EP3349937A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen; entsprechendes werkstück - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen; entsprechendes werkstückInfo
- Publication number
- EP3349937A1 EP3349937A1 EP16775624.6A EP16775624A EP3349937A1 EP 3349937 A1 EP3349937 A1 EP 3349937A1 EP 16775624 A EP16775624 A EP 16775624A EP 3349937 A1 EP3349937 A1 EP 3349937A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- surface structure
- substrate
- produced
- generative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/08—Removing material, e.g. by cutting, by hole drilling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the manufacture ⁇ development of a workpiece, such as a cryogen ⁇ continuous workpiece such as a workpiece or component which is used in the hot gas path of a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a workpiece which has been produced by the said method or can be produced.
- Additive or generative manufacturing process for the production of three-dimensional (3D) structures, such as selective laser melting (SLM English for "selective laser melting”) and build-up welding, for example, laser cladding, or LMD for "laser metal deposition" are used, for example, in the manufacture as well as in the repair of H thoroughlygasbeetzten or high-temperature-loaded parts of gas turbines.
- SLM selective laser melting
- LMD laser cladding
- the SLM process allows the generative construction of complex moldings or workpieces with a relatively fine internal structure, for example with finenesses or structure sizes between 80 ym and 100 ym or less.
- the SLM process belongs to the powder bed process, whereby a reduction of the structure sizes or improvement of the surface roughness can be achieved primarily by a reduction of the powder fractions down to a mean powder grain size of about 20-40 ⁇ m. Even smaller ones
- Powder grains are generally no longer eligible and / or applicable.
- An achievable surface roughness of SLM-produced surfaces is approximately between 60 ym and 100 ym.
- the SLM process allows further advise construction or deposition rates of 3-8 cm 3 / h.
- the SLM process allows either the construction of a Structure along only one axis and / or it must be resorted to support structures, which support, for example, overhanging or hollow structures to be manufactured during manufacture and optionally allow for a necessary heat dissipation.
- support structures need unnecessary deposition material and must also be laboriously removed by ⁇ réelle from the actually desired structure or reworked accordingly.
- the generative or additive structure can take place along at least three axes (for example, three mutually perpendicular spatial directions).
- LMD methods can five- alternatively or eight-axle devices are used, for example, where a base or support for the to be established material and a deposition or production head or corresponding ⁇ de powder nozzle or laser device in three mutually perpendicular spatial directions are movable ,
- the pad can additionally be movable about two different axes (rotation and / or tilt axes).
- the LMD method is usually a computer-aided design (CAD) and / or robot-assisted method whereby 3D structures can be constructed or fabricated quasi-isotropically
- CAD computer-aided design
- robot-assisted method whereby 3D structures can be constructed or fabricated quasi-isotropically
- the LMD method allows construction or deposition rates of 30 to 40 cm 3 / h.
- a disadvantage of the LMD method concerns the
- Hardfacing methods are known, for example, from EP 2 756 909 A1.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a workpiece comprising providing a substrate having a predetermined surface structure.
- the workpiece is preferably a high-temperature-resistant component for use in the hot gas path of a flow machine, for example a gas turbine for generating energy.
- the predetermined surface structure is preferably a microscopic surface structure.
- the predetermined surface structure preferably has at least one microscopic surface structure element.
- the top ⁇ surface structure is also predetermined, ie beispielswei ⁇ se set its topography or structure for a specific application with respect.
- the method further includes the generative manufacturing ei ⁇ nes material for the workpiece or component on the Zhao ⁇ voted surface structure, so that the surface structure defines a bottom surface of the workpiece to be produced, wherein the generative manufacturing is carried out by means of build-up welding, and wherein the base surface is a respect to a contour of the workpiece to be produced at least partially ⁇ inner surface of the workpiece.
- the generative manufacturing or additive manufacturing ⁇ be indicated in the present case preferably the primary shaping or additive design of 3D workpieces or components.
- the structure in the preparation preferably is first established or istschie ⁇ is the.
- the substrate is preferably in a form ⁇ critical to the workpiece or component, wherein the structure of the substrate by the inventive method to the
- Base surface of the workpiece to be produced can be transmitted or is mapped to it.
- the base of the workpiece for example, have or form a negative or positive of the predetermined surface structure.
- the surface structure forms the ent ⁇ speaking negative or this represents and the base forms the corresponding positive or this represents.
