EP3260591B1 - Transport system for transporting technical textiles during the production of the same, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for the preparation of technical textiles with such a device - Google Patents

Transport system for transporting technical textiles during the production of the same, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for the preparation of technical textiles with such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3260591B1
EP3260591B1 EP17176603.3A EP17176603A EP3260591B1 EP 3260591 B1 EP3260591 B1 EP 3260591B1 EP 17176603 A EP17176603 A EP 17176603A EP 3260591 B1 EP3260591 B1 EP 3260591B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibre
fiber
guide element
technical textile
transport system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17176603.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3260591A1 (en
Inventor
Roy Thyroff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wilhelm Kneitz Textile Gruppe GmbH
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V Fraas GmbH
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Publication of EP3260591A1 publication Critical patent/EP3260591A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B21/00Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/10Open-work fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04BKNITTING
    • D04B23/00Flat warp knitting machines
    • D04B23/12Flat warp knitting machines with provision for incorporating unlooped wefts extending from selvedge to selvedge
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • D06B3/18Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics combined with squeezing, e.g. in padding machines
    • D06B3/185Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics combined with squeezing, e.g. in padding machines below the bath level
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02412Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10BINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00Industrial
    • D10B2505/20Industrial for civil engineering, e.g. geotextiles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transport system for transporting technical textiles during manufacture, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for producing technical textiles with such a device.
  • Transport systems from the textile industry are known from the prior art, on which the fabrics or textiles are presented.
  • Such known transport systems are often in the form of chains or belts.
  • the fibers for the production of the textile web are arranged in their desired weave or knitting, for example, to be fed to a knitting head where the textile web is finished. Subsequent to the knitting head, the finished continuous textile webs are removed from the transport system and assembled accordingly, so tailored.
  • such known transport systems prove to be disadvantageous for the production of technical textiles.
  • the coating is carried out by introducing the knitted or woven technical textile together with the transport system, on which the technical textile is arranged, in a dipping bath with coating material.
  • This is particularly disadvantageous because not only the technical textile, but also the transport system is completely enclosed by the coating material. With the retraction of the transport system from the dip this is coated with coating material itself. This requires a tremendous entrainment of material out of the dipping bath, so that often coating material has to be topped up. This is costly.
  • the transport system in particular the guide chain or the guide band, must always be laboriously cleaned in order to remove the most hardened coating again and at least to improve the further functionality of the guide band or the guide chain of the transport system. This is particularly time consuming and costly. Frequently, the cleaning step is omitted and the guides replaced directly. However, this means disadvantageous production stoppage.
  • US 2 907 195 A discloses a device for smoothing selvedges in knitting machines. For this purpose, after the knitting process, the fabric is picked up by a stapling device equipped with needles and guided over a conveyor belt equipped with needles to a roll, onto which the fabric is finally wound while the fabric separates from the conveyor belt.
  • the present invention has the object to provide a transport system for transporting technical textiles during their production, which allows a more cost-effective production of a customizable technical textile and which the disadvantages of known prior art overcomes. Moreover, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for producing a technical textile using a corresponding transport system, and a manufacturing method for producing a technical textile with such a device. Both process and device have the task of reducing production costs and to avoid unwanted carryover of Tauchbadmaterials.
  • the transport system according to the invention for transporting at least one technical textile during its production has according to the invention at least one fiber guiding element for transporting the at least one technical textile.
  • this fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide chain and / or fiber guide belt. If the fiber guiding element is designed as a fiber guiding chain, then this advantageously has lateral guide chains which are opposite one another and are spaced apart from one another by a virtual plane. These are arranged in the simplest case parallel to each other. If the fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide band, this fiber guide band is advantageously flat and may also be segmented in order to facilitate deflection. To be particularly advantageous, it has been found that fiber guide element form as an endless element.
  • the transport system at least a drive unit for controlling the advance speed of the fiber guide element in the transport direction T.
  • a drive unit for example, at least one servomotor can be provided.
  • the fiber guide element has a plurality of vertically downwardly extending bolts for guiding and / or fixing the technical fabric during its manufacture, each bolt are arranged with a first end on the underside of the fiber guide element and is aligned with another, free end down.
