EP2714352B1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2714352B1
EP2714352B1 EP12724912.6A EP12724912A EP2714352B1 EP 2714352 B1 EP2714352 B1 EP 2714352B1 EP 12724912 A EP12724912 A EP 12724912A EP 2714352 B1 EP2714352 B1 EP 2714352B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
metering devices
dispensing
metering
devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12724912.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2714352A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Sobek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Werner Sobek Group GmbH
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP17178647.8A priority Critical patent/EP3263301B1/fr
Priority to EP22214921.3A priority patent/EP4169686A1/fr
Publication of EP2714352A1 publication Critical patent/EP2714352A1/fr
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Publication of EP2714352B1 publication Critical patent/EP2714352B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
    • B28C5/02—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing
    • B28C5/06—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing the mixing being effected by the action of a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/0404—Proportioning
    • B28C7/0418—Proportioning control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing at least one concrete component, which is provided with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
  • the invention further relates to a corresponding manufacturing method.
  • US 4,798,694 A For example, a method for producing a composite material is known. In the process, various components are mixed, the mixture is placed in a rotary vessel and the rotary vessel is rotated at a controlled rate.
  • the US 5,498,383 A the US 2008/079185 A1 , the JP 2002 292611 A and the JP 2004 079332 A to get expelled.
  • DE 196 08 754 A1 z. B. discloses a device for applying atomizable media by means of a rotating spray jet.
  • an apparatus for producing at least one component, namely a concrete component.
  • the device has at least two, preferably separate and / or parallel, metering devices, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices is designed to meter material for the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices is formed, material for the component expedient at least temporarily variable to dose.
  • the device further comprises at least one output device to output the metered and / or variably metered material.
  • the component is advantageously produced such that it is provided with at least one continuous (in particular graded) or approximated continuous (in particular graded) property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.
  • the property change is expedient a functional property change.
  • continuous property change the “at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change” is usually referred to below as “continuous property change”.
  • the continuous change in the properties advantageously makes it possible for the component to be adapted to a structural physical and / or structural structural requirement profile (which actually occurs).
  • the component composition / structure preferably follows a building physics and / or structural requirement profile.
  • an improvement in the thermal insulation properties and a multifunctionality eg carrying, insulating, sealing
  • an improvement in the component properties can be achieved by a local adaptation of the porosity and thus the strength and rigidity to actually occurring stress states in the component, eg by means of lightweight aggregates, pore formers, etc. Consequently, a mass and material savings and, for example, lower Component dimensions feasible, resulting in a more positive life cycle assessment leads compared to conventional components. In building construction, the mass and material savings also lead advantageously to a gain in usable space.
  • the continuous change in properties can ensure a permanent bond of component regions of different material, in particular concrete composition.
  • the continuous change in properties can be used in addition to the adaptation of the component to load-structural and structural-physical requirement profiles and the adaptation of the component to economic and environmental requirement profiles.
  • resource efficiency CO 2 -Fußabdruck reduction of embodied energy in the component, and / or improved recyclability, etc. can be achieved.
  • the continuous change in properties relates in particular to at least one of the following: thermal conductivity, strength, rigidity, bulk density, porosity, air-entraining, pigmentation, water content, fiber content, water vapor diffusion resistance, water penetration depth and content and type of aggregates, additives, additives and other possible component components, in particular concrete component components.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce varietally pure, e.g. purely mineral and yet multifunctional components.
  • varietally pure e.g. purely mineral and yet multifunctional components.
  • the component is particularly used in civil engineering and / or civil engineering and can be designed, for example, as part of the building shell, Exterior wall, cladding panel, as part of the structure, floor slab, beam, wall, beam, beam, column, column wall, foundation, noise barrier, exterior design, partition wall, tunnel wall, bridge construction, deck plate, tank, pipe, etc.
  • the continuous property change comprises, in particular, a flowing, graded, continuous and / or stepless change in property.
  • the approximated continuous property change comprises in particular a stepwise or discontinuous property change, e.g. can be achieved by means of a multilayer structure or another suitable approximation structure.
  • the approximated continuous property change, in particular the multi-layer structure is preferably approximated to a continuous property change such that the deviation from the continuous property change is expediently negligible with regard to a structural-structural and / or structural-physical requirement profile to be achieved.
  • the approximated continuous property change may be approximated by a multilayer structure having at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 different layers to a continuous property change.
