EP3292912B1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un multicyclone pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins ainsi que multicyclones - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un multicyclone pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins ainsi que multicyclones Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3292912B1
EP3292912B1 EP16188007.5A EP16188007A EP3292912B1 EP 3292912 B1 EP3292912 B1 EP 3292912B1 EP 16188007 A EP16188007 A EP 16188007A EP 3292912 B1 EP3292912 B1 EP 3292912B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier gas
cyclone
fine
fine particles
individual cyclones
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16188007.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3292912A1 (fr
Inventor
Holger Wulfert
André BÄTZ
Winfried Ruhkamp
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Loesche GmbH
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Loesche GmbH
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Publication date
Priority to EP16188007.5A priority Critical patent/EP3292912B1/fr
Application filed by Loesche GmbH filed Critical Loesche GmbH
Priority to PCT/EP2017/072546 priority patent/WO2018046640A1/fr
Priority to CA3007583A priority patent/CA3007583A1/fr
Priority to US16/067,373 priority patent/US10926270B2/en
Priority to EA201800353A priority patent/EA034688B1/ru
Priority to SG11201804823RA priority patent/SG11201804823RA/en
Priority to JP2018531546A priority patent/JP6934871B2/ja
Priority to CN201780008607.6A priority patent/CN109641217B/zh
Publication of EP3292912A1 publication Critical patent/EP3292912A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3292912B1 publication Critical patent/EP3292912B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C15/007—Mills with rollers pressed against a rotary horizontal disc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/26—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone characterised by point of gas entry or exit or by gas flow path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/30—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone the applied gas acting to effect material separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/32—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C11/00—Accessories, e.g. safety or control devices, not otherwise provided for, e.g. regulators, valves in inlet or overflow ducting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
    • B04C5/185—Dust collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/24—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • B04C5/28—Multiple arrangement thereof for parallel flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C15/00—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs
    • B02C2015/002—Disintegrating by milling members in the form of rollers or balls co-operating with rings or discs combined with a classifier
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a multicyclone for separating fine and very fine grain, and a multicyclone.
  • Generic methods with a plurality of individual cyclones of essentially the same structure, each having a carrier gas inlet opening, a carrier gas outlet opening and a semolina discharge opening, are known.
  • the individual cyclones are housed together in a housing with little air intake, in which an upper and a lower chamber is formed.
  • the carrier gas outlet openings of the individual cyclones are designed to be open towards the upper chamber and the upper chamber has an overall carrier gas outlet opening. This serves to discharge the carrier gas, which has in each case emerged from the respective carrier gas outlet openings of the individual cyclones into the upper chamber, via the entire carrier gas outlet opening from the housing of the multicyclone.
  • the semolina discharge openings of the individual cyclones are each designed to be open towards the lower chamber.
  • the lower chamber has a device for extracting cyclone grits introduced through the semolina outlet openings with little air intake.
  • a common cyclone control air supply is also provided to the lower chamber.
  • Single cyclones are also called centrifugal separators. They serve, for example, as so-called mass force separators in process engineering systems for separating solid particles from gases. For example, they are used for exhaust gas purification.
  • the aim here is to use the cyclone to clean the carrier gas, which transports the particles into the cyclone, as completely as possible, that is to say to a very high degree of purity, and again from the cyclone dissipate. Ideally, a degree of cleaning of over 99% is achieved depending on the particle size and mass.
  • Essential components of a centrifugal separator are an upper inlet cylinder, a conical extension of this cylinder and an immersion tube.
  • a cyclone works as follows. Carrier gas with the particles to be separated is blown tangentially into the inlet cylinder so that it describes a circular path. The particles in the carrier gas are guided by their centrifugal force to the wall of the cylindrical region and braked in the subsequent conical region, in particular to the cone walls, so that they fall out of the carrier gas stream and leave the cyclone at the bottom. The carrier gas thus cleaned exits the cyclone via the immersion tube which extends inside the inlet cylinder and the subsequent cone.
  • a cyclone can also be used to separate or classify fine particles. It is taught here that the separation properties of the cyclone can be influenced in part by the rate of inflow of the carrier gas stream into a cyclone. However, since the carrier gas flow or process gas flow can often not be influenced arbitrarily in process engineering plants due to further apparatuses installed in such plants, such a regulation has proven to be not always optimally feasible.
  • a device which has a plurality of multicyclones, the individual multicyclones being provided in a common housing, as a result of which an upper and lower chamber is formed. Carrier gas can escape into the upper chamber.
  • the lower chamber has a common semolina discharge opening.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a simple and efficient method for operating a multicyclone for separating fine and very fine particles and a multicyclone.
  • the carrier gas inlet openings each have a carrier gas stream of equal volume from outside the housing with the fine and very fine grain to be separated as particles.