  • the transport system described here thus has a fiber guide element, the bolts are arranged running downwards. In the simplest case, these bolts are aligned vertically downwards, so that the fiber guide element has no corresponding bolts on its surface. If the fiber guide element is designed, for example, as the already described fiber guide belt, then the bolts extend downwards on the underside of the belt.
  • the brackets are often arranged on top of the fiber guide belt, since known manner, the textile is made from above. This is not the case with the present invention.
  • the transport system described here with the fiber guide element and the downwardly oriented bolt is thus designed such that the technical textile to be produced is placed and arranged below the fiber guide element, ie adjacent to the underside thereof and overhead. This is also advantageous, as this significantly simplifies the subsequent refining step.
  • transport direction is to be understood as meaning the direction in which the technical textile is transported during its production process.
  • the technical textile described is advantageous as a textile Betonbewehrungsschlaufungsengitterelement and even more advantageously designed as a textile Hochissesbetonbeyerungssch securedgitterelement.
  • it has at least two fiber bundles, which are arranged offset from one another and which span the technical textile.
  • Fiber bundles is advantageously to be understood as meaning at least one fiber, advantageously at least two fibers, more preferably a multiplicity of fibers, which are arranged parallel to one another and advantageously lying against one another as a bundle.
  • a fiber bundle has a number of fibers in the range of 1 to 350,000. The stronger the fiber bundle is formed, the better is its power absorption in the laid state in the technical textile, for example in a precast concrete part.
  • Such fiber bundles are also referred to as rovings.
  • the bolts are arranged at least at and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element.
  • the downwardly oriented bolts serve to be partially wound during the manufacturing process of the technical textile of at least one fiber bundle, so that a meandering course of the fiber bundle is caused. Consequently, it is advantageous if the bolts are initially arranged on and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element, so that the largest possible surface and the longest possible course of the meandering formation of the at least one fiber bundle of the technical textile can be ensured.
  • the bolts may additionally be arranged transversely to the transport direction.
  • the bolts span a frame which extends in and across the transport direction of the technical fabric during its manufacture.
  • the bolts are therefore formed in this embodiment as a frame, more advantageously as a clamping frame or clamping frame.
  • the resulting frame is designed to be variable in size and / or position. Due to the meandering laying of the fiber bundles around the bolts, it is thus possible for the first time to produce an individual technical textile.
  • the technical textile of the invention described here is prefabricated. It is already in the desired final geometry presented below the fiber guide element, for example with at least one FaserbĆ¼ndelleger. A post-fabrication known from the prior art is completely eliminated. As a result, manufacturing costs can be saved.
  • the bolts are arranged to be movable at least partially with the first end disposed on the fiber guiding element.
  • the transport system has carrier beams for this purpose, which are arranged between the bolt end and the fiber guide element.
  • the bolts are thus arranged on the carrier bars on the fiber guide element.
  • the support beams, for example made of plastic, along the fiber guide element can be changed in position by a motor.
  • the support beams can be moved for this purpose with different mechanisms below the fiber guide element, for example via gears, tongue and groove mechanisms or the like.
  • each support beam has its own drive unit, for example a servomotor.
  • the guide of the support beams in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may further be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically.
  • each bolt itself has its own drive unit having. This can then be dispensed with the support beams, since the bolts are individually controlled and moved.
  • the leadership of the bolt in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically.
  • the bolts are designed to be variable in diameter and / or outline. Under outline is to be understood in the context of the invention, the outer shape of the bolt. Thus, it is conceivable that with a change in diameter or alternatively to this also a contour change is performed. This can be done for example by an extension or shortening of the respective bolt.
  • the bolts are arranged in the simplest case in rows one behind the other in the transport direction and transversely to this. They thus form a rectangular frame around which the fiber bundles are laid to form the technical textile. In the simplest case, a first fiber bundle is laid transversely to the transport direction in a meandering course around the bolts. Thus, a first fiber layer stretches.
  • the second fiber bundle is offset by 90 Ā° to this placed around the other bolts.
  • the bolts serve to form the loops.
