EP3301359B1 - Four de crémation à chauffage et à combustion améliorés et procédé - Google Patents

Four de crémation à chauffage et à combustion améliorés et procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3301359B1
EP3301359B1 EP17405017.9A EP17405017A EP3301359B1 EP 3301359 B1 EP3301359 B1 EP 3301359B1 EP 17405017 A EP17405017 A EP 17405017A EP 3301359 B1 EP3301359 B1 EP 3301359B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fan
gas
section
air
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17405017.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3301359A3 (fr
EP3301359A2 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Schütz
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Buerge-Fischer AG
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Buerge-Fischer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G1/00—Furnaces for cremation of human or animal carcasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/101—Combustion in two or more stages with controlled oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/102—Combustion in two or more stages with supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/30—Oxidant supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/40—Supplementary heat supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/508—Providing additional energy for combustion, e.g. by using supplementary heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to devices and methods for cremating organic bodies, in particular to cremation ovens such as those used for cremating corpses.
  • Cremation ovens with electric or gas-powered heating are known from the prior art. It is common practice to preheat such cremation ovens prior to the actual cremation.
  • a furnace is known with a main combustion chamber formed in the furnace vault and a post-combustion chamber, the electrical heating elements being arranged in heating channels provided for this purpose in the supporting structure of the furnace vault.
  • a device for cremation with a cremation chamber in which the cremation chamber is heated from the outside with the help of an electrically or natural gas operated heating device and where oxygen in high concentration is fed separately into the cremation chamber and afterburning as fresh gas.
  • the cremation chamber is preheated before loading.
  • an electrical resistance heater inserted into the fireclay outside the cremation chamber can only heat the interior of the post-combustion ducts up to approx. 700 ° C due to the temperature drop in the fireclay without the heating units aging excessively.
  • an ignition temperature of 700 ° C must first be restored using electrical heating energy alone.
  • Another disadvantage here is that a surface temperature of the fireclay lining of the process chamber, in particular on the inner surface of the afterburning channels, of ideally over 800 ° C. cannot be achieved. In order to be able to reach this surface temperature, the heating elements would have to be located directly in the process chamber and would be directly touched by the fire during the process, which would greatly reduce the service life.
  • helical heating rods are inserted into elongated holes in the fireclay or into special shaped bricks. Defects in the heating coil can occur during operation. In the event of breakage or decay, arcs occur, the high temperature of which can lead to the heating coil sticking to the firebrick lining and no longer being exchangeable. If several heating elements have failed and can no longer be exchanged, the furnace or part of it usually has to be demolished and expensive to rebuild or brick up.
  • an incineration plant is known in which burners are installed for heating a muffle and for afterburning the exhaust gases.
  • a recuperator is provided for cooling the exhaust gas and preheating the combustion air.
  • the EP 0890 788 A1 shows the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a crematorium furnace is known in which, in order to generate the desired temperatures for the combustion in the main combustion chamber, recuperatively heated combustion air is fed into heated combustion channels by means of a fan and from there via distribution channels and slot nozzles under pressure into the combustion zones.
  • Another disadvantage is the increased heat loss during the heating phase, which often takes a long time, since the hottest point is inside the heat-storing lining and not on its surface on the process chamber side.
  • it is also undesirable for heating elements inserted in the lining to heat up due to the process heat and thereby reach temperatures which have a negative effect on the service life. Heating elements are wearing parts. Replacing defective heating elements requires the furnace to cool down, which in turn results in an interruption of operations for several days.
  • Heating elements can be exposed due to the progressive erosion of the inner wall of the furnace. Then there is an increased risk of electric shock for the operating personnel.
  • the relatively high electrical conductivity of the fireclay does not allow personal protection by means of residual current circuit breakers.
  • expensive shaped bricks in a fire-proof design are required.
  • the gas-heated cremation ovens known from the prior art have high heat losses through the continuously discharged heating exhaust gases or the safety-related forced ventilation and these cannot be heated up or kept ready as a closed system. For this reason, the economical operation of gas-fired ovens requires continuous heating with high performance in a short time.
