Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
  • C07D307/48—Furfural
  • C07D307/50—Preparation from natural products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D307/40—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
  • C07D307/46—Doubly bound oxygen atoms, or two oxygen atoms singly bound to the same carbon atom
  • C07D307/48—Furfural

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for converting sugars and in particular hexoses to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent.
• at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent.
• 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is a compound derived from biomass that can be used in many fields as a precursor of active ingredients in pharmacy, agrochemicals or specialty chemicals. His interest in recent years is in its use as a precursor of furanedicarboxylic acid (FDCA) which is used as a substitute for terephthalic acid as a monomer for the production of polyester fibers or convenience plastics.
• FDCA furanedicarboxylic acid
• the dehydration of another sugar such as 5-HMF glucose is described in a polar protic solvent, for example water in Fu et al., Bioresources, 2015, 10, 1346, in the presence of a combination of aluminum triflate and oxalic acid with majority formation of unwanted products upon synthesis of 5-HMF such as levulinic acid and a 5-HMF yield of less than 10%.
• the dehydration of glucose is also described in water by Vlachos et al., Green Chem, 2015, 17, 4693, in the presence of a combination of chromium chloride and hydrochloric acid with majority formation of unwanted products during the synthesis of 5-HMF such as levulinic acid and a 5-HMF yield of up to 50%.
• the invention therefore relates to a process for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from a filler comprising at least one sugar using a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent.
• at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent.
• An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a novel process for converting a filler comprising at least one 5-hydroxymethylfurfural sugar, wherein said filler is brought into contact with a combination of at least one catalyst chosen from the acids homogeneous Lewis, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of phosphorus organic compounds, thioureas and sulfonic acids alone or in admixture in the presence of at least one polar aprotic solvent, at a temperature between 30 ° C and 300 ° C, and at a pressure between 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa.
• at least one catalyst chosen from the acids homogeneous Lewis, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of phosphorus organic compounds, thioureas and sulfonic acids alone or in admixture in the presence of at least one polar aprotic solvent, at a temperature
• Bronsted acid is meant a molecule of the Bronsted acid family carrying at least one acid function.
• homogeneous catalyst means a catalyst that is soluble in the reaction medium.
• heterogeneous catalyst is meant a catalyst insoluble in the reaction medium.
• aprotic solvent a molecule acting as a solvent and all the hydrogens are borne by carbon.
• polar solvent By polar solvent is meant a molecule acting as a solvent whose dipole moment ⁇ expressed in Debye at a numerical value greater than or equal to 2.00 measured at 25 ° C.
• An aprotic polar solvent is thus understood to mean a molecule acting as a solvent in which all the hydrogens are borne by carbon atoms and whose dipole moment ⁇ expressed in Debye at a numerical value greater than or equal to 2.00 measured at 25 ° C.
• An advantage of the present invention is to provide a process for converting sugars to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and at least one a homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst selected from the families of thioureas, sulfonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent and limiting the formation of unwanted by-products such as humins.
• Humines are secondary products of condensation resulting from the degradation of sugars in acidic medium such as polyfurans.
• the filler treated in the process according to the invention is a filler comprising at least one sugar, preferably chosen from polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides, alone or as a mixture.
• Monosaccharide more particularly denotes carbohydrates of general formula C 6 (H 2 O) 6 or C 6 H 12 0 6 .
• the preferred monosaccharides used as filler in the present invention are selected from glucose, mannose, fructose, alone or as a mixture.
• oligosaccharide is more particularly denotes a carbohydrate having the empirical formula C 6 nHion + 20 5 n + 1 where n is an integer greater than 1, the monosaccharide units making up said oligosaccharide being identical or different, and / or a hydrate of carbon having the empirical formula (C 6m H 1 0 m + 2O 5 m + 1 ) (C 5 n H 8n + 2 O 4n + 1 ) where m and n are integers greater than or equal to 1, the monosaccharide units making up said oligosaccharide being identical or different .
• the oligosaccharides are preferably chosen from oligomers of hexoses or pentoses and of hexoses, preferably from hexose oligomers, preferably with a degree of polymerization allowing them to be soluble in the reaction conditions envisaged by the invention. They can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of polysaccharides derived from renewable resources such as starch, inulin, cellulose or hemicellulose, possibly derived from lignocellulosic biomass. For example, the steam explosion of lignocellulosic biomass is a process of partial hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose contained in lignocellulosic biomass producing a flux of oligo- and monosaccharides.
