EP3290796B1 - Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3290796B1
EP3290796B1 EP17185688.3A EP17185688A EP3290796B1 EP 3290796 B1 EP3290796 B1 EP 3290796B1 EP 17185688 A EP17185688 A EP 17185688A EP 3290796 B1 EP3290796 B1 EP 3290796B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
heating system
fluid supply
combustion
air ratio
Prior art date
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EP17185688.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3290796A1 (fr
Inventor
Ab Snijder
Jan Koudijs
Jan Westra
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102017204012.2A external-priority patent/DE102017204012A1/de
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Publication of EP3290796A1 publication Critical patent/EP3290796A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system.
  • the invention also relates to a control unit which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention and to a heating system with the control unit according to the invention.
  • Heating system is understood to mean at least one device for generating thermal energy, in particular a heating device or heating burner, in particular for use in a building heating system and / or for generating hot water, preferably by burning a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • a heating system can also consist of several such devices for generating thermal energy and other devices that support heating, such as hot water and fuel storage tanks.
  • a "fluid supply parameter" is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with at least one fluid, in particular a combustion air flow, a fuel flow and / or a mixed flow, in particular consisting of a combustion air and the fuel, that is fed to a burner unit of the heating system .
  • a volume flow and / or a mass flow of the at least one fluid can be inferred and / or the volume flow and / or the mass flow of the at least one fluid can be determined, in particular by a control and / or regulating unit of the heating system, at least on the basis of the fluid supply parameter.
  • An example of a fluid supply parameter is the specification of an opening width of a fuel valve.
  • a “temporary, temporal fluid supply change” is to be understood as a temporally limited variation of the fluid supply parameter so that it deviates from a largely constant value of the fluid supply parameter before the fluid supply change begins.
  • the fluid supply parameter is preferably initially increased or decreased over the period of the fluid supply change and then to the largely constant value of Fluid supply parameter regulated before the beginning of the fluid supply change.
  • the duration of the fluid supply change is preferably pulse-like and short compared to the time variations of the fluid supply parameter that occur during normal operation of the heating system.
  • a “pulse”, a “pulse-like change” or a “pulse-shaped signal” is to be understood as a characteristic of a characteristic which is brought from a first value to at least a second value different from the first value within a limited period of time.
  • a “pulse” is sometimes referred to as an "impulse", especially in electrical engineering.
  • combustion parameter is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with a combustion, in particular of the mixture, in particular of the combustion air and the fuel.
  • An example of a combustion parameter is an ionization current, which is measured on a flame of the heating system.
  • the presence and / or quality of the combustion can be inferred and / or the presence and / or the quality of the combustion can be determined.
  • the combustion parameter advantageously corresponds to at least one or exactly one measured value that depicts and / or characterizes the combustion, or the combustion parameter can be clearly assigned to such a measured value.
  • Examples of a measured value depicting and / or characterizing the combustion are a combustion signal, in particular a light intensity, a pollutant emission, a temperature and / or advantageously an ionization signal.
  • a “relative signal maximum” is the maximum amplitude of the combustion parameter in a correlated with the change in the fluid supply parameter over time To understand period of time minus the largely constant amplitude of the combustion parameter before this period or the amplitude of the combustion parameter at the beginning of this period. The relative signal maximum is in particular a measure of the change in the combustion parameter due to the change in fluid supply.
  • faulty condition is meant a condition of the heating system in which it cannot operate as intended. This includes defects and malfunctions as well as sub-optimal operation. Examples of malfunctions and defects are a not fully functional fan or suddenly occurring or slowly progressing blockages in the flow path of a fuel-air mixture. Causes of such blockages are, for example, wind, dirt, deposits or corrosion. Examples of non-optimal operation are over- or under-loading of the heating system or non-optimal combustion in a combustion chamber of the heating system, for example due to incorrectly set operating parameters and / or incorrectly set sensors for determining the fuel-air ratio.
