EP3287508B1 - Multi-function universal fuel additive - Google Patents
Multi-function universal fuel additive Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3287508B1 EP3287508B1 EP16724745.1A EP16724745A EP3287508B1 EP 3287508 B1 EP3287508 B1 EP 3287508B1 EP 16724745 A EP16724745 A EP 16724745A EP 3287508 B1 EP3287508 B1 EP 3287508B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- additive
- washing
- composition
- acetanilide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 229960001413 acetanilide Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 56
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010763 heavy fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002641 tar oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
- C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
- C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
- C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/223—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
- C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
- C10L2300/40—Mixture of four or more components
Definitions
- This invention relates to the field of oil refining and petrochemistry, in particular to a composition comprising such additive and intended for use in internal combustion engines as well as in boilers and furnaces.
- this additive enables to:
- a drawback of this additive is its high corrosivity and extremely low solubility in a hydrocarbon fuel, which narrows its use and reduces field of application.
- a fuel additive is known in the art, which is added in a quantity of 0.0001-0.1 wt.% and comprises aliphatic alcohols, carbamide (urea), water and boric acid ( RU Patent
- the additive as claimed may be used for improving combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel (gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil or rocket fuel) or products of petrochemical or by-product-coking processes, or products of plant raw stock processing, or water-oil or water-coal fuel, or solid fuel, or gaseous fuel.
- Another objective of the invention is to develop a fuel that increases combustion temperature as well as raises combustion efficiency and completeness, due to which toxicity of combustion products together with fuel corrosive action on fuel system parts may be reduced.
- the above-discussed additive is the closest to the claimed solution and has been considered as the prototype.
- boric acid exhibits weak acidic properties, is practically insoluble in hydrocarbons, and is a toxic substance - its combustion leads to boron oxide emission into the atmosphere.
- the objective of the present invention is to develop a more economical and more ecological fuel having improved consumer and technological characteristics.
- the set objective is fulfilled and the technical effects are achieved by improving the additive composition in which acetanilide is substituted for boric acid as well as carbamide content is lowered, the content of the components being, in wt.%: C 2 -C 4 aliphatic alcohols 75.0 - 95.0 Water 4.0 - 20.0 Carbamide 0.1 - 5.0 Acetanilide 0.1 - 5.0.
- the additive is intended for direct adding to a fuel in the quantity from 0.005 to 0.006 % on the basis of the fuel weight.
- C 2 -C 4 aliphatic alcohols is understood as a totality of saturated alcohols comprising one or more hydroxyl groups in carbon atoms, a number of carbon atoms being from two to four, and each atom is coupled with not more than one hydroxyl group.
- the proposed additive may be prepared at any enterprise specializing in this industry, because for this well-known materials and standard equipment manufactured by the industry are required.
- the additive may be prepared as follows.
- the additive according to these three particular embodiments was added into the respective fuel in the quantity of 0.005 wt.%.
- Example 1 Reduction of specific fuel consumption and quantity of pollutants in exhaust and waste gases.
- the measurement methods enable to determine fuel consumption and quantity of each particular component of waste gases.
- the new European driving cycle (NEDC) is obligatory for Europe. This cycle is used for modeling typical driving manner for European roads. Pollutant emissions by, and fuel consumption in, cars are determined on chassis dynamometers. While a car “runs" on chassis dynamometers in accordance with certain driving cycles (NEDC cycle), calibrated measurement systems determine concentrations of separate exhaust components.
- Waste gases were analyzed according to the CVS method that comprises the following measurements: determination of CH, CO and CO 2 concentrations with the use of NDIR (Non-Dispersive-lnfra-Red) infrared absorption analyzers; determination of NO x concentration with the use of apparatus operating under the chemiluminescence principle (CLD, chemiluminescence detector); fuel consumption was calculated according to the "carbon balance" method.
- Test data for reference fuel before (1) and after (2) use of the additive are shown in Table 1.
- Table 1. Test data for reference fuel before (1) and after (2) use of the additive.
- Car Parameter Consumption L/100 km CO 2 , g/km CO, g/km CH, g/km NOx, g/km 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Citro ⁇ n DS3 Essence 5.92 5.41 0.135 0.119 0.601 0.135 0.202 0.045 0.083 0.028 Renault Megane diesel 4.79 4.21 0.125 0.106 0.325 0.195 0.026 0.014 0.292 0.205 1 - reference fuel 2 - reference fuel + additive
- Tests for combustion of a heavy fuel (fuel oil) with the additive were carried out on the DKVr 4-13 GM boiler equipped with a GMG-2 burner, a VDN-10-1000 blow fan and a DN-9-1000 smoke exhauster. Steam flow-rate was measured on the steam conduit according to the standard chart. Air flow-rate was determined according to the design method. The excess air factor and the composition of waste gas components were measured with the use of a Testo 350M/XL gas analyzer.
