EP3323575B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau lignocellulosique acétylé à propriétés autoadhésives - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau lignocellulosique acétylé à propriétés autoadhésives Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3323575B1
EP3323575B1 EP17200593.6A EP17200593A EP3323575B1 EP 3323575 B1 EP3323575 B1 EP 3323575B1 EP 17200593 A EP17200593 A EP 17200593A EP 3323575 B1 EP3323575 B1 EP 3323575B1
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Prior art keywords
wood
acetylation
lignocellulose material
acetylated
process according
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Not-in-force
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EP17200593.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3323575A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Hellmann
Heike Pecher
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/003—Pretreatment of moulding material for reducing formaldehyde gas emission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0278—Processes; Apparatus involving an additional treatment during or after impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/34—Organic impregnating agents
    • B27K3/346—Grafting onto wood fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K2200/00—Wooden materials to be treated
    • B27K2200/10—Articles made of particles or fibres consisting of wood or other lignocellulosic material

Definitions

  • Wood-based materials are materials that are produced by crushing wood and then joining the structural elements together. The size and shape of the shredded wood determine the type of wood-based material and its properties.
  • the structural elements are, for example, lumber (e.g., boards or veneers), wood shavings, wood fibers or wood wool.
  • lumber e.g., boards or veneers
  • wood shavings wood fibers or wood wool.
  • wood fibers or wood wool instead of wood or in addition to wood, other lignocellulosic materials can be used as material materials.
  • Exemplary wood-based materials are solid wood materials, veneer materials, wood chip materials and wood fiber materials.
  • Particle boards in particular are of great commercial importance. Particleboard accounts for more than 50% of total European and German wood-based panel production.
  • Binders usually play a central role in assembling the structural elements.
  • the wood particles are mixed with predominantly synthetic adhesives and pressed under heat.
  • the adhesives are used with up to 12% by weight and are usually based on petrochemical raw materials.
  • 90% of adhesives used contain formaldehyde, whose indoor air limit has been 0.1 ppm since 1977 and since 2016 has been classified by the European Commission as a mutagenic and carcinogenic substance.
  • acetylated wood For the preparation of acetylated wood, the starting material is treated with a suitable acetylating agent such as acetic anhydride. Excess acetic acid can be removed from the acetylated wood by an appropriate post-treatment (for example, with steam) to avoid unnecessary odor nuisance.
  • acetylated lignocellulose material is in EP 0 213 252 A1 .
  • An up-to-date overview of the production and use of acetylated wood is given C. May in Wood Technology, 2010, No. 5, pp. 21-26 ,
  • JP 2007-084769 A describes a process in which ground wood is subjected to treatment with water at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a hemicellulose-liberated material, and then this material is subjected to acetylation.
  • EP 0 746 570 B1 describes a process in which a lignocellulosic material is acetylated in step (a) and this acetylated material is then contacted in step (b) at a temperature above 140 ° C with a heated, under the reaction conditions inert gas, so that the acetic or acetic anhydride content of the acetylated lignocellulose-containing material is reduced by stripping to below 10% by weight.
  • Y. Kurimoto et al., Journal of Wood Science, 59, 2013, pp. 209-215 describe a composite material made of acetylated wood and polypropylene.
  • the acetylated wood is produced by a mechanochemical process.
  • a lignocellulosic material such as wood is already an established process in which OH groups are esterified. It has surprisingly been found within the scope of the present invention that a lignocellulosic material having autoadhesive properties is obtained when the ester groups introduced by the acetylation are partially hydrolyzed again (ie partial saponification of the acetylated lignocellulose material).
  • a preferred lignocellulosic material is wood.
  • other lignocellulosic materials such as e.g. Natural fiber plants, bamboo, annual plants, flax, hemp or sisal are used.
  • the wood to be acetylated may be in the form of solid wood (e.g., boards or rods), veneer (e.g., sheet thin wood materials), or finely divided wood (e.g., chips, fibers, wood chips, strands, chips, pellets, or wood wool).
  • solid wood e.g., boards or rods
  • veneer e.g., sheet thin wood materials
  • finely divided wood e.g., chips, fibers, wood chips, strands, chips, pellets, or wood wool.
  • acetylating agents for the acetylation of lignocellulosic materials are known to those skilled in the art.
  • Suitable process conditions for the acetylation of lignocellulosic materials are known to those skilled in the art.
  • EP 0 213 252 A1 (Acetic anhydride as acetylating agent)
  • EP 0 680 810 A1 (Acetic anhydride as the acetylating agent)
  • DE 102009027635 A1 (Acetylene ketene acetylenic) described.
  • the dry matter is determined by drying at 103 ° C to constant weight.
  • the acetylating agent preferably acetic anhydride
  • the lignocellulosic material may be brought into contact at room temperature or under slight heating (eg a temperature of 15-60 ° C) or also at elevated temperature (eg 60 ° C-200 ° C) become.
  • the lignocellulosic material may first be impregnated with the acetylating agent at a relatively low temperature (e.g., 15-60 ° C), and then the temperature is raised to, for example, 60-200 ° C to carry out the acetylation.
  • a relatively low temperature e.g. 15-60 ° C
  • the temperature is raised to, for example, 60-200 ° C to carry out the acetylation.
  • the acetylation can take place under vacuum, atmospheric pressure or under elevated pressure.