  • An "attempt" to determine a relative signal maximum of a time change of at least one combustion parameter correlated with the change in fluid supply over time is to be understood as a method step in which a relative signal maximum of a time change of at least one combustion parameter that is correlated with the change in fluid supply over time is measured or is detected.
  • different following steps can optionally be selected in the further course of the method, if this is necessary and / or desired.
  • “Calibrating the heating system” means the one-time or repeated, in particular periodic, setting of operating parameters of the heating system so that the heating system can always fully meet the specified and / or requested performance, especially under changing internal and external conditions, especially with wear processes and changing boundary and environmental conditions.
  • "Operating parameters” are to be understood as parameters that are used by the control of the heating system to control and monitor processes taking place in the heating system. Examples of “operating parameters” are a fan speed or a fan speed characteristic or a flame ionization characteristic.
  • calibrting the heating system is to be understood in particular as a calibration process in which the sensor system for measuring the fuel-air ratio is readjusted.
  • “Burner output parameter” should be understood to mean, in particular, a scalar parameter which is correlated with an output, in particular heating output, of the heating system.
  • the power, in particular the heating power, of the heating system can advantageously be determined, in particular by the control and / or regulating unit of the heating system, at least on the basis of the burner power parameter.
  • the burner output parameter advantageously corresponds to at least one or exactly one measured value representing the output or can be clearly assigned to such a measured value.
  • Such a measured value can be, for example, a temperature, an air flow rate, a fan control signal or a fan speed.
  • the correlation between the at least one combustion parameter and the fuel-air ratio is taken into account at a further point in the method. In this way, detection of a fault condition is further improved. Overall, this improves the reliability of the method.
  • this additional fluid supply change largely opposing the fluid supply change, this has the advantage that the minimal increase in burner output and pollutant emissions caused by the fluid supply change is compensated.
  • a “largely opposite additional fluid supply change” is to be understood as a fluid supply change in which the fluid supply parameter is varied over time in such a way that the change in an average fluid supply rate caused by the fluid supply change is compensated.
  • an average amount of fluid supplied over the period of the fluid supply change and the additional fluid supply change largely corresponds to an average supplied fluid amount in an equally long period of time during the intended operation of the heating system without changes in the fluid supply rate shortly before the fluid supply changes are carried out.
  • the additional Fluid supply change implemented by a largely rectangular pulse with largely the same signal width and a relative signal level, the magnitude of which largely corresponds to the relative signal level of the first largely rectangular pulse of the fluid supply change and is negative.
  • “largely rectangular shape of the fluid supply change” is to be understood as a time course of the fluid supply parameter in which the fluid supply parameter initially has a normal value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly increased to a largely constant maximum supply value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly reduced to the normal value. This time course of the fluid supply parameter has the shape of a rectangular function to a good approximation. Such a time course of the fluid supply parameter is usually referred to as a square-wave signal.
  • the fluid supply parameter corresponds to a control signal for metering a fuel and / or the combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air
  • the at least one combustion parameter is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame of the heating system, this is particularly advantageous since there is a functional relationship between the ionization current on a flame and the fuel-air ratio, which can be evaluated particularly favorably.
  • the method is further improved when the burner output parameter is a fan speed or depends on it and / or a mass flow of combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and Combustion air is or depends on it and / or a volume flow of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air is or depends on this and / or a running time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air is or depends on this .
  • the fan speed can be determined easily and reliably and provides a good estimate of the burner output.
  • a mass flow and / or a volume flow of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air allow a particularly precise estimation of the burner output.
  • a running time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air can be determined particularly simply and inexpensively.
  • largely rectangular shape of the fluid supply change is to be understood as a time course of the fluid supply parameter in which the fluid supply parameter initially has a normal value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly increased to a largely constant maximum supply value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly reduced to the normal value.
  • This time course of the fluid supply parameter has the shape of a rectangular function to a good approximation.
