EP3292289B1 - Method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3292289B1
EP3292289B1 EP16716879.8A EP16716879A EP3292289B1 EP 3292289 B1 EP3292289 B1 EP 3292289B1 EP 16716879 A EP16716879 A EP 16716879A EP 3292289 B1 EP3292289 B1 EP 3292289B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
injectors
internal combustion
combustion engine
injector
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EP16716879.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3292289A1 (en
Inventor
Simon Obergfaell
Peter Schenk
Ingmar Burak
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0221—Details of the water supply system, e.g. pumps or arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0227—Control aspects; Arrangement of sensors; Diagnostics; Actuators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/025—Adding water
    • F02M25/028—Adding water into the charge intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/02—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being water or steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine.
  • a problem with known water injection systems is possible icing of water-carrying components of the water injection system.
  • antifreeze components are added to the water in the water injection system.
  • the inventive method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that damage to the components of the water injection device by icing can be avoided without the components being designed to withstand ice pressure. No additional fuel or additional components are required for this. Furthermore, a simple and inexpensive design of the water injection device is possible.
  • a method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine which has a water tank for storing water, a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to the water tank, at least two water injectors for injecting water, which are each connected to the conveying element are connected, and comprises a control unit which is set up to open the water injectors one after the other, the conveying element being set up to suck in the water in the water injectors one after the other and to supply it to the water tank when the water injectors are open, in order to prevent the water injectors from icing up. Since the water injectors are opened one by one after negative pressure is built up in a delivery line, it can be ensured that
  • Residual water can be safely sucked out of each water injector. Furthermore, by opening the water injectors, air enters the water injectors, which leads to rapid delivery of the water from the water injectors to the water tank.
  • the invention changes that
  • the pump is set up to change the direction of rotation.
  • the water injectors after switching off the internal combustion engine, in particular after each shutdown Internal combustion engine, open.
  • the second water injector is opened when the first water injector is closed.
  • the second water injector is opened after a predetermined time has elapsed after the first water injector was closed.
  • the predetermined time is less than one second.
  • FIG 1 the internal combustion engine 2, which has a plurality of cylinders, and part of the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 comprises a combustion chamber 20 per cylinder, in which a piston 21 can be moved back and forth. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 2 preferably has an intake port 22 per cylinder, via which air is supplied to the combustion chamber 20 . Exhaust gas is discharged via an exhaust gas duct 23 .
  • an inlet valve 25 is arranged on the inlet duct 22 and an outlet valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust gas duct 23 .
  • Reference numeral 24 also designates a fuel injection valve.
  • a water injector 6 is also arranged on the intake port 22 and injects water into the intake port 22 of the internal combustion engine 2 via a control unit 10 .
  • one water injector 6 is provided per cylinder.
  • two water injectors can be arranged per cylinder for better treatment or to increase the maximum quantity of water that can be injected per combustion cycle.
  • the water injection device 1 comprises a conveying element 3 designed as a pump and an electric drive 4 for driving the pump. Furthermore, a water tank 5 is provided, which is connected to the conveying element 3 by a suction line 7 .
  • a delivery line 8 connects the delivery element 3 to a distributor 9 or a rail to which a large number of water injectors 6 are connected.
  • a first water injector 6a, a second water injector 6b, a third water injector 6c and a fourth water injector 6d are provided in this exemplary embodiment.
  • the number of water injectors may vary depending on engine design and combustion requirements.
  • FIG 2 the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown in normal operation.
  • Normal operation is understood to be operation in which water is conveyed in a first conveying direction X1 from the water tank 5 to the water injectors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d, so that the water is injected into the inlet channels 22 of the internal combustion engine 2.
  • a condensate of an evaporator (not shown) of an air conditioning system is preferably used for this, for which purpose the water injection device 1 according to the invention has an inlet line 11 .
  • deionized water can be pumped into the water tank 5 via a refill line 12 .
  • a sieve can optionally be provided in the refill line 12 .
  • a pre-filter 16 is arranged in the first line 7 and a fine filter 17 in the second line 8, which can optionally be heated.
  • a pressure regulator 15 in the form of an orifice plate 15 a and a check valve 15 b is arranged in a return line 13 which connects the delivery line 8 to the water tank 5 .
  • the check valve 15b can be used as the pressure regulator 15.
  • a pressure sensor 14 is also provided in the delivery line 8 for pressure control.
  • a temperature or level sensor 18 is provided.
  • the water injection device 1 is deactivated at temperatures below the freezing point of the water when driving or switching off the internal combustion engine, the water standing in the water injection device 1 can lead to icing of water-carrying components and in particular the water injectors 6.
  • the water which is in the water injectors 6 is sucked out of the water injectors 6, in particular when the internal combustion engine 2 is switched off.
  • the drive 4 of the conveying element 3 is controlled via the control unit 10 to change the operating direction of the conveying element 3 so that the water is supplied in a second conveying direction X2 through the conveying line 8 and the suction line 7 to the water tank 5 .
  • the water injectors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are opened one after the other via the control unit 10. This will be in the Figures 3 to 6 shown.
  • the first water injector 6a is opened for a first activation time and then closed again.
  • the water from the first water injector 6a is thus pumped back into the water tank 5 ( figure 3 ).
  • the first water injector 6a can be protected against icing.
  • the second water injector 6b is opened for a second control time and closed again, so that the second water injector 6b is emptied ( figure 4 ).
  • each water injector 6 is preferably closed before the next water injector 6 is emptied.
  • the maximum suction force of the conveying element 3 can be used to empty each water injector 6, which ensures that no water remains in the water injectors 6.
  • the first control time for the first water injector 6a, the second control time for the second water injector 6b and a third control time for the third water injector 6c and a fourth control time for the fourth water injector 6d are the same.
  • the water injectors 6 can also be opened for different times.
  • the suction of the water of the first water injector 6a, the second water injector 6b, the third water injector 6c and the fourth Water injector 6d are in the Figures 3 to 6 denoted by the reference symbols W a , W b , W c and W d .
  • the water injector 1 protects the water injectors 6 from freezing, in particular when the internal combustion engine 2 is switched off. A fail-safe mode of operation of the water injection device 1 and thus of the internal combustion engine 2 is thereby ensured.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine.The present invention relates to a method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine.

