EP3375746A1 - Turmkran - Google Patents

Turmkran Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3375746A1
EP3375746A1 EP18156339.6A EP18156339A EP3375746A1 EP 3375746 A1 EP3375746 A1 EP 3375746A1 EP 18156339 A EP18156339 A EP 18156339A EP 3375746 A1 EP3375746 A1 EP 3375746A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jib
counter
tower crane
pivoting structure
tower
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18156339.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Enrico NATELLA
Lorenzo NIZZOLINI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eng Cranes Srl
Original Assignee
Eng Cranes Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eng Cranes Srl filed Critical Eng Cranes Srl
Publication of EP3375746A1 publication Critical patent/EP3375746A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tower crane, such as a traditional tower crane or a luffing jib tower crane of the type commonly known by the name of luffer crane.
  • a tower crane generally comprises a vertical structure, conventionally called “tower”, which is firmly anchored to the ground and at the top carries a pivoting structure which, due to the interposition of a special fifth wheel, is adapted to move with respect to the tower by rotating around a vertical rotation axis.
  • the pivoting structure generally comprises a long jib intended for load handling, usually called “rise”, and a shorter counter jib, or “counter rise", which carries the ballasts necessary for the static balance of jibs and loads.
  • jib and counter jib are both fixed to the pivoting structure and protrude horizontally cantilevered from diametrically opposed parts with respect to the tower.
  • a requirement associated with the use of tower cranes is that the pivoting structure thereof can rotate by 360°, so that the jib and the counter jib are free to arrange in the direction of the wind when the crane is not used, such as after work.
  • luffing jib towers are preferably used, in which the jib designed to handle loads is constrained to the pivoting structure by means of a horizontal articulation axis and is associated with special driving means, which are adapted to rotate it around said articulation axis so as to vary the inclination thereof with respect to the ground.
  • the luffing jib can be rotated between a lowered position, in which it is substantially horizontal or slightly inclined, and a raised position in which the jib is very inclined with respect to the ground in order to significantly reduce the lateral bulk of the tower crane when not in use.
  • the cantilever length of the counter jib is generally larger than 7-8 metres because of the need to accommodate not only the balancing weights but also many other functional devices, such as the load-lifting winch, the electrical panel and the hydraulic driving unit.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the above drawback of the prior art by providing a tower crane having a very small lateral bulk and which can therefore be used in extremely confined spaces.
  • Another object is to achieve the above object with a simple, rational and relatively cost-effective solution.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a tower crane comprising:
  • the two counter jibs can have a significantly smaller length than the single counter jib of the prior art, thus effectively reducing the lateral bulk of the tower crane and thus the manoeuvring space needed for the use thereof.
  • the two counter jibs may both have a horizontal extension of between 3 and 5 metres with respect to the rotation axis.
  • the upper counter jib may have a larger horizontal extension than the lower counter jib.
  • the presence of two counter jibs also has the advantage of providing a loading space globally comparable to or even larger than the single counter jib of the prior art, so as to still accommodate all functional devices that are conventionally installed on the counter jib.
  • At least one device selected from the group consisting of: a lifting winch, a hydraulic group and an electrical panel may be installed on one of the counter jibs; while the remaining devices of the group may be installed on the other counter jib.
  • the winch may be installed on the upper counter jib while the hydraulic group and the electrical panel may be installed on the lower counter jib.
  • each device is placed in the most convenient position for its operation and use.
  • a respective group of ballasts may also be installed on each counter jib having the function to counterbalance the weight of the jib and the loads connected thereto.
  • each of these ballasts may for example consist of a steel block, so as to have a specific weight greater than conventional reinforced concrete blocks, with the effect of providing the same counterweight with a smaller footprint.
  • the pivoting structure may comprise a cage extending vertically and the two counter jibs may be individually shaped as a platform attached to and cantilevering horizontally from said cage.
  • the two counter jibs provide a stable support for all the devices installed thereon and can also provide a platform for the operators.
  • the jib adapted for load handling may be articulated to the pivoting structure according to a horizontal rotation axis.
  • the present invention relates to a tower crane 100 and more in particular, a tower crane with luffing jib of the type commonly known by the name of luffer crane.
  • Crane 100 comprises a vertical structure, usually referred to as "tower” and indicated as a whole with reference numeral 105, which may have the overall shape of a parallelepiped extending according to a vertical central axis starting from a lower end towards a top.
  • the lower end of tower 105 is firmly anchored to the ground, for example by means of a resting base 110 on which a ballast 110 is loaded having a stabilization function.
  • Tower 105 may consist of a lattice structure, typically a metal lattice, which may for example comprise four vertical uprights connected together by a plurality of horizontal and diagonal crosspieces, thus defining an empty inner space in which a ladder and any platforms may be accommodated.
  • a lattice structure typically a metal lattice, which may for example comprise four vertical uprights connected together by a plurality of horizontal and diagonal crosspieces, thus defining an empty inner space in which a ladder and any platforms may be accommodated.
  • tower 105 may be longitudinally divided into a plurality of prefabricated elements or segments having a predetermined height, such as between 2 and 12 metres, which are coaxially stacked on top of each other and fitted together by means of removable fasteners, for example by means of bolts, up to obtain a tower 105 having desired height.