  • Such a time course of the fluid supply parameter is usually referred to as a square-wave signal.
  • control unit for a heating system the control unit being set up to carry out the method according to the invention for checking a fuel-air ratio in a heating system, has the advantage that, by largely preventing an incorrect Adjusting the fuel-air ratio increases the durability of the heating system, prevents malfunctions and thus increases safety. In addition, the avoidance of unnecessary calibration processes reduces the wear and tear on the heating system.
  • a heating system with a control unit according to the invention with a metering device for a fuel and / or for combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, as well as with an ionization probe on a flame and with a fan with variable fan speed has the advantage that in Operation of the heating system an incorrect setting of the fuel-air ratio is largely prevented. In this way, unforeseen, heavy loads on the heating system due to, for example, too high burner temperatures and / or too high fan speeds and / or too high soot emissions and / or too strong vibrations are avoided. This enables the heating system to be manufactured inexpensively. In addition, the fuel consumption is reduced and the service life of the heating system is increased or the time interval between the required inspection intervals is reduced.
  • the heating system has at least one metering device for a fuel and / or for combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, a change in a fluid supply parameter over time can thus be generated particularly easily.
  • a "metering device” is to be understood as meaning, in particular, an, in particular electrical and / or electronic, unit, in particular actuator unit, advantageously actuating unit, which is provided to feed the at least one fluid, in particular the combustion air flow, the fuel flow and / or the mixture flow in particular from the combustion air and the fuel.
  • there is at least one doser for this provided to set, regulate and / or promote a volume flow and / or a mass flow, in particular the combustion air and / or the fuel.
  • the metering device for combustion air can advantageously be designed as a fan, in particular with a variable speed, and / or preferably as a blower, in particular with a variable speed.
  • the metering device for fuel can advantageously be designed as a, in particular throughput variable, fuel pump and / or preferably as, in particular throughput variable, fuel valve.
  • the metering device for combustion air and / or the metering device for fuel are provided to modulate a heating output of the heater device.
  • the heating system has an ionization probe on the flame of the heater, a particularly inexpensive and reliable sensor for measuring a combustion scan is implemented.
  • Ionization detectors are usually used in heating devices for flame detection.
  • the heating system has a fan with a variable fan speed, a simple and robust means for setting and determining the output of the heater is implemented in this way.
  • a heater 10 is shown schematically, which is arranged on a memory 12 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the heater 10 has a housing 14 which accommodates different components depending on the level of equipment.
  • the essential components are a heat cell 16, a control unit 18, one or more pumps 20 as well as piping 22, cables or bus lines 24 and holding means 26 in the heater 10.
  • the number and complexity of the individual components also depends on the degree of equipment of the heater 10.
  • the heat cell 16 has a burner 28, a heat exchanger 30, a fan 32, a metering device 34 and an air supply system 36, an exhaust system 38 and, when the heat cell 16 is in operation, a flame 40. Into the flame An ionization probe 42 protrudes 40.
  • the metering device 34 is designed as a fuel valve 44.
  • a fan speed 79 of the fan 32 is variably adjustable.
  • the heating device 10 and the memory 12 together form a heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 has a data memory 48, a computing unit 50 and a communication interface 52. The components of the heating system 46 can be controlled via the communication interface 52.
  • the communication interface 52 enables data to be exchanged with external devices. External devices are, for example, control devices, thermostats and / or devices with computer functionality, for example smartphones.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating system 46 with a control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 is located outside the housing 14 of the heater 10.
  • the external control unit 18 is designed in special variants as a room controller for the heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 is mobile.
  • the external control unit 18 has a communication link to the heating device 10 and / or other components of the heating system 46.
  • the communication connection can be wired and / or wireless, preferably a radio connection, particularly preferably via WLAN, Z-Wave, Bluetooth and / or ZigBee.
  • the control unit 18 can consist of several components, in particular components that are not physically connected.
