EP3318339B1 - Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3318339B1
EP3318339B1 EP16197186.6A EP16197186A EP3318339B1 EP 3318339 B1 EP3318339 B1 EP 3318339B1 EP 16197186 A EP16197186 A EP 16197186A EP 3318339 B1 EP3318339 B1 EP 3318339B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fractions
fraction
conveyor belt
aluminum scrap
neutron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16197186.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3318339A1 (fr
Inventor
John Paul Hermann KETTLER
Andreas Wilhelm HAVENITH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMAG casting GmbH
Original Assignee
AMAG casting GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AMAG casting GmbH filed Critical AMAG casting GmbH
Priority to EP16197186.6A priority Critical patent/EP3318339B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2017/078245 priority patent/WO2018083273A1/fr
Priority to JP2019515233A priority patent/JP7055130B2/ja
Priority to US16/347,542 priority patent/US11358179B2/en
Publication of EP3318339A1 publication Critical patent/EP3318339A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3318339B1 publication Critical patent/EP3318339B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/346—Sorting according to other particular properties according to radioactive properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B07C5/3427—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain by changing or intensifying the optical properties prior to scanning, e.g. by inducing fluorescence under UV or x-radiation, subjecting the material to a chemical reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/0036—Sorting out metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/38—Collecting or arranging articles in groups