  • the property change can be formed in the component interior and / or on the surface of the component.
  • the at least one dispensing device is formed downstream of the at least two metering devices.
  • the material supplied to a metering device is different from that of the other metering device supplied material, for example in nature, composition and / or Property. It is particularly preferred that the material fed to a metering device has reciprocal or opposite properties relative to the material supplied to the other metering device, for example one with high density, strength and thermal conductivity and the other with low density, strength and thermal conductivity.
  • material in the context of the invention includes in particular also materials and / or a material mixture, e.g. liquid material, granulated material, water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, air pores, functional materials, gypsum, plaster, fibers, displacement bodies, foam plastic bodies, hollow bodies or other e.g. prefabricated functional bodies (of any size, geometry and / or density, for example with diameters of several centimeters, approximately greater than 5, 10, 15 or 20 cm, preferably of ultrahigh-strength fiber fine grain concrete), etc. and / or a mixture thereof.
  • the material can be provided in quasi pure form and / or mixed form.
  • the at least two metering devices are designed to dose material to form the component variable.
  • the device comprises a measure which ensures that a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices are mixed with one another.
  • the at least one measure is formed downstream of the at least two metering devices. It is possible that the continuous property change is achieved by the variable metering and / or by varying the mixing ratio of the materials.
  • the changeable Dosage and / or the variation is preferably carried out continuously (eg graded), in particular fluently.
  • the device comprises at least one mixing device (eg a continuous mixer, a continuous mixer, a mixer mixing through the geometry of its mixing chamber, a static mixer, a dynamic mixer, a mixing device mixed by means of compressed air turbulence (eg with the aid of a Ring nozzle), etc.).
  • the mixing device is designed to mix a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices.
  • the mixing device can be arranged upstream of the at least one output device or within the at least one output device.
  • the device has at least two, three or more than three preferably parallel arranged output devices to output material.
  • the at least two dispensing devices are preferably arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices.
  • At least one first dispensing device is designed to dispense material that has been metered by one of the at least two dispensing devices by means of a spray jet
  • a second dispensing device is configured, to output material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices by means of a spray jet.
  • the at least one first and second output device are designed such that the material output from the first output device and the material output from the second output device mix by intersecting the spray jets.
  • the mixing takes place in the spray mist and / or downstream outside the at least one first and second output devices or preferably generally outside the device.
  • the sprays are preferably spray cones.
  • metered material can be mixed with variably metered material or variably metered material are mixed with variably metered material, in particular upstream, in and / or downstream of at least one output device.
  • the intermixing is particularly continuous (e.g., graded, continuous).
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices is formed (preferably the at least two metering devices) in order to continuously or variably meter material continuously variable.
  • the variable dosage may be varied over a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, or 180 seconds. It is also possible for the at least two metering devices to dose conventionally, at least temporarily, appropriately.
  • a continuously changed dosing in particular comprises a flowing, graded, continuous and / or continuous dosing.
  • an approximated, continuously varied metering comprises a stepwise or unsteady metering.
  • the approximated continuously changed metering is in particular approximated by means of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 approximation steps to a continuously changed metering, whereby the approximated continuous property change generated on the component compared to the continuous property change with respect to a achievable Trag Modellelles and / or building physics requirement profile is expedient negligible.
  • the at least one dispensing device is preferably a dispensing device for spraying off material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application.
  • the spraying can be done for example by means of a wet or dry spray process.
  • the at least one output device comprises a compressed air connection in order to spray off material supported by compressed air.
  • the at least one dispenser may be an infeed bar to remove material e.g. pour layer by layer, especially to achieve a linear material application.
  • the insertion bar may e.g. Slit-shaped openings (for example, opposite and / or offset from each other), in particular for receiving material on one side and material output in a defined width on the other side.
  • the output of the materials preferably takes place without compressed air.
  • the at least one dispensing device prefferably be a print head or a nozzle for dispensing material drop-shaped and / or continuously, in particular for point-wise, discrete and / or linear material application to achieve.
  • the output of the material takes place continuously and / or without compressed air.
  • the device comprises an automated movement device (guide device) for moving (guiding) the at least one output device.
  • the moving means may comprise the at least one output means e.g. pivot, rotate, move horizontally, move vertically, move in an arc, etc ..
  • the movement device is used in particular for exact positioning and / or aligning the at least one output device.