  • At least one or more components of the control unit 18 can be partially or entirely in the form of software that is executed on internal or external devices, in particular on mobile computing units, for example smartphones and tablets, or servers, in particular a cloud.
  • the communication links are then corresponding software interfaces.
  • a fluid supply change 60 over time of a fluid supply parameter 62 is generated in a step 58.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is an intended opening width 64 of the metering device 34.
  • the opening width 64 is a percentage, with an opening width 64 of 0% corresponding to a completely closed fuel valve 44 and an opening width 64 of 100% describing a completely open fuel valve 44.
  • a relationship between the opening width 64 and a control signal required for this is stored in the control unit 18.
  • the intended opening width 64 is implemented by selecting the control signal and transmitting this control signal to the fuel valve 44 by the control unit 18.
  • the opening width 64 describes a request which is transmitted to the fuel valve 44.
  • the fluid supply change 60 is shown in FIG Figure 3 pictured.
  • the first axis of abscissa 66 represents a time.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is shown on the axis of ordinate 68.
  • the fluid supply change 60 runs in a largely rectangular pulse. Initially, the fluid supply parameter 62 has a normal supply value 70. Then the opening width 64 is increased to a maximum supply value 72 as quickly as possible. Thereafter, the opening width 64 is reduced to the normal supply value 70 as quickly as possible.
  • pulse height 74 is 15%.
  • One in Figure 3 the pulse width 76 shown is 120 ms.
  • the fluid supply change 60 is dependent on a burner output parameter 77.
  • the burner output parameter 77 is a fan speed 79.
  • the fan speed 79 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a fan control signal.
  • the fan control signal is sent from the control unit 18 to the fan 32 and determines a speed of the fan 32.
  • the pulse height 74 increases linearly with the fan speed 79. Between a minimal Fan speed and a maximum fan speed, the pulse height assumes 74 values in an interval between 10% and 20%.
  • the pulse width 76 increases linearly with the fan speed 79. Between a minimum fan speed and a maximum fan speed, the pulse width assumes 76 values in an interval between 50 ms and 200 ms.
  • the combustion parameter 78 is an ionization current 82.
  • the ionization current 82 is determined by the ionization probe 42 on the flame 40 and transmitted to the control unit 18. After the fluid supply change 60, the time profile of the ionization current 82 has the relative signal maximum 80.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is determined from the difference between the absolute signal maximum 84 and the ionization current normal value 86 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
  • the normal ionization current value 86 is determined in the exemplary embodiment in which the mean ionization current 82 measured over the pulse width 76 is determined.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is determined in that the ionization current 82 is measured over a determination time.
  • the largest value of the ionization current 82 occurring within the determination time is selected as the absolute signal maximum 84.
  • the determination time has the length of a time threshold 88 stored in the control unit 18.
  • the determination time begins at a first point in time 90 and ends at a second point in time 92 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
  • the time threshold 88 is 2 seconds. In variants, a time threshold 88 between 1 second and 5 seconds is selected.
  • a fault state 96 is determined if the relative signal maximum 80 falls below a signal lower limit 98.
  • the lower signal limit 98 is a constant stored in the control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 compares the relative signal maximum 80 with the signal lower limit 98. If the relative signal maximum 80 is less than the signal lower limit 98, an error state 96 is determined in which an error variable is set to the value 1.
  • the method 54 continues on path A (see FIG Figure 2 ). If the relative signal maximum 80 is greater than or equal to the lower signal limit 98, the error variable is set to the value 0 and the iteration of the method 54 is ended (path B in Figure 2 ).
  • step 100 the heating system 46 is calibrated.
  • the heating system 46 is run in a special operating mode in which the sensors and analytics, in particular the ionization probe 42 and the characteristic curves stored in the control unit 18 based on the ionization current 82, are reset and adjusted. In this way, the determination of the fuel-air ratio 56 is made more precise. If necessary, when calibrating the heating system 46 in step 100, the heating system 46 or the processes and / or methods running on the heating system 46 are at least partially reinitialized or restarted.
