EP3264431B1 - Bistabiler linearer elektromagnet - Google Patents

Bistabiler linearer elektromagnet Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3264431B1
EP3264431B1 EP17178534.8A EP17178534A EP3264431B1 EP 3264431 B1 EP3264431 B1 EP 3264431B1 EP 17178534 A EP17178534 A EP 17178534A EP 3264431 B1 EP3264431 B1 EP 3264431B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
shuttle
electromagnet
coil
wall
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Active
Application number
EP17178534.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3264431A1 (de
Inventor
Guillaume Durand
Steve Coustenoble
Laurent MONSAINT
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Publication of EP3264431A1 publication Critical patent/EP3264431A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1872—Bistable or bidirectional current devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/17—Pivoting and rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1684—Armature position measurement using coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/185—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with armature position measurement

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of monitoring the position of the rod of a bistable linear electromagnet.
  • a braking architecture for an aircraft wheel comprising a brake provided with at least one hydraulic brake actuator for the wheel, a pressure source capable of delivering a hydraulic fluid under high pressure, a normal hydraulic braking circuit and a park hydraulic circuit.
  • the park hydraulic circuit conventionally comprises a park valve having an outlet port adapted to be selectively connected either to the pressure source, or to a return circuit under low pressure relative to said high pressure.
  • the park valve is conventionally operated by a linear electromagnet comprising a rod sliding between an extended position and a retracted position.
  • the monitoring of the position of the rod is generally carried out using a pressure sensor which measures the pressure in the hydraulic circuit of the park.
  • the pressure sensor is bulky, heavy and expensive. It has been envisaged to monitor the position of the rod by integrating a position sensor directly on the rod. However, the presence of hydraulic fluid in the environment of the rod prevents such integration. In addition, the short stroke of the rod would probably not allow precise detection of the position of the rod in the most unfavorable configurations (temperature drift, rib chains, expansions, etc.).
  • the document EP 2 944 521 A1 discloses a conventional locking brake electromagnetic actuator.
  • the document DE 297 03 587 U1 discloses an electromagnetic actuator having an armature proximity sensor. A second measurement correction sensor can be added.
  • the document EP 1 998 351 A1 discloses an electromagnetic actuator for a switch having two magnetic field sensors inserted within conduits passing through the magnetic core.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a monitoring of the position of the rod of an electromagnet which does not have the above drawbacks cited.
  • a bistable linear electromagnet comprising a hollow body having walls defining a first housing and a second housing aligned along an axis, a movable armature comprising a rod connected to a shuttle mounted sliding in the hollow body along the X axis between a first extreme position in which it abuts against an abutment wall of the first housing and a second extreme position in which it abuts against an abutment wall of the second housing, and a first coil positioned in the first housing and a second coil positioned in the second housing so that the shuttle slides towards the first extreme position when a first current flows in the first coil and in the second coil, and so that the shuttle slides towards the second extreme position when a second current flows in the first coil and in the second coil.
  • a cavity is formed in a measurement wall of one of the first housing or second housing, the cavity opening out outside the hollow body, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor positioned in the cavity so that a sensitive part of the magnetic field sensor is positioned against a bottom of the cavity, the magnetic field sensor being intended to measure a magnetic flux prevailing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said first housing or second housing and by the shuttle for detecting that the shuttle is moved towards or away from the abutment wall of said first housing or second housing.
  • Monitoring of the position of the rod of the electromagnet according to the invention is therefore carried out by the magnetic field sensor integrated in the measurement wall of the hollow body of the electromagnet. This monitoring is therefore carried out by means that are compact, light and inexpensive.
  • the field sensor magnetic, positioned in the cavity made in the measuring wall is positioned in a simple way in an environment free of hydraulic fluid. Finally, monitoring the position of the rod by measuring the magnetic flux makes this monitoring robust even in the event of unfavorable mechanical and thermal configurations of the rod.
  • the electromagnet according to the invention 1 is a linear electromagnet which comprises a hollow body 2 having a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having an axis X as its longitudinal axis.