- the test data were processed in accordance with the heat engineering methodology proposed by M.B. Ravich [ Ravich M.B., Simplified Methodology of Heat Engineering Calculations, M., Publ. House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1966, 407 pp .]. This methodology is based on generalized characteristics. Such characteristics may be used for making comparative heat engineering calculations and for calculating heat losses due to waste gases and due to chemical incomplete combustion, without taking an average fuel sample during tests, determining its composition and combustion heat.
- Fuel oil Fuel oil + additive Fuel oil + additive after adjusting fuel-air ratio Steam capacity (adjusted value), tons/hour 2.5-3.7 2.3-3.9 3.1-3.9 Air excess beyond the boiler 1.28-2.08 1.11-1.75 1.04-1.25 Waste gases temperature, °C 295-349 298-340 318-336 Efficiency, % 76.18-82.18 80.08-85.35 84.01-86.51 Specific consumption of reference fuel, kg/Gcal 170.0-181.4 166.8-177.6 164.4-168.2 NO x content of waste gases, mg/m 3 1310-1331 1240-1310 1225-1370 SO 2 content of waste gases, mg/m 3 117.8-138.6 89.2-96.4 24.1-59.6
- Washing effect is understood as ability of the additive to prevent deposits in fuel injectors (Port Fuel Injection - PFI) and on intake valves (Intake Valve Deposits - IVD) from forming, thus ensuring that the initial adjustment of an engine remains unchanged. Deposits in the intake system may cause malfunctions during the engine operation, and any deviations from an optimal composition of a fuel mixture reduce power, increase fuel consumption and exhaust gases toxicity.
- Washing components for gasoline are surfactants comprising polar groups connected to one or more polymeric hydrocarbon tailings.
- Polar groups are functional groups of a washing component and usually are amines that are absorbed onto metal surfaces and/or onto forming deposit.
- a polymeric hydrocarbon tailing represents long-chain molecules of polyisobutylene and ensures good solubility in a fuel by ensuring dispersion of particles-precursors of deposit formation.
- the BASF Keropur® additives are based on polyisobutylene amine (for gasolines) and polyisobutylene succinimide (for diesel fuels) that are produced from high-reactivity polyisobutylene (PIB) synthesized in accordance with the patented BASF technology.
- PIB polyisobutylene
- the Keropur® (Puradd® in the US) washing additives synthesized on the basis of high-reactivity PIB are highly efficient.
- BASF produces high-reactivity PIB from pure polyisobutylene according to the patented technology, and its composition comprises more than 90% of alpha-olefins.
- washing additives to gasoline for cars in a concentration from 100 to 200 mg/kg (ppm).
- European manufacturers tend to prevent deposits from forming on valves practically to the fullest degree, and, therefore, add washing additives in a concentration from 300 to 600 mg/kg (ppm).
- a required level of washing properties may be established, for example, in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Worldwide Fuel Charter (WWFC).
- WWFC Worldwide Fuel Charter
- Tests are carried on a car for two weeks.
- the minimum quantity of deposits formed at intake valves after the trip of 10,000 miles should be not less than 290 mg per valve.
- a fuel with a washing additive is tested.
- a washing additive should ensure that deposits are reduced to a level not more than 100 mg per valve.
- the tests are aimed at assessing the additive influence on the fuel tendency to form deposits in the combustion chamber (Combustion Chamber Deposits, CCD).
- CCD Combustion Chamber Deposits
- the CCD parameter enables to monitor side effects of washing additives. Some additives, though having good washing properties, may contribute to increased deposit formation in the engine combustion chamber, and an extremely high concentration of such an additive may caused increased deposit formation.
- Deposit quantity in a combustion chamber, when gasoline with an additive is used, should not be higher than 1,300 mg per cylinder or 140% in comparison to the use of the base fuel.
- the proposed composition exhibits prominent washing effect as well as reduces deposit formation in the combustion chamber.
- Example 4 Dispersion properties of the additive in compositions of heavy distillate and residual fuels.
- the most efficient method of controlling formation of deposits in fuels comprising residual products of oil processing is the introduction of additives possessing dispersion properties.
- an efficient additive that may be used for this purpose is the VNII NP-102 additive developed in Russia, which not only prevents deposits from forming in residual fuels, but also ensures washing-out of already formed deposits from fuel systems.
