EP3376105A1 - Ofenkammerrost für mit pellets und anderen festen brennstoffen befeuerte brenner - Google Patents

Ofenkammerrost für mit pellets und anderen festen brennstoffen befeuerte brenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3376105A1
EP3376105A1 EP18460017.9A EP18460017A EP3376105A1 EP 3376105 A1 EP3376105 A1 EP 3376105A1 EP 18460017 A EP18460017 A EP 18460017A EP 3376105 A1 EP3376105 A1 EP 3376105A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
grate
plates
fitted
plate
rows
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EP18460017.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3376105B1 (de
Inventor
Michal Brzeski
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Pellasx Sp zoo SK
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Pellasx Sp zoo SK
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a furnace chamber grate dedicated for burner fuelled with pellets, agripellets and other similar solid fuels (including fossil fuels), intended for households, public buildings, storage facilities and production halls.
  • Pellets and other similar fuels are incinerated on grate plates installed inside burners.
  • fixed grates are used, which is somewhat problematic because cleaning a fixed grate involves the stoppage of the entire unit, as the furnace must be cooled down by shutting off fuel supply and increasing fan speed.
  • the grate needs to be manually removed and sintered deposit formed during the incineration process need to be manually scrapped off while the grate is outside the boiler.
  • the deposits need to be carefully removed because they block air inlets in the grate and reduce the cubic capacity of the furnace chamber, which could eventually lead to a failure and burner malfunction. After the cleaning operation, it is necessary to reinstall the grate inside the burner and to initiate the start-up sequence.
  • the designs of newer solid fuel boilers combine a movable and a fixed grate, or only use a movable, usually stepped and at least bipartite grate, perfectly suitable for the combustion of sustainable fuels such as wood chips, shavings and sawdust, wood pellets, straw and hay pellets, or fruit / vegetable production waste.
  • the working principle of a movable grate involves feeding fuel to its upper part, following which the reciprocal movement of the grate gradually transfers fuel towards the lower part of the furnace, which is accompanied by its gradual combustion and drying by means of adequately targeted streams of hot flue gas (the flue gas flow direction being opposite to the fuel transfer direction). By the time fuel reaches the far end of the grate, it is completely incinerated.
  • the design of movable grates makes it possible to remove ash and unburned remains from the furnace.
  • the Polish utility model PL067681 (Y1 ) teaches a burner of a water heating boiler adapted for biomass incineration, an example embodiment of which is shown in Pos. Ia , Pos. Ib , characterized in that a fixed grate in its floor is fitted with longitudinal gaps wherein upright movable grate bars (1) are located, powered by a motor (17) via of a drawbar (14) and a eccentric mechanism (15).
  • the movable grate bars (1) rest on a slide support (18) fitted with rounded surfaces along the entire distance travelled by the grate bars (1) from the eccentric mechanism (15).
  • the supports [MC1] are located in the front section of a grate housing (20) and on the outer, front side of an insulation tray (22).
  • the movable grate bars (1) have a toothed upper surface, preferably with vertical tooth edges directed towards the burner outlet.
  • the eccentric mechanism (15) is fitted with a sensor for positioning the grate bars (1).
  • a fixed grate, (2) and a movable grate (1) [MC2] is covered with a cover (6) from the top.
  • the upper part of the cover (6) has chamotte ceramic insulation (7).
  • the grate bars (1)and (2) [MC3] are fitted with the housing (20) that forms an air chamber. Over the entire surface of the trough-shaped fixed grate (2) there are ventilation holes (5).
  • the movable grate bars (1) are connected via the drawbar (14) with the eccentric mechanism (15) powered with the motor (17). At the drawbar (14) end-piece, the eccentric mechanism (15) is fitted with the sensor (16) for positioning the grate bars (1).
  • the eccentric mechanism (15) with the motor (17) and the positioning sensor (16) as well as the support of the drawbar (14) are all located on a supporting platform (19).
  • Combustion air is fed from a fan via an aeration chamber (21) and a blow duct (9) to the air chamber, from where it moves through the ventilation holes (5) to a furnace space (3).
  • the bottom of the air chamber is fitted with an opening cleanout (10), intended for ash removal from the chamber.
  • Self-cleaning is one advantage of the burner described above.
  • the furnace grate is cleaned automatically, in accordance with the cleaning frequency set on the movable grate bar positioning sensor.