  • the hollow body 2 comprises a plurality of walls, among which a main wall 3 having a cylindrical surface having the X axis as its longitudinal axis, a first end wall 4 forming a first face of the hollow body 2, a second end 5 forming a second face of the hollow body 2, a central wall 6 parallel to the first end wall 4 and to the second end wall 5 and equidistant from the first end wall 4 and the second end wall 5, and a first abutment wall 7 and a second abutment wall 8.
  • the first abutment wall 7, which has an annular shape with axis longitudinal axis X extends from the first end wall 4 towards the inside of the hollow body 2.
  • the second abutment wall 8 which has an annular shape having the axis X as its longitudinal axis, extends from the second end wall 5 towards the inside of the hollow body 2.
  • the main wall 3, the first end wall 4, the first abutment wall 7 and the central wall 6 define a first housing 10 in the hollow body 2.
  • the main wall 3, the second end wall 5, the second abutment wall 8 and the central wall 6 define a second housing 11 in the hollow body 2.
  • the hollow body 2 (and therefore all of the walls which have just been mentioned) is made here of martensitic stainless steel.
  • the martensitic stainless steel used in this case is a stainless steel of the X30Cr13 type.
  • the permanent magnet 12 is here a neodymium magnet made of SmCo5.
  • the first housing 10 comprises a first main coil 13 and a first auxiliary coil 14.
  • the second housing 11 comprises a second main coil 15 and a second auxiliary coil 16.
  • the first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15 are connected in series.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are connected in series.
  • the electromagnet 1 further comprises a movable armature 18 comprising a rod 19 and a shuttle 20.
  • the longitudinal axis of the rod 19 is an axis X'.
  • the shuttle 20 comprises a common part 21 and a connecting part 22.
  • the common part 21 of the shuttle 20 has a cylindrical outer shape of circular section and having the axis X' as its longitudinal axis.
  • the connecting part 22 is a wall perpendicular to the axis X' and located in the center of the main part 21.
  • the rod 19 of the movable armature 18 is here made of aluminum.
  • the shuttle 20 is here made of martensitic stainless steel.
  • the martensitic stainless steel used in this case is a stainless steel of the X30Cr13 type.
  • the rod 19 is fixed to the shuttle 20 so as to extend coaxially therewith.
  • Electromagnet 1 operates as follows. When, under the application of a first control voltage, a first current flows in a first direction in the first main coil 13 and in the second main coil 15, a first magnetic field is generated, under the effect of which the shuttle 20 slides in the hollow body 2 along the axis X and approaches the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 to a first extreme position in which the shuttle 20 abuts against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10. Rod 19 is then in a retracted position. When the first control voltage is no longer applied and the first current no longer flows, the shuttle 20 is held in the first extreme position by the effect of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 12. The rod 19 is therefore maintained in the retracted position (situation visible on the figure 1 ).
  • the electromagnet 1 is therefore a bistable linear electromagnet.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are arranged in the same way and play exactly the same role as the first main coil 13 and the second main coil 15.
  • the first auxiliary coil 14 and the second auxiliary coil 16 are used only when a fault (for example a short circuit or an open circuit) occurs on the first main coil 13 and/or on the second main coil 15.
  • the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 1 is therefore redundant.
  • the hollow body 2 of the electromagnet 1 comprises a measuring wall, which is in this case the first end wall 4.
  • the first wall end 4 comprises a cavity 25 which has the shape of a groove opening outwards from the hollow body 2.
  • the cavity does not open out towards the inside of the cavity of the hollow body 2.
  • the thickness e of the first end wall 4, at the level of the cavity 25, is between 0.4 mm and 1 mm. This thickness e is here approximately equal to 0.7 mm.
  • a magnetic field sensor in this case a Hall effect sensor 26, is positioned inside the cavity 25.
  • the sensitive part of the Hall effect sensor 26 is positioned against the bottom of the cavity 25.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 makes it possible to detect that the shuttle 20 is brought closer to the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10 or else to the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 therefore makes it possible in particular to detect that the shuttle 20 is in the first extreme position or in the second extreme position, and therefore that the rod 19 is in the retracted position or in the extended position.
  • a magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the first main coil 13 (or by the first auxiliary coil 14 if the latter is used) is mainly concentrated in a first magnetic path 30 formed by the walls of the first housing 10.
  • the magnetic flux is symbolized by magnetic field lines 31. It is observed that the magnetic field lines 31 are particularly concentrated in the first end wall 4 at the level of the cavity 25, and therefore that the magnetic flux there is particularly important. Hall effect sensor 26 thus detects magnetic field leaks at the bottom of cavity 25, and measures a relatively large magnetic field.
