EP3263301B1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments constitutifs présentant au moins une modification de caractéristique continue - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments constitutifs présentant au moins une modification de caractéristique continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3263301B1
EP3263301B1 EP17178647.8A EP17178647A EP3263301B1 EP 3263301 B1 EP3263301 B1 EP 3263301B1 EP 17178647 A EP17178647 A EP 17178647A EP 3263301 B1 EP3263301 B1 EP 3263301B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
devices
control
dispensing
metering devices
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17178647.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3263301A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Sobek
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Studio Werner Sobek GmbH
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Studio Werner Sobek GmbH
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Priority to EP22214921.3A priority Critical patent/EP4169686A1/fr
Publication of EP3263301A1 publication Critical patent/EP3263301A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/02—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing
    • B28C5/06—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing the mixing being effected by the action of a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/0404—Proportioning
    • B28C7/0418—Proportioning control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing at least one concrete component, which is provided with at least one continuous or approximately continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • Concrete components made from homogeneous concrete mixtures are known in the prior art. Furthermore, sandwich-like and multi-shell concrete components are known, the layers with abrupt, gradual have property changes. Such concrete components are usually produced by casting, using the wet spraying or dry spraying method. Furthermore, multifunctional components are known, which are formed by a material mix (eg thermal insulation composite systems). It is also known to optimize components by changing the component geometry (lightweight structural design).
  • a disadvantage of the known components is that they are usually only insufficiently adapted to the actual supporting structure and building physics requirements, which leads to high material consumption, weight increase, high transport costs, waste of resources and high CO2 emissions.
  • a device for producing at least one concrete component is created.
  • the device has at least two metering devices, preferably separate and/or arranged in parallel, with at least one of the at least two metering devices being designed to meter material for the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices being designed to meter material for the component expediently to be dosed variably at least at times.
  • the device has a control device in order to control the dosing of the at least two dosing devices, the control device being connected to one of the at least two dosing devices in order to control the dosing and being connected to the other of the at least two dosing devices in order to To control dosing so that it is performed variably, so that the component is provided with at least one continuous or approximately continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
  • the device also has at least one output device in order to output the dosed and/or variably dosed material.
  • the component is produced in such a way that it is provided with at least one continuous (particularly graded) or approximately continuous (particularly graded) property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.
  • the property change is expediently a functional property change.
  • continuous property change For the sake of brevity, the “at least one continuous or approximately continuous property change” is usually referred to below as “continuous property change”.
  • the continuous change in properties advantageously enables the component to adapt to a (expediently actually occurring) physical and/or load-bearing structure requirement profile is adaptable.
  • the component composition/structure preferably follows a building physics and/or supporting structure requirement profile.
  • an improvement in the thermal insulation properties and a multifunctionality (eg load-bearing, insulating, sealing) of the component can be achieved.
  • the continuous change in properties can improve the component properties by locally adapting the porosity and thus the strength and rigidity to the stress conditions that actually occur in the component, e.g. using lightweight aggregates, pore formers, etc Component dimensions can be realized, resulting in a more positive ecological balance compared to conventional components.
  • the savings in mass and material also advantageously lead to a gain in usable area.
  • the continuous change in properties can also serve to adapt the component to economic and ecological requirement profiles. For example, resource efficiency, CO 2 footprint, reduction of the energy bound (embodied) in the component, and/or improved recyclability, etc. can be achieved.
  • the continuous change in properties relates in particular to at least one of the following: thermal conductivity, strength, rigidity, bulk density, porosity, air void content, pigmentation, water content, fiber content, water vapor diffusion resistance, water penetration depth and content and type of aggregates, additives, additives and other possible component, in particular concrete component components.
  • the invention enables the production of unmixed, e.g. purely mineral and yet multifunctional components. It is thus possible to dispense with an unfavorable mixed material mix (poor recyclability) and still advantageously achieve reduced component dimensions.
  • the component is used in particular in structural and/or civil engineering and can be designed, for example, as part of the building envelope, External wall, cladding panel, as part of the supporting structure, floor slab, beam, wall, girder, joist, support, retaining wall, foundation, noise protection wall, exterior design, partition wall, tunnel wall, bridge construction, roadway slab, container, pipe, etc..
  • the continuous change in properties includes, in particular, a flowing, graded, continuous and/or stepless change in properties.
  • the approximated continuous change in properties includes, in particular, a stepwise or discontinuous change in properties, which can be achieved, for example, by means of a multilayer structure or another suitable approximation structure.