Aufgrund steigender Anforderungen an reduzierte Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen werden Brennkraftmaschinen zunehmend hinsichtlich des Kraftstoffverbrauchs optimiert. Allerdings können bekannte Brennkraftmaschinen in Betriebspunkten mit hoher Last nicht optimal im Hinblick auf den Verbrauch betrieben werden, da der Betrieb durch Klopfneigung und hohe Abgastemperaturen begrenzt ist. Eine mögliche Maßnahme zur Reduzierung der Klopfneigung und zur Senkung der Abgastemperaturen ist die Einspritzung von Wasser. Hierbei sind üblicherweise separate Wassereinspritzsysteme vorhanden, um die Wassereinspritzung zu ermöglichen. So ist z.B. aus der WO 2014/080266 A1 ein Wassereinspritzsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasrückführung bekannt, bei dem das Wasser in den Massenstrom der Abgasrückführung eingespritzt wird.Due to increasing demands for reduced carbon dioxide emissions, internal combustion engines are increasingly being optimized in terms of fuel consumption. However, known internal combustion engines cannot be operated optimally in terms of consumption at operating points with high loads, since operation is limited by a tendency to knock and high exhaust gas temperatures. A possible measure to reduce the tendency to knock and to lower the exhaust gas temperatures is the injection of water. In this case, separate water injection systems are usually present in order to enable the water injection. For example, from the WO 2014/080266 A1 a water injection system for an internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation is known, in which the water is injected into the mass flow of the exhaust gas recirculation.

Ein Problem bei bekannten Wassereinspritzsystemen ist eine mögliche Vereisung von wasserführenden Komponenten des Wassereinspritzsystems. Um das System auch bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes des im Wassereinspritzsystem verwendeten Wassers zu betreiben, werden Frostschutzkomponenten dem Wasser des Wassereinspritzsystems zugesetzt.A problem with known water injection systems is possible icing of water-carrying components of the water injection system. In order to operate the system at temperatures below the freezing point of the water used in the water injection system, antifreeze components are added to the water in the water injection system.