• the preferred oligosaccharides used as filler in the present invention are preferably selected from sucrose, lactose, maltose, isomaltose, inulobiosis, melibiose, gentiobiose, trehalose, cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose and oligosaccharides resulting from the hydrolysis of said polysaccharides resulting from the hydrolysis of starch, inulin, cellulose or hemicellulose, taken alone or as a mixture.
• polysaccharide is more particularly denotes the polysaccharide (s) chosen (s) from starch, inulin, lignocellulosic biomass, cellulose and hemicellulose, alone or in mixture.
• Starch (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n is found in large quantities in the reserve organs of many plants: cereals, legumes, roots, tubers and rhizomes, and fruits.
• Inulin C 6n H 10 n + 2 O 5 n + 1 is, like starch, a means of storing energy for plants, it is found more particularly in the roots of astaraceae.
• Lignocellulosic biomass consists essentially of three natural components present in varying quantities according to its origin: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. It is found in any plant: grass, branches, agricultural residues, trees, corn plants, etc.
• Cellulose (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n represents the major part (40-60%) of the composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulose is insoluble in water at ambient temperature and pressure.
• Hemicellulose constitutes 20 to 40% by weight of the lignocellulosic biomass. Unlike cellulose, this polymer consists mainly of pentose monomers (5-atom rings) and hexoses (6-atom rings). Hemicellulose is an amorphous heteropolymer with a degree of polymerization lower than that of cellulose (30-100), and which is generally soluble in water.
• Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as a filler in the present invention as a result of any pretreatment known to those skilled in the art.
• the filler comprising at least one sugar used in the process according to the invention is chosen from cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, inulin, cellobiose, sucrose, fructose and glucose, taken alone. or in mixture.
• said filler is chosen from cellulose, starch, glucose and fructose, taken alone or as a mixture.
• said filler is brought into contact in the process according to the invention, with a combination of at least one catalyst chosen from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases and from at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst chosen from the families of thioureas, sulphonic acids and phosphorus-containing organic compounds alone or as a mixture in the presence of at least one aprotic polar solvent, at a temperature of between 30 ° C. and 300 ° C., and at a pressure of between 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa.
• at least one of the catalysts is chosen from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases.
• the homogeneous Lewis acids are chosen from compounds of formula M m X n , solvated or non-solvated, in which M is an atom chosen from the atoms of groups 3 to 16 of the periodic table, including lanthanides, m is an integer inclusive between 1 and 10, n is an integer between 1 and 10 and X is an anion chosen from hydroxides, halides, nitrates, carboxylates, halocarboxylates, acetylacetonates, alkoxides, phenolates, substituted or unsubstituted, sulphates, alkyl sulphates, phosphates, alkylphosphates, halosulfonates, alkylsulphonates, perhaloalkylsulphonates, bis (perhaloalkylsulphonyl) amides, arenesulphonates, substituted or unsubstituted by halogen or haloalkyl groups, said anions X being identical or different in the case
• the homogeneous Lewis acids are chosen from compounds of formula M m X n , solvated or non-solvated, in which M is an atom chosen from the atoms of groups 6 to 13 of the periodic table, including lanthanides, m is an integer between 1 and 5, n is an integer between 1 and 5 and X is an anion chosen from halides, sulphates, alkylsulphonates, perhaloalkylsulphonates, substituted or unsubstituted by halogen or haloalkyl groups, said anions X may be identical or different in the case where n is greater than 1.
• homogeneous Lewis acids are selected from BF 3, AlCl 3, Al (OTf) 3, FeCl 3, ZnCl 2, SnCl 2, CRCI 3, this 3 and Erci 3.
• the heterogeneous Lewis acids are chosen from simple or mixed oxides of the compounds chosen from silicon, aluminum, zirconium, titanium, niobium and tungsten, doped or not doped with an element chosen from tin and tungsten. and hafnium and among the phosphates of metals, said metals being selected from niobium, zirconium, tantalum, tin and titanium.
• the heterogeneous Lewis acids are chosen from zirconium oxides, titanium oxides, mixed oxides of aluminum and tin-doped silicon, such as Sn- ⁇ zeolite or Sn-MCM-mesostructured silica. 41, phosphates of tin and titanium.