  • both fiber layers are placed in the desired size and the ends and starts sufficiently fixed, so the bolts can be in size and / or changed, advantageously increased. If, for example, the bolt diameter is increased, the still loosely laid loops around the bolts. This results in a fixation of the two fiber layers in the desired position at the same time.
  • individual consideration can be given to the respective fields of application of the technical textile and the fiber sheets can always be formed individually by changing the pin.
  • the bolts can be moved out of the laying area.
  • the bolts can also be sunk in the direction of the fiber guide element and reduced in size.
  • the bolts are advantageously made of metal and / or plastic.
  • Metal has the advantage that the bolts have a long service life and only slight signs of wear.
  • the formation of the pin made of plastic, advantageously of at least one elastomer, is particularly suitable if the bolts can be changed in size by air supply and / or air removal, so pneumatic. Due to the elastic and flexible design of the bolt whose size and / or outline can be changed by air supply and / or air removal. In this case, however, it must be ensured that the bolts always have a certain inherent rigidity so that the fiber bundle does not change the size and / or the outline of the bolts during the meandering laying around the bolts. Such a change is made possible only by air supply and / or air removal.
  • each bolt can be individually changed in size and / or outline.
  • the bolts in their initial shape ie the unchanged size and / or the unchanged outline, an outer diameter in the range of 0.5 - 12 cm.
  • the outer diameter of the bolt is designed to be at least twice to ten times larger.
  • the outline of the bolt is round. This allows, for example, a U-shaped and / or teardrop-shaped formation of the fiber sheets, which can be advantageously referred to as loops. This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that the bolts can also have a somewhat different outline, for example angular, ellipsoidal or polygonal.
  • the edges of the bolts are advantageously always rounded to protect the fiber bundles from damage or kinking.
  • the bolts may be formed of polytetrafluoroethylene or at least partially coated therewith. Due to the concomitant reduction in the adhesion of the coating material in the later coating step, this, after which the fiber guide element is led out of the dipping bath again, can easily drip off.
  • each bolt is widened with, for example, an initially round cross-section in which it is, for example, in half divides and the two semicircular sub-bolts are moved away from each other.
  • this movement can be made possible mechanically, for example by means of spring elements or toothed wheels, which can move the two semicircular part bolts both away from one another and later on one another.
  • clamping units are advantageous because in this way the meandering around the bolt technical textile additionally stretched during its installation or the subsequent transport to the coating device out or away from this stable and held by the bolt accordingly.
  • the clamping effect results from the fact that after the meandering laying of the two fiber bundles around the bolts, for clamping the technical textile, the bolts are expanded in size and / or in its outline and thus formed a clamping effect and / or clamping action on the fiber sheets becomes.
  • the bolts for this purpose have at least one clamping element, for example in the form of at least one clamping jaw and / or a clamping groove or the like.
  • the advantageous clamping effect and / or clamping action of the bolt can be completely dispensed with pile threads, binding or Umwindegarne for fixing the individual fiber layers together for the first time.
  • the individual fiber layers which span the technical textile are held reliably and securely by the expanded bolts during the entire, further manufacturing process.
  • further work steps such as the winding or punctiform bonding of the fiber layers together, can be eliminated and the costs significantly reduced.
  • the clamping or clamping action of the bolt can also be achieved in that the bolts remain the same in shape, but are moved in their position. Also by this targeted change in position, the initially loosely arranged around the bolt loops can be stretched and fixed the entire fiber layer.
  • the bolt rotatable about its own axis. This has further advantages in the later coating step.
  • the bolts in a further advantageous embodiment, it has proved to be advantageous to arrange the bolts as bolt groups of at least 3 bolts per group. Even more advantageous have been groups of 5 or 7 bolts per group.
  • other loop geometries can be produced for the first time, without great production effort. Conceivable, for example, loops in wavy lines, or double or multiple loops.
  • the transport system described here with the advantageously designed fiber guide element offers for the first time the possibility of technical textiles with outboard Produce fiber sheets / loops, these fiber sheets are designed free and customizable for the first time in their geometry.