Diese Komponenten beeinflussen jedoch das Brennverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine und erfordern zusätzliche Betriebsstoffe. Es ist aus der EP 2 778 381 A2 bekannt, dass bei abgeschalteter Verbrennungskraftmaschine der Arbeitsraum einen Wasserinjektors wenigstens teilweise mit einem Gasgemisch gefüllt ist, da beim Abschalten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine wenigstens ein Teil des im Arbeitsraum des Injektors vorhandenen Wassers durch das aus der Brennkammer in den Arbeitsraum einströmende Gasgemisch verdrängt und der Arbeitsraum wenigstens teilweise mit dem Gasgemisch gefüllt wird.However, these components affect the combustion behavior of the internal combustion engine and require additional fuel. It's from the EP 2 778 381 A2 It is known that when the internal combustion engine is switched off, the working space of a water injector is at least partially filled with a gas mixture, since when the internal combustion engine is switched off, at least part of the water present in the working space of the injector is displaced by the gas mixture flowing from the combustion chamber into the working space and the working space is at least partially filled with filled with the gas mixture.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of Invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass eine Beschädigung der Bauteile der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung durch Vereisung vermieden werden kann, ohne dass die Bauteile eisdruckfest ausgelegt sind. Dazu sind kein weitere Betriebsstoff oder zusätzliche Komponenten erforderlich. Ferner ist ein einfaches und günstiges Design der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung möglich. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine erreicht, welche einen Wassertank zur Speicherung von Wasser, ein Förderelement zur Förderung des Wassers, welches mit dem Wassertank verbunden ist, mindestens zwei Wasserinjektoren zum Einspritzen von Wasser, welche jeweils mit dem Förderelement verbunden sind, und eine Steuereinheit umfasst, welche eingerichtet ist, die Wasserinjektoren nacheinander zu öffnen, wobei das Förderelement eingerichtet ist, in den Wasserinjektoren befindliches Wasser nacheinander anzusaugen und zum Wassertank zuzuführen, wenn die Wasserinjektoren geöffnet sind, um eine Vereisung der Wasserinjektoren zu vermeiden. Da die Wasserinjektoren einer nach dem anderen geöffnet werden, nachdem Unterdruck in einer Förderleitung aufgebaut ist, kann sichergestellt werden, dassThe inventive method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine with the features of claim 1 has the advantage that damage to the components of the water injection device by icing can be avoided without the components being designed to withstand ice pressure. No additional fuel or additional components are required for this. Furthermore, a simple and inexpensive design of the water injection device is possible. According to the invention, this is achieved by a method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine, which has a water tank for storing water, a conveying element for conveying the water, which is connected to the water tank, at least two water injectors for injecting water, which are each connected to the conveying element are connected, and comprises a control unit which is set up to open the water injectors one after the other, the conveying element being set up to suck in the water in the water injectors one after the other and to supply it to the water tank when the water injectors are open, in order to prevent the water injectors from icing up. Since the water injectors are opened one by one after negative pressure is built up in a delivery line, it can be ensured that

Wasserreste aus jedem Wasserinjektor sicher abgesaugt werden. Ferner tritt durch das Öffnen der Wasserinjektoren Luft in die Wasserinjektoren ein, was zu einer schnellen Förderung des Wassers aus den Wasserinjektoren zum Wassertank führt.Residual water can be safely sucked out of each water injector. Furthermore, by opening the water injectors, air enters the water injectors, which leads to rapid delivery of the water from the water injectors to the water tank.

Die Unteransprüche zeigen bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The dependent claims show preferred developments of the invention.

Zum Fördern des Wassers zum Wassertank ändert erfindungsgemäß dasFor conveying the water to the water tank, the invention changes that

Förderelement die Betriebsrichtung. Insbesondere ist die Pumpe eingerichtet, die Drehrichtung zu ändern. Vorzugsweise werden die Wasserinjektoren nach dem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere nach jedem Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine, geöffnet.conveying element the direction of operation. In particular, the pump is set up to change the direction of rotation. Preferably, the water injectors after switching off the internal combustion engine, in particular after each shutdown Internal combustion engine, open.

Weiter bevorzugt wird der zweite Wasserinjektor geöffnet, wenn der erste Wasserinjektor geschlossen ist.More preferably, the second water injector is opened when the first water injector is closed.