  • Tower 105 may be mounted and disassembled directly on site by means of a telescoping cage 120, whose operation is known per se and is therefore not described in detail.
  • Crane 100 further comprises a pivoting structure 125, which is installed at the top of tower 105 by the interposition of a fifth wheel 130 which allows said pivoting structure 125 to rotate about a vertical rotation axis Y.
  • the rotation axis Y of the pivoting structure 125 is preferably coincident with the central axis of tower 105, so as to improve the stability of crane 100.
  • the fifth wheel 130 generally comprises a fixed ring connected to tower 105 and a rotatable ring connected to the pivoting structure 125, which is rotatably coupled to the fixed ring through the interposition of rolling elements, such as one or more rows of balls.
  • the actuation in rotating of the pivoting structure 125 may be achieved by means of one or more motors, such as an electric or hydraulic motor, which is adapted to actuate in rotation the rotatable ring of the fifth wheel 130 with respect to the fixed ring.
  • the motor may be installed aboard the pivoting structure 125 and be adapted to actuate a pinion that meshes on a toothed crown coaxially anchored to the fixed ring of the fifth wheel 130.
  • the pivoting structure 125 comprises a cage 135, which can be shaped as a parallelepiped tower that extends with a vertical central axis starting from a lower end connected to the fifth wheel 130 towards an upper top end.
  • Cage 135 may consist of a lattice structure, such as a metal lattice, and is internally hollow so as to define an empty inner channel which extends along the central axis of cage 135 up to the top.
  • the central axis of cage 135 coincides with the rotation axis Y of the pivoting structure 125 and thus with the central axis of the underlying tower 105.
  • the pivoting structure 125 further comprises a luffing jib 145, which has a free end and an opposite end that is articulated at the base of cage 135 according to a horizontal articulation axis X.
  • the luffing jib 145 is generally shaped as an elongated body which extends mainly along a longitudinal axis Z substantially orthogonal to the articulation axis X.
  • the luffing jib 145 may consist of a lattice structure, typically a metal lattice, which may for example comprise four longitudinal members oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis Z and connected together by a plurality of horizontal and diagonal crosspieces.
  • the luffing jib 145 may be longitudinally divided into a plurality of prefabricated elements or segments 150 having a limited length, such as between 2.5 and 6 metres, which are coaxially arranged in a succession and fitted together by means of removable fasteners, for example by means of bolts, up to obtain a luffing jib 145 having the desired length.
  • the prefabricated elements 150 may be fitted one after the other starting from a connecting element 155, shaped as a pinnacle, which is directly connected to the pivoting structure 125 by means of a joint that defines the articulation axis X.
  • the luffing jib 145 can vary its inclination with respect to the rotation axis Y of the pivoting structure 125 between a lowered position (see fig. 1 ) and a completely raised position (see fig. 4 ).
  • the luffing jib 145 protrudes transversely, i.e. substantially cantilevering, with respect to the rotation axis Y of the pivoting structure 125, forming an angle close to 80° therewith and thus being nearly horizontal with respect to the ground.
  • the luffing jib 145 In the completely raised position, the luffing jib 145 is perfectly vertical or nearly so.
  • the articulation axis X of the luffing jib 145 is substantially coplanar to the central axis of cage 135, so that when the luffing jib 145 is in the raised (vertical) position, at least the lower portion of the luffing jib 145 is accommodated within the inner channel of cage 135.
  • the height of cage 135 is selected so as to accommodate at least the first two prefabricated elements 150, i.e. the first prefabricated element directly fitted on the connecting element 155 and the second prefabricated element 150 directly fitted on the first one.
  • one of the sides of cage 135 parallel to the articulation axis X must be left open (i.e. left devoid of horizontal and/or oblique crosspieces), or it must be opened before lifting the luffing jib 145.
  • the oscillation of the luffing jib 145 around the articulation axis X may be obtained by means of a pair of hydraulically operated jacks 159 mounted aboard cage 135, preferably on the opposite side with respect to the luffing jib 145.
  • jacks 159 are oriented essentially vertically and comprise each a lower cylinder 160 from which a sliding stem 161 protrudes superiorly.
  • Cylinders 160 are articulated to cage according to an articulation axis X' parallel to the articulation axis X of the luffing arm 145, while the free ends of the sliding stems 161 are fixed to a single movable crosspiece 162.
  • the articulation axis X' of jacks 159 may be placed at a higher height than the articulation axis X of the luffing boom 145.
  • the movable crosspiece 162 is coupled with a system of pulleys 163 which are positioned at the top of cage 135 and whose ropes 164 are directly connected to the luffing jib 145, in particular to the free end thereof (see fig. 1 ).
  • the pulley system 163 is configured so that a shortening of jacks 159 corresponds to a pull of ropes 164 downwards, and thus a lifting of the luffing jib 145 and vice versa, a lengthening of jacks 159 corresponds to a release of ropes 164 and thus a lowering of the luffing jib 145.
  • the pulley system 163 is configured so as to multiply the displacement of the movable crosspiece 162, i.e. so that a predetermined linear displacement of the movable crosspiece 162 corresponds to a greater sliding of ropes 164, for example a sliding equal to three times the linear movement of the movable crosspiece 162.
  • jacks 159 are effectively able to lift the luffing jib 145 up to reach a perfectly vertical position.
  • cage 135 is also associated with two mutually overlapping counter jibs, of which a lower counter jib 165 which can be placed substantially at the same height as the articulation axis X of the luffing jib 145, and an upper counter jib 170 placed at a higher height, for example substantially at the same height as the articulation axis X' of jacks 159.
  • Each of these counter jibs 165 and 170 is attached substantially cantilevering to cage 135 so as to protrude horizontally with respect to it, and thus with respect to the rotation axis Y of the pivoting structure 125, on the diametrically opposite side with respect to the luffing jib 145 when in the lowered position.