  • the geometry of the fiber sheets is due to the arrangement of the bolts, which can be moved particularly advantageous electronically to set the desired loop geometry. Consequently, the technical textile is prefabricated and is already produced in its desired Endgeomtrie. Depending on requirements, the bolts can be moved individually and / or as a group in their position.
  • the bolts on their free, downwardly directed end to a taper.
  • the bolts are conically tapered downwards so that the diameter decreases (initially) towards the free end of the respective bolt. This is advantageous because this reduction in diameter also reduces the contact surface of the loops on the respective bolts.
  • each bolt may be provided with a cover plate or a boundary plate, which prevents the technical textile from slipping off the bolt.
  • each bolt has at least one guide groove, within which the fiber sheets can be submitted. Particularly advantageously, this guide groove has significantly flattened sides, so that the friction points and possibly Injury points of the individual fiber bundles of the technical textile are reduced.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the bolt is in hourglass shape. Particularly advantageous in this hourglass shape, the fiber sheets are guided along the tapered waist and held by the up and down increasing diameter of the bolt also correspondingly safe in this.
  • the present invention relates to a device for producing a technical textile with a transport system described in detail above.
  • the device furthermore has at least one fiber bundle former for presenting at least one first and second fiber bundle in a meandering pattern around the bolts of the fiber guiding element.
  • the first fiber bundle forms a first fiber bundle
  • the second fiber bundle forms a second fiber layer, wherein the fiber layers have a mutually offset alignment. Both layers together span the technical textile.
  • first and second fiber layer are arranged in a mutually offset alignment. In the simplest case, this can be orthogonal, so that first and second fiber layers form a lattice structure.
  • the device has at least one coating device for refining the laid technical textile.
  • finishing is advantageous to understand the coating of the technical textile with at least one coating material.
  • Coating may in this case relate only to the surface arrangement of the coating material and / or also to the at least partial, advantageous complete impregnation of the fiber bundle with the coating material.
  • the coating device has at least one impregnation bath in which coating material is arranged.
  • the coating material used in the coating unit is advantageously at least one plastic solution and / or at least one plastic dispersion and / or at least one inorganic coating, for example containing a silane or silicate solution.
  • Thermosetting, aqueous polymer dispersions such as, for example, SBR, styrene-butadiene and / or acrylate coatings are particularly advantageously used for the coating.
  • solvent-containing or solvent-free polymer dispersions can also be used.
  • the coating material is initially charged in the liquid state. Furthermore, however, it is also conceivable to provide the coating material in a powdery state in an immersion bath.
  • the technical textile to be refined is immersed either in the liquid or powder coating material from above. If the pulverulent coating material is used, then the fiber bundles can be pretreated or the already laid technical textile can be pretreated before the coating step, for example sprayed with an adhesion-promoting polymer solution or a silicate solution.
  • the coating device is designed as a two- or multi-roll foulard with impregnation bath, which contains the coating material.
  • the fiber guiding element with the underlying technical textile to be refined is supplied to the coating device from above, particularly advantageously immersed vertically from above.
  • the overhead laying of the fiber bundles and the resulting overhead arrangement of the technical textile to be finished makes it possible for the first time that only the technical textile to be finished is completely immersed and the bolts of the fiber guiding element only partially immersed in the coating material.
  • the actual fiber guide element remains at the top, outside the impregnation bath and is not polluted.
  • the bolts with the technical textile arranged on them dip only from above into the impregnation bath. They are not, as hitherto known from the prior art, completely pulled along with fiber guide element through the impregnation bath.
  • the degree of soaking of the technical textile can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the exterior coating of the technical textile and its simultaneous impregnation with the coating material serve to stabilize it.
  • only a very small proportion of coating material is transferred to the bolts.
  • the coating material carryover known from the prior art is significantly reduced. If the bolts, as already mentioned above, have a Teflon coating, then the coating material can drip off the bolts particularly easily, and costly cleaning steps likewise fall away.
  • the impregnating bath with the coating material arranged therein with at least one vibrating element, for example a vibrating plate. If the coating material is subjected to vibrations during impregnation of the technical textile, its penetration into the fiber bundles of the technical textile can be optimized and the impregnation thus improved. By the vibration of the coating material penetrates this better and deeper into the individual fiber bundles. Their stability is thus increased.