  • the movement device comprises a distributor mast or articulated arm (eg multi-joint distributor mast or multi-joint arm) or a gantry structure which is movable and / or movably arranged on the at least one dispensing device, preferably horizontally, axially and / or pivotably.
  • a distributor mast or articulated arm eg multi-joint distributor mast or multi-joint arm
  • a gantry structure which is movable and / or movably arranged on the at least one dispensing device, preferably horizontally, axially and / or pivotably.
  • the movement device may comprise a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot.
  • the movement device comprises a preferably uniaxially and / or vertically movable holding structure which holds a multiplicity of, for example, grid-shaped output devices (eg at least three, four, eight or twelve).
  • the output devices for example, individually different (eg for multi-axis property change) or collectively the same (eg for uniaxial property change) can be controlled.
  • the device has at least one detection device for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter (for example state variable, state property, positioning, etc.).
  • the detection may e.g. before, during and / or after the manufacture of the component.
  • the detection device is preferably movable together with the at least one output device and, e.g. attached to the at least one output device or to the movement device.
  • the detection device prefferably be stationary, ie not moved with the output device or the movement device.
  • the stationary detection device is e.g. positioned outside a formwork for the component or integrated in the formwork for the component.
  • the device prefferably has a detection device for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is e.g. is present within the device (e.g., volume flow, state size, state property, etc.).
  • the detection may e.g. before, during and / or after the manufacture of the component.
  • the component-specific state parameter comprises in particular at least one of the following: geometry, layer thickness, position, dimension, composition, texture and presence of the material application and thus of the component or at least a part thereof and any other properties characterizing the component or the material application.
  • the component-influencing condition parameter comprises in particular at least one of the following: geometry, position, position, orientation and presence of a reinforcement for the component, an installation part for the component or in general other state parameters affecting the component and / or the production process that are present at the production location of the component, by means of at least one output device output material (eg spray jet (s), etc.), distance of the at least one output device for material application, formwork, installation part, etc.
  • output device output material eg spray jet (s), etc.
  • the device-specific state parameter comprises within the scope of the invention in particular at least one of the following: position, position, orientation and speed of the at least one output device and / or the movement device and generally the device characterizing parameters (eg static and / or dynamic properties).
  • the material flow-specific state parameter encompasses at least one of the following: one or more material volume flows, composition and consistency of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc.
  • the above-mentioned state parameters may include, for example, changing, dynamic, static, immutable, etc. States, characteristics, properties, etc. act.
  • the detection comprises in particular measuring, measuring, detecting and / or monitoring.
  • the at least one detection device can thus be a measuring device, measuring device, detection device and / or monitoring device (eg sensor, laser sensor, laser point sensor, 3D laser scanner, pressure sensor, etc.), whereby it can be determined, for example, whether the component is manufactured correctly.
  • the device comprises a particular electronic control device (eg, a control and / or regulating device), which is preferably connected to at least one control section (eg, a controllable and / or controllable section) to at least one control section and / or dosing at least one of the at least two metering devices eg by means of at least one actuator, actuator, valve, or other suitable means of controlling (e.g., controlling and / or controlling), preferably in real time.
  • a particular electronic control device eg, a control and / or regulating device
  • at least one control section eg, a controllable and / or controllable section
  • at least one control section eg, a controllable and / or controllable section
  • dosing at least one of the at least two metering devices eg by means of at least one actuator, actuator, valve, or other suitable means of controlling (e.g., controlling and / or controlling), preferably in real time.
  • a control device is connected to one of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering and / or connected to the other of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering in such a way that it is variable; eg as mentioned above, as a function of at least one of the state parameters described above and / or a computer-generated model of the component to be produced described below.
  • the control device is preferably connected to at least one of the two detection devices and / or the at least one control section by means of a control circuit (control and / or regulating circuit).
  • the control device is preferably designed to control the at least one control section in dependence on the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device, e.g. to control over the control circuit.
  • control device is designed in particular in dependence on a computer-generated model (3D CAD design - CAD: Computer Aided Design) of the product to be produced Component, in particular this performing data / information to control the at least one control section.
  • control device may comprise, for example, a memory unit in which the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information can be stored, and / or an interface for transferring the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information, into the control device.
  • the computer-generated model can include the component geometry to be achieved, the material structure to be achieved and / or the material composition of the component to be achieved (eg type, porosity, air pore content, pigmentation, distribution of the materials, composition of the materials, fiber and reinforcement content, mechanical properties, etc .).