Insbesondere wird der zweite Wasserinjektor nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Zeit nach dem Schließen des ersten Wasserinjektors geöffnet. Vorzugsweise ist die vorbestimmte Zeit kleiner als eine Sekunde.In particular, the second water injector is opened after a predetermined time has elapsed after the first water injector was closed. Preferably, the predetermined time is less than one second.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die begleitende Zeichnung im Detail beschrieben. In der Zeichnung ist:

Figur 1
eine stark vereinfachte schematische Ansicht einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Figur 2
eine vereinfachte schematische Ansicht der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung gemäß dem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel im normalen Betrieb, und
Figuren 3 bis 6
vereinfachte, schematische Ansichten der erfindungsgemäßen Wassereinspritzvorrichtung, anhand deren das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erläutert wird.
A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing is:
figure 1
a highly simplified schematic view of an internal combustion engine with a water injection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
figure 2
a simplified schematic view of the water injector according to the preferred embodiment in normal operation, and
Figures 3 to 6
simplified, schematic views of the water injection device according to the invention, on the basis of which the method according to the invention is explained.

Ausführungsform der Erfindungembodiment of the invention

Nachfolgend wird unter Bezugnahme auf die Figuren1 bis 6 eine Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 einer Brennkraftmaschine 2 gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel im Detail beschrieben. Insbesondere wird die Brennkraftmaschine 2 nach dem Otto-Prinzip und mit Benzindirekteinspritzung betrieben.In the following, with reference to the Figures 1 to 6 a water injection device 1 of an internal combustion engine 2 according to a preferred embodiment is described in detail. In particular, the Internal combustion engine 2 operated according to the Otto principle and with direct fuel injection.

In Figur 1 ist die Brennkraftmaschine 2, welche eine Vielzahl von Zylindern aufweist, sowie ein Teil der erfindungsgemäßen Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 schematisch dargestellt. Die Brennkraftmaschine 2 umfasst pro Zylinder einen Brennraum 20, in welchem ein Kolben 21 hin und her bewegbar ist. Ferner weist vorzugsweise die Brennkraftmaschine 2 pro Zylinder einen Einlasskanal 22 auf, über welchen Luft zum Brennraum 20 zugeführt wird. Abgas wird über einen Abgaskanal 23 abgeführt. Hierzu sind am Einlasskanal 22 ein Einlassventil 25 und am Abgaskanal 23 ein Auslassventil 26 angeordnet. Das Bezugszeichen 24 bezeichnet ferner ein Kraftstoffeinspritzventil.In figure 1 the internal combustion engine 2, which has a plurality of cylinders, and part of the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. The internal combustion engine 2 comprises a combustion chamber 20 per cylinder, in which a piston 21 can be moved back and forth. Furthermore, the internal combustion engine 2 preferably has an intake port 22 per cylinder, via which air is supplied to the combustion chamber 20 . Exhaust gas is discharged via an exhaust gas duct 23 . For this purpose, an inlet valve 25 is arranged on the inlet duct 22 and an outlet valve 26 is arranged on the exhaust gas duct 23 . Reference numeral 24 also designates a fuel injection valve.

Am Einlasskanal 22 ist ferner ein Wasserinjektor 6 angeordnet, welcher über eine Steuereinheit 10 Wasser in den Einlasskanal 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 einspritzt. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist ein Wasserinjektor 6 pro Zylinder vorgesehen. Alternativ können zur besseren Aufbereitung oder zur Erhöhung der pro Verbrennungszyklus maximal einspritzbaren Wassermenge zwei Wasserinjektoren pro Zylinder angeordnet sein.A water injector 6 is also arranged on the intake port 22 and injects water into the intake port 22 of the internal combustion engine 2 via a control unit 10 . In this embodiment, one water injector 6 is provided per cylinder. Alternatively, two water injectors can be arranged per cylinder for better treatment or to increase the maximum quantity of water that can be injected per combustion cycle.