  • a cleaner furnace ensures enhanced combustion performance, thus improving the boiler's thermal efficiency.
  • the description of the utility model W. 123240 teaches a pellet burner grate with stepped and segmented design, as shown in Pos. 2a, Pos. 2b and Pos. 2c , characterized in that the complete burner grate assembly is fitted in a retractable drawer (1) that can be retracted from a burner (12), while individual parts of fixed grate bars (7) are permanently and directly mounted to the retractable drawer (1) on rest supports. Individual segments of movable grate bars (8) are mounted via rest supports to an inner movable drawer (2). The movable drawer (2) is mounted on slide bearings inside the retractable drawer (1).
  • the segments of the fixed and movable grate bars (7, 8) are fitted with ventilation openings on the surface and are attached to the rest supports via H-shaped locks, ensuring clearance in three directions.
  • the front parts of the segments of the grate bars (7, 8) are bent downwards, in an L-shaped fashion.
  • a similar pellet burner grate design is known from the description of the utility model W. 123375.
  • the grate as shown in Pos.3a and Pos. 3b, resembles a drawer (2) in a drawer (1), with a stepped and segmented design. It is alternatingly fitted with fixed grate bars and movable grate bars, installed every other step.
  • the movable grate bars move over fixed bars in a reciprocating motion induced by a mechanical drive (3) housed in the retractable drawer (1) that can be retracted from a burner via a drawbar (4), while individual parts of the fixed grate bars (5) are permanently and directly mounted to the retractable drawer (1) on rest supports.
  • movable grate bars (6) are mounted via rest supports to the inner movable drawer (2).
  • the movable drawer (2) is mounted on slide bearings inside the retractable drawer (1).
  • the front parts of the grate bars (5) and (6) are bent backwards, and the segments of the grate bars (5) and (6) have at least one longitudinal ventilation groove (9) on their horizontal surface, and a downward-bent extension (7) of that surface is fitted with a protruding tongue (8) that matches the opposite groove (9) in lower segments of the grate bars, which expels slag from the groove (9) as it moves over the surface of the fixed grate (5).
  • the length of the tongue (8) is at least equal to the thickness of the grate bars (5) and (6).
  • the Polish application for the invention P. 398958 (A1 ) teaches a pellet burner with a self-cleaning grate, as shown in Pos. 4a, Pos. 4b and Pos. 4c , characterized in that the lower section of a furnace body (8), underneath a fixed grate (7) is fitted with a movable grate (6) which forms its bottom and which is detachably mounted on pins screwed to a [bogie [MC4] (9).
  • the bogie (9) is screw-mounted to a toothed bar, which in its turn is connected to a linear actuator (12).
  • the linear actuator (12) is installed on a mounting platform located on the outer side of an air jacket (28), on the projected extension of the toothed bar (23).
  • the lower surface of the furnace body (8) is fitted with front openings the length of which corresponds to a single pitch traveled by the bogie (9) during the furnace cleaning cycle.
  • the front section of the furnace body (8) under the movable grate (6) is fitted with a cleanout (25).
  • the bogie (9) periodically moves in a reciprocating motion along the front openings.
  • the burner cleaning cycle involves cooling down the furnace by shutting off fuel supply and increasing fan (13) speed.
  • the next stage involves switching the linear actuator (12) to the toothed bar (23) feeding mode while the movable grate (6) is fully retracted to the back of the burner (open position).
  • the movable grate (6) is fully retracted to the back of the burner (open position).
  • a contact sensor (15) detects its correct location (closed position).
  • combustion residues from the front part of the furnace fall directly to the ash chamber via the cleanout (25) in the burner furnace body (8), while the other residues fall to the bottom of the inner part of the furnace body (8).
  • the international patent application published as WO96/16306 (also published as PL179002 (B1 )) teaches a grate plate design for multi-stage grates dedicated primarily for cooling or other kinds of processing of loose or volumetric materials.
  • the grate consists of a number of plates, preferably arranged one next to another on a grate conveyor, with each grate plate being fixed to the grate conveyor via a mounting assembly.
  • the mounting assembly (11, 211, 311, 411, 412, 911) features at least one mounting element (12, 212, 412), whose one end (14) on the grate plate side penetrates through an opening (15) in a front wall (3, 203, 403, 503, 903, 903') of the grate plate (2, 202, 302, 402, 502, 602, 902) and is mounted by means of mounting units in the form of a dome cap [MC5] (16, 216, 416, 916), installed on the mounting element (12, 212, 412), while its opposite end on the grate support / conveyor side (1, 201, 301, 401, 901) is connected to that grate support / conveyor via a hitching element / anchoring means (13, 213) for rigid hitching to the grate support / conveyor (1, 201, 301, 401, 901).
