EP3290798B1 - Procédé de réglage et de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage ainsi qu'unité de commande et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de réglage et de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage ainsi qu'unité de commande et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3290798B1
EP3290798B1 EP17187858.0A EP17187858A EP3290798B1 EP 3290798 B1 EP3290798 B1 EP 3290798B1 EP 17187858 A EP17187858 A EP 17187858A EP 3290798 B1 EP3290798 B1 EP 3290798B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
heating system
fluid supply
combustion
change
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EP17187858.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3290798A1 (fr
Inventor
Ab Snijder
Jan Koudijs
Jan Westra
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102017204003.3A external-priority patent/DE102017204003A1/de
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Publication of EP3290798A1 publication Critical patent/EP3290798A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for setting and regulating a fuel-air ratio in a heating system.
  • the invention also relates to a control unit which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention and to a heating system with the control unit according to the invention.
  • the gas burner is regulated on the basis of a combustion parameter measured by a sensor system, in which this combustion parameter is matched to a target combustion parameter.
  • the correct functioning of the sensors used to determine the combustion parameter must be guaranteed.
  • Gas burners are known from the prior art, which for this purpose execute methods for calibrating the corresponding sensors.
  • the target combustion parameter is adapted to changing internal and / or external conditions.
  • the gas burner is largely operated over its entire power range. This has the disadvantage that more pollutants can be emitted during such a calibration.
  • the duration of such a calibration is in the range from several seconds to minutes. That has the added bonus Disadvantage that during this time the gas burner is not available for normal operation.
  • Prior art calibration methods are disclosed in US Pat EP0770824 and the EP1750058 known.
  • Heating system is understood to mean at least one device for generating thermal energy, in particular a heating device or heating burner, in particular for use in a building heating system and / or for generating hot water, preferably by burning a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • a heating system can also consist of several such devices for generating thermal energy and other devices that support heating, such as hot water and fuel storage tanks.
  • a "fluid supply parameter" is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with at least one fluid, in particular a combustion air flow, a fuel flow and / or a mixed flow, in particular consisting of a combustion air and a fuel, that is fed to a burner unit of the heating system .
  • a volume flow and / or a mass flow of the at least one fluid are closed and / or the volume flow and / or the mass flow of the at least one fluid are determined.
  • An example of a fluid supply parameter is the specification of an opening width of a fuel valve.
  • a “temporary, temporal change in fluid supply” is to be understood as a temporally restricted variation in the fluid supply parameter, so that it deviates from the value of the fluid supply parameter before the fluid supply change begins.
  • the fluid supply parameter is preferably increased or decreased over the period of the fluid supply change.
  • the fluid supply parameter is first monotonically increased and then monotonically decreased, or first monotonically decreased and then monotonically increased.
  • the duration of the fluid supply change is preferably pulse-like and short compared to the time variations of the fluid supply parameter provided in normal operation of the heating system.
  • a “pulse”, a “pulse-like change” or a “pulse-shaped signal” is to be understood as a characteristic of a characteristic which is brought from a first value to at least a second value different from the first value within a limited period of time.
  • a “pulse” is sometimes referred to as an "impulse", especially in electrical engineering.
  • combustion parameter is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with the combustion, in particular the mixture, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel.
  • An example of a combustion parameter is an ionization current, which is measured on a flame of the heating system.
  • at least the combustion parameter can be used to infer the presence and / or quality of the combustion and / or the presence and / or the quality of the combustion can be determined.
  • a measure for the quality of the combustion can be clearly assigned on the basis of the combustion parameter at least in partial intervals and at least in certain operating states of the heating system.
  • the combustion parameter advantageously corresponds to at least one or exactly one measured value that depicts and / or characterizes the combustion, such as a combustion signal, in particular light intensity, pollutant emissions, temperature and / or advantageously an ionization signal, or the combustion parameter can be clearly assigned to such a measured value
  • a combustion signal in particular light intensity, pollutant emissions, temperature and / or advantageously an ionization signal, or the combustion parameter can be clearly assigned to such a measured value
  • a "signal maximum” is to be understood as the maximum amplitude of the combustion parameter in a period of time that is correlated with the change in the fluid supply parameter over time.
  • a signal maximum is in particular the maximum amplitude of a pulse of the fluid supply parameter.
  • combustion parameter maximum should be understood to mean a maximum possible value of the combustion parameter with a constant burner output parameter in at least certain operating states of the heating system.
  • the combustion parameter maximum can advantageously be assigned unambiguously to a well-defined value of the fuel-air ratio.
  • a combustion parameter maximum is a maximum possible value of the combustion parameter with a constant burner output parameter.