  • the approximated continuous change in properties, in particular the multi-layer structure is preferably approximated to a continuous change in properties such that the deviation from the continuous change in properties is expediently negligible with regard to a load-bearing structure and/or building physics requirement profile to be achieved.
  • the approximated continuous property change can be approximated to a continuous property change by a multilayer structure that has at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 different layers.
  • the change in properties can be formed inside the component and/or on the surface of the component.
  • the at least one dispensing device is formed downstream of the at least two dosing devices.
  • the material supplied to one dosing device is preferably different from that of the other dosing device supplied material, e.g. in type, composition and/or property. It is particularly preferred that the material fed to one metering device has reciprocal or opposite properties relative to the material fed to the other metering device, eg one with high density, strength and thermal conductivity and the other with low density, strength and thermal conductivity.
  • the term “material” also includes, in particular, materials and/or a mixture of materials, e.g. Hollow bodies or other e.g.
  • the material can in particular be made available in quasi-pure form and/or mixed form.
  • the at least two metering devices prefferably meter material for forming the component.
  • the device preferably includes a measure that ensures that a material that has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material that has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices are mixed together.
  • the at least one measure is preferably implemented downstream of the at least two dosing devices. It is possible that the continuous change in properties is caused by the changing dosage and/or by varying the mixing ratio of the materials is achieved.
  • the variable metering and/or the variation preferably takes place continuously (eg graduated), in particular fluently.
  • the device comprises at least one mixing device (e.g. a continuous mixer, a continuous mixer, a mixer that mixes through the geometry of its mixing chamber, a static mixer, a dynamic mixer, a mixing device that mixes by means of compressed air turbulence (e.g. with the aid of a Ring nozzle), etc.) has.
  • the mixing device is preferably designed to mix together a material that was metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material that was variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices.
  • the mixing device can be arranged upstream of the at least one output device or within the at least one output device.
  • the device prefferably has at least two, three or more than three output devices, preferably arranged in parallel, in order to output material.
  • the at least two dispensing devices are preferably arranged downstream of the at least two dosing devices.
  • At least one first dispensing device is preferably designed to dispense material that has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices by means of a spray jet to output
  • a second dispensing device is designed to dispense material that has been variably dosed by another of the at least two dosing devices by means of a spray jet.
  • the at least one first and second dispensing device are designed such that the material dispensed from the first dispensing device and the material dispensed from the second dispensing device mix with one another as a result of the spray jets overlapping.
  • the mixing takes place in the spray and/or downstream outside the at least one first and second dispenser or preferably generally outside the device.
  • the spray jets are preferably spray cones.
  • metered material can therefore be mixed with variably metered material or variably metered material can be mixed with variably metered material, in particular upstream, in and/or downstream of at least one dispensing device.
  • the mixing with each other takes place in particular continuously (e.g. graduated, continuous).
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices is designed to meter material continuously or approximately continuously variably.
  • the variable dose may be varied over a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, or 180 seconds. It is also possible that the at least two dosing devices expediently dose conventionally at least at times.
  • a continuously changing dosing includes, in particular, a flowing, graded, continuous dosing and/or stepless dosing.
  • an approximately continuously changing dosing includes in particular a stepwise or discontinuous dosing.
  • the approximated continuously changed dosing is approximated in particular by means of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 approximation steps to a continuously changed dosing, whereby advantageously the approximated continuous property change generated on the component compared to the continuous property change with regard to a the load-bearing structure and/or structural requirement profile to be achieved is expediently negligible.
  • the at least one output device is preferably a spraying device in order to spray off material, in particular in order to achieve a planar application of material.
  • the spraying can be done, for example, using a wet or dry spraying process.
  • the at least one output device preferably includes a compressed air connection in order to spray off material with the aid of compressed air.
  • the at least one output device is a feed bar, for example to pour material in layers, in particular to achieve a linear application of material.
  • the feed bar can, for example, have slit-shaped openings (e.g. opposite and/or offset from one another), in particular for receiving material on one side and dispensing material in a defined width on the other side.
  • the materials are preferably dispensed without compressed air.
  • the at least one output device prefferably be a print head or a nozzle in order to output material in the form of drops and/or continuously, in particular in order to apply material pointwise, discretely and/or linearly to achieve.
  • the material is preferably dispensed continuously and/or without compressed air.
  • the device comprises an automated moving device (guiding device) for moving (guiding) the at least one output device.