  • step 75 If no relative signal maximum 80 is determined in step 75, the method is continued on path D (see FIG Figure 2 ). In a step 101 a fault condition 96 is determined. The error variable is set to the value 1. The method 54 continues with step 100 and the heating system 46 is calibrated.
  • FIG. 9 shows a fluid supply change 60 following the change in the combustion parameter 78, which changes to the next iteration of the method 54 belongs.
  • a time interval between the iterations of the method 54 is selected depending on the operating state of the heating system 46 and on the external conditions. In the exemplary embodiment, the time interval is between 1 second and 20 seconds, preferably 2 seconds.
  • a fault status counter is stored in the control unit 18.
  • the deficiency counter is a variable which stores the number of defective conditions 96 detected in a specific time interval. If the defective state counter exceeds a critical defective state limit stored in the control unit 18, the heating system 46 is shut down for safety reasons. The defective state counter is decreased after the method 54 has been carried out without a defective state 96 being determined. In the exemplary embodiment, the heating system 46 is shut down after seven immediately successive determinations of a fault state 96.
  • the Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the principle of operation of the method 54.
  • a time is shown on a second abscissa axis 67.
  • the ionization current 82 is plotted on the ordinate axis 68.
  • the graphs of the ionization current 82 each show changes over time in the ionization current 82 which occur due to a change in fluid supply 60 over time in different measurements 102, 104, 106, 108 and 110.
  • the measurements are carried out at a constant fan speed 79.
  • Each of the measurements is carried out at a different fuel-air ratio 56 (marked in Figure 5 ).
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is calculated from an amount of air divided by an amount of fuel.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between the ionization current 82 and the fuel-air ratio 56 at a constant fan speed 79.
  • the ionization current 82 is plotted on the ordinate axis 68.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is shown on a third abscissa axis 69.
  • the course of the ionization current 82 has an ionization current maximum 112 at a fuel-air ratio 56 of 1 (measurement 104). With an increase or decrease in the fuel-air ratio 56 starting from the ionization current maximum 112, the ionization current 82 decreases, the magnitude of the slope increasing steadily.
  • the heating system 46 is preferably operated with a fuel-air ratio 56 of 1.3 (measurement 108), that is to say with an excess of air.
  • the method 54 ensures that the heating system 46 is operated with excess air. If the fuel-air ratio 56 is less than 1 or if the fuel-air ratio 56 is too close to the value 1, a fault condition 96 is determined.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 Due to the change in fluid supply 60, the fuel-air ratio 56 is reduced for a short time. If the fuel-air ratio 56 has the value 0.85 (measurement 102), the change in fluid supply 60 causes the ionization current 82 to decrease (see FIG Figure 4 ). The relative signal maximum 80 is thus largely 0. The signal falls below the lower limit 98 and a fault state 96 is determined. If the fuel-air ratio 56 has the value one (measurement 104), the change in fluid supply 60 causes the ionization current 82 to decrease slightly, since in this area the slope of the graph of the ionization current 82 is approximately 0 and changes only slightly. In measurement 106, the fuel-air ratio 56 has the value 1.15. There is an excess of air which is not sufficiently large.
  • the change in fluid supply 60 causes the ionization current 82 to rise.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is below the lower signal limit 98, since the amount of the slope of the graph of the ionization current 82 in the area of the fuel-air ratio 56 of the measurement 106 is too low. In measurements 108 and 110, the fuel-air ratio 56 is 1.3 and 1.45, respectively. The excess air is sufficient in each case.
  • the magnitude of the slope of the graph of the ionization current 82 is sufficiently large in the areas of measurements 108 and 110.
  • the fluid supply change 60 causes an increase in each case of the ionization current 82.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is in each case greater than the lower signal limit 98. In the measurements 108 and 110, no fault condition 96 is found.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is determined between the first point in time 90 and the second point in time 92.