  • the material composition of the component to be achieved eg type, porosity, air pore content, pigmentation, distribution of the materials, composition of the materials, fiber and reinforcement content, mechanical properties, etc .
  • an active control control, regulation or influencing of the at least one control section on the basis of a comparison of actual and desired state is possible, in particular by detecting at least one state parameter (actual size), comparing with target value. Size (eg from computer-generated model), appropriate control or influence of the control section, and if necessary, re-capture, compare, appropriate control, etc ..
  • the device has at least one, preferably two, conveying devices (eg pumps, screw pumps, etc.) for conveying the materials, which are preferably arranged upstream of the at least two metering devices.
  • conveying devices eg pumps, screw pumps, etc.
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices can be designed as a conveyor.
  • the at least one control section may e.g. one of the following: the one of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the metering, the other of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the variable metering, the at least one dispenser, a plurality of dispensers, e.g. individually different or collectively identically controllable, the at least one measure, the moving means and / or the at least two conveyors for conveying the materials and other suitable variable device parameters.
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices e.g. as a flow restrictor, valve, etc. may be formed.
  • the device comprises at least three, four, eight or twelve dispensers, e.g. are arranged in a grid or in series adjacent to each other.
  • the output devices e.g. individually different (e.g., for multi-axis property change) or collectively the same (e.g., for uniaxial property change).
  • the at least two metering devices are arranged in particular in parallel and / or designed for independent metering.
  • the at least two output devices are also arranged in particular in parallel, which also applies expediently to the at least two conveyors.
  • the metering to be carried out by means of the at least one metering device and the variable metering to be carried out by means of the at least one other metering device to be simultaneously, temporally overlapping and / or temporally spaced, e.g. is performed sequentially.
  • the invention also includes a method for producing at least one component, namely a concrete component.
  • the method is preferably carried out with a device as described herein.
  • material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices.
  • material for forming the component is variably metered by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices.
  • material for forming the component is variably metered by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices.
  • material for forming the component is produced to produce the component and provided with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.
  • material metered by one of the at least two metering devices and material variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices may be mixed together by at least one mixing device upstream of the at least one dispenser or in the at least one dispenser is arranged.
  • At least one first dispenser dispenses material dispensed from one of the at least two dispensers by means of a spray jet
  • a second dispenser dispenses material variably dispensed from the other of the at least two dispensers by means of a spray jet.
  • the output from the first output device material and that of the second Issued output material material mix by overlapping the spray with each other.
  • At least one of the at least two metering devices meters material continuously or approximates continuously.
  • the at least one output device is moved by means of an automated movement device.
  • At least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter is detected by means of at least one first detection device, wherein preferably the at least one detection device is moved together with the at least one output device or is stationary.
  • At least one material-flow-specific state parameter which is present within the device for producing the component, to be detected by means of at least one second detection device.
  • a control device may expediently control at least one control section or the metering of at least one of the at least two metering devices, preferably in real time.
  • the control device may preferably control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device.
  • the control device may expediently control the at least one control section as a function of a computer-generated model of the component to be produced.
  • the at least one control section preferably comprises at least one of the following: one of the at least two metering devices, the other of the at least two metering devices, in particular to control the variable metering, the at least one dispensing device, a plurality of dispensing devices individually individually or collectively the same are controllable, the at least one mixing device, the movement device, and / or at least one of at least two conveyors for conveying the materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an understanding of the invention facilitating schematic diagram of an apparatus 1 for manufacturing a component.
  • the component to be manufactured is a concrete component.
  • the device 1 has three separate, parallel-arranged metering devices 10, the can be supplied via three parallel feeds 20 with different materials for forming the component.
  • the materials can be supplied to the three metering devices 10, for example in virtually pure form or as mixtures.
  • the three metering devices 10 are designed to meter the material supplied to them continuously, in particular in a graded variable manner.
  • the device 1 comprises a measure 40.1, which ensures that the metered materials are mixed together.
  • the measure 40.1 is formed by a mixing device which is arranged downstream of the three metering devices 10.
  • the apparatus 1 also comprises three parallel conveyors 80 for conveying the materials.
  • the apparatus 1 further comprises an output device 30 arranged downstream of the three metering devices and downstream of the measure 40.1 for dispensing the metered and mixed materials by means of a spray jet ST in order to produce a material application MA in a formwork 100 and to produce the component.