  • the movement device can pivot, rotate, move horizontally, move vertically, move in an arc, etc., at least one output device.
  • the movement device is used in particular for the exact positioning and/or alignment of the at least one output device.
  • the moving device comprises a placing boom or articulated arm (e.g. multi-articulated placing boom or multi-articulated arm). It is also possible for the moving device to include a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot.
  • the moving device can also include a portal construction, which is preferably movable and/or on which at least one output device is arranged so that it can move, preferably horizontally, axially and/or pivotably.
  • the moving device may comprise a holding structure, which is preferably movable in one axis and/or vertically, and which holds a large number of output devices (e.g. at least three, four, eight or twelve) arranged in a grid pattern, for example.
  • the output devices can advantageously be controlled individually, for example, differently (e.g. for multi-axis property changes) or collectively in the same way (e.g. for uniaxial property changes).
  • the at least two dosing devices are preferably controlled individually during operation. Likewise, several output devices can be controlled individually during operation.
  • the device prefferably has at least one detection device for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing component and/or device-specific status parameter (e.g. status variable, status property, positioning, etc.).
  • the detection can e.g. take place before, during and/or after the production of the component.
  • the detection device can preferably be moved together with the at least one output device and is fastened, for example, to the at least one output device or to the movement device.
  • the detection device prefferably be stationary, ie not moved with the output device or the moving device.
  • the stationary detection device is, for example, positioned outside a formwork for the component or is integrated in the formwork for the component.
  • the device prefferably has a detection device for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is present, for example, within the device (e.g. volume flow, state variable, state property, etc.).
  • the detection can e.g. take place before, during and/or after the production of the component.
  • the component-specific condition parameter includes in particular at least one of the following: geometry, layer thickness, position, dimensions, composition, structure and presence of the material application and thus of the component or at least part of it and any other properties characterizing the component or the material application.
  • the component-influencing condition parameter includes in particular at least one of the following: geometry, position, location, orientation and presence of reinforcement for the component, an installation part for the component or generally other condition parameters found at the manufacturing site of the component that influence the component and/or the manufacturing process, in flight, by means of at least one output device dispensed material (e.g. spray jet(s), etc.), distance of the at least one output device to the material application, to the formwork, to the built-in part, etc.
  • the device-specific condition parameter includes within the scope of the invention in particular at least one of the following: position, orientation and speed of the at least one output device and/or the movement device and parameters characterizing the device in general (eg static and/or dynamic properties).
  • the material-flow-specific status parameter comprises at least one of the following: one or more material volume flows, composition and consistency of the material volume flows, conveying pressure, etc..
  • the above-mentioned status parameters can be, for example, changing, dynamic, static, unchangeable, etc. states, parameters, properties, etc. act.
  • the detection includes in particular a measurement, surveying, detection and/or monitoring.
  • the at least one detection device can thus be a measuring device, measuring device, detection device and/or monitoring device (e.g. sensor, laser sensor, laser point sensor, 3D laser scanner, pressure sensor, etc.), whereby it can be determined, for example, whether the component is being manufactured properly.
  • the device preferably comprises a control device, in particular an electronic control device (e.g. a control and/or regulating device), which is preferably connected to at least one control section (e.g. a controllable and/or controllable section) in order to control the at least one control section and/or the dosing at least to control (e.g. to regulate and/or control) one of the at least two dosing devices, e.g. by means of at least one actuator, valve or other suitable means, preferably in real time.
  • a control device is connected to one of the at least two dosing devices to control the dosing and to the other of the at least two dosing devices to control the dosing so that it is carried out variably, e.g. as mentioned above depending on at least one state parameter described above and/or a computer-generated model described below of the component to be produced.
  • the control device is preferably connected to at least one of the two detection devices and/or the at least one control section by means of a control circuit (control and/or regulation circuit).
  • a control circuit control and/or regulation circuit
  • the control device is preferably designed to control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and/or second detection device, e.g. via the control circuit.
  • the control device is also designed in particular to be produced as a function of a computer-generated model (3D CAD design—CAD: Computer Aided Design).
  • Component in particular data / information representing this to control the at least one control section.
  • the control device can include a memory unit in which the computer-generated model, in particular data/information representing it, can be stored and/or an interface to transfer the computer-generated model, in particular data/information representing it, to the control device.
  • the computer-generated model can include the component geometry to be achieved, the material structure to be achieved and/or the material composition of the component to be achieved (e.g. type, porosity, air void content, pigmentation, distribution of the materials, composition of the materials, fiber and reinforcement content, mechanical properties, etc .).