  • Processing means connected to the Hall effect sensor 26 and not shown in the figures, acquire the measurements made by the Hall effect sensor 26 and detect, as a function of the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is brought closer of the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10, and, possibly, that the shuttle 20 is in abutment against the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10. The processing means then detect that the rod 19 is therefore in the retracted position.
  • the magnetic flux resulting from the magnetic field generated by the second main coil 15 (or by the second auxiliary coil 16 if the latter is used) is mainly concentrated in a second magnetic path 32 formed by the walls of the second housing 11.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 therefore measures a relatively weak magnetic field.
  • the processing means acquire the measurements made by the Hall effect sensor 26 and detect, depending on the measured magnetic field amplitude, that the shuttle 20 is moved away from the first abutment wall 7 of the first housing 10, and, possibly , that the shuttle 20 is in abutment against the second abutment wall 8 of the second housing 11.
  • the rod 19 is therefore in the extended position.
  • the Hall effect sensor 26 can be a Hall effect (or latch ) switch type sensor giving binary information, or else a linear Hall effect probe.
  • a linear probe it is possible to perform a binary measurement by defining a threshold above which the measured magnetic field corresponds to the first extreme position of the shuttle 20, and below which the measured magnetic field corresponds at the second extreme position of the shuttle 20.
  • the threshold can optionally be adjusted at the time of manufacture of the electromagnet 1, or at the time of operating tests preceding its delivery.
  • the processing means are positioned on an electrical card or in a computer used to supply the electromagnet 1 (and therefore to generate the control voltages applied to the terminals of the coils). This reduces the costs and the size of the implementation of the monitoring of the position of the rod 19.
  • the field sensor magnetic sensor used is a Hall effect sensor, it is perfectly possible to use a different sensor (for example, a magnetoresistive sensor).
  • the sensor can of course be integrated into a measurement wall of the second housing.
  • the measurement wall which comprises the cavity or cavities, can moreover be a wall other than an end wall, for example an abutment wall.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Bistabiler linearer Elektromagnet, umfassend einen hohlen Körper (2) mit Wänden, die eine erste Aufnahme (10) und eine zweite Aufnahme (11) definieren, die entlang einer Achse X ausgerichtet sind, einen beweglichen Anker (18), der eine Stange (19) umfasst, die mit einem Pendelelement (20) verbunden ist, das in dem hohlen Körper (2) entlang der Achse X zwischen einer ersten Endposition, in der das Pendelelement an einer ersten Anschlagwand (7) der ersten Aufnahme (10) anstößt, und einer zweiten Endposition verschiebbar gelagert ist, in der das Pendelelement an einer zweiten Anschlagwand (8) der zweiten Aufnahme (11) anstößt, und eine erste Spule (13), die in der ersten Aufnahme positioniert ist, und eine zweite Spule (15), die in der zweiten Aufnahme positioniert ist, derart, dass sich das Pendelelement in die erste Endposition verschiebt, wenn ein erster Strom in der ersten Spule und in der zweiten Spule fließt, und dass sich das Pendelelement in die zweite Endposition verschiebt, wenn ein zweiter Strom in der ersten Spule und in der zweiten Spule fließt, wobei der Elektromagnet ferner einen Hohlraum (25) umfasst, der in einer Messwand (4) der ersten oder der zweiten Aufnahme ausgebildet ist, wobei der Hohlraum außerhalb des hohlen Körpers mündet, wobei der Elektromagnet ferner einen Magnetfeldsensor (26) umfasst, der in dem Hohlraum derart positioniert ist, dass ein empfindlicher Teil des Magnetfeldsensors (26) an einem Boden des Hohlraums positioniert ist, wobei der Magnetfeldsensor (26) dazu bestimmt ist, einen Magnetfluss zu messen, der in einem Magnetpfad herrscht, der von den Wänden der genannten ersten Aufnahme oder zweiten Aufnahme und von dem Pendelelement gebildet wird, um zu erfassen, ob das Pendelelement näher an der Anschlagwand der genannten ersten Aufnahme oder zweiten Aufnahme oder von ihr entfernt ist.
  2. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die erste Aufnahme (10) und die zweite Aufnahme (11) durch eine Wand (6) des hohlen Körpers (2) und durch einen Dauermagneten (12) getrennt sind.
  3. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Messwand (4) im Bereich des Hohlraums eine Dicke zwischen 0,4 mm und 10 mm aufweist.
  4. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der hohle Körper (2) aus martensitischem rostfreiem Stahl hergestellt ist.
  5. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Pendelelement (20) aus martensitischem rostfreiem Stahl hergestellt ist.
  6. Elektromagnet nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Stange (19) aus Aluminium hergestellt ist.
EP17178534.8A 2016-07-01 2017-06-28 Bistabiler linearer elektromagnet Active EP3264431B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1656314A FR3053522B1 (fr) 2016-07-01 2016-07-01 Electro-aimant lineaire bistable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3264431A1 EP3264431A1 (de) 2018-01-03
EP3264431B1 true EP3264431B1 (de) 2022-04-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17178534.8A Active EP3264431B1 (de) 2016-07-01 2017-06-28 Bistabiler linearer elektromagnet