  • Burner output parameter is to be understood in particular as a parameter which is correlated with the output, in particular a heating output, of the heating system.
  • the power, in particular the heating power, of the heating system can advantageously be determined, in particular by the control and / or regulating unit of the heating system, at least on the basis of the burner power parameter.
  • Burner output parameters at least one or exactly one measured value representing the output or can be clearly assigned to such a measured value.
  • Such a measured value can be, for example, a temperature, an air flow rate, a fan control signal or a fan speed.
  • An "attempt" to determine a signal maximum of a temporal change in at least one combustion parameter correlated with the temporal fluid supply change is to be understood as a method step in which a signal maximum of a temporal change in at least one combustion parameter correlated with the temporal fluid supply change is measured or determined .
  • different following steps can optionally be selected in the further course of the method, if this is necessary and / or desired.
  • Control of the heating system means the one-time or repeated, in particular periodic, setting of operating parameters of the heating system so that the heating system can always fulfill the specified and / or requested performance to the full extent, especially under changing internal and external conditions, in particular with Wear processes and changing boundary and environmental conditions.
  • Operating parameters are to be understood as parameters that are used by the control of the heating system to control and monitor processes taking place in the heating system. Examples of “operating parameters” are the fan speed or the fan speed characteristic, a flame ionization characteristic or an opening width of a fuel control valve.
  • Setpoint combustion parameter is to be understood in particular as a scalar parameter which describes the desired size of the combustion parameter. If the combustion parameter assumes the value of the set combustion parameter, the combustion has the intended properties, in particular with regard to pollutant emissions. With “regulating the heating system on the basis of the nominal combustion parameter” is meant an operation of the heating system in which the operating parameters are set so that the combustion parameter largely assumes the value of the nominal combustion parameter.
  • the heating system is regulated on the basis of a standard combustion parameter, if no signal maximum has been determined, this has the advantage that the heating system remains functional even with a signal maximum that cannot be determined. This will ensure the reliability of the heating system.
  • the change in fluid supply is selected as a function of a burner output parameter, this enables the required change in the fluid supply parameter to be precisely adapted in order to assume the combustion parameter maximum at least twice. In this way, the required fluid supply change can be minimized, so that the required amount of fluid, preferably fuel, is saved and so emissions are reduced.
  • this additional fluid supply change opposing the fluid supply change, this has the advantage that the additional heating power and the additional emissions caused by the fluid supply change are compensated.
  • the fluid supply parameter has the value provided in regular operation.
  • the change over time of the at least one combustion parameter has a double peak structure.
  • This has the advantage that it is reliably verified whether the signal maximum corresponds to the maximum combustion parameter.
  • "Double peak structure" is to be understood as a time course of the combustion parameter in a period of time correlated with the time change in the fluid supply parameter, which has at least two maxima, possibly with largely the same amplitude.
  • the fluid supply change is increased in the next steps in order to enable the detection of a double peak structure in the further course of the method.
  • the target combustion parameter is determined by forming the product of the signal maximum with a calibration factor, a particularly simple and reliable method for determining the target combustion parameter is implemented. In addition, in this way, all relevant influences on the combustion are automatically taken into account when selecting the target combustion parameter which have an influence on the combustion parameter maximum. This saves the need for additional sensors to take these influences into account.
  • the fluid supply parameter corresponds to a control signal for metering a fuel and / or the combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air
  • the at least one combustion parameter is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame of the heating system, this is particularly advantageous since there is a functional relationship between the ionization current on a flame and the fuel-air ratio, which can be evaluated particularly favorably.
  • the ionization stream has a combustion parameter maximum which is at a fuel-air ratio of 1.
  • the burner output parameter is a fan speed or depends on it and / or a mass flow of combustion air and / or a mixture of fuel and combustion air is or depends on this and / or a volume flow of combustion air and / or a mixture is composed of a fuel and combustion air or depends on this and / or a running time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air is or depends on this.
  • the fan speed can be determined easily and reliably and provides a good estimate of the burner output.
  • a mass flow and / or a volume flow of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air allow a particularly precise estimation of the burner output.
  • a running time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air can be determined particularly simply and inexpensively.
  • largely rectangular shape of the fluid supply change is to be understood as a time course of the fluid supply parameter in which the fluid supply parameter initially has a normal value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly increased to a largely constant maximum supply value. The fluid supply parameter is then quickly reduced to the normal value.
  • This time course of the fluid supply parameter has the shape of a rectangular function to a good approximation.
  • Such a time course of the fluid supply parameter is usually referred to as a square-wave signal.
