 can be flowed through. In particular, constructive solutions are possible in which the rotor 61 bores or channels through which the water or the fuel or the water-fuel emulsion can flow. Particularly preferably, the surface of the rotor 61 is rough, structured and / or provided with elevations or depressions and / or designed to mix or emulsify the passing water and the passing fuel.
- the rotor 61 has a plurality of blades and / or teeth or ribs and / or a plurality of blades and / or teeth are arranged on the surface of the rotor 61.
- the drive 59 or the rotor 61 is preferably arranged centrally in the emulsifying device 4 or the emulsifying chamber and / or between the first stage 44 or the first impeller 46 and the second stage 45 or the impeller 47.
- other solutions are possible.
- the proposed emulsification process or the proposed use of a rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine for producing a water-fuel emulsion will be explained in more detail below.
- the proposed emulsification process is preferably carried out by means of the combustion engine 1 or the injection system 2 or the emulsification system 3 or the emulsification device 4.
- the fuel is preferably taken from the fuel tank 8, preferably by means of the pre-pressurized fuel pump 9.
- the fuel is filtered in a fuel supply line 13, preferably by means of the fuel filter 10.
- the fuel is pressurized, preferably by means of a pre-pressurized fuel pump 9 or the high-pressure fuel pump 12, and supplied to the common busbar 6.
- the fuel pressure in the busbar 6 and / or in the emulsifying system 4 or in the emulsifying device 4, in particular in the fuel inlet 39, is preferably more than 50 MPa, 100 MPa or 150 MPa, at least temporarily or depending on the engine load more than 180 MPa or 200 MPa, in particular more than 220 MPa.
- the water is preferably taken from the water tank 17, preferably by means of the water pre-pressure pump 18th
- the water is filtered or purified, preferably by means of the water filter 19th
- the water is pressurized, preferably by means of the water pre-pressure pump 18 and / or the high-pressure water pump 20.
- the fuel and the water are equally pressurized or the pressure of the fuel immediately before the emulsification system 3 and the emulsifying 4 and in the fuel inlet 39 as large as or slightly greater than the pressure of the water immediately before the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4 or in the water inlet 40th
- the fuel is preferably conducted past the emulsification system 3 or the emulsification device 4, for example in the case of a defect in the emulsification system 3 or the emulsification device 4, preferably by means of the bypass line 28 or the bypass valve 29.
- the water and the fuel are supplied after the pressurization of the water and the fuel to the emulsifying system 3 and the emulsifying device 4, preferably separated from each other. More preferably, fuel is supplied from the bus bar 6 via the fuel inlet 39 and water from the high-pressure water pump 20 via the water inlet 40 to the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4.
- water and fuel are fed together or together or via a common line to the emulsifying system 3 or the emulsifying device 4.
- the fuel and the water are mixed or (pre) emulsified in a first stage 44 or by means of a first impeller 46 in the emulsifier 4.
- the fuel inlet 39 directs the fuel or the water inlet 40, the water preferably transversely, in particular at least substantially perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the impeller 46 to the impeller 46th
- the emulsifying device 4 or its shaft 34 is driven without contact or magnetically, preferably by means of the drive 59.
- the shaft 34 rotates (in revolutions per minute) at more than 5000 l / min or 10000 l / min, more preferably more than 20,000 l / min or 30,000 l / min, in particular more than 50,000 l / min or 80,000 l / min. minute
- the maximum peripheral speed of the first impeller is the maximum peripheral speed of the first impeller
- the (pre-mixed) water-fuel emulsion is then passed past the rotor 61 and / or passed through the rotor 61 or pumped.
- the water-fuel emulsion flows around the rotor 61 laterally.
- the water-fuel emulsion is preferably deflected in the flow or in the emulsifying channel or in the emulsifying chamber, preferably by means of the guide device 53 or the guide channels 55.
- the guide channels 55 preferably guide the water-fuel emulsion transversely, in particular at least Substantially perpendicular, to the plane of rotation of the following impeller 47, 51 on its blades and / or teeth 49, 52.
- the - in particular deflected - water-fuel emulsion of the second stage 45 and the second impeller 47 is supplied.
- the water-fuel emulsion in the second stage 45 or by means of the second impeller 47 is homogenized, mixed or emulsified and / or the water droplets in the second stage 45 or by means of the second impeller 47 further reduced or smashed.
- the water-fuel emulsion in the emulsifying in particular by means of the guide means 53, circulated and / or at least a portion of the water-fuel emulsion is guided against the main flow direction, preferably such that the dwell time of the water-fuel emulsion in the emulsifier 4 increases.
- a radially outwardly directed pressure can be generated by the impeller 47, 51, which is a return flow of emulsion against the main flow direction and along the shaft 34 back to the impeller
- the emulsion is further homogenized and a homoge- prepared emulsion with low emulsion purchase rate, without the water and fuel again separate or segregate.
- the water-fuel emulsion is further mixed or homogenized in an optional third stage 50.
- the emulsion can be formed by guide channels 56 again, preferably transversely, in particular at least substantially perpendicular, to the plane of rotation of the third impeller 51 on the blades and / or teeth 52.
- the water-fuel emulsion (in connection) is fed via the outlet 41 of the injection nozzle 5.