In Figur 2 ist die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 im Detail gezeigt. Die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 umfasst ein als Pumpe ausgebildetes Förderelement 3 und einen elektrischen Antrieb 4 zum Antreiben der Pumpe. Des Weiteren ist ein Wassertank 5 vorgesehen, welcher durch eine Ansaugleitung 7 mit dem Förderelement 3 verbunden ist. Eine Förderleitung 8 verbindet das Förderelement 3 mit einem Verteiler 9 bzw. einem Rail, an welchem eine Vielzahl von Wasserinjektoren 6 angeschlossen ist. Insbesondere sind in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ein erster Wasserinjektor 6a, ein zweiter Wasserinjektor 6b, ein dritter Wasserinjektor 6c und ein vierter Wasserinjektor 6d vorgesehen. Natürlich kann die Anzahl der Wasserinjektoren je nach Design der Brennkraftmaschine und Anforderungen der Verbrennung variieren.In figure 2 the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown in detail. The water injection device 1 comprises a conveying element 3 designed as a pump and an electric drive 4 for driving the pump. Furthermore, a water tank 5 is provided, which is connected to the conveying element 3 by a suction line 7 . A delivery line 8 connects the delivery element 3 to a distributor 9 or a rail to which a large number of water injectors 6 are connected. In particular, a first water injector 6a, a second water injector 6b, a third water injector 6c and a fourth water injector 6d are provided in this exemplary embodiment. Of course, the number of water injectors may vary depending on engine design and combustion requirements.

In Figur 2 ist die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 im normalen Betrieb dargestellt. Als normaler Betrieb ist der Betrieb zu verstehen, bei welchem Wasser in einer ersten Förderrichtung X1 vom Wassertank 5 zu den Wasserinjektoren 6a, 6b, 6c und 6d gefördert wird, so dass das Wasser in die Einlasskanäle 22 der Brennkraftmaschine 2 eingespritzt wird.In figure 2 the water injection device 1 according to the invention is shown in normal operation. Normal operation is understood to be operation in which water is conveyed in a first conveying direction X1 from the water tank 5 to the water injectors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d, so that the water is injected into the inlet channels 22 of the internal combustion engine 2.

Dafür wird bevorzugt ein Kondensat eines nicht gezeigten Verdampfers einer Klimaanlage verwendet, wozu die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 eine Zulaufleitung 11 aufweist.A condensate of an evaporator (not shown) of an air conditioning system is preferably used for this, for which purpose the water injection device 1 according to the invention has an inlet line 11 .

Alternativ oder zusätzlich zum Kondensat kann deionisiertes Wasser über eine Nachfüllleitung 12 in den Wassertank 5 gefördert werden. In der Nachfüllleitung 12 kann optional ein Sieb vorgesehen sein. Ferner sind ein Vorfilter 16 in der ersten Leitung 7 und ein Feinfilter 17 in der zweiten Leitung 8 angeordnet, welche optional beheizt werden können.As an alternative or in addition to the condensate, deionized water can be pumped into the water tank 5 via a refill line 12 . A sieve can optionally be provided in the refill line 12 . Furthermore, a pre-filter 16 is arranged in the first line 7 and a fine filter 17 in the second line 8, which can optionally be heated.

Wird nun über die Steuereinheit 10, welche bevorzugt als die Steuereinheit der Brennkraftmaschine 2 ausgebildet ist, eine Wassereinspritzung unter normalen Umgebungstemperaturen angefordert, so wird mittels des Förderelements 3 Wasser aus dem Wassertank 5 angesaugt. Zum Einstellen des gewünschten Systemdrucks im Verteiler 9 ist ein Druckregler 15 in der Form einer Blende 15a und eines Rückschlagventils 15b in einer Rücklaufleitung 13 angeordnet, welche die Förderleitung 8 mit dem Wassertank 5 verbindet. Nach einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann nur das Rückschlagventil 15b als der Druckregler 15 benutzt werden. Zur Druckregelung ist ferner ein Drucksensor 14 in der Förderleitung 8 vorgesehen. Des Weiteren ist ein Temperatur- bzw. Füllstandssensor 18 vorgesehen.If a water injection under normal ambient temperatures is now requested via the control unit 10, which is preferably designed as the control unit of the internal combustion engine 2, water is sucked out of the water tank 5 by means of the conveying element 3. To set the desired system pressure in the distributor 9 , a pressure regulator 15 in the form of an orifice plate 15 a and a check valve 15 b is arranged in a return line 13 which connects the delivery line 8 to the water tank 5 . According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, only the check valve 15b can be used as the pressure regulator 15. A pressure sensor 14 is also provided in the delivery line 8 for pressure control. Furthermore, a temperature or level sensor 18 is provided.