  • control unit for a heating system the control unit being set up to carry out the method according to the invention for checking and regulating a fuel-air ratio in a heating system, has the advantage that, by operating the heating system with the correct setting of the fuel Air ratio, the durability of the heating system is increased, malfunctions are avoided and thus safety is increased.
  • a heating system with a control unit according to the invention with a metering device for a fuel and / or for combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, as well as with an ionization probe on a flame and with a fan with variable fan speed has the advantage that in Operation of the heating system an incorrect setting of the fuel-air ratio is largely prevented. In this way, unforeseen, heavy loads on the heating system due to, for example, too high burner temperatures and / or too high fan speeds and / or too high soot emissions and / or too strong vibrations are avoided. This enables the heating system to be manufactured inexpensively. In addition, the fuel consumption is reduced and the service life of the heating system is increased or the time interval between the required inspection intervals is reduced.
  • the heating system has at least one metering device for a fuel and / or for combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, a change in a fluid supply parameter over time can thus be generated particularly easily.
  • a “metering device” is to be understood as meaning in particular an, in particular electrical and / or electronic, unit, in particular actuator unit, advantageously actuating unit, which is provided to feed the at least one fluid, in particular the combustion air flow, the fuel flow and / or to influence the mixture flow, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel.
  • the at least one metering device is provided to set, regulate and / or promote a volume flow and / or a mass flow, in particular the combustion air and / or the fuel.
  • the metering device for combustion air can advantageously be designed as a fan, in particular with a variable speed, and / or preferably as a blower, in particular with a variable speed.
  • the metering device for fuel can advantageously be designed as a, in particular throughput variable, fuel pump and / or preferably as, in particular throughput variable, fuel valve.
  • the metering device for combustion air and / or the metering device for fuel are provided to modulate a heating output of the heater device.
  • the heating system has an ionization probe on the flame of the heater, a particularly inexpensive and reliable sensor for measuring a combustion parameter is implemented.
  • Ionization detectors are usually used in heating devices for flame detection.
  • the heating system has a fan with a variable fan speed, a simple and robust means for setting and determining the output of the heater can be implemented in this way.
  • a heater 10 is shown schematically, which is arranged on a memory 12 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the heater 10 has a housing 14 which accommodates different components depending on the level of equipment.
  • the essential components are a heat cell 16, a control unit 18, one or more pumps 20 as well as piping 22, cables or bus lines 24 and holding means 26 in the heater 10.
  • the number and complexity of the individual components also depends on the degree of equipment of the heater 10.
  • the heat cell 16 has a burner 28, a heat exchanger 30, a fan 32, a metering device 34 and an air supply system 36, an exhaust system 38 and, when the heat cell 16 is in operation, a flame 40.
  • An ionization probe 42 protrudes into the flame 40.
  • the metering device 34 is designed as a fuel valve 44.
  • a fan speed 80 of the fan 32 is variably adjustable.
  • the heating device 10 and the memory 12 together form a heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 has a data memory 48, a computing unit 50 and a communication interface 52. The components of the heating system 46 can be controlled via the communication interface 52.
  • the communication interface 52 enables data to be exchanged with external devices. External devices are, for example, control devices, thermostats and / or devices with computer functionality, for example smartphones.
  • Figure 1 shows a heating system 46 with a control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 is located outside the housing 14 of the heater 10.
  • the external control unit 18 is designed in special variants as a room controller for the heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 is mobile.
  • the external control unit 18 has a communication link to the heating device 10 and / or other components of the heating system 46.
  • the communication connection can be wired and / or wireless, preferably a radio connection, particularly preferably via WLAN, Z-Wave, Bluetooth and / or ZigBee.
  • the control unit 18 can consist of several components, in particular components that are not physically connected.
  • At least one or more components of the control unit 18 can be partially or entirely in the form of software that is executed on internal or external devices, in particular on mobile computing units, for example smartphones and tablets, or servers, in particular a cloud.
  • the communication links are then corresponding software interfaces.
  • FIG. 2 the method 54 according to the invention for checking and regulating a fuel-air ratio 56 in a heating system 46 is shown.
  • a fluid supply change 60 over time of a fluid supply parameter 62 is generated in a step 58.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a control signal 64 to the doser 34 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
  • the control signal 64 is characterized by an indication of a current strength.
  • the control signal 64 is sent to the fuel valve 44 by the control unit 18. A relationship between a fuel flow that has passed through the fuel valve 44 and a control signal 64 required for this is stored in the control unit 18.
  • the fluid supply change 60 in the exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG Figure 3 pictured.
  • the first axis of abscissa 66 represents a time.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is shown on the first axis of ordinate 68.
  • the fluid supply change 60 runs in a largely rectangular pulse.
  • the control signal 64 has a largely constant normal supply value 70.