  • an at least partial separation of fine and very fine grain is carried out, the fine grain entering the lower chamber as cyclone semolina via the semolina discharge openings and from there being withdrawn from the housing via the device for low-air intake.
  • the finest grain is fed out of the multicyclone as a cyclone fine material by means of the carrier gas flow via the upper chamber and the carrier gas outlet opening.
  • the amount, the fineness and / or the purity of the fine grain discharged from the multicyclone is adjusted by regulating the amount of the cyclone control air fed into the lower chamber through the cyclone control air supply.
  • False air entry arm or poorly air or poorly airless in the sense of the invention can be understood such that hardly or ideally no air or gas can penetrate into the multicyclone from outside the multicyclone. However, it is not possible to completely prevent the ingress of false air or incorrect air in real circumstances, or it can only be achieved with unreasonable effort.
  • the main reason for the entry of incorrect air into the multi-cyclone is the device for extracting cyclone sizes discharged through the semolina discharge openings with little air intake.
  • Such a device can be implemented, for example, as a rotary valve.
  • Cell wheel locks that meet the requirements of the invention described here have, for example, a gap width of approximately 0.3 mm.
  • carrier gas flow is used in the context of the present description.
  • this can be a gas or air flow with which the particles to be separated, which are referred to as fine and very fine particles, are transported.
  • any gas or gas mixture can be used for this.
  • it can be ambient air, oxygen-depleted process gas or the like.
  • a basic idea of the invention can be seen in supplying the individual cyclones provided in the multicyclone with a carrier gas stream of equal volume. The result of this is that the individual cyclones have essentially the same separation characteristics between fine and ultra-fine grains, which significantly simplifies regulation of this separation limit across the entire multicyclone.
  • cyclone control air as the control variable for the separation limit, that is to say in particular for the quantity, the fineness and / or purity of the fine grain becomes.
  • a simple regulation is also provided by the fact that the cyclone control air is not supplied separately to each individual cyclone, but rather a common single supply of the cyclone control air to the lower chamber of the multicyclone is provided. Of course, several feeds into the lower chamber could also be provided due to the design. It is essential here, however, that the supply and thus also the regulation of the cyclone control air take place in the lower chamber and not in each individual cyclone itself and directly.
  • the volume per unit time of the carrier gas streams of the same volume to the individual cyclones is set depending on the geometry of the individual cyclones used, in order to separate approximately 99% of the fine and very fine grain in the carrier gas streams as cyclone semolina when the cyclone control air supply is closed. It has been found that a basic state set in this way can be regulated or controlled particularly efficiently and effectively by supplying cyclone control air. This results from the fact that the single cyclones of the multicyclone are operated in this basic state in such a way that they enable the most complete separation of the fine and fine particles.
  • this separation can be worsened by the supply of cyclone control air, so that the goal is achieved to remove part of the particle in the carrier gas stream as a fine particle from the multicyclone by means of the carrier gas total outlet stream and to feed it to a later separation.
  • the loading of the carrier gas flows of the same volume to the individual cyclones with fine and very fine grain can also be adjusted depending on the geometry of the individual cyclones, in order to achieve approximately 99% of the total when the cyclone control air supply is closed to separate fine and ultra-fine grains from the carrier gas flows as cyclone semolina.
  • the loading of the carrier gas streams of the same volume with particles which can be separated as fine and very fine particles is a relevant variable for setting a stable basic state.
  • the load can be specified as grams of dust particles per cubic meter of carrier gas or as kilograms of dust particles per kilogram of carrier gas.
  • the loading should be optimized as desired, since it has a significant influence on the effectiveness of the multicyclone. This means that the closer the load is to the optimum, that is to say with a 99% separation without the supply of cyclone control air, the greater the throughput can be achieved with such a multicyclone.
  • a pressure difference between the upper and the lower chamber is set during operation and the pressure in the upper chamber is lower than the pressure in the lower chamber.
  • This can be achieved, for example, by means of a suction fan after the multicyclone, so that a pressure drop arises in the entire multicyclone.
  • the static pressure in the upper chamber is lower than in the lower chamber. It is therefore easy to achieve that the cyclone control air introduced into the lower chamber flows through the individual cyclones into the upper chamber, and thus has the desired effect on the separation properties of the individual cyclones.
  • the pressure in the upper chamber and in the lower chamber is set lower than the ambient pressure. This ensures that the cyclone control air does not have to be blown into the multicyclone itself, but is sucked into it.
  • Such a method simplifies the construction and operation of a multicyclone, since it is necessary for the process to either blow the carrier gas streams actively into the multicyclone or, as is preferred, to suck through the multicyclone via a blower.
  • the fine and very fine particles to be separated can be fed directly into a carrier gas stream.
  • the fine and ultra-fine grain to be separated is fed into the multicyclone by means of the carrier gas of a dispersing unit prior to the task, and is transported from there to the multicyclone by means of the carrier gas stream.