Wenn allerdings die Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes des Wassers beim Fahren oder Abstellen der Brennkraftmaschine deaktiviert ist, kann es aufgrund des in der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 stehenden Wassers zu einer Vereisung von wasserführenden Komponenten und insbesondere der Wasserinjektoren 6 führen.However, if the water injection device 1 is deactivated at temperatures below the freezing point of the water when driving or switching off the internal combustion engine, the water standing in the water injection device 1 can lead to icing of water-carrying components and in particular the water injectors 6.

Um eine solche Vereisung zu vermeiden, wird das Wasser, welches sich in den Wasserinjektoren 6 befindet, insbesondere im Abstellfall der Brennkraftmaschine 2, aus den Wasserinjektoren 6 abgesaugt. Dazu wird der Antrieb 4 des Förderelements 3 über die Steuereinheit 10 gesteuert, die Betriebsrichtung des Förderelements 3 zu ändern, so dass das Wasser in einer zweiten Förderrichtung X2 durch die Förderleitung 8 und die Ansaugleitung 7 zum Wassertank 5 zugeführt wird.In order to avoid such icing, the water which is in the water injectors 6 is sucked out of the water injectors 6, in particular when the internal combustion engine 2 is switched off. For this purpose, the drive 4 of the conveying element 3 is controlled via the control unit 10 to change the operating direction of the conveying element 3 so that the water is supplied in a second conveying direction X2 through the conveying line 8 and the suction line 7 to the water tank 5 .

Nachdem Unterdruck in der Förderleitung 8 aufgebaut ist, werden die Wasserinjektoren 6a, 6b, 6c und 6d über die Steuereinheit 10 nacheinander geöffnet. Dies wird in den Figuren 3 bis 6 dargestellt.After negative pressure has built up in the delivery line 8, the water injectors 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are opened one after the other via the control unit 10. This will be in the Figures 3 to 6 shown.

Beim Öffnen der Wasserinjektoren 6 tritt Luft in die Wasserinjektoren 6 aufgrund des Unterdrucks in der Förderleitung 8 ein, was mit dem Bezugszeichen P bezeichnet ist. Durch die eintretende Luft wird das Wasser schnell zum Wassertank 5 gefördert.When the water injectors 6 open, air enters the water injectors 6 due to the negative pressure in the delivery line 8, which is denoted by the reference P. The water is quickly conveyed to the water tank 5 by the incoming air.

Insbesondere wird der erste Wasserinjektor 6a für eine erste Ansteuerzeit geöffnet und wieder geschlossen. Somit wird das Wasser des ersten Wasserinjektors 6a zurück in den Wassertank 5 gefördert (Figur 3). Dadurch kann der erste Wasserinjektor 6a vor einer Vereisung geschützt.In particular, the first water injector 6a is opened for a first activation time and then closed again. The water from the first water injector 6a is thus pumped back into the water tank 5 ( figure 3 ). As a result, the first water injector 6a can be protected against icing.

Nachdem eine vorbestimmte Zeit abgelaufen ist, wird der zweite Wasserinjektor 6b für eine zweite Ansteuerzeit geöffnet und wieder geschlossen, so dass der zweite Wasserinjektor 6b entleert wird (Figur 4). In ähnlicher Weise werden der dritte Wasserinjektor 6c (Figur 5) und der vierte Wasserinjektor 6d (Figur 6) entleert.After a predetermined time has elapsed, the second water injector 6b is opened for a second control time and closed again, so that the second water injector 6b is emptied ( figure 4 ). Similarly, the third water injector 6c ( figure 5 ) and the fourth water injector 6d ( figure 6 ) deflated.

In anderen Worten wird vorzugsweise jeder Wasserinjektor 6 geschlossen, bevor das Entleeren des nächsten Wasserinjektors 6 erfolgt. Somit kann die maximale Ansaugkraft des Förderelements 3 zum Entleeren jedes Wasserinjektors 6 benutzt, wodurch sichergestellt wird, dass keine Wasserreste in den Wasserinjektoren 6 verbleiben.In other words, each water injector 6 is preferably closed before the next water injector 6 is emptied. Thus, the maximum suction force of the conveying element 3 can be used to empty each water injector 6, which ensures that no water remains in the water injectors 6.