- the base further comprises an impression of the surface structure of the substrate is defined, this or includes the imprint mentioned.
- the workpiece according to the present disclosure may also have a surface structure (shown).
- the method further comprises, after the generative preparation, the detachment of the substrate, for example by means of an acid treatment or further methods of the prior art.
- the method described may comprise further method steps, for example a temperature treatment after the generative production of the material, wherein in particular a favorable or required for the workpiece crystal structure or material phase is adjusted. It can Crystal defects in the material healed and / or internal stresses in the material are reduced.
- Cladding with the base surface defined by the surface structure are produced.
- Casting components are dispensed with conventional casting technology, which often has to be spent months (for example, six months) development effort in the molding of complex, microscopic internal structures.
- months for example, six months
- the generative production is carried out by means of laser deposition welding, in particular laser powder deposition welding.
- the method for the generative production is advantageously an overlay welding method.
- the exposure time or Expositi ⁇ onszeit, the laser power and / or other parameters corresponding to the desired surface structure of the workpiece are in the generative manufacturing the material for the workpiece, in particular by Laserauf up welding ⁇ , set.
- the grain orientation or grain size of the material to be built up for the workpiece can be set or influenced, whereby, for example, the creep resistance of the material or the crack resistance or ductility can be optimized.
- binding errors for example with regard to cohesion or adhesion of the materials involved, can be prevented by the mentioned embodiment.
- the interior surface may be an inwardly facing surface of the workpiece.
- the base surface is preferably at least partially within or on said contour. In this sense, the contour preferably describes an enveloping surface of the workpiece or component.
- the provision of the substrate takes place such that the surface structure for defining the base area has at least one surface structure element, preferably a multiplicity of surface structure elements, with a dimension of (in each case) less than 100 ⁇ m.
- providing the substrate is performed such that the surface structure to define the base surface at least one structural element before ⁇ preferably a plurality of surface structure elements, less than 80 ym having a dimension of (respectively).
- inventive advantage of the method loading described applies an improved "resolution" of structures or features on the base, or an increased Fer ⁇ actuation accuracy. Further, to dispense with complex support structural ⁇ structures. It is particularly possible microstructures with individual
- the material for the workpiece is a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy or a precursor thereof.
- the material for the workpiece comprises a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy or a starting material therefor.
- the workpiece is a high-temperature-resistant component, for example a component which is used in or in connection with the hot air or hot gas path of a turbomachine, such as a gas turbine.
- High-temperature resistant may in particular mean that the workpiece or component or its material is highly heat-resistant, has a melting point of more than 1000 ° C., preferably 1200 ° C., and / or reaches, for example, use temperatures of 80%, 90% or more of the melting point of the corresponding material ,
- the provision of the substrate takes place in such a way that the substrate comprises a ceramic or a cast component which forms the surface structure.
- the ceramic or the cast component may comprise.
- the component can be manufactured or provided, for example, by precision casting.
- the provision is made such that the surface structure comprises a refractory metal or refractory metal as the main constituent.
- the surface structure preferably by appropriate formation of the substrate, produced by electron beam melting.
- the electron beam melting as a powder bed process in particular - analogous to the SLM process - allows the additive manufacturing of 3D structures, ie not just quasi-two-dimensional layer structures. In the process, even higher temperatures are achieved by the electron beam for melting the material or metal.
- ⁇ sondere also permits the production of the surface structure by means of electron beam melting a relative to a
- the surface structure preferably by appropriate formation of the substrate, is produced by selective laser melting, for example with aluminum or copper as the main constituent.
- the advantages ⁇ ser design are similar to those described in the previous embodiment. It is in particular an improvement of the manufacturing method of the workpiece by avoiding ceramic castings or cores and / or higher geometric resolu ⁇ solution of surface structure elements.
- the generative production is carried out by means of laser powder build-up welding, wherein, during the generative production, a powder focus - a corresponding device - is set between the surface structure and a laser focus.
- This embodiment preferably corresponds to those in which a ceramic component as Substrate is used, and / or wherein the microwavenstruk ⁇ structure forth or provided by selective laser melting.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a workpiece or component, which was prepared according to the methods described herein or can be produced, example, a local workpiece comprising the base surface, wherein the Her ⁇ approval procedure for the workpiece, the generative manufacturing the material for the workpiece to the predetermined surface structure of the substrate, wherein the Oberflä ⁇ chen Schl defines the base area.