• the heterogeneous bases are chosen from the basic solids known to those skilled in the art, and preferably chosen from the perovskites of formula AB0 3 in which A is chosen from the elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba, and B is chosen among the elements Fe, Mn, Ti and Zr, the oxides of the elements chosen from lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), alone or as a mixture, said oxides being be doped with at least one element chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earths, alone or as a mixture, zeolites exchanged with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earths, alkaline hydrotalcites, alkaline metallosilicates whether or not containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earths.
• A is chosen from the elements Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba
• B is chosen among the elements Fe, Mn, Ti and Zr
• the heterogeneous bases are chosen from perovskite BaZrO 3 , rare earth oxide CeO 2 , zeolite Na-X, hydrotalcite "Mg-Al” Mg 6 Al 2 (OH) 16 (CO 3 ) 4 H 2 0, the ETS-10 and the titanosilicate sodium-yttrium-silicate AV-1.
• the homogeneous Bronsted acid catalysts are chosen from the families of phosphorus-containing organic compounds, thioureas and sulphonic acids, alone or as a mixture.
• homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst is chosen from the family of phosphorus-containing organic compounds, it corresponds to the general formula:
• X is an OH, SH, SeH or NHR 3 group with R 3 chosen from aryl, arylsulfonyl and trifluoromethanesulfonyl groups,
• Y is an oxygen, sulfur or selenium atom
• Z 7 and Z 2 which are identical or different, are either an oxygen atom or an NR 4 group with R 4 chosen from trifluoromethanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl and 2-naphthalenesulfonyl,
• RT and R 2 are selected from alkyl groups, which may or may not be substituted, linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic and aryl groups, which may or may not be substituted, fused or otherwise.
• X is an OH, SH or NHR 3 group , R 3 having the above definition. More preferably, X is an OH or NHR 3 group , R 3 having the above definition. More preferably, X is an NHR 3 group, R 3 having the above definition.
• R 3 is preferably trifluoromethanesulfonyl.
• Y is sulfur or oxygen. More preferably, Y is oxygen.
• R 4 is advantageously chosen from arylsulfonyl and haloalkylsulfonyl and very preferably from trifluoromethanesulfonyl, p-toluenesulfonyl and 2-naphthenesulphonyl.
• R 1 and R 2 may be independently selected from aryl and alkyl groups.
• R 1 may be chosen from aryl groups and R 2 from alkyl groups.
• said groups R 1 and R 2 are chosen from aryl groups, they are advantageously chosen from aryl groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, fused or otherwise.
• the aryl groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms are chosen from phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and anthryl groups and very preferably, said aryl group is phenyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are chosen from aryl groups and are identical.
• groups R 1 and R 2 are chosen from alkyl groups, they are advantageously chosen from alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the groups cycloalkyls having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and preferably having 5 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the non-cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 6 linear or branched carbon atoms are chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups.
• the cycloalkyl groups having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably having from 5 to 6 carbon atoms are chosen from cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
• R 1 and R 2 groups are substituted, they are, preferably, substituted by at least one group chosen from halogens, -CX 3 groups with X being a halogen and preferably fluorine, the group nitro -NO 2 , the -NHCOCH 3 group, the alkoxy groups, preferably chosen from methoxy and ethoxy groups, alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic, preferably chosen from groups methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl and optionally substituted aryl groups selected from phenyls, biphenyls, naphthyls, anthryls and phenanthryls.
• said groups R 1 and R 2 are substituted by at least one group chosen from trifluoromethyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl and phenyl.
• R 1 and R 2 are interrelated. When R 1 and R 2 are bonded to one another they can be covalently or carbon in common.
• covalently linked is meant the case where a covalent bond links the groups R 1 and R 2 .
• R 1 and R 2 may be phenyls linked together to form a biphenyl (Formula 1) or R 1 and R 2 together form a divalent group, such as an alkylene, a cycloalkylene or an arylene (Formula 2) .
• Formula 1 Common carbon is understood to mean when and R 2 have the same or different structures that share a carbon.
• R 2 may be phenyls linked together by a spiro [4,4] nonane group (Formula 3).