  • Such a method is particularly advantageous when the fine and ultra-fine grain is not supplied directly from an upstream process via the carrier gas stream, but from a storage location such as a bunker.
  • the use of a dispersion unit ensures that the fine and ultra-fine particles are distributed as homogeneously as possible in the carrier gas stream and that hardly any particles adhere to one another. This has a positive effect on the result of the separation in the multicyclone.
  • the fine grain which is discharged from the multicyclone by means of the carrier gas outlet stream can be separated from the carrier gas stream in any manner. It is advantageous if this is carried out using a filter.
  • a filter for example, a bag filter or cartridge filter can be used as the filter.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be applied to a multicyclone with a plurality of individual cyclones of essentially the same structure.
  • These individual cyclones each have a carrier gas inlet opening, a carrier gas outlet opening and a semolina discharge opening.
  • the individual cyclones are housed together in a housing with little air intake, in which an upper and a lower chamber is formed.
  • the carrier gas outlet openings of the individual cyclones are designed to be open towards the upper chamber.
  • This upper chamber has a total carrier gas outlet opening in order to discharge the carrier gas which enters the upper chamber from the respective carrier gas outlet openings of the individual cyclones via this total carrier gas outlet opening from the housing of the multicyclone.
  • the semolina discharge openings of the individual cyclones are each designed to be open toward the lower chamber, the lower chamber having a device for the removal of cyclone grits introduced through the semolina discharge opening with little air intake.
  • the carrier gas inlet openings are designed in such a way that they can each be acted upon with a carrier gas flow of the same volume from outside the housing of the multicyclone and are not connected in terms of flow technology to the upper or the lower chamber.
  • a common cyclone control air supply is provided to the lower chamber, via which cyclone control air can be directed into the lower chamber.
  • a control and regulating device is provided and set up in order to set the amount, the fineness and / or the purity of the fine grain guided from the multicyclone by means of the amount of cyclone control air per unit time.
  • the entire structure of the multicyclone is such that there is a common cyclone control air supply to all individual cyclones. This means that only one feed, which leads centrally into the lower chamber, has to be adjusted and / or regulated in order to influence the properties of the fine grain mentioned above.
  • the individual cyclones are fluidically connected to the lower chamber via their semolina discharge openings.
  • the supply of cyclone control air via the lower chamber and the semolina discharge openings into the individual cyclones influences the vertebral sink, which is formed in each of the individual cyclones and is largely responsible for the selectivity or other separation properties in a cyclone.
  • An advantage of such an embodiment is that the carrier gas stream which is fed to the individual cyclones does not have to be modified or influenced here. This means that the multicyclone during operation is once set to an ideally optimal operating point and then the separation properties only have to be varied and readjusted via the amount of cyclone control air supplied per unit of time.
  • the construction of the multicyclone according to the invention thus has the advantage that the multicyclone can in principle be set at an optimal operating point with regard to the amount of carrier gas flowing in and its loading and can thus be operated in an efficient manner.
  • the individual cyclones can be arranged arbitrarily in the multi-cyclone.
  • the individual cyclones are provided in the housing in terms of flow technology in parallel. This means that they all have a respective individual carrier gas inlet opening which is supplied with carrier gas laden with particles from outside the multicyclone.
  • the parallel arrangement ensures that the individual cyclones, which are essentially of identical design, each behave identically and thus have a similar separation behavior.
  • the multicyclone can be easily scaled by providing additional individual cyclones in parallel, since these only have to be provided in the common housing. This again shows the advantage of the common cyclone control air supply, so that no additional new cyclone control air supply is necessary for a further individual cyclone.
  • the upper and the lower chamber are made airtight with respect to one another, an air exchange between the upper and the lower chamber taking place essentially only via the individual cyclones.
  • Airtight in this sense means that an air exchange between the two chambers can take place exclusively via or through the individual cyclones, so that no direct air exchange is provided between these two chambers.
  • the airtight separation of the Upper and lower chamber has the result that the cyclone control air can only flow into the single cyclones via the semolina outlet openings of the individual cyclones and into the upper chamber via the carrier gas outlet openings. With such a construction it is achieved that the cyclone control air introduced into the lower chamber flows completely through the individual cyclones and is thus fully used to control the separation between fine and very fine particles.
  • a multicyclone according to the invention can preferably be used or installed in the context of a fine grain separator for separating fine and fine grain from a preliminary or intermediate product.
  • a fine grain separator has a filter connected downstream of or downstream of the multicyclone.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product is fed to at least one multicyclone by means of a carrier gas stream.
  • the fine grain can be separated as cyclone semolina.
  • the fine grain which is still in the carrier gas stream, is then passed on to the filter, where it can be separated.