  • an active control control, regulation or influencing of the at least one control section is possible on the basis of a comparison of the actual and target status, in particular by detecting at least one status parameter (actual variable), comparing with target Size (e.g. from a computer-generated model), corresponding control or influencing of the control section, and if necessary re-recording, comparing, corresponding checking, etc..
  • at least one status parameter actual variable
  • target Size e.g. from a computer-generated model
  • the device has at least one, preferably two, conveying devices (eg pumps, worm pumps, etc.) for conveying the materials, which are preferably arranged upstream of the at least two dosing devices.
  • conveying devices eg pumps, worm pumps, etc.
  • At least one of the at least two dosing devices can be designed as a conveying device.
  • the at least one control section can be one of the following, for example: one of the at least two dosing devices, in order to advantageously control the dosing, the other of the at least two dosing devices, in order to advantageously control the variable dosing, the at least one dispensing device, a plurality of Output devices which, for example, can be controlled individually differently or collectively in the same way, the at least one measure, the movement device and/or the at least two conveyor devices for conveying the materials and other suitable variable device parameters.
  • At least one of the at least two dosing devices can be designed, for example, as a flow limiter, valve, etc.
  • the device may comprise at least three, four, eight or twelve output devices, for example arranged in a grid or in a row adjacent to one another.
  • the output devices for example, to be controlled individually differently (e.g. for multi-axis property changes) or collectively in the same way (e.g. for uniaxial property changes).
  • the at least two dosing devices are in particular arranged in parallel and/or designed for independent dosing.
  • the at least two output devices are also arranged in parallel, which expediently also applies to the at least two conveyor devices.
  • the dosing to be carried out by means of the at least one dosing device and the variable dosing to be carried out by means of the at least one other dosing device to be carried out at the same time, with a time overlap and/or at a time interval, e.g. one after the other.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing at least one concrete component.
  • the method is preferably carried out with an apparatus as described herein.
  • material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices in the method.
  • material for forming the component is variably metered by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices.
  • At least one dispensing device arranged downstream of the at least two dosing devices dispenses material in order to produce the component and to provide it with at least one continuous or approximately continuous property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.
  • the method of the invention may further include one or more of the following features: It is possible that material that was metered by one of the at least two metering devices and material that was variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices are mixed together, and preferably a mixing ratio is formed, wherein by varying the mixing ratio, the property change is achieved.
  • material that was metered by one of the at least two metering devices and material that was variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices can be mixed with one another by means of at least one mixing device that is upstream of the at least one dispensing device or in the at least one dispensing device is arranged.
  • At least a first dispenser may dispense material metered by the one of the at least two metering devices using a spray jet and a second dispenser may dispense material variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices using a spray jet.
  • the material dispensed from the first dispenser and that from the second Material dispensed from the dispenser may mix with each other due to the overlapping of the spray jets.
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices preferably meters material continuously or approximately continuously.
  • the at least one output device can e.g. B. be a spray device that sprays material, in particular to achieve a planar application of material.
  • the at least one output device can be a feed bar that pours material, in particular in order to achieve a linear application of material.
  • the at least one output device can also be a print head or a nozzle, which outputs material in the form of drops or continuously, in particular in order to achieve point-by-point or discrete application of material.
  • the at least one output device is moved by means of an automated moving device.
  • At least one component-specific, component-influencing and/or device-specific condition parameter can be detected using at least one first detection device, with the at least one detection device preferably being moved together with the at least one output device or being stationary.
  • At least one material flow-specific condition parameter which is present within the device for producing the component, is detected by means of at least one second detection device.
  • a control device can expediently control at least one control section or the dosing of at least one of the at least two dosing devices, preferably in real time.
  • the control device can preferably control the at least one control section depending on the at least one status parameter detected by the first and/or second detection device.
  • the control device can expediently control the at least one control section as a function of a computer-generated model of the component to be produced.
  • the at least one control section preferably comprises at least one of the following: one of the at least two dosing devices, the other of the at least two dosing devices, in particular to control the variable dosing, the at least one output device, a large number of output devices, which are individually different or collectively the same are controllable, the at least one mixing device, the moving device, and/or at least one of at least two conveying devices for conveying the materials.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a device 1 for producing a component according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the component to be manufactured is a concrete component.
  • the device 1 has three separate metering devices 10 arranged in parallel, which can be supplied with different materials for forming the component via three parallel feeds 20 .