  • the control signal 64 is then increased to a maximum supply value 72 as quickly as possible.
  • the control signal 64 is then reduced to the normal value 70 as quickly as possible.
  • One in Figure 3 pulse height 74 shown is 65 mA.
  • One in Figure 3 the pulse width 76 shown is 40 ms.
  • the fluid supply change 60 is selected in step 58 as a function of a burner output parameter 78.
  • the burner output parameter 78 is a fan speed 80 (see Figure 2 ).
  • the fan speed 80 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a fan control signal.
  • the fan control signal is sent from the control unit 18 to the fan 32 and determines a speed of the fan 32.
  • the pulse height 74 is selected in the exemplary embodiment as a function of the fan speed 80.
  • the pulse height 74 increases linearly with the Fan speed 80 on. Between a minimum fan speed and a maximum fan speed, the pulse height assumes 74 values in an interval between 10 mA and 1000 mA.
  • the pulse height 74 preferably assumes values between 40 mA and 100 mA.
  • the pulse width 76 is selected as a function of the fan speed 80. The pulse width 76 increases linearly with the fan speed 80. Between a minimum fan speed and a maximum fan speed, the pulse width assumes 76 values in an interval between 1 ms and 2000 ms. During regular operation of the heating system 46, the pulse width 76 assumes values between 10 ms and 200 ms, preferably 100 ms.
  • a signal maximum 84 of a temporal change of a combustion parameter 86 that is correlated with the temporal change in fluid supply 60 is an ionization flow 88 (see Figure 3 ).
  • the ionization current 88 is determined by the ionization probe 42 at the flame 40 and transmitted to the control unit 18. After the change in fluid supply 60, the time profile of the ionization current 88 has the signal maximum 84. In the exemplary embodiment, the signal maximum 84 from the ionization current 88 is assumed twice.
  • the signal maximum 84 is determined in the exemplary embodiment in that the control unit 18 checks whether the ionization current 88 increases more than signal noise above the ionization current normal value 90.
  • the normal ionization current value 90 is determined in the exemplary embodiment in which the mean ionization current 88 measured over the duration of the pulse width 76 is determined.
  • the ionization current normal value 90 is determined in which the mean ionization current 88 between the fluid supply change 60 and the temporal change of the at least one combustion parameter correlated with the temporal fluid supply change 60 86 is determined.
  • a value of the ionization current 88 which was recorded before the temporal change of the at least one combustion parameter 86 correlated with the temporal change in fluid supply 60, for example at the beginning of the fluid supply change 60, is used as the normal ionization current value 90.
  • the signal maximum 84 is assumed by the ionization current 88 twice.
  • the signal maximum 84 corresponds to a combustion characteristic maximum 92.
  • the reason for this is the configuration of the fluid supply change 60 and the relationship between the ionization flow 88 and the fuel-air ratio 56.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is calculated from an air volume divided by a fuel volume in a mixture of the fuel and the combustion air, which is fed to the burner 28.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the relationship between the ionization flow 88 and the fuel-air ratio 56 at a constant fan speed 80.
  • the ionization flow 88 is plotted on the first axis of ordinate 68.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is shown on a second abscissa axis 94.
  • the course of the ionization current 88 has a combustion characteristic maximum 92 with a fuel-air ratio 56 of 1 (measurement 98).
  • the heating system 46 is preferably operated with an excess of air, that is to say with a fuel-air ratio 56 greater than 1.
  • the heating system 46 is particularly preferably operated with a fuel-air ratio 56 between 1.2 and 1.4, preferably 1.3 (measurement 102).
  • Procedure 54 ensures that the heating system 46 is operated with a predetermined fuel-air ratio 56.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is reduced for a short time. If the fuel-air ratio 56 is greater than 1, the fuel-air ratio 56 is reduced to a value less than 1 by increasing the fluid supply parameter 62 to the maximum supply value 72. The subsequent lowering of the fluid supply parameter 62 to the normal value 70 causes the fuel-air ratio 56 to rise to the original value greater than 1. In this way, as a result of the fluid supply change 60, the fuel-air ratio 56 assumes the value 1 twice.
  • the ionization current 88 assumes the combustion parameter maximum 92 twice.
  • the ionization current 88 has two local maxima, which represents a double peak structure 106 (see FIG Figure 3 ).
  • the lowering of the fuel-air ratio 56 to a value less than 1 is ensured in that a sufficiently large fluid supply change 60 is selected for each burner output parameter 78 by laboratory tests, so that this fluid supply change 60 always occurs as a result of this fluid supply change 60 in all operating states and under largely all environmental conditions the fuel-air ratio 56 is reduced to below 1, in particular when the fuel-air ratio 56 is greater than 1, in particular when the fuel-air ratio 56 is greater than 1.3.