  • Such a fine grain separator makes it possible in a simple manner to further treat the carrier gas stream emerging from the multicyclone, in which the fine grain not separated out in the cyclones is present, so that the fine grain can also be obtained from the carrier gas stream, and the carrier gas stream itself either Process can be fed again or can be directed into the environment.
  • the respective individual cyclones of the plurality of multicyclones are each equipped with a smaller diameter in the flow direction of the carrier gas stream.
  • a plurality of multicyclones can be arranged in a cascading manner in front of the filter, the diameter of the individual cyclones becoming smaller the closer the multicyclone is arranged to the filter in the flow direction.
  • the diameter of a single cyclone is largely responsible for the options for setting the separation limit.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product can be fed to the fine grain separator directly from a process-technical plant, for example a grinding process.
  • a process-technical plant for example a grinding process.
  • the volumes of the carrier gas flows are often defined based on the upstream process, it is not easy to operate the multicyclone at an efficient operating point.
  • a storage bunker for the preliminary and intermediate product and a dispersion unit are provided in front of the multi-cyclone (s) of the fine grain separator.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product to be separated is fed from the storage bunker via the dispersing unit to the fine grain separator by means of the carrier gas stream.
  • the fine grain separator can be decoupled from an upstream process and can thus be operated independently of its operating state.
  • dispersing unit after the storage bunker has proven to be advantageous, since the dispersing unit ensures that the fine and very fine particles to be conveyed further by means of the carrier gas stream are present homogeneously and essentially without adhesions in the carrier gas stream, so that a good separation in the Multicyclone is enabled.
  • the fine grain separator can also be used in a grinding plant to produce fine and fine grain from a raw material.
  • a grinding plant has a mill-sifter combination, which has a sifter and a mill.
  • the mill-sifter combination is designed to feed raw material from the sifter to the mill-sifter combination, which has been crushed at least once, as rejected coarse material of the mill for further comminution.
  • a grinding plant filter is also provided.
  • crushed ground material which has not been rejected is transported from the classifier of the mill-classifier combination to the grinding plant filter and is separated there from the grinding plant carrier gas flow. Then, directly or indirectly, for example via a bunker, the crushed ground material separated on the grinding plant filter is fed to the fine grain separator, where it is separated into fine and fine grain.
  • any type of mill construction can be used which enables the ground material to be reduced to the desired fineness. It has proven to be advantageous to use a vertical mill with a grinding plate and grinding rollers for this purpose, since this achieves a good comminution result and a large range of grain fractions occurs during the comminution, so that fine and very fine particles of both fractions are present in the carrier gas stream. It is also advantageous that a vertical mill can be operated relatively energy-efficiently in this process compared to ball mills.
  • a schematic representation of a multicyclone 1 according to the invention is shown.
  • a plurality of individual cyclones 10 of identical construction are arranged in a housing 3, six in the exemplary embodiment shown here six times six, ie 36.
  • Fig. 1 only six individual cyclones 10 are visible.
  • the further individual cyclones 10 are located in the depth direction of the sketch.
  • the individual cyclones 10 are preferably used in a square arrangement.
  • the individual cyclones 10 are essentially identical in design and each have a carrier gas inlet opening 11, a carrier gas outlet opening 12 and one Semolina discharge opening 13.
  • the housing 3 is divided into an upper chamber 5 and a lower chamber 6 by means of a separation 15.
  • the individual cyclones 10 are each arranged between the upper chamber 5 and the lower chamber 6.
  • the carrier gas inlet openings 11 of the individual cyclones 10 are designed such that they can be operated with a carrier gas stream from outside the housing 3.
  • the carrier gas is fed into the carrier gas inlet openings 11 of the individual cyclones 10 directly from outside the housing 3, so that the carrier gas does not first penetrate into the upper chamber 5 or lower chamber 6.
  • Each individual cyclone 10 is fluidically connected to the upper chamber 5 via its carrier gas outlet opening 12.
  • each individual cyclone 10 is fluidically connected to the lower chamber 6 via its semolina discharge opening 13.
  • the upper chamber 5 has a total carrier gas outlet opening 7, via which carrier gas, which enters the upper chamber 5 from the carrier gas outlet openings 12 of the individual cyclones 10, can emerge from the latter.
  • a device for the extraction of cyclone semolina with little or no air.
  • This device can be designed, for example, as a cellular wheel sluice 8, so that the cyclone grits can be removed from the lower chamber 6 without large amounts of air being able to enter the lower chamber 6.
  • a cyclone control air supply 9 is provided in the lower chamber 6. Via this cyclone control air supply 9, air or gas can be directed into the lower chamber 6 in a targeted manner.
  • a volume flow measurement 62 and a control flap 61 are arranged in front of the cyclone control air supply 9, with which the volume or the amount of the cyclone control air introduced into the lower chamber 6 can be varied and adjusted.