  • a hitching element / anchoring means 13, 213 for rigid hitching to the grate support / conveyor (1, 201, 301
  • the purpose of the present invention was to develop a grate for burner furnace chambers, whose working principle would be similar to that of a mechanism known from another technical area and used in transport vehicles (trucks, tippers, dump trailers dedicated for removal of deposits, sludge, loose materials such as scrap metal, sand, gravel, recycled glass, construction waste, animal feed, bran, etc.). While the said mechanism uses the principle of movable grate, in fact it constitutes the so-called walking floor, i.e.
  • a segmented floor made of a series of steel bars (panels, profiles) clustered in groups of a few such bars per row (segment), adapted to make slow reciprocating motions in an alternating fashion, induced by a push-pull action of elements powered with a hydraulic drive.
  • a walking floor facilitates, automates and largely accelerates loading and unloading of goods in transport vehicles
  • the newly designed grate for burner furnace chambers with a similar working principle could ensure operation-free, self-cleaning furnace chamber by efficiently shredding and automatically removing ash and sinter deposits from the grate.
  • Such deposits build up when fuel is contaminated for instance with sand, fine plastic particles or - in the case of fuels made of laminated furniture boards - with varnish, paint or glue.
  • a segmented furnace chamber grate for pellet burners according to the present invention. Its entire surface is formed by a number of movable grate bars connected by known means, fitted with inlet ventilation holes.
  • the grate bars are loosely mounted by means of a mounting assembly.
  • the grate bars are located side by side, forming identifiable parts (sectors), at least two of which are mechanically driven and repeatedly move in a reciprocating fashion.
  • the grate bars that form the grate take the form of plates in the shape of a prism or pyramid with a rectangular base.
  • Each such plate has a coupling protrusion (tongue) on one edge, and a groove on the edge parallel to it, designed to match the coupling protrusion (tongue) of a neighboring plate, for joining the plates in a jigsaw-puzzle fashion.
  • the other two edges of each plate are smooth and loosely fitted so that longitudinal expansion gaps are formed between plate surfaces.
  • the plate components of the grate form either a flat surface or an arched concave surface.
  • each row of plates is configured mechanically and can be effected in any sequence and at any speed.
  • the grate plates are made of a material resistant to very high temperatures (over 500°C).
  • each row of plates is configured mechanically and can be effected in any preprogrammed sequence and at any speed, thanks to a reciprocating movement mechanism.
  • the mechanism is installed behind the rear furnace plate and consists of a mechanical drive with a toothed gearing that drives one or more drive shafts with push cams that interact with the distal ends of guide rails, thus moving them to the front and to the back of the burner.
  • the guide rails are connected to the rows of the plates, thus inducing their reciprocating motion.
  • One advantage of the burner furnace chamber grate according to the invention is that the furnace chamber grate is cleaned automatically, thus making the combustion chamber operation-free. Thanks to a clean furnace the efficiency of the incineration process is higher because the burner can be used continuously.
  • Monolithic grates commonly known and used so far, are susceptible to the serious problem of grate cracking caused by operational thermal stress.
  • the grate is modular, as it is divided into a number of smaller surfaces with numerous gaps between them, which not only ensures free movement of the plates in relation to one another, but also effectively neutralizes additional stress and thermal deformation of the grate, thus making the grate more resistant to cracking.
  • the grate thickness can also be reduced, which translates into tangible economic gains as less material is required for manufacturing.
  • the rows can also move forward in an alternating pattern (i.e. plates 1, 3, 5 etc. move forward while plates 2, 4, etc. move backward). Alternatively, some rows can be immobilized (e.g. 2, 4 and 6).
  • the grate can be made in two versions: either flat or concave (arched), which improves combustion efficiency.
  • the furnace chamber grate for burners fuelled with pellets and other solid fuels according to the present invention has been used in a burner fuelled with pellets, agripellets and wood chips, in which fuel is continuously fed into the furnace chamber in order to sustain the combustion process.
  • the burner is fitted with a steel body constituting a permanent housing with a pellet inlet and a furnace chamber surrounded by a cylindrical, immovable shield permanently fixed to the body.