  • the relationships between the required pulse height 74 or the required pulse width 76 are stored in the control unit 18 as a function of the fan speed 80.
  • the signal maximum 84 is determined by the control unit 18 in that the maximum ionization current 88 is determined in a period of time that is correlated with the change in the ionization current 88 over time.
  • the one with The period of time correlated with the temporal change in the ionization current 88 is determined by the fact that this begins with a first deviation of the ionization current 88 from the ionization current normal value 90 beyond signal noise and ends with a return of the ionization current 88 to the ionization current normal value 90 within the limits of the signal noise. If a period of time correlated with the change in ionization current 88 over time cannot be determined within a determination time, no signal maximum 84 can be determined.
  • the determination time has the length of a time threshold stored in the control unit 18.
  • the determination time begins with the fluid supply change 60.
  • the determination time begins with the end of the fluid supply change 60 or with the end of a time delay after the fluid supply change 60.
  • the time delay takes into account a flow duration of the fluid from the doser 34 to the burner 28. In the exemplary embodiment, this is Time threshold 2 seconds. In variants, a time threshold between 1 second and 5 seconds is selected.
  • the signal maximum 84 is determined in which the control unit 18 identifies the two maxima of the double-peak structure 106. The signal maximum 84 results from the arithmetic mean of the two maxima of the double-peak structure 106.
  • the signal maximum 84 is determined by measuring the ionization current 88 over the determination time. If the ionization current 88 assumes a value greater than the normal ionization current value 90 over the determination time beyond signal noise, the greatest value of the ionization current 88 over the determination time is selected as the signal maximum 84. If the ionization current 88 does not take on a value greater than the normal ionization current value 90 beyond signal noise during the determination time, no signal maximum 84 can be determined.
  • a target combustion parameter 110 is determined based on the signal maximum 84 if a signal maximum 84 was determined in step 82 (path A in Figure 2 ).
  • the nominal combustion parameter 110 is determined as the product of the signal maximum 84 and a calibration factor 112.
  • the calibration factor 112 is a value between 0 and 1 stored in the control unit 18.
  • the calibration factor 112 is 0.75.
  • the calibration factor 112 takes values between 0.6 and 0.9.
  • the calibration factor 112 is dependent on the burner output parameter 78.
  • the heating system 46 is regulated on the basis of the target combustion parameter 110 determined in step 108 if a signal maximum 84 was determined in step 82.
  • the nominal combustion parameter 110 is stored in the data memory 48 of the control unit 18.
  • a flame ionization characteristic curve stored in the control unit 18 is updated.
  • the flame ionization characteristic describes the relationship between the burner output parameter 78 and the target combustion parameter 110.
  • the control unit 18 assigns the target combustion parameter 110 to a predetermined burner output parameter 78 with the aid of the flame ionization characteristic.
  • the flame ionization characteristic is determined empirically and is stored in the control unit 18. In the exemplary embodiment, the flame ionization characteristic is updated by method 54 if this is necessary.
  • the heating system 46 is controlled without using a flame ionization curve.
  • the regulation of the heating system 46 is based solely on the target combustion parameter 110 determined in step 108.
  • the normal value 70 of the control signal 64 is selected by the control unit 18 or transmitted to the fuel valve 44 in such a way that the ionization flow 88 assumes the value of the setpoint combustion parameter 110.
  • a closed control loop is used in the exemplary embodiment, the ionization current 88 being a controlled variable, the control signal 64 being a manipulated variable and the set combustion parameter 110 being a reference variable. In this way, the intended fuel-air ratio 56 is achieved.
  • different flame ionization characteristics are stored in the control unit 18 for different desired fuel-air ratios 56.
  • a first error response 116 and a step 115 are carried out.
  • a first error counter variable stored in the control unit 18 is increased by 1. If the first error counting variable exceeds a maximum value, the method 54 is ended, the heating system 46 is shut down and an error message is output.
  • the maximum value has the value 7. In alternative embodiments, the maximum value assumes values between 1 and 10. If a signal maximum 84 is determined in step 82, the error count variable is decreased by 1 if its value is greater than 0. In variants, the first error count variable is set to the value 0 if a signal maximum 84 is determined in step 82.
  • step 115 the heating system 46 is regulated on the basis of a standard combustion parameter 117.
  • the standard combustion parameter 117 is stored in the control unit 18 on the basis of the burner output parameter 78 Flame ionization characteristic determined.
  • the position of steps 116 and 115 can be swapped.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is 1.45.
  • the target combustion parameter 110 stored in the control unit 18 is too low.