  • the individual bolts rotate at least partially during the coating step. This is advantageous since, as a result, sufficient coating material can be introduced into the loops in the contact surfaces between loops and bolts. This further increases the corrosion resistance of the technical textile, since its surface is advantageously completely coated and impregnated.
  • the coating device may be a vapor deposition unit or a spray unit or doctor unit for application having at least one plastic coating and / or a silane-containing size.
  • the coating device can comprise squeeze rolls for controlled squeezing of the coating material from the technical textile coated therewith.
  • the squeeze rolls can also be arranged downstream of the coating device.
  • the device described here has at least one fabric removal system for the withdrawal of the finished, technical textile from the fiber guide element.
  • a sanding system for applying sand to the at least partially liquid coating material after the impregnation bath.
  • the sand combines with the still liquid coating material and forms an increase in surface area, ie a surface roughening.
  • the bond to the concrete can be significantly improved.
  • the apparatus further comprises a curing unit for curing the applied coating material.
  • the curing unit is arranged downstream of the impregnation bath.
  • the transport system also passes through this curing unit with the finished technical textile.
  • the curing unit is designed as a drying system to dry the applied coating and impregnation and cure accordingly.
  • the drying system can for this purpose advantageously a heating element for temperature exposure of the technical textile and / or a microwave source and / or a UV source exhibit.
  • radiation sources such as microwave or UV prove to be advantageous initiators for initiating the necessary crosslinking and curing of the plastics.
  • the device described here is characterized in particular by the fact that it is designed to be effective-free.
  • the elaborate knitting or weaving of the technical textiles known from the prior art is unnecessary in the disclosed apparatus.
  • At least two fiber bundles are laid individually in different fiber layers and fixed over the bolts of the transport system underneath the same. With the subsequent immersion of the taut, to be refined technical textile in a soaking bath of the coating device, the individual meandering fiber bundles are fixed in their desired position with the subsequent curing inextricably together.
  • the device For individual laying of the individual fiber bundles, the device has at least one fiber bundle cutter. This is arranged below the fiber guide element.
  • the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger puts the individual fiber bundles over the head in the meandering course around the bolts around.
  • the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is formed free programmable.
  • the technical textile to be laid is thus arranged between the underside of the fiber guiding element and the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger.
  • the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is designed as a free arm, which can be moved in any direction and position.
  • the present invention relates to a technical textile produced in a device described above under transport through the device with the transport system also described above, which is formed at least by a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, wherein the first fiber layer is formed from at least one first fiber bundle, which is laid in a meandering course in a first direction, and the second fiber layer is formed from at least one further fiber bundle which is likewise arranged in a meandering course in a direction different from the first direction, the at least one, first fiber bundle of the first fiber layer being formed as laterally protruding fiber arcs, at least in lateral regions relative to the second fiber layer is and that at least one, further fiber bundles of the second fiber layer is formed at least in lateral areas relative to the first fiber layer as laterally projecting fiber sheets and wherein the technical textile at least one finishing coating having.
  • the technical textile described here is umwindegarnein and / or formed polfadenein.
  • the provision of the at least one fiber bundle is not intended to be limiting.
  • a plurality of fiber bundles for example two, three or four fiber bundles, in a meandering course.
  • the more such fiber bundles are provided the more stable the technical textile is formed and the higher Kraftbeaufschlagonne can be included in the example einbeton striv state in a precast concrete part of the technical textile.
  • advantageous cracking can be avoided.
  • a fiber bundle forms the first fiber layer.
  • the formation of the second fiber layer is also advantageously carried out by at least one further fiber bundle, which also has a meandering course.
  • Particularly advantageous first and second fiber layers are arranged at predeterminable angles spaced from each other, so that in the simplest case, a regular lattice structure with numerous passage openings, which can also be referred to as mesh results.
  • the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer are arranged orthogonal to one another. As a result, a grid structure is formed, which has rectangular and / or square passage openings. This orthogonal arrangement of the two layers is particularly advantageous since this ensures good stability and force-absorbing capability.
  • the second fiber layer is arranged at a predeterminable angle of not equal to 90 Ā°.