  • the materials can, for example, be supplied to the three dosing devices 10 in quasi-pure form or as mixtures.
  • the three dosing devices 10 are designed to dose the material fed to them continuously, in particular in a changeable manner.
  • the device 1 includes a measure 40.1 which ensures that the metered materials are mixed with one another.
  • the measure 40.1 is formed by a mixing device, which is arranged downstream of the three dosing devices 10.
  • the device 1 also includes three parallel Conveyors 80 for conveying the materials.
  • the device 1 also includes a dispensing device 30 arranged downstream of the three dosing devices and downstream of the measure 40.1 for dispensing the metered and mixed materials by means of a spray jet ST in order to generate a material application MA in a formwork 100 and to produce the component.
  • the component is manufactured in such a way that it is provided with at least one functional, continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
  • the device 1 also comprises a movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 during the manufacture of the component and a detection device 60, which with reference to FIG Figures 11 to 14 be described in more detail.
  • the device 1 comprises a control section (in figure 1 schematically indicated by the arrow) and a control device (control/regulating device) 70 which is connected to the control section and the detection device 60 .
  • the control device 70 is designed to control the control section, for example by means of one or more actuators, depending on the state parameters detected by the detection device 60 and depending on a 3D CAD model (CAD: Computer Added Design) of the component to be produced.
  • the control section includes the movement device 50 and the three dosing devices 10, which makes it possible in particular to control the continuous dosing. It is also possible for the control section to include other devices of the device 1, for example the mixing device 40.1, the output device 30 and the conveyor devices 80.
  • the control can also be recorded as an alternative or in addition as a function material flow-specific status parameters that are present during the manufacturing process within the device 1 and are detected by means of a further detection device (not shown) connected to the control device 70 .
  • figure 2 shows schematically a mixing principle according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the mixing principle is based on two eg homogeneous starting mixtures A and B, which preferably have reciprocal properties (eg starting mixture A with high density, high strength and high thermal conductivity and starting mixture B with low density, low strength and low thermal conductivity).
  • figure 3 shows schematically a mixing principle according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the mixing principle is based on an initial mixture that is modified by adding other materials such as aggregates (e.g. gravel, sand, crushed stone or other common concrete aggregates) and/or additives (e.g. color pigments, organic substances, fibers and other common concrete additives).
  • figure 4 shows schematically a mixing principle according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the mixing principle is based on the fact that the materials used to form the component, such as water, cement, aggregates, additives and additives, are mixed with one another in virtually pure form.
  • the continuous change in properties is achieved by varying the mixing ratio of the starting materials and in particular by suitably variable dosing of the starting materials.
  • FIG 5 shows a measure 40.1 according to an embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another.
  • the measure 40.1 includes a mixing device that is arranged upstream of the dispenser 30 .
  • the mixing device can be a continuous mixer, for example.
  • FIG 6 shows a measure 40.2 according to another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another.
  • Measure 40.2 includes a mixing device that is housed in the dispensing device 30.
  • the mixing device can be, for example, a mixing device that produces a mixture as a result of the geometry of its mixing chamber, or a mixing device that produces a mixture by swirling compressed air (for example with the aid of an annular nozzle).
  • FIG 7 shows a measure 40.3 according to yet another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another.
  • Measure 40.3 comprises two dispensing devices 30 which are designed in such a way that the materials are dispensed by means of spray jets and are mixed with one another by the spray jets overlapping, which consequently takes place downstream outside the two dispensing devices 30.
  • the mixing process can take place, for example, by means of a wet or dry spraying process, in which preferably two homogeneous starting mixtures, for example, have been conveyed in parallel beforehand and dosed separately.
  • figure 8 shows schematically a material application MA according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the output device 30 shown is designed as a print head or nozzle in order to output the materials in the form of drops and/or continuously, as a result of which a point-by-point or discrete application of material is achieved.
  • the material is applied without compressed air.
  • FIG 9 shows schematically an application of material MA according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the output device 30 is embodied as a feed bar in order to cast the materials for forming the component, preferably in layers, as a result of which a linear application of material MA is achieved.
  • the feed bar comprises slit-shaped openings, which are arranged opposite one another or offset from one another, for receiving material on one side and dispensing material in a defined width on the other side.
  • the width of the insertion bar is less than or equal to the width of formwork 100.
  • the material is applied without compressed air.