  • the upper counter jib 170 may have a slightly greater horizontal extension than that of the lower counter jib 165.
  • both counter jibs 165 and 170 is preferably rather limited, such as between 3 and 5 metres.
  • horizontal extension refers to the maximum cantilever dimension of the counter jibs with respect to the rotation axis Y, measured along a horizontal direction and coplanar to the longitudinal axis Z of the luffing jib 145.
  • each counter jib 165 and 170 can be shaped like a platform that is attached outside cage 135 and that defines a horizontal loading platform.
  • ballasts 175 may be installed with the function of counterbalancing the weight of the luffing jib 145 and of the loads connected to it.
  • Each ballast 175 may consist of a steel block, which has a specific weight greater than conventional reinforced concrete blocks, thereby providing the same counterweight with a smaller footprint.
  • a lifting winch 180 may be installed on the upper counter jib 170, generally comprising a motor, such as an electric or hydraulic motor, and a drum adapted to be set in rotation by the motor, possibly through the interposition of a gearbox.
  • a motor such as an electric or hydraulic motor
  • a drum adapted to be set in rotation by the motor, possibly through the interposition of a gearbox.
  • a rope is wrapped around the drum of the lifting winch 180 which, guided by suitable return wheels placed at the top of cage 135, is connected to a pulley 185 placed at the free end of the luffing jib 145 to fasten the loads.
  • a hydraulic group 190 may be installed on the lower counter jib 165, which comprises one or more hydraulic pumps which, driven by suitable electric motors, are adapted to deliver oil under pressure towards the various utilities installed on crane 100, including for example the motor (if hydraulic) of the lifting winch 180, jacks 159 that actuate the movement of the luffing jib 145 and the motor (if hydraulic) that drives the rotation of the entire pivoting structure 125.
  • the lower counter jib 165 may also accommodate an electrical panel 195 whose purpose is to power and optionally disconnect, in case of breakdown or maintenance, the electrical utilities of crane 100, including for example the motor (if electric) of the lifting winch 180 and the motor (if electric) which drives the rotation of the entire pivoting structure 125.
  • an electrical panel 195 whose purpose is to power and optionally disconnect, in case of breakdown or maintenance, the electrical utilities of crane 100, including for example the motor (if electric) of the lifting winch 180 and the motor (if electric) which drives the rotation of the entire pivoting structure 125.
  • a peculiarity of crane 100 described above is that the luffing jib 145 can be disassembled piece by piece, without the need for external devices or machines.
  • the luffing jib 145 is first brought into the raised position shown in figure 4 and 5 , in which it is oriented vertically and in which the lower portion thereof is accommodated into the inner channel of cage 135.
  • jacks 159 may be detached from the pulley system 163 to be directly connected to the luffing jib 145 which is located in the raised position.
  • This connection (not shown in the figures) can be achieved by means of the movable crosspiece 162, which can be released from the pulley system 163 to be subsequently anchored to corresponding abutment elements of the luffing jib 145.
  • the movable crosspiece 162 can be anchored to the second prefabricated element 150 of the luffing jib 145 (the second one starting from the connecting element 155, and thus from below), for example by engaging one of the horizontal beams thereof.
  • the first prefabricated element 150 of the luffing jib 145 which is contained within cage 135, can be released from the connecting element 155 (which is directly articulated to cage 135) and from the second prefabricated element 150 (to which the movable crosspiece 162 has been attached), for example by removing the mutual connection bolts.
  • jacks 159 may be actuated so as to slightly raise the second prefabricated element 150 and with it the entire upper portion of the luffing jib 145, which can then be anchored to cage 135.
  • the first prefabricated element 150 is completely free and can be pulled out sideways from cage 135 (see fig. 6 ), for example with the aid of special carriages provided with a movement in the horizontal direction.
  • this first prefabricated element 150 is placed outside and next to cage 135, the same can be attached to pulley 185 that comes down from the end of the luffing jib 145, to be lowered to the ground with the lifting winch 180.
  • jacks 159 may be actuated so as to lower the remaining portion of the luffing jib 145, until the second prefabricated element 150 is brought substantially at the same height previously occupied by the first prefabricated element 150, such as resting on the connecting element 155 (see fig. 7 ).
  • the luffing jib 145 can be anchored to cage 135, so that the movable crosspiece 162 can be released from the second prefabricated element 150 and, after appropriate extension of jacks 159, be anchored to the fourth prefabricated element 150.
  • the second prefabricated element 150 can be released from the fourth prefabricated element 150 and extracted from cage 135 in the same way as described for the first prefabricated element 150 (see fig. 8 ).
  • the remaining part of the luffing jib 145 is then lowered as shown in figure 9 and the procedure is repeated up to the complete disassembly of the luffing jib 145.
  • the assembly of the luffing jib 145 can be carried out with the aid of jacks 159 by simply by reversing the steps described above.
  • the pivoting structure 125 may be provided with some service platforms 210 attached externally with respect to cage 135 and placed at different heights, each of which is adapted to provide a support surface for the operators in charge of the above activities.
  • Crane 100 can finally be completed by a driver cab 215 which can be attached to, for example, the pivoting structure 125, for example at a height between the fifth wheel 130 and the lower counter jib 165.
  • jacks 159 are used both to vary the inclination of the luffing jib 145 and to disassemble it, it is not excluded that in other embodiments, these functions are assigned to different jacks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
EP18156339.6A 2017-03-13 2018-02-12 Turmkran Withdrawn EP3375746A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000027378A IT201700027378A1 (it) 2017-03-13 2017-03-13 Gru a torre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3375746A1 true EP3375746A1 (de) 2018-09-19