  • the multicyclone 1 is not used for cleaning an air or gas flow of particles, as is conventionally customary, but rather as a targeted separation unit of particles that are present within a carrier gas stream.
  • a carrier gas flow is conducted into the individual individual cyclones 10, which are each arranged in parallel in terms of flow technology, that is to say next to and behind one another, with a corresponding particle loading.
  • the carrier gas loaded with particles is distributed to the individual individual cyclones 10 with the same volume per unit of time and the same loading of particles, so that the individual cyclones 10 have the same possible separation characteristics or separation properties. Due to the geometry of the inlet cylinder and the cone of the individual cyclones 10, it is possible in a known manner to separate the particles from the carrier gas stream. The separated particles are transferred via the semolina discharge opening 13 into the lower chamber 6 as cyclone semolina or fall into the latter.
  • the carrier gas which has essentially been cleaned of the particles, can then enter the upper chamber 5 from the individual cyclones 10 via the carrier gas outlet opening 12 and in turn leave the upper chamber 5 via the entire carrier gas outlet opening 7.
  • the separation of the particles in the individual cyclone 10 essentially takes place in that the geometry of the cyclone accelerates the carrier gas located on a circular path with the particles, so that the particles emerge from and after the accelerated carrier gas flow due to centrifugal force and gravity fall out below through the semolina discharge opening 13.
  • the carrier gas cleaned in this way can then emerge from the individual cyclone 10 via a dip tube provided, as already described, and via the carrier gas outlet opening 12.
  • the flow conditions occurring within a single cyclone 10 are also referred to as a vertebral sink. If this vertebral sink is disturbed, for example by cyclone control air which flows into the single cyclone 10 via the semolina discharge openings 13, the flow rate of the carrier gas in the single cyclone 10 changes, so that even lighter particles, which are referred to here as very fine particles, via the dip tube from the single cyclone 10 can emerge and are not separated out as semolina via the semolina discharge opening 13.
  • the invention makes use of this knowledge by specifically supplying cyclone control air via the cyclone control air supply 9 into the lower chamber 6 of the multicyclone 1. It is important here that it is ensured that the supplied cyclone control air flows through the individual cyclones 10 and influences the vertebra. This can be done, for example, by providing a suction blower downstream of the total carrier gas outlet opening 7, which sucks the carrier gas through the multicyclone 1. In this way, the static pressure in the upper chamber 5 is lower than in the lower chamber 6, the pressure there again being lower than the ambient pressure. In this way, the cyclone control air can be supplied by means of the control flap 62 by opening and closing the lower chamber 6.
  • the cyclone control air can be used to set the mass flow distribution between the very fine material which is discharged from the multicyclone and the fine material which is separated out as cyclone semolina in the multicyclone.
  • the D50 value describes the particle size distribution for a particle size distribution in which 50% by mass is larger and 50% by mass is smaller than the specified diameter of the boundary particle. In particular with the subtleties here, it has been found that this size is more suitable than the usual Blaine specific surface.
  • the multicyclone 1 according to the invention is shown in the context of a fine grain separator 40.
  • the fine grain separator 40 has as essential elements a storage bin 42 for a preliminary or intermediate product to be separated.
  • a dispersing unit 20 is provided in order to be able to distribute the preliminary or intermediate product to be separated as homogeneously as possible in a carrier air stream.
  • a multicyclone 1 according to the invention is then used, to which a filter 30, which is preferably designed as a bag filter, is connected downstream.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product stored in the bunker 42 is fed via a cellular wheel sluice 43 to a speed-controlled conveyor screw 44, which feeds the preliminary or intermediate product to the dispersion unit 20.
  • a speed-controlled conveyor screw 44 which feeds the preliminary or intermediate product to the dispersion unit 20.
  • removal from the bunker and feeding to the dispersing unit 20 can also be achieved by other means.
  • the dispersing unit 20 serves to distribute the product to be separated as homogeneously as possible in a carrier gas stream.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shown dispersing unit 20 described, wherein differently constructed dispersing units can also be used.
  • a fan 45 with corresponding control is provided downstream of the filter 30. This blower 45 sucks the carrier gas through the filter 30, the multicyclone 1 and the dispersing unit 20.
  • the dispersing unit 20 itself has a distributor plate 22, a blade ring 24, turbulence internals 25 and a displacement body 26.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product fed to the dispersing unit 20 via the screw conveyor 44 falls onto the distributor plate 22.
  • the distributor plate 22 rotates, so that the applied preliminary or intermediate product slides laterally from the distributor plate 22 or is thrown against a wall of the dispersing unit 20. It is mechanically torn apart and distributed over a larger flow cross-section.
  • the previously described carrier gas which flows through the air intake openings 23 and is additionally swirled by means of the blade ring 24, which is arranged on the edge of the distributor plate 22, entrains the preliminary or intermediate product to be separated from the carrier gas stream.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product is again torn apart, in this case pneumatically.