  • the component is produced such that it is provided with at least one functional continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.
  • the device 1 also comprises a movement device 50 for moving the delivery device 30 during the manufacture of the component and a detection device 60, which is described with reference to FIGS FIGS. 11 to 14 be described in more detail.
  • the device 1 comprises a control section (in FIG. 1 schematically indicated by means of the arrow) and a control device (control / regulating device) 70 which is connected to the control section and the detection device 60 is.
  • the control device 70 is designed to control the control section, for example by means of one or more actuators, depending on the state parameters detected by the detection device 60 and in dependence on a 3D CAD model (CAD: Computer Added Design) of the component to be produced.
  • the control section comprises the movement device 50 and the three metering devices 10, which makes it possible in particular to control the continuous metering. It is also possible for the control section to comprise further devices of the device 1, for example the mixing device 40.1, the dispensing device 30 and the conveying devices 80.
  • the checking may alternatively or additionally be carried out as a function of detected material flow-specific state parameters which occur during the production process within the device 1 be present and detected by a further, not shown, connected to the control device 70 detection device.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a mixing principle.
  • the mixing principle is based on two, for example, homogeneous starting mixtures A and B, which preferably have reciprocal properties (eg starting mixture A with high density, high strength and high thermal conductivity and starting mixture B with low density, low strength and low thermal conductivity).
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a mixing principle.
  • the mixing principle is based on a starting mixture which is modified by mixing in other materials such as aggregates (eg gravel, sand, gravel or other common aggregates) and / or additives (eg color pigments, organic substances, fibers and other common concrete admixtures).
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a mixing principle.
  • the mixing principle is based on the fact that the materials for the formation of the component, such as water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, are virtually mixed together in pure form.
  • the continuous property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio of the starting materials and, in particular, by suitably varying the dosage of the starting materials.
  • FIG. 5 shows a measure 40.1, which ensures that the different materials for the formation of the component are mixed together.
  • the measure 40.1 comprises a mixing device, which is arranged upstream of the dispensing device 30.
  • the mixing device may be, for example, a continuous mixer.
  • FIG. 6 shows a measure 40.2, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed together.
  • the measure 40.2 comprises a mixing device which is accommodated in the output device 30.
  • the mixing device may, for example, be a mixing device which generates a mixture by the geometry of its mixing chamber, or a mixing device which generates a mixture by compressed air turbulence (eg with the aid of an annular nozzle).
  • FIG. 7 shows a measure 40.3 according to an embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed together.
  • the measure 40.3 comprises two output devices 30, which are designed such that the materials are emitted by means of spray jets and are mixed with one another by intersection of the spray jets, thus, downstream of the two dispensers 30.
  • the mixing process can be carried out, for example, by means of a wet or dry spraying process, in which, preferably, for example, two homogeneous starting mixtures were preferably conveyed in parallel and metered separately.
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a material order MA, which is not part of the invention.
  • dispenser 30 is designed as a printhead or nozzle to output the materials drop-shaped and / or continuously, whereby a pointwise or discrete material application is achieved. The material is applied without compressed air.
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a material order MA, which is not part of the invention.
  • the dispenser 30 is designed as an infeed rail to preferably pour the materials for forming the component in layers, thereby achieving a linear material coverage MA.
  • the insertion strip comprises slot-shaped openings, which are arranged opposite to one another or offset from one another, for receiving material on one side and material delivery in a defined width on the other side.
  • the width of the feed bar is less than or equal to the width of the formwork 100.
  • the material is applied without compressed air.
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a material application MA according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the dispensing device 30 is designed as a spraying device to spray off the materials for forming the component, whereby a flat material application is achieved.
  • the spraying can take place by means of a wet or dry spraying process.
  • the material is applied by means of compressed air.
  • FIG. 11 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the movement device 50 is a distributor boom or articulated arm with multiple degrees of freedom.
  • the movement device 50 may be, for example, a 5-axis or 6-axis robot.
  • the spray axis of the output device 30 can thus always be aligned orthogonal to the tangential plane at the job site. Suitable locations include: in situ, precast plant or field factory.
  • This embodiment advantageously allows, for example, curved components.
  • arrows exemplify the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 by way of example.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows a schematic diagram of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the movement device 50 comprises a gantry structure on which an output device 30 is movably mounted, eg horizontally and vertically movable and pivotable as needed.