• the homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst is chosen from the family of phosphorus-containing organic compounds, it is chosen from the following catalysts: diphenylphosphate corresponding to the formula named phosphorus 1 and N-triflyl-diphenylphosphoramide corresponding to the formula named Phosphorus 2, Phosphorus 1 and Phosphorus 2 are specific to the text and are intended to simplify the writing of these organic catalysts whose formulas are given below:
• homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst is chosen from the family of thioureas, it corresponds to the general formula
• groups R 5 and R 6 are chosen from aromatic groups comprising a heteroatom or not, linear or branched alkyl groups, cyclic or non-cyclic, and alkyl groups containing at least one heteroatom, linear or branched, cyclic or otherwise cyclic, said groups R 5 and R 6 may be substituted or not and the same or different.
• R 5 and R 6 may be independently selected from group families.
• R 5 may be chosen from aromatic groups and R 6 from cycloalkyl groups.
• R 5 and R 6 may be identical or different.
• said groups R 5 and R 6 are chosen from aromatic groups comprising a heteroatom or not and alkyl, cyclic or non-cyclic groups, said groups R 5 and R 6 may be substituted or unsubstituted and identical or different and preferred, said groups R 5 and R 6 are chosen from aromatic groups which do not comprise heteroatoms.
• said heteroatom is preferably chosen from nitrogen, phosphorus and oxygen.
• said groups R 5 and R 6 are preferably chosen from pyridine, phosphole and furan groups.
• said R 5 and R 6 groups are chosen from aromatic groups containing no heteroatom, they are advantageously chosen from aromatic groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, fused or otherwise.
• the aromatic groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms are chosen from phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl and anthryl groups and very preferably, said group is phenyl.
• R 5 and R 6 groups are chosen from linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic alkyl groups, they are advantageously chosen from alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably having 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
• the non-cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and preferably 1 to 6 linear or branched carbon atoms are chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl groups.
• the cycloalkyl groups having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and preferably having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms are chosen from cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl groups.
• R 5 and R 6 groups are chosen from alkyl groups comprising at least one heteroatom, cyclic or otherwise, said heteroatom is preferably chosen from nitrogen.
• Said groups are therefore advantageously chosen from alkyl and / or cycloalkyl groups which may comprise at least one tertiary amine function.
• they are advantageously chosen from N, N-dimethylethylamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine and aza-bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl.
• R 5 and R 6 groups are substituted, they are, preferably, substituted with at least one group chosen from halogens, the groups -CX 3 with X being a halogen and preferably Fluorine, the group nitro -NO 2 , the -NHCOCH 3 group, the alkoxy groups, preferably chosen from methoxy and ethoxy groups and alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, linear or branched, preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
• said groups R 5 and R 6 are substituted with at least one group chosen from halogens, the groups -CX 3 with X being a halogen and preferably Fluorine and alkoxy groups, preferably the methoxy group.
• Said groups R5 and R6 can advantageously be mono- or disubstituted.
• the homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst is chosen from the family of thioureas, it is chosen from the following catalysts: 1- (3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -3-cyclohexylthiourea corresponding to the general formula called thiourea 1, and 1 - (4-methoxyphenyl) -3-phenylthiourea corresponding to the general formula named thiourea 2.
• the names thiourea 1 and thiourea 2 are specific to the text and are intended to simplify the writing of these organic catalysts of the family thiourea whose formulas are given below:
• homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst is chosen from the family of sulphonic acids, it corresponds to the general formula:
• R 7 is selected from
• linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may or may not be substituted by at least one substituent chosen from:
• Aryl groups comprising from 6 to 14 carbon atoms which may or may not be substituted by at least one substituent chosen from:
• linear or branched, cyclic or non-cyclic alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may or may not be substituted by at least one halogenated group or by at least one nitro group,
• R 7 is a halogen group
• said halogen group is preferably selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• R 7 is a halogen group
• said halogen group is fluorine
• R 7 is a linear alkyl group
• said linear alkyl group comprises from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• R 7 is a linear alkyl group
• said linear alkyl group is chosen from methyl, ethyl and propyl groups.
• R 7 is a linear alkyl group
• said linear alkyl group is methyl and the catalyst of the sulphonic acid family is methanesulphonic acid.
• R 7 is a branched alkyl group
• said branched alkyl group comprises from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 10 carbon atoms and preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• R 7 is a branched alkyl group
• said branched alkyl group is chosen from isopropyl, isobutyl and tertbutyl groups.
• R 7 is a cyclic alkyl group
• said cyclic alkyl group comprises from 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
• R 7 is a cyclic alkyl group
• said cyclic alkyl group is chosen from cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl groups.