- the base area comprises an imprint of the surface structure or a part of the surface structure.
- the base may also be an impression of the predetermined surface structure or a part thereof.
- the workpiece described has characteristics according to the described procedure Her ⁇ position and preferably specific or charak ⁇ teristic.
- the mate ⁇ rial or workpiece with regard to its structural or surface properties by relevant methods of the surfaces or structural analysis of workpieces, which were produced by other methods or can be produced, are distinguished.
- Such methods are, for example, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis and / or X-ray fluorescence analysis.
- TEM transmission electron microscopy
- energy dispersive X-ray analysis energy dispersive X-ray analysis
- / or X-ray fluorescence analysis By means of these methods, in particular the crystal structure of the corresponding material can be investigated and an elemental analysis can be carried out.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the sequence of a method for producing a workpiece.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a workpiece which has been produced by means of the method shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the adjustment of a part of an apparatus for build-up welding according to the method described.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the flow of a method for producing a workpiece or component (see Be ⁇ reference numbers 100 in Figure 2), for example a component for a turbo machine such as a gas turbine.
- the workpiece 100 is preferably a high temperature resistant workpiece used in conjunction with a hot air path of a gas turbine engine.
- the workpiece or component is preferably composed of a nickel- or kobaltba ⁇ overbased superalloy or a corresponding Mate comprises rial.
- the method comprises the provision of a substrate 1, which in FIG. 1 or FIG.
- the substrate 1 comprises a predetermined surface structure 2.
- the predetermined surface structure 2 is preferably a surface structure with surface structure elements 10, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the surface structural elements 10 each have a rectangular cross section.
- the surface structure elements 10 are preferably microcrystalline ⁇ scopically small.
- the surface structure elements have 10, preferably any one or Minim ⁇ least one of a äuße- of the surface structure elements 10 e dimension or dimension in the micrometer range, preferably less than 100 ym, more preferably less than 80 ym or even smaller (see dimension a described below).
- the surface structure 2 is preferably predetermined or fixed for the production of the workpiece. In other words, the topography of the surface structure is fixed.
- the surface structure elements may be different and / or have different dimensions among each other.
- the method further comprises generatively producing a material 5 for the workpiece on the surface structure 2 such that the surface structure 2 defines a base surface 3 of the workpiece to be produced.
- the surface structure 2 is a negative and the bottom surface (not explicitly labeled) forms a corresponding positive 3 or its surface structure.
- the surface structure 2 of the substrate 1 is shaping for the base surface of the workpiece 100.
- the deposited material or the finished workpiece accordingly have the base surface 3.
- the workpiece (see reference numeral 100 in Figure) is not yet finished.
- the material 5 may be synonymous with the workpiece 100.
- the material may in particular be a starting material for the workpiece.
- the method of manufacturing the workpiece may include one or more heat treatments, for example, for adjusting certain phase precipitates. These may in particular be functional phase precipitates or adjustments of the ⁇ or ⁇ ⁇ phases of the particular material of the superalloy to be produced.
- the generative production is preferably carried out by means of
- Cladding for example laser deposition welding (LMD), in particular laser powder build-up welding.
- LMD laser deposition welding
- the aforementioned methods or techniques for build-up welding are preferably carried out by CAD and / or robot-assisted or can be controlled accordingly.
- a corresponding laser applicator ⁇ sweat device is indicated in Figure 1 by the reference numeral 6.
- the material 5 for the production of the workpiece 100 is preferably carried out according to the described method
- Laser powder build-up welding produced or manufactured In the context of the described method for producing the workpiece, this is preferably manufactured according to the material properties which are suitable for the desired (3D) structure. In this case process parameters can be adjusted according to the desired material phase as the laser Leis ⁇ tung, the exposure or exposure time of the laser or other parameters. Furthermore, for example, in hard to reach places or edges of the workpiece to be produced a longer exposure time may be required than at other locations. Also, during a "scan" during material build-up, an apparatus head of the deposition welder may be passed over or with the aid of a feedback loop.
- FIG. 2 shows, inter alia, the finished workpiece or component 100 which is manufactured or producible by means of the described method.
- the workpiece 100 is still integrally connected to the substrate 1.