  • FIG 10 shows schematically a material application MA according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the dispensing device 30 is designed as a spraying device in order to spray off the materials for forming the component, as a result of which a planar application of material is achieved. Spraying can be done using a wet or dry spraying process. The material is applied using compressed air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the mover 50 is a placing boom or articulated arm with multiple degrees of freedom.
  • the moving device 50 can be a 5-axis or 6-axis robot, for example.
  • the spray axis of the dispensing device 30 can thus always be aligned orthogonally to the tangential plane at the application site.
  • Possible places of use are, for example: in situ, prefabricated part factory or field factory. This embodiment advantageously allows, for example, curved components.
  • the arrows shown symbolize the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 as an example.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the movement device 50 comprises a portal construction on which an output device 30 is movably mounted, eg horizontally and vertically movable and, if required, pivotable.
  • the portal construction can be moved horizontally.
  • the arrows shown symbolize the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 and the output device 30.
  • figure 13 12 shows an automated moving device 50 for moving a plurality of output devices 30 according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the mover 50 includes a moveable support structure that supports a plurality of output devices 30 arranged in a grid.
  • the holding structure and thus the grid from the plurality of output devices 30 are preferably uniaxial and, in particular, vertically movable.
  • figure 14 shows a schematic representation of states that can be found before and during the production of the component at the manufacturing site of the component and several detection devices 60, 60', 60" for detecting corresponding status parameters.
  • the detection devices 60 and 60' are used to measure and detect component-specific (e.g. composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.), components influencing (e.g. formwork 100, reinforcement 101, built-in part 102, temperature, humidity, etc.) and device-specific (e.g. position, speed, orientation, etc. of the output device 30 or the movement device 50) state parameters.
  • component-specific e.g. composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.
  • components influencing e.g. formwork 100, reinforcement 101, built-in part 102, temperature, humidity, etc.
  • device-specific e.g. position, speed, orientation, etc. of the output device 30 or the movement device 50
  • the detection device 60' is stationary, independent of the output device 30 and is designed as a 3D laser scanner.
  • the detection device 60" is integrated in the formwork 100 and can, for example, detect the weight of the material application or the presence of material application.
  • the detection device 60" is designed as a pressure sensor.
  • the detection devices 60, 60' and 60" and their output data are integrated into the process chain for manufacturing the component and taken into account.
  • the control section i.e. in particular the variable device parameters
  • the control section can be activated in real time.
  • FIG 15 shows a schematic representation of the principle according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiment comprises two material containers X and Y arranged in parallel, two parallel conveying devices 80, two parallel dosing devices 10 and two parallel dispensing devices 30.
  • the two dispensing devices 30 each comprise a compressed air connection 31 for compressed air-assisted dispensing.
  • the material container X is intended for a starting mixture A.
  • the starting mixture A is conveyed by the conveying device 80 to the dosing device 10, dosed by the dosing device 10, and forwarded to the dispensing device 30, which outputs the starting mixture A by means of a spray jet ST1.
  • the material container Y is intended for a starting mixture B.
  • the starting mixture B is conveyed by the other conveyor device 80 to the other metering device 10, dosed continuously variable by the other metering device 10, and forwarded to the other dispensing device 30, which outputs the starting mixture B by means of a spray jet ST2.
  • the dispensing devices 30 are designed in such a way that the spray jets ST1, ST2 overlap and the starting materials A, B are thus mixed with one another.
  • FIG 16 shows yet another embodiment of the invention, in which three dispensing devices 30 are designed to dispense material by means of a spray jet ST1, ST2, ST3. Additives are fed to one of the dispensers 30, an initial mixture is fed to another dispenser 30, and additives are fed to the remaining dispenser 30.
  • the output devices 30 are designed in such a way that the aggregate spray jet ST1, the starting mixture spray jet ST3 and the additional spray jet ST2 overlap in such a way that the aggregates, the starting mixture and the additives are mixed with one another.
  • figure 17 shows a schematic representation of a component BT with a continuous (graded) or approximately continuous (graded) property change in one spatial direction.
  • the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are flat components, walls, cladding panels, etc..
  • figure 18 shows a schematic representation of a component BT with a continuous (graded) or approximately continuous (graded) property change in two spatial directions.
  • the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are cylindrical components, supports, pipes, etc..
  • figure 19 shows a schematic representation of a component BT with a continuous (graded) or approximately continuous (graded) property change in three spatial directions.
  • the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are floor slabs, beams, cantilevers, etc..