  • the portal construction can be moved horizontally.
  • arrows shown symbolize the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 and the output device 30th
  • FIG. 13 shows an automated movement device 50 for moving a plurality of output devices 30 according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • the moving device 50 includes a movable support structure that holds a plurality of raster output devices 30.
  • the support structure and thus the grid of the plurality of output devices 30 are preferably uniaxial and in particular vertically movable. This can advantageously be an economical production level
  • Components are realized, e.g. in the precast plant.
  • Advantageously stepless property transitions in Z-axis are also possible.
  • FIG. 14 12 shows a schematic representation of states which can be found before and during the production of the component at the production location of the component and a plurality of detection devices 60, 60 ', 60 "for detecting corresponding state parameters.
  • the detection devices 60 and 60' are used for measuring and detecting component-specific (eg composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.), component influencing (eg shuttering 100, reinforcement 101, built-in part 102, temperature, humidity, etc.) and device-specific (eg position, speed, orientation, etc.
  • component-specific eg composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.
  • component influencing eg shuttering 100, reinforcement 101, built-in part 102, temperature, humidity, etc.
  • device-specific eg position, speed, orientation, etc.
  • the detection device 60 ' is stationary, independent of the output device 30 and embodied as a 3D laser scanner
  • the detection device 60 " is in the formwork 100 integrated and can record eg the weight of the material order or the presence of material order.
  • the detection device 60 " is designed as a pressure sensor.
  • the detection devices 60, 60 'and 60 "and their output data are integrated into the process chain for the production of the component and taken into account.
  • simultaneous detection of material flow-specific state parameters eg one or more parallel material volume flows, consistency and / or composition of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc.
  • the control of the control section ie in particular the variable device parameters, which thus represents a control section, can take place in real time.
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the embodiment comprises two parallel arranged material containers X and Y, two parallel conveyors 80, two parallel metering devices 10 and two parallel dispensers 30.
  • the two dispensers 30 each comprise a compressed air port 31 for compressed air assisted dispensing.
  • the material container X is provided for a starting mixture A.
  • the starting mixture A is conveyed by the conveyor 80 to the metering device 10, metered by the metering device 10, and forwarded to the output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture A by means of a spray jet ST1.
  • the material container Y is provided for a starting mixture B.
  • the starting mixture B is conveyed by the other conveyor 80 to the other metering device 10, continuously metered by the other metering device 10 continuously variable, and forwarded to the other output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture B by means of a spray jet ST2.
  • the dispensers 30 are formed so as to overlap the sprays ST1, ST2 to mix the raw materials A, B with each other.
  • FIG. 16 shows yet another embodiment of the invention, in which three output devices 30 are formed to output material by means of a respective spray jet ST1, ST2, ST3.
  • One of the output devices 30 is fed supplements, another output device 30 is an output mixture is supplied and the remaining output device 30 are fed additives.
  • the dispensers 30 are configured such that the supplement spray ST1, the source mixture spray ST3, and the auxiliary spray ST2 intersect to mix the aggregates, the starting mixture, and the additives.
  • FIG. 17 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in a spatial direction.
  • the varying circular diameters symbolize the property change of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are flat components, walls, cladding panels, etc.
  • FIG. 18 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in two spatial directions.
  • the varying circle diameter symbolize the change in property of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are cylindrical components, columns, pipes, etc.
  • FIG. 19 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in three spatial directions.
  • the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in the properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT.
  • Application examples are floor slabs, beams, cantilevers, etc.
  • FIG. 20 schematically shows the generation and the structure or the structure of the continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property changes by varying the material composition and in particular the mixing ratio of the metered by means of at least two metering devices 10 materials.
  • Variable parameters include eg the content, the size, the packing density, the type, the orientation and the ratio of the different materials.
  • FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a component, which is carried out with the device 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30.
  • a different kind of material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to another metering device 30.
  • the material A is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated).
  • the material B is e.g. controlled by the control means (e.g., controlled or regulated) variably metered.
  • step S3 the material A is guided to an output device 30.
  • step S3 ' the material B is guided to another output device 30.
  • a step S4 the material A is discharged from the one discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet, and the material B is discharged from the other discharge device 30 by means of a spray jet.
  • the two sprays overlap to mix the materials A and B together.
  • the mixing thus takes place downstream of the dispensers 30 in the spray.