  • systems that can be heated as a closed system allow discontinuous heating with variable and also with comparatively low powers, which can be adapted to the currently available range of services of the network operator and / or from self-sufficient sources such as hydropower stations, wind generators or photovoltaics.
  • Corresponding cremation systems with priority switching can be found in the utility model DE 20 2015 105 885 U1 known.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art and of providing a device or a method which allows the cremation of organic bodies safely, completely, environmentally friendly and economically.
  • the invention relates to a device for cremating organic bodies with improved heating.
  • the inventive device in a first embodiment includes a Combustion chamber formed from at least one material with heat-storing properties, the combustion chamber having at least a first and a second section or zone.
  • the first section of the combustion chamber also called the main combustion chamber, is used to accommodate the organic body, in particular corpses in combustible coffins, body parts or animal carcasses in suitable packaging.
  • the organic bodies are burned substoichiometrically in the first section of the combustion chamber, the air required for this being supplied via at least one supply air inlet which is provided on the first section of the combustion chamber.
  • embers fall through a grate, which limits their size, into an ash channel or ash burn-out area, where they are completely mineralized with the regulated addition of fresh air (as required), heated fresh air (ash plate air).
  • fresh air fresh air
  • heated fresh air ash plate air
  • the resulting carbonization gases flow into the second section or zone, also called the post-combustion chamber, and are completely burned there with additional air being supplied.
  • the exhaust gases leave the device via a furnace outlet, which is provided on or after the second section of the combustion chamber.
  • the incineration is usually carried out in batches and is completed when a batch is completely cremated.
  • the device Before each loading of a batch, at least before a first batch or after interruptions in operation, the device must be heated to the correct operating parameters. The temperature of the inner surface of the lining of the combustion chamber must be high enough so that the carbonization in the first section of the combustion chamber starts quickly and the gas and air mixture in the second section of the combustion chamber ignites safely and burns with low emissions.
  • the lining material for example fireclay
  • the lining material is dimensioned in such a way that sufficient thermal energy can be stored so that the operating temperature, in particular the temperature of the inner surface, is kept in the intended range after charging.
  • the device further has at least one heating element and a first fan.
  • the device has a gas-carrying connection arranged outside the combustion chamber, which is connectable or connected at a first end to the first section of the combustion chamber and at a second end to the second section of the combustion chamber and wherein the first fan and the at least one heating element in the gas-carrying connection are arranged.
  • the pull side of the first fan forms the first end of the gas-carrying connection or points towards it, and the pressure side of the first fan points towards the second end of the gas-carrying connection. This ensures that the heated gas stream first flows into the second section of the combustion chamber, where the high temperature required for carbonisation gas ignition must be reached. This is at least 650 ° C - 800 ° C, preferably 750 ° C - 850 ° C, even more preferably 850 ° C - 900 ° C.
  • the at least one heating element is preferably arranged in the gas-carrying connection between the first fan and the second end of the gas-carrying connection. This reduces the thermal load on the components of the first fan and the heated circulation air can flow into the combustion chamber via the shortest possible route.
  • the gas-carrying connection has thermal insulation and a scooping part, for example a rotor of the first fan, is provided inside and a mounting of the first fan is provided outside the thermal insulation.
  • the bearings and shaft of the fan can also be provided with cooling, in particular drive shafts cooled by compressed air are used.
  • At least the scooping part of the first fan is made of a highly heat-resistant material and in particular has metal, a superalloy or ceramic, preferably titanium or a titanium alloy or a nickel-based superalloy.
  • metal a superalloy or ceramic, preferably titanium or a titanium alloy or a nickel-based superalloy.
  • a titanium-stabilized chromium-nickel steel with molybdenum is advantageously used.
  • the at least one heating element is operated with electric current and has, in particular, heating wires or coils made of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy.
  • heating elements which are operated by a gaseous, liquid or solid fuel can also be provided. Such heating elements preferably give off the thermal energy indirectly to the circulating air flow.
  • the device according to the invention can have a second fan which can convey fresh air through a supply air inlet into the first section of the combustion chamber.
  • This fresh air also called primary air
  • feeds the main combustion which is preferably conducted in the sub-stoichiometric range.