  • the space between the furnace chamber and the shield forms a semi-annular inlet duct supplying air to the furnace chamber via inlet openings distributed along the shield's circumference.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show a simplified view of the grate only, while Fig. 4, Fig. 5 , Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the furnace chamber with the grate according to the present invention, complete with the driving mechanism.
  • Fig. 2 The grate shown in Fig. 2 was used in the first embodiment. Another embodiment is presented in Fig. 3 , while Figs. 4 to 7 show a third embodiment.
  • the grate 1 as shown in Fig. 2 is flat and segmented. Its surface is formed by 30 movable grate bars in the form of plates 2 ( 2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 ... 2 30 ), each in the shape of a low prism with a rectangular base.
  • the surface of each plate is fitted with six inlet ventilation holes 3, supplying air to the furnace space, and one sharp-edged jutting section 4 of a nearly cuboidal shape, the purpose of which is to ensure that the movement of the grill bars more efficiently induces transfer of burning fuel (wood chips).
  • one of the shorter edges of each plate is fitted with a protrusion (tongue) 5 , and its opposite shorter edge is fitted with a groove 6.
  • Plate rows R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 are mechanically driven by means of a cam mechanism and a gearing (not shown), inducing cyclical reciprocating movements in the following configuration: when all rows are in the full-forward position, they begin to be retracted one by one (for example in the following sequence: R2, R4, R1, R5, R3). When all row plates are fully retracted, they begin returning to the starting position, and the cyclical reciprocal movement causes the furnace to self-clean. Ashes from solid fuel incineration and impurities in that fuel fall to an ash chamber placed underneath (not shown).
  • the grate 1 as shown in Fig. 3 is concave (arched) and segmented. Its surface is formed by 36 movable grate bars in the form of plates 2 (2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 ... 2 36 ), each in the shape of a low truncated pyramid with a rectangular base.
  • the surface of each plate 2 is fitted with six inlet ventilation holes 3.
  • the plates 2 are fitted with coupling elements (not shown) for joining the plates in a jigsaw-puzzle fashion, to form rows R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 .
  • the other two edges of each plate are smooth and loosely fitted to form longitudinal expansion gaps 7 between plate surfaces.
  • Plate rows R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are mechanically driven by means of electric linear actuators (not shown).
  • the rows move cyclically in a reciprocating fashion: rows R 1 and R 6 do not move, while the other rows move as follows: when all of them are in the full-forward position, they begin to be retracted one by one (for example in the following sequence: R2, R4, R5, R3). When all of them are fully retracted, they begin returning to the starting position.
  • a burner was built, and its combustion chamber was fitted with a grate 1 according to the present invention.
  • the grate 1 is concave (arched) and segmented. Its surface is formed by 36 movable grate bars in the form of plates 2 (2 1 , 2 2 , 2 3 ... 2 36 ), each in the shape of a low truncated pyramid with a rectangular base, made of a material resistant to temperatures exceeding 500°C.
  • the surface of each plate 2 is fitted with ten inlet ventilation holes 3, and its upper surface is fitted with a prism-shaped jutting section 4.
  • the shorter edges of the rectangular plates 2 are fitted with coupling elements - a protrusion (tongue) 5 on one edge, and a groove 6 on the opposite edge.
  • the shape of the protrusion 5 [MC6] matches the shape of the groove 6 of a neighboring plate, thus joining the plates in a jigsaw-puzzle fashion, to form rows R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 .
  • the longer edges of each plate 2 are smooth and loosely fitted to form longitudinal expansion gaps 7 between rows R made of the plates 2.
  • the grate 1 was placed inside a furnace chamber consisting of a bottom section 8 which constitutes an air jacket supplying air to the chamber, and a top section 9 covering approximately two-thirds of the combustion chamber.
  • the rear section of the grate 1 is set on the rear furnace plate 10 fitted with a centrally positioned hole 11 used to feed fuel to the combustion chamber, and with air supply holes 12.
  • Behind the rear furnace plate 10 there are driving mechanisms consisting of a drive motor 13 , a drive shaft 14 with push cams 15 , a toothed gearing 16 of the reciprocating movement mechanism and guide rails 17.
  • the mechanisms are mounted to a left and right mounting wall ( 18 and 19 , respectively) and secured with
  • rows R of the plates 2 of the grate 1 move cyclically in a reciprocating fashion in the following configuration: rows R 1 and R 6 do not move, while the other rows move forward.