  • the figure 20 shows schematically the generation and the structure or the microstructure of the continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property changes by varying the material composition and in particular the mixing ratio of the materials dosed by the at least two dosing devices 10 .
  • Variable parameters are, for example, the content, the size, the packing density, the type, the alignment and the ratio of the different materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a component, which is carried out with the device 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30 .
  • a different type of material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to another dosing device 30.
  • the material A is controlled (e.g. controlled or regulated) by means of a control device, for example.
  • the material B is variably metered, e.g. by means of the control device (e.g. controlled or regulated).
  • the material A is fed to an output device 30 in a step S3.
  • the material B is fed to another output device 30.
  • a step S4 the material A is discharged from the one discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet and the material B is discharged from the other discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet.
  • the two spray jets overlap in such a way that materials A and B are mixed together.
  • the mixing thus takes place downstream of the dispensing devices 30 in the spray.
  • a component with a continuous or approximately continuous change in properties can be produced by suitable dosing of the materials A and B, suitable variation of the mixing ratio of the materials A and B and suitable movement of the output devices 30 by means of the movement device 50 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing a component, which is carried out with the device 1, according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30 .
  • a material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to another dosing device 30.
  • the material A is controlled (e.g. controlled or regulated) by means of a control device, for example.
  • the material B is variably metered, e.g. by means of a control device (e.g. controlled or regulated).
  • the material A is fed to an output device 30 in a step S3.
  • the material B is fed to the same output device 30.
  • a step S4 the materials A and B are mixed with one another inside the output device 30 by means of a mixing device.
  • the materials A and B it is possible for the materials A and B to be mixed with one another upstream outside of the dispensing device 30 by means of a mixing device.
  • a step S5 the mixed materials A and B are discharged from the discharge device 30 to produce a component.
  • the component is produced in such a way that it is provided with a graded change in properties in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.
  • Steps executed in parallel can also be carried out with a time overlap and/or one after the other, for example.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de fabrication d'au moins un élément constitutif en béton, avec
    - au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), dans lequel au moins un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) est réalisé afin de doser du matériau pour la réalisation de l'élément constitutif, et au moins un autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) est réalisé afin de doser de manière modifiable du matériau pour la réalisation de l'élément constitutif,
    - au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) agencé en aval des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) qui est réalisé afin de distribuer du matériau afin de fabriquer l'élément constitutif et de le pourvoir d'au moins une modification de caractéristique continue ou approximativement continue dans au moins un sens spatial,
    - un dispositif de contrôle (70) afin de contrôler le dosage des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle est relié à l'un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage afin de contrôler le dosage, et est relié à l'autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage afin de contrôler le dosage de sorte qu'il soit réalisé de manière modifiable pour que l'élément constitutif soit pourvu d'au moins une modification de caractéristique continue ou approximativement continue dans au moins un sens spatial, et
    - un dispositif de déplacement (50) automatisé pour le déplacement d'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30), dans lequel le dispositif de déplacement (50) comporte un mât de distribution ou bras d'articulation.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins une mesure (40.1; 40.2 ; 40.3) qui veille à ce que du matériau qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), et du matériau qui a été dosé de manière modifiable par l'autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), soient mélangés entre eux et forment de préférence un rapport de mélange, dans lequel la modification de caractéristique est obtenue par variation du rapport de mélange.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le dispositif comporte au moins un dispositif de mélange (40.1; 40.2) qui est agencé en amont d'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) ou dans l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) et est réalisé afin de mélanger entre eux du matériau qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) et du matériau qui a été dosé de manière modifiable par l'autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10).