  • the main combustion is regulated via the speed of the second fan and / or via a flap or slide in the supply air inlet that can be proportionally adjusted, for example by means of an actuator. This flap or slide can seal off the supply air inlet tightly during the heating phase or after cremation.
  • a flap or an adjustable slide can be provided on the device according to the invention, which makes the first end of the gas-carrying connection connectable, in particular to the first section of the combustion chamber.
  • the air flow in the gas-carrying connection is varied via the speed of the first fan and / or via the flap or slide, which can be proportionally adjusted for example by means of an actuator, in front of or at the first end of the gas-carrying connection.
  • This flap or slide can seal off the connection of the gas-carrying connection to the combustion chamber during an incineration phase or after an incineration.
  • a second flap or a second adjustable slide can be provided, which makes the first end of the gas-carrying connection or the pull side of the first fan connectable to a further opening in the combustion chamber, in particular on the furnace outlet side.
  • the air flow in the gas-carrying connection is varied via the speed of the first fan and / or via the second flap or slide, which can be proportionally adjusted, for example by means of an actuator.
  • the flap or slide which makes the first end of the gas-carrying connection connectable to, in particular, the first section of the combustion chamber, the circulating air flow heated by the heating element can be guided variably through the second section or the first section or through both sections at the same time.
  • This second flap or slide can seal off the connection of the gas-carrying connection to the further opening of the combustion chamber, in particular located on the furnace outlet side, during an incineration phase or after an incineration.
  • the invention relates to a device for cremating organic bodies with improved and optimized heating Afterburning.
  • the device according to the invention can have a third fan which can convey fresh air through a supply air inlet into the second section or an afterburning zone of the combustion chamber.
  • This fresh air also called secondary air, feeds the afterburning, which is preferably conducted in the overstoichiometric range.
  • the afterburning is regulated via the speed of the third fan and / or via a flap or slide valve, which can be proportionally adjusted, for example, by means of an actuator, at the supply air inlet in the second section of the combustion chamber.
  • This flap or slide can tightly seal off the supply air inlet into the second section or the post-combustion zone of the combustion chamber during a heating phase or after an incineration.
  • a third flap or a third adjustable slide can be provided in addition or as an alternative to the described secondary air supply, which makes the first end of the gas-carrying connection or the pull side of the first fan connectable to a fresh air inlet.
  • secondary air can be blown with the first fan through the second end of the gas-carrying connection into the second section or the post-combustion zone of the combustion chamber during an incineration phase.
  • the secondary air can advantageously be additionally heated by the heating element if necessary in order to keep the afterburning in the desired range in terms of combustion technology by supplying energy or, for example, to briefly trigger a new ignition, which minimizes pollutant emissions even in the event of extraordinary combustion events.
  • This third flap or slide which makes the first end of the gas-carrying connection or the pull side of the first fan connectable to a fresh air inlet, can seal off the fresh air inlet tightly during a heating phase or after cremation.
  • a device according to the invention on the combustion chamber can also provide several, in particular parallel, gas-carrying connections with the stated units. This also allows the implementation according to the invention in two or more train devices.
  • further sections or zones of the device in particular the three zones in which the process phases main combustion, mineralization and post-combustion take place, can each be equipped with a hot air blower, each having a fan and a heating element, so that the Circulation operation and / or during the cremation process using hot air to bring in additional energy if required.
  • the gas-carrying connection can be provided three or more times or branch into three or more connections, each of which contains a hot air blower as well as slides or flaps.
  • Dedusting means for example ceramic or electrostatic filters, cyclone separators, baffles can be provided in the gas-carrying connections so that the proper function of the device, in particular the fans and heating elements, is not disturbed by deposits of dust and ash.
  • the advantage of a method carried out in this way is the fact that the air for heating can be circulated in a device which is tightly sealed from the outside, whereby the heat losses remain low with appropriate thermal insulation. This also allows an interruption or variation of the circulation and / or a timing / control of the heating in order to use the currently available range of services of the network operator and / or from self-sufficient sources such as hydropower stations, wind generators or photovoltaics.