  • rows R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are in the full-forward position, they begin to be retracted one by one (for example in the following sequence: R5, R3, R2, R4 ). When all of them are fully retracted, they begin returning to the starting position.
  • rows R 3 and R 4 are moving forward, rows R 3 and R 4 are being retracted, and vice versa : while rows R 3 and R 4 are moving forward, rows R 2 and R 5 are being retracted.
  • rows R 1 and R 6 remain immovable, rows R 2 and R 4 move forward, and rows R 3 and R 5 go backward (and vice versa ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP18460017.9A 2017-03-14 2018-03-12 Ofenkammerrost für mit pellets und anderen festen brennstoffen befeuerten brenner Active EP3376105B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL420815A PL232801B1 (pl) 2017-03-14 2017-03-14 Ruszt komory paleniskowej palnika do spalania pelletów, agropelletów i innych podobnego typu paliw stałych

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EP3376105A1 true EP3376105A1 (de) 2018-09-19
EP3376105B1 EP3376105B1 (de) 2023-01-04

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EP18460017.9A Active EP3376105B1 (de) 2017-03-14 2018-03-12 Ofenkammerrost für mit pellets und anderen festen brennstoffen befeuerten brenner

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559048A (en) * 1921-04-22 1925-10-27 James A Packard Boiler furnace
GB983890A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-02-17 Von Roll Ag An inclined grate for an incinerator
US4537139A (en) * 1983-05-05 1985-08-27 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft Grate of incinerator
WO1996016306A1 (de) 1994-11-17 1996-05-30 Karl Von Wedel Rostplattenanordnung
US5895213A (en) * 1995-05-25 1999-04-20 Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp. Clinker cooler
US6196143B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-03-06 Powerhouse Technology, Inc. Clip having sloped sides
WO2003008863A1 (de) * 2001-07-17 2003-01-30 Michael Janzer Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bildung eines rostbodens bestehend aus untereinander formschlüssig verbundenen lamellenkörpern
PL398958A1 (pl) 2012-04-24 2012-12-03 Dziubela Robert Przedsiebiorstwo Wielobranzowe Defro Palnik na pelety z rusztem samooczyszczajacym sie
PL67681Y1 (pl) 2012-09-05 2015-03-31 Sas Mieczysław Zakład Metalowo Kotlarski Sas Palnik kotła grzewczego wodnego przystosowany do spalania biomasy
EP2985527A1 (de) * 2014-08-14 2016-02-17 PellasX Spólka z o.o. Spólka Komandytowa Belüftungsmechanismus einer brennkammer in einem pelletbrenner

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1559048A (en) * 1921-04-22 1925-10-27 James A Packard Boiler furnace
GB983890A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-02-17 Von Roll Ag An inclined grate for an incinerator
US4537139A (en) * 1983-05-05 1985-08-27 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Aktiengesellschaft Grate of incinerator
WO1996016306A1 (de) 1994-11-17 1996-05-30 Karl Von Wedel Rostplattenanordnung
PL179002B1 (en) 1994-11-17 2000-07-31 Wedel Karl Von Fire grate structure
US5895213A (en) * 1995-05-25 1999-04-20 Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp. Clinker cooler
US6196143B1 (en) * 1999-12-23 2001-03-06 Powerhouse Technology, Inc. Clip having sloped sides
WO2003008863A1 (de) * 2001-07-17 2003-01-30 Michael Janzer Vorrichtung und verfahren zur bildung eines rostbodens bestehend aus untereinander formschlüssig verbundenen lamellenkörpern
PL398958A1 (pl) 2012-04-24 2012-12-03 Dziubela Robert Przedsiebiorstwo Wielobranzowe Defro Palnik na pelety z rusztem samooczyszczajacym sie
PL67681Y1 (pl) 2012-09-05 2015-03-31 Sas Mieczysław Zakład Metalowo Kotlarski Sas Palnik kotła grzewczego wodnego przystosowany do spalania biomasy
EP2985527A1 (de) * 2014-08-14 2016-02-17 PellasX Spólka z o.o. Spólka Komandytowa Belüftungsmechanismus einer brennkammer in einem pelletbrenner

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Publication number Publication date
EP3376105B1 (de) 2023-01-04
PL232801B1 (pl) 2019-07-31
PL420815A1 (pl) 2018-09-24

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