  • the time threshold 88 is selected with the aid of laboratory tests in such a way that under all operating states and boundary conditions, in particular at all fan speeds 79, the position of the maximum of the ionization current 82 is always between the first point in time 90 and the second point in time 92. In alternative variants with a smaller time threshold 88, the maximum of the ionization current 82 can occur after the second point in time 92.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 determined in step 75 is then possibly smaller than the actual maximum of the ionization current 82, in particular with a low output of the heating system 46 or with low fan speeds 79. In preferred variants, this is achieved by a corresponding adaptation, in particular lowering the signal lower limit 98 , in particular as a function of the burner output parameter 77.
  • the change over time of at least one combustion parameter 78 is determined by detecting the occurrence of a pulse in the course of the at least one combustion parameter 78 over time.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is determined as the maximum value of the detected pulse.
  • the control unit 18 checks whether, after the fluid supply change 60, the combustion parameter 78 increases beyond signal noise.
  • the relative signal maximum 80 is the maximum combustion parameter 78 in the time range in which the combustion parameter 78 increases beyond signal noise.
  • the detection of the pulse in the time course of the at least one combustion parameter 78 is ended if the determination time the time threshold exceeds 88 and no pulse could be detected. Then no relative signal maximum 80 can be determined and the method 54 is continued on the path D.
  • step 75 is ended as soon as the measured combustion parameter 78 exceeds the lower signal limit 98. Then the value of the relative signal maximum 80 is determined on the basis of the combustion parameter 78 which was last measured and which exceeded the lower signal limit 98. The process then continues with path C. If in step 75 the measured combustion parameter 78 does not reach the signal lower limit 98 within the time threshold 88, the method is continued with path C.
  • the time threshold 88 is a function of the burner output parameter 77.
  • the time threshold 88 is preferably increased when the output of the heating system 46 is reduced.
  • the lower signal limit 98 is selected as a function of the fan speed 79.
  • the control unit 18 determines a relative lower signal limit 114 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
  • the relative lower signal limit 114 is proportional to the negative fan speed 79. In this way, the higher signal noise of the ionization current 82 at low fan speeds 79 is taken into account.
  • the relative lower signal limit 114 is 1 ⁇ A for the maximum fan speed 79 and 10 ⁇ A for the minimum fan speed 79.
  • a relative lower signal limit 114 between 3 ⁇ A and 7 ⁇ A is selected in control mode.
  • the signal lower limit 98 is determined from the sum of the relative signal lower limit 114 and the ionization current normal value 86.
  • the ionization current normal value 86 increases during regular operation of the heating system 46 Values between 10 ⁇ A and 100 ⁇ A, especially between 30 ⁇ A and 60 ⁇ A.
  • the choice of the dependence of the lower signal limit 98 on the fan speed 79 or the burner output parameter 77 is based on the technical properties of the heating system 46, in particular the dependence of the signal noise of the ionization current 82 or the combustion parameter 78 on the burner output parameter 77.
  • the relative lower signal limit 114 is constant.
  • the relative lower signal limit is proportional to the burner power parameter 77.
  • the functional dependence of the relative lower signal limit 114 on the burner power parameter 77 is largely proportional to the functional dependence of a strength of the signal noise of the ionization current 82 on the burner power parameter 77.
  • an additional fluid supply change 118 is generated in an additional step 116.
  • the additional fluid supply change 118 is largely opposite to the fluid supply change 60.
  • the mean fluid supply parameter 62 over a period of the fluid supply change 60 and the additional fluid supply change 118 largely corresponds to the normal supply value 70.
  • the graph of the time course of the fluid supply parameter 62 of the additional fluid supply change 118 resembles the graph of the normal supply value 70 mirrored and shifted over time Temporal course of the fluid supply parameter 62 of the fluid supply change 60.