  • the hot air can be circulated through the gas-carrying connection and through the combustion chamber during a part of the preheating phase through a first section of the combustion chamber and during another part of the preheating phase through a second section of the combustion chamber.
  • the first section of the combustion chamber can first be heated to the desired operating temperature and immediately before the cremation or charging in the second section of the combustion chamber, the surface can be heated to the required ignition temperature.
  • the gas temperature of the hot air can be increased by reducing the volume flow of the circulation while maintaining the same heating power.
  • the circulation of the hot air through the gas-carrying connection and through the combustion chamber can take place at least during part of the preheating phase simultaneously through a first section or zone of the combustion chamber and through a second section or zone of the combustion chamber.
  • This step is advantageously carried out in that the same units which are used for circulating and heating heating air during the preheating phase heat the fresh air in the cremation phase and blow it into one or more sections or zones of the combustion chamber.
  • the mineralization can advantageously be promoted by blowing fresh air heated by the heater into the zone of the ash plate.
  • the main combustion can advantageously be ignited, kept going, accelerated or ignited again by blowing fresh air heated by the heater into the main combustion chamber.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be carried out by means of a device according to the invention, but is expressly not limited to such a device.
  • a device according to the invention for example, through a suitable fluidic arrangement and thermal dimensioning of a combustion chamber, a gas-carrying connection outside the combustion chamber and heating by convection, automatic circulation can be achieved, which brings the combustion chamber to a specified temperature and realizes or enables the method steps according to the invention. Convection takes the place of the fan.
  • a device according to the invention can also be implemented by retrofitting or converting existing cremation ovens.
  • the circulation heating according to the invention can completely replace or also support or supplement an existing conventional heating system.
  • the positions of the flaps or slides, the speed of the fans and the power of the heating elements for the heating phase and the cremation phase are advantageously controlled in a programmed manner.
  • Various sensors, in particular for temperature, lambda value and other flue gas parameters and suitable control programs, enable improved process control.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in longitudinal section a cremation furnace 100 as is known from the prior art.
  • the furnace body is provided with insulation 109 and forms a main combustion chamber 101 and an afterburning chamber 102 through a lining 110.
  • electrical heating rods 103 are installed at several points, which heat the lining 110 from the inside and bring the combustion chambers 101, 102 to an operating temperature .
  • a charge 107 can be introduced into the main combustion chamber 101 via the loading door 108, as a result of which the main combustion begins, which is supplied with air via the main combustion fan 104.
  • Post-combustion is achieved by blowing in further air with the post-combustion fan 105 in the post-combustion chamber 102.
  • the combustion gases leave the cremation furnace 100 via the furnace outlet 106.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically in longitudinal section a cremation furnace 1 in a first possible embodiment of the present invention.
  • a combustion chamber has a first section 2 and a second section 3.
  • the combustion chamber with its sections is formed by a brickwork or lining 23 with heat-storing properties, for example from a fireclay.
  • a supply air inlet 4 is provided on the first section 2 of the combustion chamber, into which process air, in particular main combustion air, can be blown in by a second fan 17 and / or shut off via a fifth slide 25.
  • a loading door 22 is also provided on or in front of the first section 2.
  • An afterburning air inlet 27 is provided on the second section 3 of the combustion chamber, into which process air, in particular afterburning air, can be blown in by a third fan 16 and / or shut off via a slide 26.
  • a furnace outlet 5 is also provided, which can be adjusted and / or shut off tightly via a furnace outlet flap or slide 21. Combustion gases can flow from the first section 2 of the combustion chamber into the second section 3 of the combustion chamber and can leave the device 1 via the furnace outlet 5.
  • At least one gas-carrying connection 28 with a first end 8 and a second end 9 is arranged on the device 1 outside the combustion chambers.
  • the first end 8 can be and / or connected to the first section of the combustion chamber 2 via an adjustable first slide or flap 11 lockable.
  • the second end 9 of the gas-carrying connection can be connected or shut off via an adjustable fourth slide or flap 14 with the second section 3 of the combustion chamber.
  • the gas-carrying connection 28 advantageously runs within the thermal insulation 10 of the device 1 and is made of a heat-resistant, gas-tight material.