  • a comparison ionization stream 122 is shown as a dashed line in FIG Figure 5 which corresponds to the course of the ionization current 88 from measurement 102.
  • the target combustion parameter 110 newly determined by the method 54 is greater than the ionization current normal value 90.
  • the control signal 64 is increased so that the fuel valve 44 opens further.
  • the ionization current normal value 90 increases.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is 1.15.
  • the target combustion parameter 110 newly determined by the method 54 is smaller than the ionization current normal value 90.
  • the control signal 64 is reduced so that the fuel valve 44 reduces its passage.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 has the value 1.
  • the ionization current 88 falls.
  • the method 54 cannot determine a signal maximum 84.
  • the first error response 116 is carried out.
  • the heating system 46 is shut down.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 has the value 0.85.
  • the change in fluid supply 60 causes the ionization current 88 to drop. This means that no signal maximum 84 can be determined and the first error response 116 is carried out, and the heating system 46 is shut down.
  • a signal minimum is additionally determined in step 82. This is determined in a manner analogous to the determination of the signal maximum 84 via a lowering of the ionization current 88 that can be distinguished sufficiently from the signal noise. If the signal minimum is large enough or if the distance between the signal minimum and the ionization current normal value 90 falls below a maximum deviation value stored in the control unit 18, then the signal maximum 84 is set to the value of the ionization current normal value 90. If the distance between the signal minimum and the ionization current normal value 90 is small enough, the ionization current normal value 90 largely corresponds to the combustion parameter maximum 92.
  • FIG. 8 shows a fluid supply change 60 following the change in ionization current 88, which change belongs to a next iteration of method 54.
  • a time interval between the iterations of the method 54 is selected depending on the operating state of the heating system 46 and on the external conditions. In the exemplary embodiment, the time interval is between 1 second and 20 seconds, preferably 2 seconds.
  • the change in fluid supply 60 is selected as a function of the fan speed 80.
  • the pulse height 74 and the pulse width 76 depend in each case linearly from the fan speed 80.
  • a fluid supply change characteristic curve is stored in the control unit 18, which assigns a fluid supply change 60 to the burner output parameter 78.
  • the fluid supply change characteristic is defined at least at intervals of the parameter range of the burner output parameter 78.
  • the fluid supply change characteristic is determined by laboratory tests and is selected in such a way that the fluid supply change 60 selected on the basis of the fluid supply change characteristic always reduces the fuel-air ratio 56 to below 1 in all operating states and under largely all environmental conditions, in particular when the fuel-air ratio is present 56 greater than 1, in particular with an existing fuel-air ratio 56 greater than 1.3.
  • an additional fluid supply change 126 is generated in an additional step 124.
  • the additional fluid supply change 126 is largely opposite to the fluid supply change 60.
  • the mean fluid supply parameter 62 over a period of time which includes the fluid supply change 60 and the additional fluid supply change 126 largely corresponds to the normal supply value 72.
  • the graph of the temporal course of the fluid supply parameter 62 of the additional fluid supply change 126 largely resembles that reflected in the normal supply value 72 Time-shifted graphs of the time course of the fluid supply parameter 62 of the fluid supply change 60.
  • Step 124 can be carried out at any point in method 54. In Figure 6 a variant is shown in which step 124 is carried out after step 82. In preferred embodiments, the step 124 is positioned such that the additional fluid supply change 126 does not influence the change in the combustion parameter 86 that is correlated with the fluid supply change 60. Step 124 is preferably carried out after step 58, particularly preferably after step 82.
  • an additional step 128 checks whether the change over time of the at least one combustion parameter 86 has a double-peak structure 106.
  • Step 128 is preferably carried out after step 58 and preferably before step 108.
  • Figure 7 shows a variant in which step 128 is executed on path A after step 82. If it is determined in step 128 that a double peak structure 106 is present, the method is continued on path C with step 108. If there is no double peak structure 106, the method is continued on path D and the first error response 116 is carried out.
  • the heating system 46 is regulated in step 115 based on the standard combustion parameter 117.
  • step 128 the time profile of the change in the combustion parameter 86 stored in the control unit 18 as a result of the fluid supply change 60 is examined for the existence of at least two local maxima.
  • step 128 is carried out before step 82.
  • a second error reaction 130 is carried out if no double peak structure 106 is present.
  • a second error counter variable 132 is increased by 1 (see Figure 8 ).
  • the fluid supply change 60 is increased in the next iteration of the method 54 in step 58.
  • the fluid supply change 60 is limited upwards by a maximum fluid supply change which is dependent on the burner output parameter 78 and which is stored in the control unit 18. In this way, an insufficient fluid supply change 60 can be corrected. If the fluid supply change 60 is insufficient, the fuel-air ratio 56 is not decreased below the value 1.