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US (1) US10176915B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3264431B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3053522B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3096635B1 (fr) 2019-06-03 2021-06-18 Safran Landing Systems Détection de l’état d’un organe de freinage de parc

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1998351A1 (de) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-03 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Zustandserfassungseinrichtung und öffnungs-/schliesssteuerung mit dieser zustandserfassungseinrichtung
DE102009042777B4 (de) * 2009-09-25 2014-03-06 Kendrion (Donaueschingen/Engelswies) GmbH Elektromagnetischer Aktor
EP2587496B1 (de) * 2011-10-27 2014-06-04 MSG Mechatronic Systems GmbH Bistabiler Schaltmagnet mit Kolbenpositionsdetektor

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29703587U1 (de) * 1997-02-28 1998-06-25 FEV Motorentechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 52078 Aachen Elektromagnetischer Aktuator mit Näherungssensor
FR2940500B1 (fr) * 2008-12-22 2010-12-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a double circuits de commande
FR3018880B1 (fr) * 2014-03-24 2017-08-25 Messier Bugatti Dowty Actionneur electromecanique de frein a blocage de parc pour aeronef
DE102014113500A1 (de) * 2014-09-18 2016-03-24 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Bistabile elektromagnetische Aktorvorrichtung

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1998351A1 (de) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-03 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Zustandserfassungseinrichtung und öffnungs-/schliesssteuerung mit dieser zustandserfassungseinrichtung
DE102009042777B4 (de) * 2009-09-25 2014-03-06 Kendrion (Donaueschingen/Engelswies) GmbH Elektromagnetischer Aktor
EP2587496B1 (de) * 2011-10-27 2014-06-04 MSG Mechatronic Systems GmbH Bistabiler Schaltmagnet mit Kolbenpositionsdetektor

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US10176915B2 (en) 2019-01-08
US20180005744A1 (en) 2018-01-04
FR3053522B1 (fr) 2018-08-17
EP3264431A1 (de) 2018-01-03
FR3053522A1 (fr) 2018-01-05

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