  • the second fiber layer can be arranged offset and placed at an angle of 45 Ā° and / or 60 Ā° to the first fiber layer.
  • the geometry of the passage openings is variably adjusted. The geometry of the passage openings results from the arrangement of the first second fiber layer.
  • the passage openings are all the same size.
  • This distance between the fiber bundles corresponds essentially to the edge inside length of the passage openings and / or their inner diameter.
  • the advantageous size of the passage openings in the range of 1 cm - 8 cm can ensure that liquid material, such as concrete or asphalt, depending on its largest grain can easily and quickly flow through the passage openings of the technical textile. Thus, a quick processing of the liquid concrete can be ensured without undesirable screen effects occur.
  • the technical textile described here is furthermore made of fibers, advantageously of high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity in the range of 50-320 GPa, more advantageously in the range of 220-260 GPa, more preferably of 100 or 240 GPa.
  • the fibers may be formed as mineral fibers such as glass fibers or wollastonite fibers.
  • the respective fiber bundles with a plurality of such high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity, for example with a mixture of aramid fiber carbon fibers or a mixture of alkali-resistant glass fibers with carbon fibers, wherein advantageously the carbon fiber content in Range of 5 weight percent to 45 weight percent based on the total mass of the fiber bundle is selected.
  • the different fiber types of a respective fiber bundle are randomly distributed in the fiber bundle.
  • the carbon fibers are formed as a core, which is enclosed by the second type of fiber, such as alkali-resistant glass fibers, as a jacket. Therefore, the textile concrete reinforcement grid element described here is also to be understood as a high-performance concrete reinforcement grid element.
  • all fiber bundles used in the context of the invention are used as ready-to-use endless fiber bundles. These are cut off depending on the individual design of the technical textile after presenting and fixing each fiber layer accordingly.
  • the beginning and end of each fiber layer are clamped to the respective bolt.
  • the fiber sheets are variably formed in their curvature. Due to the curved course of the fiber sheets around one or more bolts is always a loop opening educated.
  • the provision of the fiber sheets, which advantageously protrude laterally beyond the respective other fiber layer, also serves to improve the force absorption in the concreted state of the concrete reinforcement grid element in a precast concrete element as well as improved bending tensile properties and higher thread extraction values.
  • the loops are advantageously formed by the meandering fiber bundles, which are placed around one or more bolts around. It has also proven to be advantageous to make the loops variable in their diameter and / or outline. As a result, the technical textile described here can be manufactured individually for each application, so that, for example, depending on the loop number, the loop diameter or the loop thickness, the removal of tensile stress in the finished concrete part is adjustable. Loop inside diameters have proven to be particularly advantageous in the range from 0.5 cm to 12 cm, more advantageously from 2 cm to 6 cm. With this loop inner diameter particularly good bonding properties such as bending properties in the laid, concreted state are connected.
  • the lateral arrangement of the loops is to be understood as meaning that the loops are arranged in the same plane as the fiber layers. But it is also conceivable that the loops are formed laterally offset to at least one fiber layer at a predeterminable angle.
  • the loops can be bent at an angle of +/- 90 Ā° with respect to that of the Fiber layer spanned plane can be arranged. Angles of +/- 45 Ā° have proven to be particularly advantageous, since this likewise allows the tensile load absorption in a concrete state in a precast concrete element to be significantly increased.
  • a first loop is folded upwards by 45 Ā° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer, whereas the two loops arranged adjacent thereto are oriented downward by 45 Ā° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer.
  • the technical textile has alternately oriented loops.
  • the fiber sheets are U-shaped and / or drop-shaped.
  • the U-shaped design of the fiber sheets represents the simplest embodiment. In this case, each loop has two legs, with which it forms crossing regions on the adjacent further fiber bundle. Both legs are spaced apart by a curved base formed. Particularly advantageous in the two legs formed symmetrically to each other.
  • leg-to-base ratio For improved tensile load absorption, the aspect ratio of leg to base in the ratio of 1.5: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; or 6: 1 selected.
  • the thigh base ratio also sets the Size of the opening, more advantageously its inner diameter, fixed.
