Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
  • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
  • H05B3/347—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles woven fabrics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
  • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
  • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
  • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
  • H05B2203/015—Heater wherein the heating element is interwoven with the textile
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
  • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

• the invention relates to a planar heating element comprising a fabric which is provided with a coating containing carbon nanotubes.
• Carbon nanotubes are already known to serve as a source of heat.
• CNT-based heating elements with a separate planar support, which carries carbon nanotubes and a plurality of contacts, wherein the carbon nanotubes are excitable by applying an electrical voltage to the contacts for infrared emission, are out DE 10 200 008 967 B4 .
• DE 20 2006 007 228 U1 .
• DE 20 2008 007 815 U1 .
• the object of the present invention is to provide a flexible and effective planar heating element available.
• This flat heating element has the advantage that it - if it is used as a turf heating - can be installed much closer below the surface and therefore does not have to be set so hot that the snow or ice melts on the lawn. As a result, the turf roots do not die off so easily and the turf stays longer despite the lawn heating.
• Another advantage is that the temperature can be distributed substantially more homogeneously over a surface, as is the case, for example, in previous lawn heaters.
• the heating element comprises at least one heat-insulating layer spaced 0.1 to 5 mm from the tissue.
• This heat-insulating layer is preferably arranged only on one side of the fabric.
• a heat-reflecting film may preferably be applied to the heat-insulating layer, in particular laminated.
• the heating element according to the invention radiates the heat generated as completely as possible in one direction only.
• the heat-insulating layer is preferably not applied directly to the fabric, but is just spaced.
• the heating element according to the invention can be operated so safely and even with electrical voltage spikes in the heating element there is no risk of overheating and possibly inflammation of the materials used.
• Another advantage of the spacing is that the insulating material is usually a material that can soak up moisture such as water and electrical contact can be avoided by the spacing.
• the heat-insulating layer has a density in a range of 15 to 200 kg / m 3 .
• the heat-insulating layer preferably comprises a foam.
• the heat-insulating layer consists of a thermoplastic.
• the heat-insulating layer consists of a foam made of polyolefin, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene.
• the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 3 to 50 mm.
• the thermal conductivity (+ 30 ° C) of the heat-insulating layer is preferably in a range of 0.01 to 0.06 W / mK. This can be measured according to the standard MSZ EN 12667: 2001 E.
• the warp threads and / or weft threads whose thread material is electrically conductive preferably consist of strands, particularly preferably copper strands.
• the warp threads and / or weft threads are electrically conductive.
• the strands preferably have 25 to 200 strands, particularly preferably 50 to 150 strands.
• a strand of up to 20 wires is used for a similar though not comparable use.
• such a small number of wires had the disadvantage that the electrical connections could not be made so reliably automated.
• one skilled in the art would have chosen a smaller number of wires, as it could save weight, cost, and material, and wires with fewer wires were common in similar applications.
• a higher than usual number of wires has significantly improved the safety and reliability of the heating element according to the invention.
• the strands are integrated into an electrical circuit via a crimp connection, more preferably via a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection.
• the strands have been soldered in similar applications. This had the disadvantage that the solder joint was often defective, since the carbon nanotubes have efficiently removed the heat and in the past either the heating element was damaged by too high heat during soldering or the solder joint was not conductive.
• a mandrel crimp connection or an F crimp connection produces a more reliable heating element compared to the prior art.
• the compounds are preferably made of copper.
• the coating material contains at least 10 wt%, more preferably at least 50 wt%, most preferably at least 90 wt%, most preferably 100 wt% carbon nanotubes.
• the carbon nanotubes are preferably anisotropically arranged in the coating material.
• the coating with the coating material preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the carbon nanotubes particularly preferably have an average length (median) of 1 to 200 ⁇ m. More preferably, the carbon nanotubes have an average diameter (median) of 5 to 20 nm.
• At least 90%, most preferably 100%, of the surface of the thread material is coated with a coating material containing carbon nanotubes.
• the thread material may also be coated on one side only. This would have advantages for applications such as turf heating or wall installation, since then the heat is predominantly emitted in one direction only.
• individual warp threads and / or weft threads of electrically conductive thread material are not on both sides of the respective thread of warp threads and / or weft threads of non-electrically conductive thread material surround.
• warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material are always arranged in groups of 3 to 10 adjacent warp threads and / or weft threads made of electrically conductive thread material.
• the warp threads and / or weft threads preferably have a diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
• the warp threads and / or weft threads are preferably spaced apart from one another by 2 to 50 mm, in particular 3 to 10 mm.
• the fabric is cast in a synthetic resin.
• the basis weight of the synthetic resin is preferably in a range of 150% to 3,000%, more preferably in a range of 300 to 1,000% of the basis weight of the fabric.
• the fabric can be spaced from the heat-insulating layer.
• this can be effected by the electrical insulation of the tissue.
• the molded in synthetic resin tissue is preferably flexible.
• the synthetic resin may have holes, which in turn are preferably arranged centrally in the mesh of the fabric. This allows the fabric to be water permeable, which is important in applications such as turf heating.
• An insulating layer may preferably be additionally arranged around the coating material.
• This insulating layer preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.1 to 4 mm.
• This insulating layer preferably contains an elastomer and most preferably a butadiene-styrene copolymer. This has the advantage that the warp and weft threads are then fixed relative to each other but flexible.
• the heating element according to the invention preferably has a covering surrounding the fabric and optionally the heat-insulating layer.
• This envelope is preferably spaced from the fabric by at least 0.2 mm, in particular at least 1 mm.
• the sheath preferably has a carrier fabric.
• This carrier fabric is preferably a polyester fabric.
• the yarn count of the Carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 900 to 1500 dtex and can be measured according to DIN EN ISO 2060.
• the basis weight of the carrier fabric is preferably in a range of 100 to 200 g / m 2 .
• the wrapper preferably contains a thermoplastic material other than polyester. This material is preferably PVC.
• the weight per unit area of the cover is preferably in a range of 300 to 600 g / m 2 .
• the sheath preferably has a thickness in a range of 0.5 to 2 mm.
• the heating element can be switched on and off, for example, via a temperature sensor at the set target temperature and / or via a self-learning control.
• the heating element according to the invention may be a lawn heating or used as such.
• warp threads and / or weft threads are then spaced from each other 4 to 80 mm, in particular 10 to 50 mm apart.
• the electrically conductive threads are the warp threads.
• These electrically conductive warp threads can preferably be objected to at least 1 m.
• the heating element according to the invention can be a space heating and / or external heating or used as such.
• the fabric consisted of glass fiber threads with a mesh size of 7 x 5 mm and a width of 2.00 m as endless rolls.
• the fabric had on each of fifty successive weft threads of glass fiber filaments 7 copper filaments of copper strand with 72 cores instead of the glass fiber filaments. All threads each had a diameter of 0.5 mm. From the roll goods a piece with a length of 1.40 m was cut off.
• the finishing of the textile was completed by applying twice a water-repellent and electrically insulating protective layer of butadiene-styrene copolymer.
• the copper filaments were each electrically connected with a mandrel crimp connection.
• the fabric was then double-coated with commercially available PVC plastic so that the fabric had a 1 mm thick layer of this plastic on both sides.
• this composite was provided on one side over its entire surface with a heat-insulating layer.
• the cast-in tissue was laminated with 10 mm thick Polifoam® FR C 3309 DN1 F11 from Trocellen.
• This composite was placed in a cover made of tent fabric (HyTex® piping H5533).
• the heating element was serially connected to the power.
• the heating power of the heating element was regulated via the connection voltage.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Resistance Heating (AREA)
• Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2014
  • 2014-04-11 DE DE102014105215.3A patent/DE102014105215A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2015
  • 2015-04-08 DK DK15162778.3T patent/DK2931004T3/en active
  • 2015-04-08 EP EP15162778.3A patent/EP2931004B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
  • 2015-04-08 EP EP17201363.3A patent/EP3302001A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-04-08 HU HUE15162778A patent/HUE039541T2/hu unknown
  • 2015-04-08 PT PT15162778T patent/PT2931004T/pt unknown
  • 2015-04-08 ES ES15162778.3T patent/ES2684096T3/es active Active
  • 2015-04-08 PL PL15162778T patent/PL2931004T3/pl unknown
  • 2015-04-13 US US14/685,472 patent/US9756685B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2015-04-13 CA CA2888001A patent/CA2888001A1/fr not_active Abandoned

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