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for sorting, in particular crushed, aluminum scrap according to alloy groups.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a device and a method for sorting aluminum scrap, which is distinguished by high mass throughput and high reliability when sorting aluminum scrap into alloy groups.
  • the aluminum scrap is divided into fractions in a first process step in the inventive method for sorting, in particular comminuted, aluminum scrap according to alloy groups, then a reliable separation of the aluminum scrap can be achieved and it can also be ensured that the alloy group is determined exclusively on a single fraction , Mutual influences through superimposition of the energy spectra, as can be expected when measuring several fractions at the same time, can thus be prevented in a stable manner.
  • the fractions of the aluminum scrap are subsequently irradiated with at least one neutron source, the gamma radiation emitted by the individual fraction through this neutron irradiation is recorded by at least one detector and an energy spectrum associated with the respective fraction is formed, the chemical composition of the individual fractions can be determined can be determined easily and with high precision.
  • this fraction can be allocated to the corresponding alloy group using this relative ratio - and without any particular effort, but nevertheless reliably. Subsequently, these fractions can be sorted according to the alloy groups assigned to them. The latter among other things because no complex process calibrations, as are known from the prior art, are required.
  • alloy groups is understood to be a division of aluminum alloys into groups according to EN 573-3 / 4 for wrought aluminum alloys or cast aluminum alloys according to DIN EN 1706.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for sorting the aluminum scrap fractions into 3xxx, 4xxx, 5xxx etc. alloy groups.
  • a fraction is understood to mean several or individual aluminum scrap particles.
  • a fraction can also be understood to mean a predefined subset of the aluminum scrap powder or granulate become.
  • NAA neutral activation analysis
  • PGNAA prompt gammaneutron activation analysis
  • scrap parts can be grouped or separated into fractions in a process-technically simple manner.
  • the chambers can each have a predefined volume and / or serve to hold fractions with the same or different grain size.
  • the reproducibility of the method can be further improved if the conveyor system has an endless conveyor belt, the neutron source provided between the load and empty run of the conveyor belt irradiates the fractions of the aluminum scrap through the conveyor belt and the gamma radiation emitted by the fractions through this neutron irradiation from above Load strand of the conveyor belt provided detector is added. Due to this arrangement of neutron source and detector according to the invention, the influence of the conveyor system on the sensitivity of the detectors can be kept very low. It is also possible in this way to achieve a particularly high mass throughput, since a more variable handling of aluminum scrap is permitted.
  • the handling can be further improved if the aluminum scrap is provided in separate chambers of the conveyor belt of the conveyor system, in particular of the conveyor belt.
  • the accuracy and reliability of the method can be further increased.
  • the neutrons can be thermalized by the moderator - that is, their kinetic energy can be reduced to below 100 meV - whereby the cross section of the neutrons with the atomic nuclei of the material of the fraction to be examined can be increased significantly.
  • the accuracy of the method can therefore be improved since the increased cross section results in a greater yield of neutron activation products.
  • the moderator as a neutron lens, the neutron field emanating from the neutron source and the direction of the radiation can also be adjusted during the thermalization of the neutrons, whereby a neutron field that is uniform over the entire examination area can be achieved. This, in turn, is conducive to the reliability of the sorting process.
  • the mass throughput in the process can be further increased if several fractions are irradiated with a neutron source at the same time.
  • a neutron source for example, to subject fractions arranged side by side and / or one behind the other simultaneously to a measurement - the reproducibility of the method can be further increased on the basis of the comparability of the measurement of several simultaneously irradiated fractions.
  • the mass throughput of the method can be increased further.
  • detectors are provided next to one another and / or one behind the other and each assigned to a fraction for measuring the gamma radiation emitted by this fraction, it can be made possible to subject several aluminum scrap fractions to a measurement simultaneously, with a mutual influence on the emitted gamma radiation of an individual fraction being reduced.
  • the mass throughput of the process can thus be significantly increased while the process accuracy is still high.
  • these detectors are laterally shielded from one another, it can be ensured that the emitted gamma radiation only hits the detector assigned to the respective fraction, in particular when measuring several fractions simultaneously. A falsification of the measurement due to a superposition of the gamma radiation to be detected from several fractions can therefore be avoided.
  • lead shielding can prevent the gamma radiation not emitted by the sample from reaching the detectors (for example, by neutron activation of other materials in the system).
  • lead shielding represents a simple embodiment variant. A more reliable, reproducible method can thus be created.
  • a structurally simple and high-precision device for sorting, in particular crushed, aluminum scrap according to alloy groups with a high mass throughput can be achieved with a conveyor system for conveying fractions of the aluminum scrap, with a measuring device, which measuring device has at least one neutron source for irradiating the fractions conveyed by the conveyor system, at least one detector for recording the gamma radiation emitted by the fractions through this neutron irradiation and a computing unit for allocating the fractions to an alloy group depending on their respective relative ratio of the weight proportions of at least two of their alloy elements, which relative ratio is determined by the computing unit from the energy spectrum of the gamma radiation detected by the respective fraction, and with a sorting system which sorts the fractions conveyed by the conveyor system according to the alloy group allocated to them by the measuring device.