  • a first fan 7, the scooping part of the fan 7, and one or more heating elements 6 are provided in the gas-carrying connection 28.
  • a pull side 19 of the first fan 7 points to the first end 8 of the gas-carrying connection 28 and thus to the first section 2 of the combustion chamber.
  • a pressure side 18 of the first fan 7 points to the second end 9 of the gas-carrying connection 28 and thus to the second section 3 of the combustion chamber.
  • a second or further gas-carrying connection 29 can be provided, which via an adjustable second slide or flap 12 with an opening 20 located in particular on the oven outlet side Combustion chamber can be connected or shut off.
  • the gas-carrying connection 29 advantageously runs within the thermal insulation 10 of the device 1 and is made of a heat-resistant, gas-tight material.
  • the first fan 7 can suck in air from the second section 3 of the combustion chamber on the furnace outlet side via this connection 29 with the second slide 12 and the fourth slide 14 open and convey it back to the second section 3 of the combustion chamber via the heater 6, from where it at least gives off heat flows through part of the second section 3 of the combustion chamber to the opening 20 and thus circulates as heating air.
  • the first slider / flap 11, the second slider / flap 12 and the fourth slider / flap 14 can be set so that the circulation of the heating air only via the gas-carrying connection 28 or only via the second gas-carrying connection 29 or at the same time variably via both gas-carrying connections Connections 28, 29 takes place.
  • the combustion chamber 2, 3, which is sealed off to the outside, is brought to operating temperature in a heating phase by circulating air heated by the heating elements 6 by means of a fan 7.
  • the cremation phase is initiated by closing the slide / flaps 11, 12, 14 and opening the supply air flaps 25, 26.
  • a charge 24, in particular an organic body, can be introduced through the loading door 22 into the first section 2 of the combustion chamber, whereby the main combustion begins, which is supplied with air via the second fan 17, the main combustion fan.
  • Post-combustion is achieved by blowing further air into the second section 3 of the combustion chamber with the third fan 16, the post-combustion fan.
  • the combustion gases leave the device 1 via the furnace outlet 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically in longitudinal section a cremation furnace 1 in a second, further developed embodiment of the present invention.
  • This second embodiment largely corresponds structurally and functionally to the first embodiment, which is why apart from the following developments, refer to the above description Fig. 2 ) is referenced.
  • a fresh air inlet 15 is additionally provided, which can be adjusted and / or shut off via a third flap or slide 13.
  • the first fan can blow process air, in particular post-combustion air, into the second section 3 of the combustion chamber.
  • the afterburning air can be preheated with the heating element 6.
  • the combustion chamber 2, 3, which is sealed off to the outside is brought to operating temperature in a heating phase.
  • the cremation phase is initiated by closing the slide / flaps 11, 12 and opening the supply air flaps 25, 13.
  • a charge 24, in particular an organic body can be introduced through the loading door 22 into the first section 2 of the combustion chamber, whereby the main combustion begins, which is supplied with air via the second fan 17, the main combustion fan.
  • Post-combustion is achieved by blowing further air into the second section 3 of the combustion chamber with the first fan 7, the circulation or post-combustion fan.
  • This post-combustion air can advantageously be temporarily or permanently heated by the heating element 6.
  • the combustion gases leave the device 1 via the furnace outlet 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically in longitudinal section a cremation furnace 1 in a third, further developed embodiment of the present invention.
  • This third embodiment is structurally and functionally developed from the first and second embodiment, which is why, apart from the following developments, analogously to the above description (to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 ) is referenced.
  • a fresh air inlet 15 is provided, which can be adjusted and / or shut off via a third flap or slide 13.
  • the first fan 7 can blow process air, in particular post-combustion air or process air called secondary air, into the post-combustion zone 38 of the combustion chamber.
  • a separate post-combustion air inlet, fan and slide can be dispensed with.
  • the afterburning air can be preheated with the heating element 6.
  • the third embodiment has a fan 30, which is connected on its pull side to the fresh air inlet 15 and the gas-carrying connection 28.
  • a heating element 31 and an adjustable and / or lockable flap or slide 34 are provided on the pressure side of the fan 30.