- the VNII NP-102 additive is prescribed by GOST 10585-75 for addition (in a concentration of at least 0.2 wt.%) to F5 and F12 admiralty fuel oils. Its latest (and improved) analog is the VNII NP-200 additive (working concentration is from 0.05 to 0.2 wt.%).
- the proposed composition after being added to fuel oil in a concentration from 0.005 to 0.006 wt.%, exhibits pronounced dispersion properties manifesting themselves in prevention of deposit formation, water emulsification, washing-out of deposits already formed.
- the pronounced dispersion properties of the composition were demonstrated during tests at an iron and steel plant using fuel oil as the fuel for open-hearth furnaces and continuous heating furnaces.
- the fuel oil used comprises 1.2% of sulfur.
- 10 liters of the proposed additive were added to the 200 m 3 supplying tank. The tank was left heated for 12 hours.
- a sample of fuel oil was taken, which, according to the laboratory analysis, shoved the sulfur content of 1.5%. This may be explained only by the fact that additional 600 kg of sulfur were contained in the bottom deposit (in heavy fractions, the sulfur content was greater) that was dispersed by the introduced additive.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2015114918/04A RU2577857C1 (ru) | 2015-04-21 | 2015-04-21 | Многофункциональная универсальная добавка к топливу |
PCT/RU2016/000117 WO2016171583A1 (ru) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-03 | Многофункциональная универсальная добавка к топливу |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3287508A1 EP3287508A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
EP3287508B1 true EP3287508B1 (en) | 2019-05-15 |
Family
ID=55648041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16724745.1A Active EP3287508B1 (en) | 2015-04-21 | 2016-03-03 | Multi-function universal fuel additive |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20180134976A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3287508B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN107810256A (zh) |
AR (1) | AR104334A1 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1252371A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL255159B (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2577857C1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2016171583A1 (zh) |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1789302A (en) * | 1929-08-23 | 1931-01-20 | Du Pont | Gum inhibitor for hydrocarbons |
US1941689A (en) * | 1931-07-20 | 1934-01-02 | Selden Co | Motor fuel |
RU2034905C1 (ru) | 1993-04-09 | 1995-05-10 | Коллективное малое научно-производственное внедренческое предприятие "Адиоз" | Универсальная присадка к топливам двигателей внутреннего сгорания |
US6017368A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-01-25 | Steinmann; Henry W | Microemulsion fuel compositions for the internal combustion engine and for oil furnaces |
US6353143B1 (en) * | 1998-11-13 | 2002-03-05 | Pennzoil-Quaker State Company | Fuel composition for gasoline powered vehicle and method |
RU2246527C1 (ru) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-02-20 | Бакланов Анатолий Васильевич | Многофункциональная антидетонационная добавка к моторному топливу |
UA88878C2 (uk) * | 2006-03-02 | 2009-12-10 | Александр Адольфович Озерянский | Універсальна присадка до мастильних та паливних матеріалів, паливо для двигуна внутрішнього згоряння /варіанти/, для дизельного двигуна /варіанти/ та топкове паливо |
RU2471858C2 (ru) * | 2010-12-27 | 2013-01-10 | Игорь Анатольевич Ревенко | Способ увеличения скорости и полноты окисления топлива в системах сжигания |
RU2462708C1 (ru) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-09-27 | Федеральное автономное учреждение "25 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химмотологии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Способ определения эффективности диспергирующих присадок к остаточным топливам |
RU2486229C1 (ru) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-06-27 | Юрий Тимофеевич Цапенко | Присадка к топливу и содержащее ее топливо |
-
2015
- 2015-04-21 RU RU2015114918/04A patent/RU2577857C1/ru active
-
2016
- 2016-03-03 WO PCT/RU2016/000117 patent/WO2016171583A1/ru active Application Filing
- 2016-03-03 US US15/568,079 patent/US20180134976A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-03-03 CN CN201680035943.5A patent/CN107810256A/zh active Pending
- 2016-03-03 EP EP16724745.1A patent/EP3287508B1/en active Active
- 2016-04-21 AR ARP160101093A patent/AR104334A1/es active IP Right Grant
-
2017
- 2017-10-19 IL IL255159A patent/IL255159B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2018
- 2018-09-11 HK HK18111667A patent/HK1252371A1/zh unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL255159A0 (en) | 2017-12-31 |
CN107810256A (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
IL255159B (en) | 2020-11-30 |
US20180134976A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
HK1252371A1 (zh) | 2019-05-24 |
AR104334A1 (es) | 2017-07-12 |
WO2016171583A1 (ru) | 2016-10-27 |
EP3287508A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
RU2577857C1 (ru) | 2016-03-20 |
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