  • the duration of acetylation may vary within a wide range, e.g. 1 hour to 48 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • the acetylation can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst.
  • the acetylation is carried out without a catalyst.
  • the degree of acetylation is in the range of 1% to 25%, more preferably 3% to 15%.
  • the amount of acetylating agent to be used to achieve a certain degree of acetylation can be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
  • acetylated wood After acetylation of the lignocellulosic material, excess acetylating agent and possible undesirable by-products (such as acetic acid using acetic anhydride) may be separated from the acetylated wood. Suitable methods for their separation are known in the art. For example, the acetylated wood may be treated with water or steam prior to the partial saponification step, exposed to a vacuum, and / or thermally treated. Alternatively, it is also possible to subject the acetylated wood after the acetylation without further intermediate treatment of the partial saponification.
  • Saponification in the context of the present invention is understood to mean the cleavage of an ester compound by hydrolysis.
  • the saponification can take place at an acidic pH, an alkaline pH or even at a neutral pH.
  • Partial saponification re-cleaves some of the acetic ester bonds formed in the acetylation step (i.e., the degree of acetylation is reduced by saponification).
  • the partial saponification of the acetylated wood takes place at acidic pH.
  • the acetylated wood is treated with an acid-containing aqueous medium.
  • the acid present in the aqueous medium which acts as a catalyst for the saponification may be, for example, a mineral acid, in particular sulfuric acid.
  • One or more additional acids may also be present in the aqueous solution, for example acetic acid.
  • partial saponification is accomplished by mixing the acetylated lignocellulosic material with concentrated acetic acid (e.g., 30-80% acetic acid (% by weight) containing a mineral acid, e.g. Sulfuric acid, as catalyst contains, is treated.
  • the partial saponification of the acetylated wood can also take place at alkaline or neutral pH.
  • Suitable alkaline media for the alkaline saponification of esters are known in the art.
  • the duration of partial saponification may vary within a wide range, e.g. 1 hour to 48 hours, more preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
  • the partial saponification of the acetylated lignocellulosic material may take place at room temperature or with slight heating (e.g., a temperature of 15-60 ° C) or even at elevated temperature (e.g., 60 ° C-200 ° C).
  • the acetylated lignocellulosic material may first be impregnated with the saponifying agent at a relatively low temperature (eg, 15-60 ° C), and then the temperature is raised to, for example, 60-200 ° C to carry out the partial saponification.
  • a relatively low temperature eg, 15-60 ° C
  • the lignocellulosic material obtained after the partial saponification may optionally be subjected to an aftertreatment.
  • the lignocellulosic material can be treated after the partial saponification, for example, with water or steam.
  • this post-treatment can take place in vacuo and / or at elevated temperature.
  • the lignocellulosic material obtained via the process described above has auto-adhesive properties.
  • a sufficiently high temperature for example in the range of 100 ° C to 210 ° C, optionally supplemented by pressure, the surface of the material behaves autoadhesive (ie has a self-tackiness) and thus allows a joining of structural elements from this material with reduced amount of external adhesive or even without external adhesive.
  • wood when used as the lignocellulosic starting material, it can be used as solid wood (eg boards or rods), wood veneer (eg flat thin wood materials) or as finely divided wood (eg shavings, fibers, wood chips, strands, chips, Pellets or wood wool).
  • solid wood eg boards or rods
  • wood veneer eg flat thin wood materials
  • finely divided wood eg shavings, fibers, wood chips, strands, chips, Pellets or wood wool.
  • This form of wood is preserved during acetylation and subsequent partial saponification.
  • the chemically modified wood produced by the process according to the invention is usually present as solid wood, plywood or finely divided wood.
  • the surface of the chemically modified lignocellulosic material according to the invention has sufficient self-tackiness to be joined to a material (eg fiber material, chip material , in particular chipboard, solid wood material, veneer material, composite material).
  • a material eg fiber material, chip material , in particular chipboard, solid wood material, veneer material, composite material.
  • the material may also comprise other lignocellulosic materials and / or non-wood materials, e.g. Metal, ceramic or plastic included. Wood-plastic composite materials or composites are also referred to as "WPCs".
  • the heating of the chemically modified lignocellulosic material can be carried out in a known manner via an external heat source, a microwave heating or a high-frequency heating.
  • the heating of the chemically modified lignocellulosic material may also be effected by friction, for example a friction between the surface of the chemically modified lignocellulosic material and another material to be combined with the chemically modified lignocellulosic material to form the material.
  • the friction can be achieved, for example, by pressing the surfaces of the materials together and then moving them against each other.
  • the assembly of the chemically modified lignocellulosic material, optionally together with one or more additional materials, e.g. other lignocellulosic materials and / or non-wood materials such as metal, ceramic or plastic, to a material is preferably by compression (i.e., at elevated pressure).
  • spruce chips were subjected to acetylation and then to partial saponification. Due to their self-adhesive properties, these spruce shavings could be processed into a wood material without the use of an external adhesive.
  • the spruce shives were subjected only to acetylation (under the same conditions as in the examples according to the invention), but no partial saponification.
  • the acetylation in IE1, IE2 and CE1 was carried out as follows:
  • the spruce chips were dried. Taking into account the moisture content of wood, the corresponding mass of chips (350 g (atro)) was weighed into a stainless steel mixing bowl and mixed with an appropriate volume of acetic anhydride while stirring. The chips were transferred to a stainless steel bowl. The covered bowl was then placed in a preheated oven. After 4 hours, the chips were removed and washed five times with tap water. The washed chips were dried. Subsequently, the wood moisture and mass increase were determined.
  • the partial saponification of the acetylated samples of Examples IE1 and IE2 was carried out as follows: The previously acetylated spruce chips were dried. Taking into account the moisture content, the corresponding mass of chips (175 g (atro)) was weighed into a stainless steel bowl. Subsequently, according to the experiment, a mixture consisting of acetic acid (60%) and concentrated sulfuric acid (0.005 (v / v)) added to the chips. The mixture was previously heated to 15 ° C below the target temperature (ie saponification reaction temperature). The reaction mixture was covered and placed in the oven preheated to the intended temperature. After 4 hours, the chips were removed, washed five times with tap water and dried. Subsequently, the wood moisture content and the reduction in mass were determined in relation to the mass of the acetylated chips used.
  • Table 1 below summarizes the process conditions.
  • Table 1 Process conditions of examples IE1, IE2 and CE1 example Volume of acetic anhydride [mL] Reaction temperature of acetylation [° C] Volume of 60% acetic acid [L] Reaction temperature of saponification [° C] IE1 350 120 1.75 80 IE2 350 100 2.10 80 CE1 350 100 - -
  • a wood material was prepared as follows: For the production of chipboard (edge length 220 mm, thickness 4-4.3 mm), frames were first made of wood fibers, into which the chips (about 160 g) were then manually interspersed. Then they were placed on a metal plate, covered with paper and another metal plate and pressed in the hydraulic press for 480 s at 200 ° C to test specimens. The frames then remained in the press for 600 seconds so that they cooled to about 100 ° C. Afterwards, they cooled to room temperature outside the press.
  • Table 2 Properties of the wood-based materials example Transverse tensile strength [N / mm2] Bending strength [N / mm2] Bending modulus [N / mm2] Swelling 24 h [%] IE1 0.24 6.1 2150 19 IE2 0.17 4.9 1732 20 CE1 0.03 2.0 681 158
  • spruce shavings according to the invention could also be processed to a wood material with good mechanical properties without the use of an external adhesive.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une matière lignocellulosique modifiée chimiquement, comprenant :
    - l'acétylation d'une matière lignocellulosique avec un agent d'acétylation pour obtenir une matière lignocellulosique acétylée, l'acétylation de la matière lignocellulosique présentant un degré d'acétylation AG dans la plage allant de 1 % à 25 %, et le degré d'acétylation étant déterminé par l'équation suivante : AG = TM 2 − TM 1 / TM 1 × 100 ⁢ %
    Figure imgb0017
     avec
    TM2 : masse sèche de la matière lignocellulosique acétylée,
    TM1 : masse sèche de la matière lignocellulosique avant l'acétylation,
    et
    - la saponification partielle de la matière lignocellulosique acétylée,
    la saponification se rapportant au clivage d'une liaison ester par hydrolyse et, par la saponification partielle, une partie des composés esters de l'acide acétique formés lors de l'étape d'acétylation étant de nouveau clivés,
    la saponification partielle de la matière lignocellulosique acétylée présentant un degré de saponification VG en % qui est déterminé par l'équation suivante : VG = TM 2 − TM 3 / TM 2 × 100 %
    Figure imgb0018
     avec
    TM2 : masse sèche de la matière lignocellulosique acétylée,
    TM3 : masse sèche de la matière lignocellulosique obtenue après la saponification partielle ;
    et le degré de saponification VG et le degré d'acétylation AG satisfaisant la condition suivante : VG / AG ≤ 0,7.
    Figure imgb0019
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la matière lignocellulosique est du bois, une plante à fibres naturelles, le bambou, une plante annuelle, le lin, le chanvre ou le sisal.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le bois est un bois finement divisé, notamment sous la forme de particules de bois, de fibres, de copeaux de bois, de longs copeaux de bois, de plaquettes de bois, de pastilles ou de laine de bois, un bois entier ou un bois de placage.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'agent d'acétylation est l'acide acétique, l'anhydride de l'acide acétique ou un cétène ou un mélange d'au moins deux de ces composés.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la saponification partielle de la matière lignocellulosique acétylée a lieu à un pH acide, alcalin ou neutre.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel la matière lignocellulosique acétylée est traitée avec un milieu aqueux qui contient un acide minéral et éventuellement de l'acide acétique.
  7. Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau lignocellulosique, comprenant :
    - la fabrication d'une matière lignocellulosique modifiée chimiquement par le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
    - le chauffage de la matière lignocellulosique modifiée chimiquement et l'assemblage en un matériau.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le chauffage de la matière lignocellulosique modifiée chimiquement a lieu par une source de chaleur extérieure, un chauffage par micro-ondes, un chauffage par haute fréquence et/ou par frottements.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel le matériau est un matériau aggloméré, notamment un panneau aggloméré, un matériau fibreux, un matériau à base de bois entier, un matériau de placage ou un matériau composite.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel l'assemblage en le matériau a lieu par compression.
EP17200593.6A 2016-11-14 2017-11-08 Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau lignocellulosique acétylé à propriétés autoadhésives Not-in-force EP3323575B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016222292.9A DE102016222292A1 (de) 2016-11-14 2016-11-14 Acetyliertes Lignocellulose-Material mit autoadhäsiven Eigenschaften