  • the fan 30 can blow process air, in particular ash plate air, into the mineralization zone 37 of the combustion chamber.
  • This process air also known as ash plate air, can advantageously and if necessary be preheated with the heating element 31.
  • the third embodiment also has a fan 32, which is connected on its pull side to the fresh air inlet 15 and the gas-carrying connection 28.
  • a heating element 33 and an adjustable and / or lockable flap or slide 35 are provided on the pressure side of the fan 32.
  • the fan 32 can thus blow process air, in particular main combustion air, into the main combustion zone 36 of the combustion chamber, in particular with the second flap / slide 12 closed and the flap 13 open and the slide / flap 35 open.
  • this process air also called main combustion air or primary air, can be preheated with the heating element 33.
  • the combustion chamber in the heating phase by circulating air heated by the heating elements 6, 31, 33 by means of fans 7, 30, 32, the combustion chamber, which is sealed off to the outside, is brought to operating temperature in a heating phase.
  • the air can be sucked off through the gas-carrying connection 28 on the furnace outlet side at the opening 20 and introduced in parallel or simultaneously into all, one or more zones or sections of the combustion chamber.
  • the gas-carrying connection 28 branches out three-fold.
  • three or more separately routed gas-carrying connections can also be provided with the aforementioned units.
  • the distribution of the air flow and the energy distribution in the heating phase or in the cremation phase can be adjusted or adjusted as required by adjusting the slides 14, 34, 35 and by controlling the output of the heating elements 6, 31, 33 and by controlling the speed of the fans 7, 30, 32 . be regulated automatically to process setpoints or optimally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif (1) de crémation de corps organiques, comprenant une chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38) formée d'au moins un matériau (23) ayant des propriétés d'accumulation de chaleur, la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38) ayant au moins une première section (2, 36,37) et une deuxième section (3, 38), une entrée d'air (4) prévue au niveau de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38), une sortie de four (5) prévue au niveau de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38), au moins un élément chauffant (6) et un premier ventilateur (7), et le dispositif (1) présente, disposé à l'extérieur de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38), un conduit de guidage de gaz (28) qui peut être relié ou est relié par une première extrémité (8) à la première section (2, 36, 37) de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38) et qui est disposé sur la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38,38) et peut être relié ou est relié par une deuxième extrémité (9) à la deuxième section (3, 38) de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38), et le premier ventilateur (7) et le au moins un élément chauffant (6) étant disposés dans le conduit de guidage de gaz (28),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le côté aspiration (19) du premier ventilateur (7) forme ou fait face à la première extrémité (8) du conduit de guidage de gaz (28) et le côté pression (18) du premier ventilateur (7) fait face à la deuxième extrémité (9) du conduit de guidage de gaz (28).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le au moins un élément chauffant (6) est disposé dans le conduit de guidage de gaz (28) entre le premier ventilateur (7) et la deuxième extrémité (9) du conduit de guidage de gaz (28).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le conduit de guidage de gaz (28) comprend une isolation thermique (10) et une partie pelleter du premier ventilateur (7) est prévue à l'intérieur et un palier du premier ventilateur (7) est prévu à l'extérieur de l'isolation thermique (10).
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel au moins la partie pelleter du premier ventilateur (7) comprend un métal, un superalliage ou une céramique résistant à la chaleur, de préférence du titane ou un alliage de titane ou un superalliage à base de nickel, en particulier un acier au chrome-nickel stabilisé au titane avec du molybdène.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le au moins un élément chauffant (6) peut fonctionner avec du courant électrique et, en particulier, comprend un alliage fer-chrome-aluminium, ou dans lequel le au moins un élément chauffant (6) peut fonctionner avec un combustible gazeux, liquide ou solide.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif comprend un deuxième ventilateur (17) adapté pour délivrer de l'air frais dans la première section (2, 36, 37) de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38) et/ou comprend un troisième ventilateur (16) adapté pour délivrer de l'air frais dans la deuxième section (3, 38) de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu un premier clapet (11) ou un premier coulisseau réglable qui permet de relier la première extrémité (8) du conduit (28) de guidage de gaz à la première section (2,36,37) de la chambre de combustion (2,3,36,37,38).