  • turbulence internals 25 are provided in the direction of flow of the carrier gas, which achieve additional turbulence and thus better dispersion of the preliminary and intermediate product to be separated.
  • the turbulence internals 25 can be formed, for example, by means of static mixing elements or impact bodies.
  • a dynamic rotor which further improves the mixing and dispersion of the preliminary or intermediate product. This is additionally improved by the displacement body 26, which can be designed to be height-adjustable.
  • the preliminary or intermediate product to be separated is passed to the multicyclone 1 according to the invention by means of the carrier gas stream.
  • This is, as already in relation to Fig. 1 explained, regulated in the basic state with regard to the loading of the carrier gas stream, which is set by means of the feed from the bunker 42, and the volume per unit time of the carrier gas stream, which is set via the blower 45, is operated in such a way that in the initial state an almost complete separation of the fine and very fine grain in the multicyclone 1 is made possible.
  • a poorer separation is then achieved by supplying cyclone control air via the cyclone control air supply 9, so that the finer particles in the carrier gas stream are not separated as cyclone semolina, but instead are conducted further in the direction of the filter 30 with the carrier gas stream.
  • the fine particles are also separated in this filter 30 and can be removed from the filter 30, for example via a cellular wheel sluice 31.
  • the carrier gas stream thus cleaned can in part be fed back into the process or blown out into the environment.
  • An advantage of the fine grain separator 40 described here is that it can always be operated in the range of an optimal operating point, regardless of upstream processes that produce the preliminary or intermediate product, since both the loading and the volume per unit of time of the carrier gas depend only on the properties of the individual assemblies of the finest grain separator 40 are defined and there is no need to take into account upstream or downstream further processes.
  • a grinding plant 50 with a mill-sifter combination 51 is shown.
  • the mill-sifter combination has a mill 52 and a sifter 53.
  • the ground material crushed in the mill-sifter combination 51 is transported to a grinding plant filter 55 by means of a grinding plant carrier gas stream which is set by the mill blower 56.
  • the grinding plant carrier gas stream can in part be returned via a hot gas generator 57, which, for example, enables grinding drying in the mill-sifter combination.
  • Particles which are in the carrier gas stream of the grinding plant are separated in the grinding plant filter 55. These particles are then fed to the finest grain separator 40 using a multicyclone 1 according to the invention.
  • Conventional grinding plants 50 as shown in FIGS Fig. 3 are exemplified, in their optimal operating point usually a loading of the carrier gas in the range of 30 g / m 3 to 50 g / m 3 with a fineness of up to 6000 cm 2 / g.
  • a multicyclone 1 according to the invention and thus also the finest grain separator 40 can be operated with a loading in the range between 200 g / m 3 to 300 g / m 3 .
  • the decoupling makes it possible to make the fine grain separator 40 smaller, or to provide only one fine grain separator 40 for several grinding plants 50. This reduces the size of the system and thus minimizes the investment costs.
  • Fig. 4 a combined schematic diagram is shown, which shows the relationship between the cyclone control air volume and the dust loading of the carrier gas in relation to the fineness of the fine grain.
  • the fineness of the fine grain decreases with increasing cyclone control air volume.
  • an optimum of the dust loading or particle loading of the carrier gas stream upstream of the multicyclone is formed for the fineness.
  • the multicyclone according to the invention and its operating method for separating fine and very fine grain thus enable simple and efficient separation of fine and very fine grain as well as a decoupled operation to upstream process plants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un multicyclone (1) pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins, dans lequel le multicyclone (1) présente :
    plusieurs cyclones individuels (10) constitués sensiblement de manière identique qui présentent respectivement une ouverture d'entrée de gaz porteur (11), une ouverture de sortie de gaz porteur (12) et une ouverture d'extraction de granulé (13),
    dans lequel les cyclones individuels sont logés ensemble dans un boîtier (3) pauvre en apport d'air manquant dans lequel une chambre supérieure (5) et une chambre inférieure (6) sont réalisées,
    dans lequel les ouvertures de sortie de gaz porteur (12) des cyclones individuels (10) sont réalisées ouvertes vers la chambre supérieure (5),
    dans lequel la chambre supérieure (5) présente une ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (7) afin d'évacuer le gaz porteur qui est sorti respectivement des ouvertures de sortie de gaz porteur (12) respectives des cyclones individuels (10) dans la chambre supérieure (5), par l'ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (7) du boîtier (3) du multicyclone (1),
    dans lequel les ouvertures d'extraction de granulé (13) sont réalisées respectivement ouvertes vers la chambre inférieure (6),