  • a comparatively high mass throughput and high selectivity can be achieved by the device according to the invention if the neutron source is provided between the load and empty run of the conveyor belt of the conveyor system.
  • the neutron source or lenses etc. can thus be provided comparatively close to the conveyor belt without having to fear contact with the conveyor system or the aluminum scrap conveyed by it.
  • a safe irradiation of the fractions can be expected, which can promote the reliability of the device in sorting the aluminum scrap according to alloy groups.
  • the conveyor system of the conveyor system can be used to divide the aluminum scrap if it has separate chambers.
  • the volume of the fraction can also be limited in a structurally simple manner, which can benefit the selectivity of the method and the sorting quality of the device.
  • the conveyor belt can have a plurality of chambers arranged in rows next to one another and columns one behind the other in order to increase the mass throughput of the device.
  • the selectivity provided by the device and thus its sorting quality can be further improved if a lens designed as a moderator is provided between the neutron source and the fraction.
  • FIG. 1 and Fig. 2 A method 1 for sorting crushed or shredded aluminum scrap 2 is shown, in which the aluminum scrap 2 is crushed and / or sieved and / or sieved and / or homogenized with a device 3, for example, or subsequently divided into fractions 4 and / or is isolated. These fractions 4 are finally sorted by a sorting system 5 according to alloy groups 6.1 (for example: wrought aluminum alloy of alloy group 6xxx), 6.2 (wrought aluminum alloy of alloy group 7xxx), 6.3 (cast aluminum alloy of alloy group 3xx-AlSiCu).
  • alloy groups 6.1 for example: wrought aluminum alloy of alloy group 6xxx
  • 6.2 wrought aluminum alloy of alloy group 7xxx
  • 6.3 cast aluminum alloy of alloy group 3xx-AlSiCu
  • the aluminum scrap 2 is filled into chambers 14 which are separated from one another and thus divided into individual fractions 4.
  • a fraction 4 can consist of a single or several aluminum scrap parts or also aluminum scrap granules or powders of the aluminum scrap 2.
  • the conveyor system 15 can only represent a conveyor belt 115 which separates the fractions 4 from the separating device 3 transported by the PGNAA measuring system 7 to the sorting system 5.
  • the delimited chambers 14 are formed by drivers 15.1 and longitudinal webs 15.2 of an endless conveyor belt 15.3 of a conveyor system 15.
  • the fractions 4 of the aluminum scrap 2 are fed to a PGNAA measuring device 7, which is data-connected to the sorting system 5.
  • the fractions 4 are irradiated with neutron radiation 8 from a neutron source 9 and the gamma radiation 10 emitted by the individual fractions 4 due to the activation of their atomic nuclei in this way is recorded by a detector 11. There are therefore data on the gamma rays 10 of the individual fractions 4.
  • the measurement data of the detector 11 are fed to a computing unit 12 of the measuring device 7.
  • the energy spectra associated with each of the fractions 4 can be formed.
  • a relative ratio of the weight fractions of at least two alloying elements of this fraction 4 is determined on the basis of the energy spectrum of the respective fraction.
  • the fractions 4 are individually assigned to an alloy group 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 on the basis of the relative ratios of the weight proportions of alloy elements by the computing unit 12.
  • the PGNAA measuring device 7 controls the sorting system 5 or is in data connection with the sorting system 5 such that a fraction 4 is sorted out into a respective container 13 according to the alloy group 6.1 or 6.2 or 6.3 corresponding to it.
  • Such a conveyor system 15 can enable a particularly high mass throughput in the process but can also be used to separate the aluminum scrap 2 into fractions 4.
  • the neutron source 9 is provided, which thus irradiates the fractions 4 of the aluminum scrap 2 through the load strand 15.4 of the conveyor belt 15.3.
  • the gamma radiation 10 emitted by the fractions 4 is recorded by the detector 11 provided above the load strand of the conveyor belt 15.3.
  • This type of arrangement of the neutron source 9 and the detector 11 creates a compact device and also enables the conveyor system 15 to have a slight interference effect on the measurement, especially since the empty strand 15.5 of the conveyor belt 15.3 has no influence on the irradiation of the fractions 4.
  • the method according to the invention therefore not only has a high mass throughput but also a high selectivity.
  • the neutron radiation 8 is guided from the neutron source 9 via a lens 16 before the neutron radiation 8 strikes the fractions 4.
  • the divergent neutron radiation 8 emerging from the neutron source 9 is homogenized and homogenized, so that it can be ensured that the neutron radiation 8 arriving at the fractions 4 is comparable in each chamber 14.
  • the lens 16 is designed as a moderator 17, as a result of which the neutrons of the neutron radiation 8 are thermalized, that is to say slowed down to kinetic energies below approximately 100 meV.
  • the cross section of the neutron radiation 8 with the atomic nuclei of the fractions 4 can thus be greatly increased, from which the measuring accuracy of the method benefits.
  • a plurality of detectors 11 are provided next to one another in the PGNAA measuring system in order to measure the gamma radiation 10 emitted by the fractions 4.
  • Fig. 1 16 detectors 11, in particular, are distributed over four rows 19 and four columns 20, correspondingly to those arranged in this way Chambers 14 of the conveyor belt 15.3. A high degree of parallelism for a high mass throughput can thus be achieved.
  • shields 18 are provided on the detectors 11.
  • the fact that these are shielded from one another on the side can advantageously ensure that only the gamma radiation 10 emitted by the fraction 4 assigned to the detector 11 strikes the respective detector 11.
  • the emitted gamma radiation 10 from a foreign fraction 4 could otherwise otherwise overlap with the gamma radiation 10 to be measured and thus falsify the energy spectrum.
  • a lead shield 18 has proven itself to form a reliable shield.