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel il est prévu un deuxième clapet (12) ou un deuxième coulisseau réglable, qui permet de relier la première extrémité (8) du conduit de guidage de gaz (28) ou le côté aspiration (19) du premier ventilateur (7) à une ouverture (20) de la chambre de combustion (2,3, 36, 37, 38) ou/et dans lequel il est prévu un troisième clapet (13) ou un troisième coulisseau réglable qui permet de relier la première extrémité (8) du conduit de guidage de gaz (28) ou le côté aspiration (19) du premier ventilateur (7) à l'entrée d'air frais (15).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conduit de guidage de gaz (28) se ramifie en plusieurs branches qui sont munies chacune d'un ventilateur (7, 30, 32) et d'un élément chauffant (6, 31, 33) et qui mènent à différentes zones de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38) ou dans lequel sont prévus plusieurs conduits de guidage de gaz (28) guidés séparément qui sont munis chacun d'un ventilateur (7, 30, 32) et d'un élément chauffant (6, 31, 33) et qui mènent à différentes zones de la chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38).
  10. Procédé pour préparer et effectuer la crémation de corps organiques comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    a) circulation d'air chaud pendant une phase de préchauffage à travers un conduit de guidage de gaz (28) et à travers une chambre de combustion (2, 3, 36, 37, 38), dans laquelle un ventilateur (7) et un élément chauffant (6) sont disposés dans le conduit de guidage de gaz (28) de sorte que, lorsque le ventilateur (7) fonctionne, une circulation d'air fermée peut avoir lieu à travers le conduit de guidage de gaz (28) et la chambre de combustion (2,3,36,37,38), le flux d'air circulant chauffé par l'élément chauffant (6) pouvant libérer une partie de son énergie dans et vers la chambre de combustion (2,3,36,37,38), en particulier sur sa surface intérieure et son revêtement.
    b) Placement du ou des corps organiques dans la chambre de combustion.
    c) Allumage des gaz de carbonisation et incinération du ou des corps organiques avec apport d'air frais dans la chambre de combustion et évacuation des gaz de combustion de la chambre de combustion dans une phase d'incinération.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la circulation de l'air chaud à travers le conduit de guidage de gaz et à travers la chambre de combustion a lieu pendant une partie de la phase de préchauffage à travers une première section de la chambre de combustion et pendant une autre partie de la phase de préchauffage à travers une deuxième section de la chambre de combustion.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, dans lequel la circulation de l'air chaud à travers le conduit de guidage de gaz et à travers la chambre de combustion se fait simultanément dans une première section de la chambre de combustion et dans une deuxième section de la chambre de combustion pendant au moins une partie de la phase de préchauffage.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 10, 11 ou 12 comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à
    d) L'injection d'air frais chauffé par le chauffage dans la chambre de combustion avant ou pendant la phase de crémation.
  14. Procédé selon les revendications 10 à 13 utilisant un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9.
EP17405017.9A 2016-09-28 2017-09-27 Four de crémation à chauffage et à combustion améliorés et procédé Active EP3301359B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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CH01274/16A CH712959A2 (de) 2016-09-28 2016-09-28 Kremationsofen mit verbesserter Aufheizung und Verbrennung.

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Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE559621C (de) * 1932-09-22 Stettiner Chamotte Fabrik Act Elektrisch beheizter Einaescherungsofen
DE1258009B (de) * 1966-09-02 1968-01-04 Richter & Schaedel K G Krematoriums-Ofen
CH584866A5 (fr) 1975-05-02 1977-02-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE4325422A1 (de) 1993-07-29 1995-02-02 Abb Management Ag Kremationsofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
EP0890788A1 (fr) * 1997-07-10 1999-01-13 BSBG Bremer Sonderabfallberatungsgesellschaft mbH Procédé et dispositif de crémation d'un corps humain sans vie
DE19853572A1 (de) 1998-11-20 2000-05-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Feuerbestattung
DE202015105885U1 (de) 2015-11-04 2015-11-30 elair GmbH Autarke Einäscherungsanlage

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CH712959A2 (de) 2018-03-29
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