    dans lequel la chambre inférieure (6) présente un dispositif (8) de retrait de granulés de cyclone apportés à travers les ouvertures d'extraction de granulé (13) qui est réalisé sensiblement sans apport d'air manquant,
    dans lequel une amenée d'air de régulation de cyclone commune (9) est prévue vers la chambre inférieure (6),
    dans lequel un courant de gaz porteur identique en volume avec le grain fin et ultrafin à séparer est amené aux ouvertures d'entrée de gaz porteur (11) respectivement de l'extérieur du boîtier (3),
    dans lequel une séparation au moins proportionnelle de grains fins et ultrafins est réalisée dans les cyclones individuels (10),
    dans lequel le grain fin entre en tant que granulé de cyclone par les ouvertures d'extraction de granulé (13) dans la chambre inférieure (6) et de là est retiré du boîtier (3) par le dispositif (8) de retrait,
    dans lequel le grain ultrafin est conduit en tant que produit fin de cyclone au moyen du courant de gaz porteur par la chambre supérieure (5) et l'ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (7) hors du multicyclone (1),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la quantité, la finesse et/ou la pureté du grain ultrafin conduit hors du multicyclone (1) est réglée au moyen d'une régulation de la quantité de l'air de régulation de cyclone amené à travers l'amenée d'air de régulation de cyclone (9) dans la chambre inférieure (6) par unité de temps.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le volume par unité de temps des courants de gaz porteur identiques en volume vers les cyclones individuels (10) est réglé en fonction de la géométrie des cyclones individuels (10) afin de séparer, lorsque l'amenée d'air de régulation de cyclone (9) est fermée, environ 99 % du grain fin et ultrafin se trouvant dans les courants de gaz porteur en tant que granulé de cyclone.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le chargement des courants de gaz porteur identiques en volume vers les cyclones individuels (10) avec du grain fin et ultrafin est réglé en fonction de la géométrie des cyclones individuels (10) afin de séparer, lorsque l'amenée d'air de régulation de cyclone (9) est fermée, environ 99 % du grain fin et ultrafin se trouvant dans les courants de gaz porteur en tant que granulé de cyclone.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    en fonctionnement une différence de pression entre la chambre supérieure (5) et la chambre inférieure (6) est réglée, et
    en ce que la pression dans la chambre supérieure (5) est plus faible que la pression dans la chambre inférieure (6).
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pression dans la chambre supérieure (5) et dans la chambre inférieure (6) est réglée plus basse que la pression ambiante.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le grain fin et ultrafin à séparer est amené avant la distribution dans le multicyclone (10) à une unité de dispersion (20) et de là est transporté au moyen du courant de gaz porteur vers le multicyclone (1).
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le courant de gaz porteur avec le grain ultrafin de l'ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (7) est amené à un filtre (30) pour la séparation du grain ultrafin du courant de gaz porteur.
  8. Multicyclone (1) comportant
    plusieurs cyclones individuels (10) constitués de manière sensiblement identique qui présentent respectivement une ouverture d'entrée de gaz porteur (11), une ouverture de sortie de gaz porteur (12) et une ouverture d'extraction de granulé (13),
    dans lequel les cyclones individuels (10) sont logés ensemble dans un boîtier pauvre en apport d'air manquant (3), dans lequel une chambre supérieure (5) et une chambre inférieure (6) sont réalisées,
    dans lequel les ouvertures de sortie de gaz porteur (12) des cyclones individuels (10) sont réalisées ouvertes vers la chambre supérieure (5),
    dans lequel la chambre supérieure (5) présente une ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (12) afin d'évacuer le gaz porteur qui est sorti respectivement des ouvertures de sortie de gaz porteur (12) respectives des cyclones individuels (10) dans la chambre supérieure, par l'ouverture de sortie entière de gaz porteur (12) du boîtier (3) du multicyclone (10),
    dans lequel les ouvertures d'extraction de granulé (13) sont réalisées ouvertes respectivement vers la chambre inférieure (6),
    dans lequel la chambre inférieure (6) présente un dispositif (8) de retrait de granulés apportés à travers les ouvertures d'extraction de granulé (13) qui est réalisé sensiblement sans apport d'air manquant,
    dans lequel les ouvertures d'entrée de gaz porteur (11) sont réalisées de manière sollicitable respectivement depuis l'extérieur du boîtier (3) par un courant de gaz porteur identique en volume, qui présente du grain fin et ultrafin à séparer,
    caractérisé en ce que
    une amenée d'air de régulation de cyclone commune (9) est prévue vers la chambre inférieure (6), par laquelle de l'air de régulation peut être conduit de manière ciblée dans la chambre inférieure (6),
    en ce qu'un dispositif de commande et de régulation est prévu, afin de régler au moyen de la quantité d'air de régulation de cyclone par unité de temps la quantité, la finesse et/ou la pureté du grain fin conduit hors du multicyclone (1), et
    en ce que du grain fin peut être séparé en tant que granulé de cyclone.
  9. Multicyclone selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les cyclones individuels (10) sont prévus en écoulement parallèlement dans le boîtier (3).