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé pour trier des déchets d'aluminium (2), en particulier broyés, selon des groupes d'alliages (6.1, 6.2, 6.3), dans lequel procédé
    les déchets d'aluminium (2) sont divisés en fractions (4),
    des fractions (4) des déchets d'aluminium (2) sont irradiées par au moins une source de neutrons (9),
    le rayonnement gamma (10) émis par la fraction individuelle (4) sous l'action de cette irradiation neutronique est capté chaque fois par au moins un détecteur (11) et
    un spectre d'énergie associé à la fraction (4) respective est formé à partir de cela, sur la base duquel un rapport relatif des fractions pondérales d'au moins deux éléments d'alliage de cette fraction (4) est déterminé et cette fraction (4) est attribuée sur la base de ce rapport relatif au groupe d'alliages (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) lui correspondant, et ensuite
    les fractions (4) sont triées selon les groupes d'alliages qui leur sont attribués (6.1, 6.2, 6.3).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les déchets d'aluminium (2) sont prévus dans des chambres (14) délimitées les unes par rapport aux autres et ainsi divisés en fractions (4).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les fractions (4) sont amenées à la source de neutrons (9) par un système de transport (15) pour y être irradiées.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le système de transport (15) présente une courroie de transport sans fin (15.3) et en ce que la source de neutrons (9) prévue entre le brin tendu et le brin mou (15.4, 15.5) de la courroie de transport (15.3) irradie les fractions (4) des déchets d'aluminium (2) à travers la courroie de transport (15.3) et le rayonnement gamma (10) émis par les fractions (4) sous l'action de cette irradiation neutronique est capté par le détecteur (11) prévu au-dessus du brin tendu (15.4) de la courroie de transport (15.3).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les déchets d'aluminium (2) sont prévus dans des chambres (14) délimitées les unes par rapport aux autres de la courroie de transport (15.3) du système de transport (15), en particulier de la bande transporteuse (115).
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'irradiation neutronique est guidée à travers une lentille (16) conçue comme modérateur (17) avant d'atteindre la fraction (4).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs fractions (4) sont irradiées simultanément avec la source de neutrons (9).
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs détecteurs (11) pour mesurer le rayonnement gamma (10) émis par les fractions (4) sont prévus les uns à côté des autres et/ou les uns derrière les autres.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les détecteurs (11) qui sont prévus les uns à côté des autres et/ou les uns derrière les autres et qui sont associés chacun à une fraction (4) pour mesurer le rayonnement gamma (10) émis par celle-ci sont protégés latéralement les uns des autres, en particulier par un écran en plomb (18).
  10. Dispositif pour trier des déchets d'aluminium (2), en particulier broyés, selon des groupes d'alliages (6.1, 6.2, 6.3),
    avec un système de transport (15) pour transporter des fractions (4) des déchets d'aluminium (2),
    avec un dispositif de mesure (7), lequel dispositif de mesure (7) présente au moins une source de neutrons (9) pour irradier les fractions (4) transportées par le système de transport (15), au moins un détecteur (11) pour capter le rayonnement gamma (10) émis par les fractions (4) sous l'action de cette irradiation neutronique et une unité de calcul (12) pour attribuer les fractions (4) à un groupe alliages (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) en fonction de leur rapport relatif respectif des fractions pondérales d'au moins deux de leurs éléments d'alliage, lequel rapport relatif est déterminé par l'unité de calcul (12) à partir du spectre d'énergie du rayonnement gamma (10) détecté de la fraction respective (4)
    et avec une installation de tri (5) qui trie les fractions (4) transportées par le système de transport (15) selon le groupe d'alliages (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) qui leur est attribué par le dispositif de mesure (7).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la source de neutrons (9) est prévue entre les brins tendu et mou (15.4, 15.5) de la courroie de transport (15.3) du système de transport (15).
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que la courroie de transport (15.3) du système de transport (15) présente des chambres (14) délimitées les unes par rapport aux autres pour diviser et transporter des fractions (4).
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la courroie de transport (15.3) présente plusieurs chambres (14) disposées en lignes (19) les unes à côté des autres et en colonnes (20) les unes derrière les autres.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'une lentille (16) conçue comme modérateur (17) est prévue entre la source de neutrons (9) et la fraction (4).
EP16197186.6A 2016-11-03 2016-11-03 Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium Active EP3318339B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16197186.6A EP3318339B1 (fr) 2016-11-03 2016-11-03 Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium
PCT/EP2017/078245 WO2018083273A1 (fr) 2016-11-03 2017-11-03 Dispositif et procédé de tri
JP2019515233A JP7055130B2 (ja) 2016-11-03 2017-11-03 仕分けのための装置及び方法
US16/347,542 US11358179B2 (en) 2016-11-03 2017-11-03 Apparatus and method for sorting

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16197186.6A EP3318339B1 (fr) 2016-11-03 2016-11-03 Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3318339A1 EP3318339A1 (fr) 2018-05-09
EP3318339B1 true EP3318339B1 (fr) 2020-01-29

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EP16197186.6A Active EP3318339B1 (fr) 2016-11-03 2016-11-03 Dispositif et procédé de tri de grenaille d'aluminium

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US (1) US11358179B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3318339B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7055130B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018083273A1 (fr)

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US11904362B2 (en) 2019-11-21 2024-02-20 Hydro Aluminium Recycling Deutschland Gmbh Method and device for analysing and/or sorting scrap metal
JP7425390B2 (ja) 2021-06-04 2024-01-31 日本製鉄株式会社 破砕システム及びシュレッダー屑製造方法

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Publication number Publication date
JP2019535491A (ja) 2019-12-12
JP7055130B2 (ja) 2022-04-15
US11358179B2 (en) 2022-06-14
WO2018083273A1 (fr) 2018-05-11
US20210001376A1 (en) 2021-01-07
EP3318339A1 (fr) 2018-05-09

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