  • leg-to-base ratios of 1: 1.5; 1: 2; 1: 2.5; 1: 3; 1: 3.5; 1: 4; 1: 4.5; 1: 5; 1: 5.5 or 1: 6 are conceivable.
  • the first fiber layer can be made of alkali-resistant glass fibers and the second fiber layer can be made of carbon fibers.
  • the technical textile described and manufactured here is designed as a single piece and prefabricated. It does not need a separate cut.
  • the innovation of the method according to the invention is that the technical textile is presented overhead in the first two steps. It is therefore particularly advantageous for the first step a. be preceded by a preliminary step.
  • the bolts are arranged in their position, size and diameter below the fiber guide element, as the finished technical textile is to be ultimately formed. Therefore, in particular, the number of loops, the radius of curvature of the loops, the loop shape, the laying arrangement of the individual fiber bundles are determined relative to one another in this preliminary step. This is done particularly computer-controlled according to a pre-determined template of the technical textile.
  • the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is disposed below the fiber guiding element and presents the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course on the underside of the fiber guiding element.
  • the two steps a. and b. executed in succession.
  • two FaserbĆ¼ndelleger are provided, which perform an alternating laying of the two fiber layers in a meandering course.
  • the individual fiber bundles of each fiber layer are fixed, for example, clamped to the respective bolt. This can be done, for example, by pressure force application, which exerts an arranged on FaserbĆ¼ndelleger driver on the respective fiber bundle.
  • the fiber bundle is thus jammed at the first bolt and last bolt, where it is guided along to form the fiber layer. After jamming, the fiber bundle can be cut off. This results in a single fiber layer. This jamming is later solved in the fabric removal system by simple application of force.
  • the bolts are changed in size and / or diameter and / or outline and / or position, so that the fiber layers are stretched over the multiplicity of formed fiber sheets. By this clamping the fiber layers are simultaneously guided against each other and held in this position.
  • the tensioned fiber layers are fed to the coating device. Due to the advantageous over-head arrangement, it is now possible for the technical textile to be finished to be supplied from above, advantageously vertically from above, to the impregnation bath. Depending on the degree of impregnation, the technical textile to be refined is either immersed or additionally guided in the transport direction through the impregnation bath. As already stated, it is advantageous when the coating material is subjected to vibration during soaking. This reduces the residence time in the impregnation bath and increases the impregnation effectiveness.
  • the finished technical textile is removed from the coating device and removed via a fabric removal system.
  • the bolts Prior to the actual removal of the finished technical textile from the fiber guiding element, the bolts are returned to the starting position and / or initial shape. The loops are relaxed and can be pulled off the bolts. The fiber layers themselves remain in the aligned, bonded by the coating material form.
  • an additional step between the steps f. and G. be provided, which is carried out for example as a drying step in a curing unit.
  • the drying step is advantageous if the still liquid coating material requires an additional temperature application in order to cure accordingly.
  • the use of microwave radiation and / or UV radiation is also conceivable.
  • the method described here allows for the first time an individual production of technical textiles in the form of individual products.
  • Fig. 1a shows a schematic side view of a device according to the invention 1.
  • This has an inventive Transport system 2, which has a fiber guide element 4.
  • the drive element is not shown separately here.
  • a plurality of bolts 6 is arranged.
  • the bolts 6 extend vertically downwards and are arranged with one end on the underside of the fiber guide element 4 movable.
  • the bolts 6 are first moved into the desired position, size and grouping. These are specified by the desired final geometry of the technical textile.
  • the bolts 6 are positioned in a simple rectangular arrangement and span a rectangular frame R.
  • the arranged below the fiber guide element 4 FaserbĆ¼ndelleger 22 sets then the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course around the bolt 6.
  • the bolts 6 are arranged in groups of five. In this case, at least two or more fiber layers are formed.
  • the loose around the bolt 6 fiber sheets are braced by the bolt 6 moved or changed their shape. Only then is the onward transport, also overhead, of the strained fiber layers towards the coating device 8.
  • the coating device 8 has a soaking bath 12, which, however, has a significantly reduced volume.