• said oxo group may be positioned on a terminal carbon or not. Said oxo group may thus be part of a ketone, aldehyde or carboxylic acid function.
• said oxo group is part of a ketone function or an aldehyde function.
• R 7 is an alkyl group substituted by at least one halogen group
• said halogen group is preferably chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and preferably fluorine.
• R 7 is an alkyl group substituted with at least one halogen group
• R 7 is trifluoromethyl and the catalyst of the sulphonic acid family is trifluoromethanesulphonic acid.
• R 7 is an alkyl group substituted with at least one aryl group
• said aryl group is advantageously chosen from phenyl, tolyl and naphthyl.
• R 7 is an alkyl group substituted by at least one aryl group
• said aryl group is phenyl and R 7 is the benzyl group.
• R 7 is an alkyl group substituted by at least one aryl group
• said alkyl group is advantageously substituted with at least one halogen selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine.
• R 7 is an aryl group
• said aryl group contains from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
• R 7 is an aryl group
• said aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl.
• R 7 is an aryl group substituted by at least one halogen group
• said halogen group is preferably chosen from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and preferably fluorine.
• R 7 is an aryl group substituted by at least one alkyl group
• said alkyl group is advantageously chosen from linear or branched alkyls containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
• R 7 is an aryl group substituted by at least one alkyl group
• said alkyl group is chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl.
• R 7 is an aryl group substituted by at least one alkyl group
• said alkyl group is methyl and the catalyst of the sulphonic acid family is para-toluenesulphonic acid.
• said alkyl group is advantageously substituted by at least one halogen selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably fluorine.
• the process according to the invention is carried out with a combination of a homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst and a homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst in the presence of DMSO.
• said homogeneous Lewis catalyst is preferably aluminum triflate and said acid homogeneous Bronsted is selected from methanesulfonic acid, phosphorus compound 2 and thiourea compound 1.
• the process for transforming the feedstock comprising at least one sugar is carried out in a reaction chamber in the presence of at least one solvent, said solvent being an aprotic polar solvent or a mixture of aprotic polar solvents, at a temperature between 30 ° C and 300 ° C, and at a pressure between 0.1 MPa and 10 MPa.
• solvent being an aprotic polar solvent or a mixture of aprotic polar solvents
• the process is therefore carried out in a reaction vessel comprising at least one aprotic polar solvent and in which said feedstock is placed in the presence of a combination of at least one catalyst chosen from homogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous Lewis acids. and the heterogeneous bases and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst according to the invention.
• the process operates in the presence of at least one solvent, said solvent being an aprotic polar solvent or a mixture of aprotic polar solvents.
• the aprotic polar solvents are advantageously chosen from all aprotic polar solvents whose dipole moment expressed in Debye (D) is greater than or equal to 2.00.
• said solvents are chosen from pyridine (2,37), butan-2-one (5,22), acetone (2,86), acetic anhydride (2,82), / V N, N, N ', N, N, N', N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N', N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N,
• the polar aprotic solvents are advantageously chosen from acetone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, propylene carbonate and ⁇ -valerolactone.
• the polar aprotic solvents are advantageously chosen from N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide and ⁇ -valerolactone.
• said process according to the invention operates at a temperature between 50 ° C and 200 ° C and preferably between 50 ° C and 175 ° C, and at a pressure between 0.1 MPa and 8 MPa and preferred way between 0.1 and 5 MPa.
• the method can be operated according to different embodiments.
• the process can advantageously be implemented batchwise or continuously. It can be carried out in a closed reaction chamber or in a semi-open reactor.
• the catalyst or catalysts chosen from homogeneous Lewis acids, heterogeneous Lewis acids and heterogeneous bases are introduced into the reaction chamber in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio of filler / catalyst (s) of between 1 and 1000. preferably between 1 and 500, preferably between 1 and 200, preferably between 1 and 150.
• the homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst (s) are introduced into the reaction chamber in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio of filler / catalyst (s) of between 1 and 1000, preferably of between 1 and 500, preferably of between 1 and 500. 200, preferably between 1 and 150.
• the filler is introduced into the process in an amount corresponding to a mass ratio solvent / filler of between 0.1 and 200, preferably between 0.3 and 100 and more preferably between 1 and 50.
• the hourly mass velocity (mass flow rate / mass of catalysts) is between 0.01 hr -1 and 5 hr -1 , preferably between 0.02 hr -1 and 2 hr. "1 .