- the water-fuel emulsion in the injection nozzle 5 is emulsified or homogenized, preferably wherein the injection nozzle 5 is formed as a third stage 50 or further emulsifying stage.
- the water-fuel emulsion in the injection nozzle 5 is atomized and / or emulsified and / or emulsified so that the average water droplet size is less than 1 ⁇ . It is therefore proposed to use a preferably multi-stage rotor-stator emulsifier or turbomachine or the emulsifier 4 together with the injection nozzle 5 for producing the water-fuel emulsion for the internal combustion engine 1, in particular together or as a structural unit.
- the speed of the emulsifying device 4 or of the drive 59 or of the rotor 61 is controlled by means of the control device 25, in particular as a function of the engine speed, the engine torque and / or the cooling temperature.
- the emulsifying system 3 in particular the emulsifying device 4 and / or the injection nozzle 5, is purged with (pure) fuel, if necessary, preferably The fuel and / or emulsion residues are fed to the leakage line 30 or the water separator 31.
- the water-fuel emulsion is fed by means of the injection nozzle 5 an associated cylinder or injected into an associated combustion chamber.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102015014943.1A DE102015014943A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 | 2015-11-19 | Emulgiersystem und Emulgierverfahren |
PCT/EP2016/025150 WO2017084765A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-11-21 | Emulgiersystem und emulgierverfahren |
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EP16826706.0A Withdrawn EP3377752A1 (de) | 2015-11-19 | 2016-11-21 | Emulgiersystem und emulgierverfahren |
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US (1) | US10731606B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3377752A1 (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2017084765A1 (de) |
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AT519880B1 (de) * | 2017-07-05 | 2018-11-15 | Avl List Gmbh | Druckregeleinrichtung für ein Kraftstoffverbrauchsmesssystem und Kraftstoffverbrauchsmesssystem |
JP6954103B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-10-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 添加剤噴射弁の冷却装置 |
DE102018207997A1 (de) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102019102900A1 (de) * | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-06 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Einspritzung einer Emulsion in eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN110871042A (zh) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-10 | 山东中塑泰富科技有限公司 | 一种蒸煮包装膜用粘合剂生产装置 |
DE102020206494A1 (de) * | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-25 | Hyundai Motor Company | Kraftstoffpumpe für ein Flüssigkraftstoff-Wasser-Einspritzsystem eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN115025652A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-09-09 | 桐乡市易德纺织有限公司 | 一种用于纺织加工的乳化液生产装置及其生产方法 |
CN115318189B (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-11-17 | 郑州三华科技实业有限公司 | 涂料调色系统和涂料的调色方法 |
CN115228312B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-25 | 山东恒智医创医疗器械科技有限公司 | 一种医用雾化消毒液的制备工艺 |
CN115608186B (zh) * | 2022-10-28 | 2024-06-07 | 德化县祥山大果油茶有限公司 | 一种山茶油护肤乳高效乳化工艺及其设备 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CH364492A (de) | 1957-11-13 | 1962-09-30 | Flottmann Friedrich Heinrich D | Emulgiervorrichtung |
IT1075218B (it) * | 1975-12-12 | 1985-04-22 | Dynatrol Consult | Apparecchio per il miscelamento di fluidi |
FI61814C (fi) * | 1980-07-22 | 1982-10-11 | Finnreg Oy | Emulgeringsanordning |
US4421413A (en) * | 1981-09-28 | 1983-12-20 | Sekiguchi Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for continuously emulsifying the liquids |
DE3912344A1 (de) * | 1989-04-14 | 1990-10-18 | Harrier Gmbh | Einrichtung zum herstellen einer oel-wasser-emulsion |
DE4412965A1 (de) | 1994-04-14 | 1995-10-19 | Kessler Mueller Evelin | Emulsionsbetrieb eines Dieselmotors |
DE4435823C1 (de) * | 1994-10-07 | 1995-12-14 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Bifluide Einspritzdüse |
DE20020142U1 (de) * | 2000-11-20 | 2001-02-22 | Zisser Michael | Dispergator |
JP4156191B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-22 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社小松製作所 | エマルジョン製造装置 |
DE102005044046B4 (de) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-01-18 | Adrian Verstallen | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Dieselöl-Wasser-Mikroemulsion und zur Einspritzung dieser Emulsion in einen Dieselmotor |
DE102009048223A1 (de) | 2009-10-05 | 2011-06-16 | Fachhochschule Trier | Verfahren zur In-Situ-Herstellung von Treibstoff-Wasser-Gemischen in Verbrennungsmotoren |
DE102011008331A1 (de) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-12 | Claudia Aumüller-Karger | Verbrennungsmotor mit Drittmedieneinspeisung |
EP2832982A1 (de) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-04 | OTC GmbH | System und Verfahren zur Reduktion der Menge von verschmutzenden Inhalten im Abgas eines flüssigkeitsbetriebenen Verbrennungsmotor |
-
2015
- 2015-11-19 DE DE102015014943.1A patent/DE102015014943A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-11-21 EP EP16826706.0A patent/EP3377752A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-11-21 WO PCT/EP2016/025150 patent/WO2017084765A1/de active Application Filing
- 2016-11-21 US US15/776,483 patent/US10731606B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20180328315A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
DE102015014943A1 (de) | 2017-05-24 |
US10731606B2 (en) | 2020-08-04 |
WO2017084765A1 (de) | 2017-05-26 |
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