  • FIG. 22 shows a flow chart facilitating the understanding of the invention of a method for manufacturing a component, which is carried out with the device 1.
  • a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30.
  • a material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is conducted to another metering device 30.
  • the material A is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated).
  • the material B is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated) variably metered.
  • step S3 the material A is guided to an output device 30.
  • step S3 ' the material B is guided to the same output device 30.
  • a step S4 the materials A and B are mixed within the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer.
  • the materials A and B it is possible for the materials A and B to be mixed together upstream of the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer.
  • a step S5 the intermixed materials A and B are discharged from the dispenser 30 to manufacture a component.
  • the component is produced such that it is provided with a graded change in property in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif servant à fabriquer au moins un élément en béton, avec
    - au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), dans lequel au moins un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10) est réalisé pour doser du matériau servant à réaliser l'élément et au moins un autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10) est réalisé pour doser de manière variable le matériau servant à réaliser l'élément,
    - au moins un système de distribution (30) disposé en aval des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), qui est réalisé pour distribuer du matériau afin de fabriquer l'élément et afin de le pourvoir d'au moins une modification de propriété continue ou approximativement continue dans au moins une direction spatiale, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins un premier système de distribution (30) afin de distribuer du matériau, qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), au moyen d'un jet de pulvérisation (ST1), et un deuxième système de distribution (30) afin de distribuer du matériau, qui a été dosé par l'autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), au moyen d'un jet de pulvérisation (ST2), et l'au moins un premier système de distribution et l'au moins un deuxième système de distribution (30) sont réalisés de telle sorte que le matériau distribué depuis le premier système de distribution (30) et le matériau distribué depuis le deuxième système de distribution (30) se mélangent l'un à l'autre par le recoupement des faisceaux de pulvérisation (ST1, ST2), et
    - un système de déplacement (50) automatisé servant à déplacer l'au moins un système de distribution (30), dans lequel le système de déplacement (50) comprend un mât de répartition ou un bras articulé ou comprend un portique, qui peut être ajusté et/ou au niveau duquel l'au moins un système de distribution (30) est disposé de manière à pouvoir être déplacé.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins une mesure (40.1 ; 40.2 ; 40.3), qui garantit que le matériau, qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), et le matériau, qui a été dosé par l'autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), sont mélangés l'un à l'autre et forment de préférence un rapport de mélange, dans lequel la variation du rapport de mélange permet d'obtenir la modification de propriété.
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10) est réalisé afin de doser de manière variable du matériau de manière continue ou approximativement de manière continue.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel :
    a) l'au moins un système de distribution (30) est un système de projection afin de projeter du matériau, en particulier afin d'obtenir une application de matériau sur toute la surface ;
    et/ou
    b) au moins trois systèmes de distribution (30) sont disposés de manière à présenter une forme de trame.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le système de déplacement (50)
    - comprend un robot, en particulier un robot à 5 axes ou à 6 axes, et/ou
    - présente une structure de maintien, qui maintient une pluralité de systèmes de distribution (30) disposés de manière à présenter une forme de trame.
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif présente au moins un premier système de détection (60) servant à détecter au moins un paramètre d'état spécifique à l'élément, ayant une incidence sur l'élément et/ou spécifique au dispositif.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel le premier système de détection (60)
    - peut être déplacé conjointement avec l'au moins un système de distribution (30), ou
    - est stationnaire, en particulier est positionné à l'extérieur d'un coffrage (100) pour l'élément ou est intégré dans le coffrage (100) pour l'élément.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, dans lequel le dispositif comprend un deuxième système de détection servant à détecter au moins un paramètre d'état spécifique au flux de matériau, qui est présent à l'intérieur du dispositif.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, dans lequel le dispositif présente un système de contrôle (70) afin de contrôler au moins une portion de contrôle ou le dosage au moins d'un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), de préférence en temps réel, dans lequel le système de contrôle (70) est réalisé afin de contrôler l'au moins une portion de contrôle en fonction de l'au moins un paramètre d'état détecté par le premier et/ou le deuxième système de détection, et/ou afin de contrôler l'au moins une portion de contrôle en fonction d'un modèle généré par ordinateur de l'élément à fabriquer ou au moins d'une partie de l'élément à fabriquer.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, dans lequel l'au moins une portion de contrôle comprend au moins un parmi les suivants :
    - l'un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), en particulier afin de contrôler le dosage,
    - l'autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), en particulier afin de contrôler le dosage variable,
    - l'au moins un système de distribution (30),
    - une pluralité de systèmes de distribution (30), qui peuvent être contrôlés de manière différente individuellement ou de manière identique collectivement,
    - le système de déplacement (50),
    - au moins un des au moins deux systèmes de convoyage (80) servant à convoyer les matériaux.