  • step 116 can be carried out at any point in method 54.
  • step 116 is carried out after step 75 and before step 94 on path C or after step 75 and before step 101 on path D.
  • the step 116 is positioned such that the additional fluid supply change 118 corresponds to the fluid supply change 60 correlated change in the combustion parameter 78 is not influenced.
  • Step 116 is preferably carried out after step 58, particularly preferably after step 75.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is an opening width 64 of the fuel valve 44. Using the provided opening width 64, the control unit 18 determines and transmits a control signal to the fuel valve 44.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a control signal to the fuel valve 44 or a scalar value that can be derived from the control signal.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 corresponds to a control signal for metering a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and a combustion air.
  • the control signal sent by the control unit 18 is composed of at least one control command to at least one metering device 34.
  • the at least one metering device 34 is at least one fuel valve 44 and / or at least one blower 32.
  • a metering value of the metering device 34 is measured and used as the fluid supply parameter 62.
  • Dosage value is to be understood as a characteristic value which describes the state of the dosing device 34 and which allows conclusions to be drawn about the amount of substance supplied and / or allowed through by the dosing device 34.
  • An example of a dosage value is a measured opening width of the fuel valve 44 and / or a measured fuel flow.
  • the combustion parameter 78 is an ionization current 82.
  • the ionization current 82 is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame 40 of the heating system 46.
  • the ionization current 82 is determined by the ionization probe 42 and transmitted to the control unit 18.
  • the combustion parameter 78 is one Light intensity, a lambda value, pollutant emissions and / or a temperature.
  • the light intensity at the flame 40 is determined by a photodiode.
  • the lambda value is measured with a lambda probe in an exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust system 38 has the lambda probe.
  • the pollutant emission is determined by a sensor device which is located on the flame 40 and / or in the exhaust system 38.
  • the temperature is determined by a contact thermometer and / or a non-contact thermometer, in particular a pyrometer. The thermometer can be located in the exhaust system 38 and / or measure the flame 40.
  • the burner output parameter 77 is the fan speed 79.
  • the fan speed 79 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a fan control signal.
  • the burner output parameter 77 is a measured fan speed and / or a temperature and / or an air flow rate and / or a flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the air flow rate or the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture can be determined as a volume flow or as a mass flow.
  • the burner output parameter 77 is a running time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air.
  • a running time is determined as the time difference between the fluid supply change 60 and the time change in the combustion parameter 78 correlated with the fluid supply change 60.
  • the running time corresponds to the time which the mixture of fuel and combustion air needs to get from the fuel valve 44 to the ionization probe 42.
  • the running time is a measure of the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the fluid supply change 60 has a largely rectangular shape. In alternative embodiments, the fluid supply change 60 has largely the shape of a ramp and / or largely a triangular shape and / or largely the shape of a sinus and / or largely a Gaussian shape.
  • the change in a concentration of the fuel in the burner 28 resulting from the fluid supply change 60 generally has a different form than the fluid supply change 60.
  • the fluid supply change 60 depends on the burner output parameter 77.
  • the pulse height 74 and pulse width 76 each depend linearly on the fan speed 79. In this way, it is ensured that the heating system 46 is not disturbed too much in its regular operation by the fluid supply change 60.
  • the fluid supply change 60 has a functional relationship with the burner output parameter 77.