Um eine gleichmäßige Entleerung aller Wasserinjektoren 6 zu ermöglichen, sind die erste Ansteuerzeit für den ersten Wasserinjektor 6a, die zweite Ansteuerzeit für den zweiten Wasserinjektor 6b sowie eine dritte Ansteuerzeit für den dritten Wasserinjektor 6c und eine vierte Ansteuerzeit für den vierten Wasserinjektor 6d gleich. Im Rahmen der Erfindung können die Wasserinjektoren 6 aber auch für unterschiedliche Zeiten geöffnet werden.In order to enable all water injectors 6 to be emptied uniformly, the first control time for the first water injector 6a, the second control time for the second water injector 6b and a third control time for the third water injector 6c and a fourth control time for the fourth water injector 6d are the same. Within the scope of the invention, however, the water injectors 6 can also be opened for different times.

Das Absaugen des Wassers des ersten Wasserinjektors 6a, des zweiten Wasserinjektors 6b, des dritten Wasserinjektors 6c und des vierten Wasserinjektors 6d sind in den Figuren 3 bis 6 mit den Bezugszeichen Wa, Wb, Wc und Wd bezeichnet.The suction of the water of the first water injector 6a, the second water injector 6b, the third water injector 6c and the fourth Water injector 6d are in the Figures 3 to 6 denoted by the reference symbols W a , W b , W c and W d .

Es sei angemerkt, dass die Reihenfolge, in welcher die Wasserinjektoren 6 geöffnet werden, an die jeweiligen Anforderungen angepasst werden kann.It should be noted that the order in which the water injectors 6 are opened can be adapted to the respective requirements.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 werden die Wasserinjektoren 6 vor einem Gefrieren, insbesondere im Abstellfall der Brennkraftmaschine 2, geschützt. Eine ausfallsichere Funktionsweise der Wassereinspritzvorrichtung 1 und damit der Brennkraftmaschine 2 wird hierdurch sichergestellt.The water injector 1 according to the invention protects the water injectors 6 from freezing, in particular when the internal combustion engine 2 is switched off. A fail-safe mode of operation of the water injection device 1 and thus of the internal combustion engine 2 is thereby ensured.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for operating a water injection apparatus (1) with at least two water injectors (6a, 6b) and a conveying element (3) of an internal combustion engine (2), the water injection apparatus (1) comprising a conveying element (3), configured as a pump, and an electric drive (4) for driving the pump, a water tank (5) being provided, furthermore, which is connected by way of an intake line (7) to the conveying element (3), a conveying line (8) connecting the conveying element (3) to a distributor (9), to which a multiplicity of water injectors (6) are connected, the water injectors (6a, 6b) being opened one after another via a control unit (10), the conveying element (3) feeding water which is situated in the water injectors (6a, 6b) to the water tank (5) of the water injection apparatus (1) when the water injectors (6a, 6b) are open, in order to avoid icing up of the water injectors (6a, 6b), water which is situated in the water injectors (6a, 6b), in particular in the case of the internal combustion engine (2) being turned off, being extracted from the water injectors (6a, 6b) using negative pressure, the drive (4) of the conveying element (3) being controlled via the control unit (10) so as to change the operating direction of the conveying element (3), with the result that water is fed in a second conveying direction (X2) through the conveying line (8) and the intake line (7) to the water tank (5), the water injectors (6a, 6b) being opened one after another via the control unit (10) after negative pressure in the conveying line (8) is dissipated.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, the water injectors (6a, 6b) being opened after the internal combustion engine (2) is turned off, in particular after each instance of the internal combustion engine (2) being turned off.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, the second water injector (6b) being opened when the first water injector (6a) is closed.
  4. Method according to Claim 3, the second water injector (6b) being opened after a predefined time after the closure of the first water injector (6a) has elapsed.
EP16716879.8A 2015-05-07 2016-04-18 Method for operating a water injection device for an internal combustion engine Active EP3292289B1 (en)

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DE102015208508.2A DE102015208508A1 (en) 2015-05-07 2015-05-07 Water injection device for an internal combustion engine and method for operating such a water injection device
PCT/EP2016/058519 WO2016177561A1 (en) 2015-05-07 2016-04-18 Water injection device for an internal combustion engine and method for operating a water injection device of said type

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CN107636293B (en) 2020-03-20
WO2016177561A1 (en) 2016-11-10

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