• the product of the reaction of the conversion process according to the invention is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
• reaction medium is analyzed by gas phase chromatography (GC) to determine the content of 5-HMF in the presence of an internal standard and by ion chromatography to determine the conversion of the charge in the presence of an external standard and to quantify unwanted products such as levulinic acid, formic acid and humins.
• GC gas phase chromatography
• the glucose used as a filler is commercial and used without further purification.
• Dimethylsulfoxide noted DMSO in the examples used as aprotic polar solvent, is commercial and used without further purification.
• AMS Aluminum triflate and methanesulfonic acid noted AMS in the examples are commercial and used without further purification.
• Chlorodiphenyl phosphate, trifluoromethanesulfonamide, triethylamine and 2,4-dimethylaminopyridine used for the synthesis of phosphorus compound 2 are commercial and used without further purification.
• the 3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl isothiocyanate and cyclohexylamine used for the synthesis of the thiourea compound 1 are commercial and used without further purification.
• the molar yield of compound is calculated by the ratio between the number of moles of compound obtained and the number of moles of bound limiting reagent.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF is calculated by the ratio between the number of moles of 5-HMF obtained and the number of moles of filler engaged.
• the reaction medium After raising to room temperature, the reaction medium is diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic phase is washed with an aqueous solution of 37% hydrochloric acid. The aqueous phase is reextracted with dichloromethane. After washing the organic phases with a saturated aqueous solution of NaCl, they are combined, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The crude obtained is dissolved in a minimum of dichloromethane and recrystallized cold. The mass of phosphorus compound 2 obtained is 0.75 g. The corresponding molar yield of phosphorus compound 2 is 37% after purification.
• Aluminum triflate AI (OTf) 3 (0.26 g, 0.54 mmol) is added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 1, 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Lewis is 8.
• the weight ratio solvent / filler is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6h is 64%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 36%.
• Methanesulfonic acid (0.018 g, 0.19 mmol) is added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 1, 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Bronsted is 1 1 1.
• the solvent / filler mass ratio is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C. for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6h is 61%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 39%.
• Phosphorus compound 2 (0.072 g, 0.19 mmol) is added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 1, 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Bronsted is 28.
• the mass ratio solvent / filler is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6 hours is 60%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 40%.
• the thiourea compound 1 (0.070 g, 0.19 mmol) is added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 1, 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Bronsted is 29.
• the mass ratio solvent / filler is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6h is 45%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 65%.
• Aluminum triflate Al (OTf) 3 (0.26 g, 0.54 mmol) and methanesulfonic acid (0.018 g, 0.19 mmol) are added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 L). 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio of filler / acid catalyst of Lewis is 8.
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst of Bronsted is 1 1 1.
• the solvent / filler mass ratio is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C. for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6h is 90%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 10%.
• Aluminum triflate Al (OTf) 3 (0.26 g, 0.54 mmol) and phosphorus compound 2 (0.072 g, 0.19 mmol) are added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 L). 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Lewis is 8.
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Bronsted is 28.
• the mass ratio solvent / filler is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling of an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and monitored by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6h is 89%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 11%.
• Aluminum triflate Al (OTf) 3 (0.26 g, 0.54 mmol) and thiourea compound 1 (0.070 g, 0.19 mmol) are added to a solution of glucose (2.0 g, 1 L). 10 mmol) in DMSO (20 g).
• the mass ratio of filler / acid catalyst Lewis is 8.
• the mass ratio filler / acid catalyst Bronsted is 29.
• the mass ratio solvent / filler is 10.
• the reaction medium is then stirred at 120 ° C for 6 h.
• the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF is followed by regular sampling an aliquot of solution which is instantly cooled to 0 ° C, redissolved in water and checked by ion chromatography.
• the molar yield of 5-HMF after 6 hours is 75%.
• the yield of unwanted humines is 25%.
• the reaction kinetics is faster and the 5-HMF yield is higher when using a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids and at least one Bronsted acid catalyst.
• homogeneous composition according to the invention in an aprotic polar solvent compared to the homogeneous Lewis acid catalyst alone and the homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst alone.
• the yield of unwanted products is lower in the case of using a combination of at least one catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids and at least one homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst according to the invention in a solvent.
• aprotic polar compared to the catalyst selected from homogeneous Lewis acids alone and homogeneous Bronsted acid catalyst alone.

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