  • Figure 8 shows a variant in which the second error reaction 130 is carried out on the path after the first error reaction 116.
  • the second error count variable 132 influences the selection of the fluid supply change 60, which is made in step 58 of the following iteration of the method 54.
  • the sequence of steps 116, 130 and 115 on path D can be changed as desired.
  • the target combustion parameter 110 is determined by forming the product of the signal maximum 84 with the calibration factor 112.
  • the calibration factor 112 depends on the operating state of the heating system 46.
  • the calibration factor 112 depends on the burner output parameter 78.
  • a nominal combustion characteristic is stored in the control unit 18. With the aid of the nominal combustion parameter characteristic curve, the nominal combustion parameter 110 is assigned to the signal maximum 84.
  • the target combustion characteristic curve is dependent on the operating state of the heating system 46. In particular, the setpoint combustion characteristic depends on the desired fuel-air ratio 56 and / or on the burner output parameter 78.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a control signal 64 to the fuel valve 44.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a scalar value that can be derived from the control signal 64.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is an opening width selection of the fuel valve 44. On the basis of the opening width selection, the control unit 18 determines and transmits a control signal 64 to the fuel valve 44.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 corresponds to a control signal 64 for metering a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and a combustion air.
  • the control signal 64 sent by the control unit 18 contains at least one control command to at least one metering device 34.
  • the at least one metering device 34 is at least one fuel valve 44 and / or at least one fan 32.
  • a metering value of the metering device 34 is measured and used as a fluid supply parameter 62 used.
  • Dosage value is to be understood as a characteristic value which describes the state of the dosing device 34 and which allows conclusions to be drawn about the amount of substance supplied and / or allowed through by the dosing device 34.
  • An example of a dosage value is a measured opening width of the fuel valve 44 and / or a measured fuel flow.
  • the combustion parameter 86 is an ionization current 88.
  • the ionization current 88 is determined by measuring the ionization current on a flame 40 of the heating system 46.
  • the ionization current 88 is determined by the ionization probe 42 and transmitted to the control unit 18.
  • the combustion parameter 86 is a light intensity, a spectrum, a lambda value, a pollutant emission and / or a temperature.
  • the light intensity and / or the spectrum at the flame 40 is determined by at least one photodiode.
  • the lambda value is measured with a lambda probe in an exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust system 38 has the lambda probe.
  • the pollutant emissions will determined by a sensor device which is located on the flame 40 and / or in the exhaust system 38.
  • the temperature is determined by a contact thermometer and / or a non-contact thermometer, in particular a pyrometer.
  • the thermometer can be located in the exhaust system 38 and / or measure the flame 40.
  • the burner output parameter 78 is the fan speed 80.
  • the fan speed 80 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a fan control signal.
  • the burner performance parameter 78 is a measured fan speed and / or a temperature and / or an air flow rate and / or a flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the air flow rate or the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture can be determined as a volume flow or as a mass flow.
  • the burner output parameter 78 is a run time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air.
  • a running time is determined as the time difference between the fluid supply change 60 and the time change in the combustion parameter 86 correlated with the fluid supply change 60.
  • the running time corresponds to the time which the mixture of fuel and combustion air needs to get from the fuel valve 44 to the ionization probe 42.
  • the running time is a measure of the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the fluid supply change 60 has a largely rectangular shape. In alternative embodiments, the fluid supply change 60 has largely the shape of a ramp and / or largely a triangular shape and / or largely the shape of a sine and / or largely in the form of a Gaussian curve. In the exemplary embodiment, the change in fluid supply 60 is selected as a function of the burner output parameter 78. The pulse height 74 and pulse width 76 each depend linearly on the fan speed 80. In this way, it is ensured that the heating system 46 is not disturbed too much in its regular operation by the fluid supply change 60. In alternative embodiments, the fluid supply change 60 has a functional relationship with the burner output parameter 78.