- the base 3 of the substrate represents or comprises an impression of the surface structure 2.
- the workpiece 100 in FIG. 2 has a contour 4, which encloses or envelopes the workpiece 100 including its surface structure elements.
- the contour 4 is shown by the dashed line in Figure 2 and in connection with the Ma ⁇ material 5 in Figure 1.
- the surface structure elements 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 or at least one of them preferably have a dimension a of less than 100 ⁇ m.
- the dimension preferably relates to a width (compare horizontal direction in Figures 1 and 2) of the respective surface structure elements 10 and not to a corresponding depth or height.
- the width can accordingly designate a direction along the contour.
- At least one of the mentioned surface structure elements 10 or all have an outer dimension or dimension a of less than 80 ⁇ m, or even less.
- the substrate 1 is a ceramic or a cast component or comprises, for example, a ceramic at least on the surface structure 2.
- the substrate 1 can be prepared or provided, for example, by precision casting with the aid of ceramic casting cores.
- the Oberflä ⁇ chentechnik 2 is or is formed by a ceramic casting core.
- the G cardkern consists for example of alumina, for example ⁇ AI 2 O 3 , or silicon dioxide (S1O 2 ) or comprises one of these materials.
- the provisioning can be carried out according to the described method.
- the casting core preferably has a very fine powder grain on the outside, in order to be able to "dissolve” a fine, for example microscopically small, surface structure.
- the material of this substrate can become increasingly porous or porous
- a graded component preferably has a particularly small and technologically desirable surface roughness of only 50 ym or less, for example 30 ym, in the case of the abovementioned grain size or grading Roughness may be average roughness, square roughness or center roughness.
- the substrate comprises at least on or as a surface structure 2 a refractory metal, for example tantalum, zirconium, molybdenum or tungsten or another refractory, for example base, metal of the fourth, fifth or sixth subgroup of the periodic table.
- the surface structure is preferably made by electron beam melting.
- the surface structure 2 is produced by selective laser melting.
- the surface structure 2 of the substrate 1 according to this embodiment, copper or aluminum as the main component.
- the substrate 1 may consist of other materials or comprise these materials.
- the method further summarizes the peeling of the substrate 1 after generative manufacturing.
- the detachment of the substrate can be carried out selectively for all described embodiments by chemical means.
- the workpiece can be chemically peeled off.
- the detachment means of concentrated hydrochloric acid and at temperatures between 50 ° C and 80 ° C ⁇ SUC gene in the case of a substrate with a Alumi ⁇ niumober perennial.
- FIG. 3 shows schematically the adjustment of a part of an apparatus for build-up welding according to an embodiment of the method. This embodiment relates in particular to the generative production means
- Laser deposition welding device 6 indicated. Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the surface structure 2 of the substrate 1, as described above, preferably from a Kera ⁇ mik or by means of selective laser melting of a metal, or comprising this, formed.
- Laser deposition welding device 6 has a powder focus 7. Furthermore, the laser deposition welding device 6 has a laser focus 8.
- the powder focus 7 is / has been set in verti ⁇ Kaler direction, such as along an assembly direction AR of the workpiece 100 between the substrate 1 and a La ⁇ serfokus. 8 This advantageously allows ver ⁇ avoided, be that by the influence of the laser beam, the surface structure, which is preferably formed in accordance with this embodiment, by a ceramic or a non-refractory metal melts, or is burned.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP15189765.9A EP3156164A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2015-10-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen ; entsprechendes werkstück |
PCT/EP2016/072894 WO2017063861A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-09-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen; entsprechendes werkstück |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3349937A1 true EP3349937A1 (de) | 2018-07-25 |
Family
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15189765.9A Withdrawn EP3156164A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2015-10-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen ; entsprechendes werkstück |
EP16775624.6A Withdrawn EP3349937A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2016-09-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen; entsprechendes werkstück |
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EP15189765.9A Withdrawn EP3156164A1 (de) | 2015-10-14 | 2015-10-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines werkstücks durch generatives herstellen ; entsprechendes werkstück |
Country Status (6)
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US (1) | US20190061057A1 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3156164A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2018532051A (de) |