  10. Multicyclone selon la revendication 8 ou 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la chambre supérieure (5) et la chambre inférieure (6) sont réalisées de manière étanche à l'air entre elles,
    dans lequel un échange d'air entre la chambre supérieure (5) et la chambre inférieure (6) est effectué seulement par les cyclones individuels (10).
  11. Séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins d'un produit primaire ou intermédiaire comportant
    au moins un multicyclone (1) selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10 et un filtre (30), dans lequel le produit primaire ou intermédiaire peut être amené au moyen d'un courant de gaz porteur à l'au moins un multicyclone (1),
    dans lequel le grain fin peut être séparé au niveau du multicyclone (1), et
    dans lequel au moyen du gaz porteur le grain ultrafin peut être transmis au filtre (30) et peut y être séparé.
  12. Séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    plusieurs multicyclones (1) sont prévus avant le filtre (30) en écoulement en série les uns après les autres et
    en ce que les cyclones individuels (10) respectifs des plusieurs multicyclones (1) présentent dans le sens d'écoulement du courant de gaz porteur respectivement un diamètre plus faible.
  13. Séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) selon la revendication 11 ou 12,
    caractérisé par
    une trémie de stockage (42) pour le produit primaire ou intermédiaire et
    une unité de dispersion (20),
    dans lequel le produit primaire ou intermédiaire à séparer peut être amené par l'unité de dispersion (20) de la trémie de stockage (42) au séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) au moyen du courant de gaz porteur.
  14. Installation de broyage (50) pour la fabrication de grains fins et ultrafins à partir d'une substance brute avec une combinaison de broyeur-cribleur (51) qui présente un cribleur (53) et un broyeur (52),
    dans laquelle la combinaison de broyeur-cribleur (51) est réalisée afin d'amener de nouveau lors d'un premier criblage une substance brute au moins une fois broyée du cribleur (53) de la combinaison de broyeur-cribleur (51) en tant que produit brut rejeté du broyeur (52) pour un broyage supplémentaire,
    avec un filtre d'installation de broyage (55),
    dans lequel au moyen d'un courant de gaz porteur d'installation de broyage du produit broyé non rejeté par le cribleur (53) de la combinaison de broyeur-cribleur (51) peut être transporté au filtre d'installation de broyage (55) et peut y être séparé du courant de gaz porteur d'installation de broyage,
    caractérisé par
    un séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13,
    dans lequel au moins une partie du produit de broyage séparé au niveau du filtre d'installation de broyage (55) peut être amenée au séparateur de grain ultrafin (40) en tant que produit primaire ou intermédiaire pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins.
  15. Installation de broyage selon la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le broyeur (52) de la combinaison de broyeur-cribleur (51) est un broyeur vertical avec un plateau de broyage et rouleau de broyage.
EP16188007.5A 2016-09-09 2016-09-09 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un multicyclone pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins ainsi que multicyclones Active EP3292912B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16188007.5A EP3292912B1 (fr) 2016-09-09 2016-09-09 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un multicyclone pour la séparation de grains fins et ultrafins ainsi que multicyclones
CA3007583A CA3007583A1 (fr) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 Methode d'utilisation d'un multi-cyclone pour la separation de grains fins et tres fins ainsi qu'un multi-cyclone
US16/067,373 US10926270B2 (en) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 Method for operating a multi-cyclone for the separation of fine and very fine grain as well as a multi-cyclone
EA201800353A EA034688B1 (ru) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 Способ эксплуатации мультициклона для разделения мелких и очень мелких гранул, а также мультициклон
PCT/EP2017/072546 WO2018046640A1 (fr) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un multicyclone pour séparer du grain fin et du grain très fin, et multicyclone
SG11201804823RA SG11201804823RA (en) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 Method for operating a multi-cyclone for the separation of fine and very fine grain as well as a multi-cyclone
JP2018531546A JP6934871B2 (ja) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 微細粒及び極微細粒の分離のためマルチサイクロンを動作させる方法並びにマルチサイクロン
CN201780008607.6A CN109641217B (zh) 2016-09-09 2017-09-08 操作多体旋风分离机构来分离细粒和超细粒的方法以及多体旋风分离机构

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JP2019531178A (ja) 2019-10-31
JP6934871B2 (ja) 2021-09-15
EA034688B1 (ru) 2020-03-06
CN109641217A (zh) 2019-04-16
EA201800353A1 (ru) 2018-11-30
CA3007583A1 (fr) 2018-03-15
SG11201804823RA (en) 2018-07-30
US20190015840A1 (en) 2019-01-17
EP3292912A1 (fr) 2018-03-14
US10926270B2 (en) 2021-02-23
CN109641217B (zh) 2021-05-28
WO2018046640A1 (fr) 2018-03-15

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