  • the functional relationship is selected so that good detection of the relative signal maximum 80 is possible, taking into account the technical properties of the heating system 46. If, for example, resonances occur at certain fan speeds 79, which increase the signal noise of the ionization stream 82, then at these fan speeds 79 the fluid supply change 60 is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46), qui comprend les étapes suivantes :
    • la génération d'une modification d'apport de fluide temporelle provisoire (60) d'une caractéristique d'apport de fluide (62),
    • l'essai de détermination d'un maximum de signal relatif (80) d'une modification temporelle d'au moins une caractéristique de combustion (78) corrélée avec la modification d'apport de fluide temporelle (60),
    • l'établissement d'un état de défaillance (96) si le maximum de signal relatif (80) passe en dessous d'une limite inférieure de signal (98) si un maximum de signal relatif (80) a été déterminé,
    • la calibration du système de chauffage (46) si un état de défaillance (96) est établi,
    caractérisé en ce que la modification d'apport de fluide (60) est choisie en fonction d'un paramètre de puissance de brûleur (77) et dans lequel la puissance du système de chauffage (46) peut être déterminée à partir du paramètre de puissance de brûleur (77).
  2. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un état de défaillance (96) est établi si aucun maximum de signal relatif (80) n'a été déterminé.
  3. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la limite inférieure de signal (98) est choisie en fonction du paramètre de puissance de brûleur (77).
  4. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle et d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans une étape supplémentaire, une modification d'apport de fluide temporelle provisoire supplémentaire (118) est générée, cette modification d'apport de fluide supplémentaire (118) étant essentiellement opposée à la modification d'apport de fluide (60).
  5. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la caractéristique d'apport de fluide (62) correspond à un signal de commande pour le dosage d'un combustible et/ou d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion.
  6. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle et d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une caractéristique de combustion (78) est déterminée par une mesure de courant d'ionisation au niveau d'une flamme (40) du système de chauffage (46).
  7. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le paramètre de puissance de brûleur (77) est une vitesse de rotation de ventilateur (79) ou dépend de celle-ci et/ou est un flux massique d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci et/ou est un flux volumique d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci et/ou est un temps de parcours d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci.
  8. Procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que que la modification d'apport de fluide temporelle (60) présente une forme au moins essentiellement rectangulaire.
  9. Unité de commande (18) pour un système de chauffage (46), l'unité de commande (18) étant conçue de telle sorte qu'un procédé (54) pour le contrôle d'un rapport combustible-air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes puisse être réalisé.
  10. Système de chauffage (46) muni d'une unité de commande (18) selon la revendication 9, muni d'au moins un doseur (34) pour un combustible et/ou pour de l'air de combustion et/ou pour un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion, ainsi que muni d'une sonde d'ionisation (42) au niveau d'une flamme (40) et muni d'un ventilateur (32) ayant une vitesse de rotation de ventilateur variable (79).
EP17185688.3A 2016-09-02 2017-08-10 Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage Active EP3290796B1 (fr)

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DE102019204513A1 (de) * 2019-03-29 2020-10-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Einstellung und Regelung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses in einem Heizsystem sowie eine Steuereinheit und ein Heizsystem
DE102022100488A1 (de) 2022-01-11 2023-07-13 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines flammenbildenden Heizgerätes einer Heizungsanlage, Computerprogramm, Speichermedium, Regel- und Steuergerät, Heizgerät und Verwendung einer Durchflussrate einer Heizungsanlage und eines Ionisationssignals eines Heizgerätes

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EP0770824A2 (fr) * 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
DE19831648A1 (de) * 1998-07-15 2000-01-27 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur funktionalen Adaption einer Regelelektronik an ein Gasgerät
EP3156729A2 (fr) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-19 MHG Heiztechnik GmbH Méthode de recalibration d'un brûleur pour carburant liquide

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EP1479984A1 (fr) * 2003-01-30 2004-11-24 Vaillant GmbH Procédé et apparail pour l'identification préventive d'érreurs avec dispositif regé électroniquement
DE102006053992B4 (de) * 2006-11-16 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Gasvormischbrenners
DE102010055567B4 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0770824A2 (fr) * 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
DE19831648A1 (de) * 1998-07-15 2000-01-27 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur funktionalen Adaption einer Regelelektronik an ein Gasgerät
EP3156729A2 (fr) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-19 MHG Heiztechnik GmbH Méthode de recalibration d'un brûleur pour carburant liquide

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