CN (1) | CN108260348A (de) |
CA (1) | CA3001754C (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017063861A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US11529684B2 (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2022-12-20 | Toshiba Mitsubishi-Electric Industrial Systems Corporation | Metal laminating/shaping device |
DE102017208659A1 (de) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verwendung von Pulverschläuchen zum Zuführen von Lotmischungen bei der generativen Herstellung von Bauteilen mittels Laserauftragschweißen |
DE102017115989A1 (de) | 2017-07-17 | 2019-01-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung sowie Substrateinheit-System |
DE102018200287A1 (de) | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Turbomaschineninnengehäuse |
US10427246B2 (en) * | 2018-02-21 | 2019-10-01 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Indirect surface finishing during hybrid manufacturing |
EP3654355A1 (de) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektroblech mit strukturierter oberfläche zur domänenverfeinerung |
US20210180158A1 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-06-17 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Ni-Based Superalloy Powder for Additive Manufacturing and an Article Made Therefrom |
DE102020213292A1 (de) | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-21 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteileverbunds und Bauteileverbund |
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JPS4932174B1 (de) * | 1969-11-27 | 1974-08-28 | ||
JPS60118400A (ja) * | 1983-12-01 | 1985-06-25 | Inoue Japax Res Inc | 熱吸収器もしくは熱交換器用部材の製造方法 |
JPS6368269A (ja) * | 1986-09-06 | 1988-03-28 | Kubota Ltd | 小径肉盛成形管の製造方法 |
JP2001138059A (ja) * | 1999-11-10 | 2001-05-22 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 薄肉部材の製造方法 |
US7211214B2 (en) * | 2000-07-18 | 2007-05-01 | Princeton University | Laser assisted direct imprint lithography |
US20020110766A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2002-08-15 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Process method of using excimer laser for forming micro spherical and non-spherical polymeric structure array |
DE10149934A1 (de) * | 2001-10-10 | 2003-04-17 | Kraft Maschb Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Oberflächen dreidimensionaler Formteile |
JP2006015370A (ja) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Daido Castings:Kk | 溶加材の製造方法 |
DE102007060964A1 (de) * | 2007-12-14 | 2009-06-18 | Sieber Forming Solutions Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von ringförmigen, rotationssymmetrischen Werkstücken aus Metall- und/oder Keramikpulver |
DE102008022225A1 (de) * | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Behandeln einer Oberfläche |
CN101422963A (zh) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-05-06 | 欧客思国际有限公司 | 一种三维工件的制造方法与设备 |
JP5189953B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-22 | 2013-04-24 | パナソニック株式会社 | 三次元形状造形物の製造方法 |
EP2700459B1 (de) * | 2012-08-21 | 2019-10-02 | Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Gegenstandes |
EP2737965A1 (de) * | 2012-12-01 | 2014-06-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer metallischen Komponente mittels Zusatzlaserfertigung |
EP2756909A1 (de) | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Auftragsschweißen von länglichen, gekrümmten Wänden |
TWI548535B (zh) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-09-11 | 三緯國際立體列印科技股份有限公司 | 立體列印方法 |
US20150147479A1 (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | General Electric Company | Methods for the formation of cooling channels, and related articles of manufacture |
EP2893994B1 (de) * | 2014-01-14 | 2020-07-15 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung eines metallischen oder keramischen bauteils durch selektives laserschmelzen |
CN104001915B (zh) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-07-27 | 上海电气(集团)总公司 | 一种高能束增材制造大尺寸金属零部件的设备及其控制方法 |
CN104889392B (zh) * | 2015-04-24 | 2017-01-04 | 清华大学 | 一种纯钨金属的增材制造方法 |
WO2019103460A1 (ko) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극재 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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2015
- 2015-10-14 EP EP15189765.9A patent/EP3156164A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2016
- 2016-09-27 US US15/766,913 patent/US20190061057A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-09-27 JP JP2018519288A patent/JP2018532051A/ja active Pending
- 2016-09-27 CN CN201680059802.7A patent/CN108260348A/zh active Pending
- 2016-09-27 CA CA3001754A patent/CA3001754C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-09-27 EP EP16775624.6A patent/EP3349937A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-09-27 WO PCT/EP2016/072894 patent/WO2017063861A1/de active Application Filing
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CN108260348A (zh) | 2018-07-06 |
WO2017063861A1 (de) | 2017-04-20 |
CA3001754A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
US20190061057A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
EP3156164A1 (de) | 2017-04-19 |
JP2018532051A (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
CA3001754C (en) | 2020-12-01 |
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