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins un premier dispositif de distribution (30) afin de distribuer du matériau qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), au moyen d'un jet de rinçage (ST1) et un second dispositif de distribution (30) afin de distribuer du matériau qui a été dosé de manière modifiable par l'autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10), au moyen d'un jet de rinçage (ST2), et l'au moins un premier et second dispositif de distribution (30) sont réalisés de sorte que le matériau distribué du premier dispositif de distribution (30) et le matériau distribué du second dispositif de distribution (30) se mélangent entre eux par chevauchement des jets de rinçage (ST1, ST2).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) est réalisé afin de doser de manière modifiable du matériau en continu ou approximativement en continu.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins une des caractéristiques suivantes :
    a) l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) est un dispositif de rinçage afin de rincer du matériau, en particulier afin d'obtenir une application de matériau à plat ; ou
    b) l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) est une baguette d'introduction afin de couler du matériau, en particulier afin d'obtenir une application de matériau linéaire ; ou
    c) l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) est une tête d'impression ou une buse afin de distribuer du matériau en forme de goutte ou en continu en particulier afin d'obtenir une application de matériau ponctuelle ou discrète ; et/ou
    d) au moins trois dispositifs de distribution (30) sont agencés en forme de trame.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de déplacement (50)
    - comporte un robot, en particulier un robot à 5 axes ou 6 axes, et/ou
    - comporte une construction de maintien qui maintient une pluralité de dispositifs de distribution (30) agencés en forme de trame, et/ou
    - comporte une construction en portique qui est de préférence déplaçable et/ou est agencée de manière mobile sur l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) de préférence.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins un premier dispositif de détection (60) pour la détection d'au moins un paramètre d'état spécifique à l'élément constitutif, influant l'élément constitutif et/ou spécifique au dispositif.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le premier dispositif de détection (60)
    - est mobile conjointement avec l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30), ou
    - est stationnaire, en particulier positionné en dehors d'un coffrage (100) pour l'élément constitutif ou intégré dans le coffrage (100) pour l'élément constitutif.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 8 ou 9, dans lequel le dispositif comporte un second dispositif de détection pour la détection au moins d'un paramètre d'état spécifique au courant de matériau qui se présente dans le dispositif.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle (70) est réalisé afin de contrôler au moins une section de contrôle, de préférence en temps réel, dans lequel de préférence, le dispositif de contrôle (70) est réalisé afin de contrôler l'au moins une section de contrôle en fonction d'au moins un paramètre d'état détecté par le premier et/ou second dispositif de détection, et/ou de contrôler l'au moins une section de contrôle en fonction d'un modèle généré par ordinateur de l'élément constitutif à fabriquer ou au moins une partie de l'élément constitutif à fabriquer.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, dans lequel l'au moins une section de contrôle comporte au moins un de ce qui suit :
    - l'un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) en particulier afin de contrôler le dosage,
    - l'autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) en particulier afin de contrôler le dosage modifiable,
    - l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30),
    - une pluralité de dispositifs de distribution (30) qui sont contrôlables individuellement différemment ou collectivement de manière identique,
    - l'au moins un dispositif de mélange,
    - le dispositif de déplacement (50),
    - au moins un des au moins deux dispositifs de transport (80) pour le transport des matériaux.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle (70) est un dispositif de commande et/ou de régulation.
  14. Procédé de fabrication d'au moins un élément constitutif en béton, de préférence réalisé au moyen d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - du matériau est dosé pour la réalisation de l'élément constitutif au moyen d'au moins un des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10),
    - du matériau est dosé de manière modifiable pour la réalisation de l'élément constitutif au moyen d'au moins un autre des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10),
    - du matériau est distribué au moyen d'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) agencé en aval des au moins deux dispositifs de dosage (10) afin de fabriquer l'élément constitutif et de le pourvoir d'au moins une modification de caractéristique continue ou approximativement continue dans au moins un sens spatial, et
    - l'au moins un dispositif de distribution (30) est déplacé au moyen d'un dispositif de déplacement (50) automatisé, dans lequel le dispositif de déplacement (50) comporte un mât de distribution ou bras d'articulation.
EP17178647.8A 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments constitutifs présentant au moins une modification de caractéristique continue Active EP3263301B1 (fr)

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DE102011102337A DE102011102337A1 (de) 2011-05-25 2011-05-25 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen mit zumindest einer kontinuierlichen Eigenschaftsänderung
EP12724912.6A EP2714352B1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue
PCT/EP2012/002255 WO2012159770A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue

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EP22214921.3A Division-Into EP4169686A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue

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EP12724912.6A Active EP2714352B1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue
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EP (3) EP3263301B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103561923B (fr)
DE (1) DE102011102337A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2012159770A1 (fr)

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DE102018206373B3 (de) 2018-04-25 2019-04-25 Materialforschungs- und -prüfanstalt an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Verfahren zur Herstellung von gradiertem Beton, nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Betonelement und dessen Verwendung
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CN103561923B (zh) 2017-05-31
DE102011102337A1 (de) 2012-11-29
EP4169686A1 (fr) 2023-04-26
WO2012159770A1 (fr) 2012-11-29
EP2714352A1 (fr) 2014-04-09
EP2714352B1 (fr) 2017-07-05
CN103561923A (zh) 2014-02-05
EP3263301A1 (fr) 2018-01-03
RU2013157585A (ru) 2015-06-27

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