  • the functional relationship is selected so that good detection of the signal maximum 84 is possible, taking into account the technical properties of the heating system 46. If, for example, resonances occur at certain fan speeds 80, which increase the signal noise of the ionization current 88, then at these fan speeds 80 the fluid supply change 60 is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé (54) permettant de régler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46), comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à :
    • générer une modification d'alimentation en fluide temporelle provisoire (60) d'une grandeur caractéristique d'alimentation en fluide (62), une durée de la modification d'alimentation en fluide étant impulsionnelle et brève par rapport à des variations temporelles de la grandeur caractéristique d'alimentation en fluide prévues en cours de fonctionnement habituel du système de chauffage,
    • tenter de déterminer un maximum de signal (84) d'une modification temporelle corrélée avec la modification d'alimentation en fluide temporelle (60) d'au moins une grandeur caractéristique de combustion (86),
    • déterminer une grandeur caractéristique de combustion de consigne (110) sur la base du maximum de signal (84) si un maximum de signal (84) a été déterminé,
    • régler le système de chauffage (46) sur la base de la grandeur caractéristique de combustion de consigne (110) si un maximum de signal (84) a été déterminé,
    dans lequel la modification d'alimentation en fluide (60) est choisie de telle sorte que pour la modification temporelle de ladite au moins une grandeur caractéristique de combustion (86) un maximum de grandeur caractéristique de combustion (92) est supposé comme au moins le double, dans lequel, dans une étape supplémentaire, il est vérifié si la modification temporelle de ladite au moins une grandeur caractéristique de combustion (86) présente une structure à double pic (106), et s'il est constaté que la modification temporelle de ladite au moins une grandeur caractéristique de combustion (86) ne présente pas de structure à double pic (106), la modification d'alimentation en fluide (60) est augmentée dans les étapes suivantes.
  2. Procédé (54) permettant de régler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans une étape supplémentaire, le système de chauffage (46) est régulé sur la base d'une grandeur caractéristique de combustion standard (117) si aucun maximum de signal (84) n'a été déterminé.
  3. Procédé (54) permettant de régler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une première réaction à l'erreur (116) est effectuée si aucun maximum de signal (84) n'a été déterminé.
  4. Procédé (54) permettant de régler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la modification d'alimentation en fluide (60) est choisie en fonction d'un paramètre de performance de brûleur (78) .
  5. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans une étape supplémentaire, une modification d'alimentation en fluide (126) supplémentaire temporelle provisoire est générée, cette variation d'alimentation en fluide (126) supplémentaire étant largement opposée à la variation d'alimentation en fluide (60).
  6. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une première réaction à l'erreur (116) est effectuée si aucune structure à double pic (106) n'est reconnue.
  7. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur caractéristique de combustion de consigne (110) est déterminée en formant le produit du maximum de signal (84) avec un facteur de calibrage (112).
  8. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur caractéristique d'alimentation en fluide (62) correspond à un signal de commande (64) pour doser un combustible et/ou de l'air de combustion et/ou un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion.
  9. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une grandeur caractéristique de combustion (86) est déterminée par une mesure de courant d'ionisation au niveau d'une flamme (40) du système de chauffage (46).
  10. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le paramètre de performance de brûleur (78) est une vitesse de rotation de soufflante (80) ou dépend de celle-ci et/ou est un débit massique d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci et/ou est un flux volumétrique d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci et/ou est un temps de propagation d'un air de combustion et/ou d'un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion ou dépend de celui-ci.
  11. Procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la modification de variation d'alimentation en fluide (60) temporelle présente une forme au moins largement rectangulaire.
  12. Unité de commande (18) pour un système de chauffage (46), l'unité de commande (18) étant aménagée pour permettre l'exécution d'un procédé (54) permettant de contrôler et de réguler un rapport combustible/air (56) dans un système de chauffage (46) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  13. Système de chauffage (46) comprenant une unité de commande (18) selon la revendication 12, comprenant un doseur (34) pour un combustible et/ou pour l'air de combustion et/ou pour un mélange d'un combustible et d'air de combustion, ainsi qu'une sonde d'ionisation (42) au niveau d'une flamme (40) et une soufflante (32) à vitesse de rotation de soufflante variable (80).
EP17187858.0A 2016-09-02 2017-08-25 Procédé de réglage et de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage ainsi qu'unité de commande et système de chauffage Active EP3290798B1 (fr)

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DE102017204003.3A DE102017204003A1 (de) 2016-09-02 2017-03-10 Verfahren zur Einstellung und Regelung eines Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses in einem Heizsystem sowie eine Steuereinheit und ein Heizsystem

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GB2599423A (en) 2020-10-01 2022-04-06 Bosch Thermotechnology Ltd Uk Method for operating a combustion device, combustion device and heater

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DE59604283D1 (de) * 1995-10-25 2000-03-02 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren und Schaltung zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
ATE310925T1 (de) * 2001-09-13 2005-12-15 Siemens Schweiz Ag Regeleinrichtung für einen brenner und einstellverfahren
DE10236979C1 (de) * 2002-08-13 2003-08-14 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Regelung des Verbrennungsvorganges in einem Verbrennungsmotor
ITMO20050204A1 (it) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-03 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Metodo di controllo della combustione a ricerca guidata del set point
DE102010055567B4 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners

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