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EP3323575A1 EP3323575A1 (fr) 2018-05-23
EP3323575B1 true EP3323575B1 (fr) 2019-05-29

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EP (1) EP3323575B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016222292A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2733705T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107696194A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-02-16 广西博白焕发工艺品有限公司 一种保留竹子天然竹青的竹条加工方法

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB303135A (en) * 1927-12-29 1930-02-03 Ruth Aldo Co Inc Improvements in the esterification of cellulose
ATE60727T1 (de) 1985-08-28 1991-02-15 A Cell Acetyl Cellulosics Verfahren zur verbesserung von dimensionsbestaendigkeit und vom biologischen widerstand von lignocellulosestoff.
GB9403509D0 (en) * 1994-02-24 1994-04-13 Bp Chem Int Ltd Acetylation of lignocellulosic materials
DE69411887T2 (de) 1994-05-04 1999-04-15 Stichting Hout Research Shr Verfahren zur Acetylierung von Holz
AT500342B1 (de) * 2002-11-28 2006-08-15 Ami Agrolinz Melamine Int Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von acetyliertem holz
JP2007084769A (ja) * 2005-09-26 2007-04-05 Nitta Ind Corp バインダレス成形用材料及び成形体
GB0901910D0 (en) * 2009-02-06 2009-03-11 Kurawood Plc Chemical modification of lignocellulosic material
DE102009027635A1 (de) 2009-07-10 2011-01-13 Wacker Chemie Ag Verfahren zur Acetylierung von Lignocellulosen, Hemicellulosen, Cellulosen mit Keten

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Title
None *

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DE102016222292A1 (de) 2018-05-17
ES2733705T3 (es) 2019-12-02

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