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ID=59337796

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EP18156339.6A Withdrawn EP3375746A1 (de) 2017-03-13 2018-02-12 Turmkran

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EP (1) EP3375746A1 (de)
IT (1) IT201700027378A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111115467A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-08 国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司 可防止线缆缠绕的安全塔吊

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6384094U (de) * 1986-11-18 1988-06-02
JPS63315493A (ja) * 1987-06-17 1988-12-23 株式会社　九段建築研究所 建築用タワ−クレ−ン
JP2008150159A (ja) * 2006-12-18 2008-07-03 Koshihara:Kk ジブクレーン
CN203159089U (zh) * 2013-04-12 2013-08-28 山东电力建设第二工程公司 塔式起重机筒壁施工伸缩提升平台
CN203754314U (zh) * 2014-04-11 2014-08-06 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 一种门塔机警示灯装置
CN204057757U (zh) * 2014-07-31 2014-12-31 芜湖合建路桥机械有限公司 一种双吊臂塔式起重机
EP2962978A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-06 Fursey Dunne Vorrichtung zum Anheben von Lasten und Verfahren zur Errichtung davon
DE102015016279A1 (de) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Turmdrehkran
CN205616473U (zh) * 2016-04-13 2016-10-05 林洁 一种全方位控制智能安全的塔吊机

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6384094U (de) * 1986-11-18 1988-06-02
JPS63315493A (ja) * 1987-06-17 1988-12-23 株式会社　九段建築研究所 建築用タワ−クレ−ン
JP2008150159A (ja) * 2006-12-18 2008-07-03 Koshihara:Kk ジブクレーン
CN203159089U (zh) * 2013-04-12 2013-08-28 山东电力建设第二工程公司 塔式起重机筒壁施工伸缩提升平台
CN203754314U (zh) * 2014-04-11 2014-08-06 中国葛洲坝集团股份有限公司 一种门塔机警示灯装置
EP2962978A1 (de) * 2014-06-30 2016-01-06 Fursey Dunne Vorrichtung zum Anheben von Lasten und Verfahren zur Errichtung davon
CN204057757U (zh) * 2014-07-31 2014-12-31 芜湖合建路桥机械有限公司 一种双吊臂塔式起重机
DE102015016279A1 (de) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh Turmdrehkran
CN205616473U (zh) * 2016-04-13 2016-10-05 林洁 一种全方位控制智能安全的塔吊机

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111115467A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-08 国网山东省电力公司淄博供电公司 可防止线缆缠绕的安全塔吊

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