  11. Procédé servant à fabriquer au moins un élément en béton, de préférence exécuté au moyen d'un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel
    - le matériau est dosé afin de réaliser l'élément au moyen au moins d'un d'au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10),
    - le matériau est dosé de manière variable afin de réaliser l'élément au moyen au moins d'un autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10),
    - le matériau est distribué au moyen au moins d'un système de distribution (30) disposé en aval des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10) afin de fabriquer l'élément et de le pourvoir d'au moins une modification de propriété continue ou approximativement continue dans au moins une direction spatiale, dans lequel au moins un premier système de distribution (30) distribue du matériau, qui a été dosé par l'un des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10) au moyen d'un jet de pulvérisation (ST1) et un deuxième système de distribution (30) distribue du matériau, qui a été dosé par l'autre des au moins deux systèmes de dosage (10), au moyen d'un jet de pulvérisation (ST2), et le matériau distribué depuis le premier système de distribution (30) et le matériau distribué depuis le deuxième système de distribution (30) se mélangent l'un à l'autre par le recoupement des faisceaux de pulvérisation (ST1, ST2), et
    - l'au moins un système de distribution (30) est déplacé au moyen d'un système de déplacement (50) automatisé, dans lequel le système de déplacement (50) comprend un mât de répartition ou un bras articulé ou comprend un portique, qui peut être ajusté et/ou au niveau duquel l'au moins un système de distribution (30) est disposé de manière à pouvoir être déplacé.
EP12724912.6A 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue Active EP2714352B1 (fr)

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EP17178647.8A EP3263301B1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments constitutifs présentant au moins une modification de caractéristique continue
EP22214921.3A EP4169686A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue

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DE102011102337A DE102011102337A1 (de) 2011-05-25 2011-05-25 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen mit zumindest einer kontinuierlichen Eigenschaftsänderung
PCT/EP2012/002255 WO2012159770A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'éléments présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue

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EP22214921.3A Division EP4169686A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue

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EP22214921.3A Pending EP4169686A1 (fr) 2011-05-25 2012-05-25 Dispositif et procédé de fabrication de composants présentant au moins une modification de propriété continue
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EP3659699B1 (fr) * 2016-03-01 2024-05-08 Sika Technology Ag Système pour l'application d'un matériau de construction
FR3070896B1 (fr) * 2017-09-08 2019-08-30 Xtreee Systeme d'extrusion de cordons de materiau cimentaire pour robots de fabrication additive de structures architecturales colorees
AT16418U1 (de) * 2018-04-10 2019-08-15 Progress Maschinen & Automation Ag Vorrichtung zur Herstellung wenigstens eines dreidimensionalen Bauteils für die Bauindustrie
DE102018206373B3 (de) 2018-04-25 2019-04-25 Materialforschungs- und -prüfanstalt an der Bauhaus-Universität Weimar Verfahren zur Herstellung von gradiertem Beton, nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Betonelement und dessen Verwendung
DE102020115152A1 (de) 2020-06-08 2021-12-09 Studio Werner Sobek Gmbh Hohlkörper mit zumindest einem Hohlraum für ein Bauteil, insbesondere Gradienten-Bauteil
DE102020115153A1 (de) 2020-06-08 2021-12-09 Studio Werner Sobek Gmbh Bauteil, insbesondere Gradienten-Bauteil, mit fluidisch miteinander verbundenen Hohlräumen
DE102020121301A1 (de) * 2020-08-13 2022-02-17 AEDITIVE GmbH Düsenvorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Bauteils und Verfahren
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EP2714352A1 (fr) 2014-04-09
EP4169686A1 (fr) 2023-04-26
EP3263301B1 (fr) 2023-01-25
CN103561923A (zh) 2014-02-05
RU2013157585A (ru) 2015-06-27
CN103561923B (zh) 2017-05-31
WO2012159770A1 (fr) 2012-11-29
DE102011102337A1 (de) 2012-11-29
EP3263301A1 (fr) 2018-01-03

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