  • the tensioned fiber layers are dipped into the impregnation bath 12 from above and / or passed through it.
  • the impregnation bath 12 may have at least one vibration element (not shown).
  • the individual can Turn bolt 6 on its own axis during impregnation. This also improves the impregnation of the fiber bundles, since the coating material is rolled directly into it.
  • the fabric removal system 16 is arranged, which takes the finished technical textile fiber guide element 4. This can be done with the return of the bolt 6 in the original starting position and / or output shape, so that this releases the clamping effect and the loops are released. It is also conceivable, after the squeegee roller 14 or instead of the same, to provide a curing unit 15 in which the coating material can be cured quickly and effectively, for example by applying temperature.
  • the fiber guide element 4 or even the pin 6 of a cleaning device 20 are supplied, which is also arranged online.
  • the cleaning device 20 the remaining, still on the bolt located, cured coating material is removed, for example by means of ultrasonic bath.
  • the cleaned bolts 6 can thus be returned to the first station in direction R, where a new technical textile is presented. This is understood to be limiting, of course, so that several technical textiles in different stages of production can be transported through the device 1 at the same time.
  • a schematic plan view and side view of a bolt group 18 is shown.
  • This has a total of five bolts 6, which are arranged in a semicircle. Along the outside of this semicircle, the fiber bundles (not shown) are laid.
  • the bolts 6 are here on one Support beam 28 is arranged.
  • the support beam 28 in turn is on the underside of the fiber guide element (not shown) movable, for example, moved over transom, arranged.
  • the shape of the bolt 6 is shown in detail.
  • the bolts 6 have a wide base 30, with which they are arranged on the support beam 28 or directly to the fiber guide element.
  • the second, free end 32 of the bolt 6 is tapered and has a smaller diameter than the base 30. The conclusion forms a limiting plate 26. This prevents the guided around the bolt 6 fiber bundles (not shown) from slipping off of the free ends 32.
  • a schematic view of a technical textile 34 is shown, which is manufactured with the device 1 described here.
  • the technical textile 34 has two fiber layers 36, 38, which are each formed by at least one fiber bundle.
  • the fiber bundles are laid meander-shaped and form lateral loops 40. These loops 40 lead to significantly improved power dissipation properties of the technical fabric 34 in the laid state, for example in a precast concrete part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Transportsystem zum Transportieren von technischen Textilien wƤhrend der Herstellung, Anlage zur Herstellung von technischen Textilien mit einem derartigen Transportsystem sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von technischen Textilien mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung.The invention relates to a transport system for transporting technical textiles during manufacture, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for producing technical textiles with such a device.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Transportsysteme aus der Textilindustrie bekannt, auf welchen die Stoffe bzw. Textilien vorgelegt werden. Derartige bekannte Transportsysteme sind hƤufig in Form von Ketten oder BƤndern ausgebildet. Auf diesen BƤnden bzw. Ketten werden die Fasern zur Herstellung der Textilbahn in ihrer gewĆ¼nschten Webart oder Wirkart angeordnet, um dann beispielsweise einem Wirkkopf zugefĆ¼hrt zu werden, wo die Textilbahn fertig hergestellt wird. Im Nachgang zu dem Wirkkopf werden die fertigen Endlostextilbahnen dem Transportsystem entnommen und entsprechend konfektioniert, also zugeschnitten. Derartige bekannte Transportsysteme erweisen sich allerdings fĆ¼r die Herstellung von technischen Textilien als nachteilig. Bei technischen Textilien ist es in der Regel notwendig, dass diese nach dem Wirk- oder Webvorgang mit einer Beschichtung zu versehen sind, um deren Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise die KorrosionsbestƤndigkeit, zu verbessern. Die Beschichtung erfolgt durch EinfĆ¼hren des gewirkten oder gewebten technischen Textils samt dem Transportsystem, auf welchem das technische Textil angeordnet ist, in ein Tauchbad mit Beschichtungsmaterial. Dies ist besonders nachteilig, da nicht nur das technische Textil, sondern auch das Transportsystem vollstƤndig von dem Beschichtungsmaterial umschlossen wird. Mit dem Herausfahren des Transportsystems aus dem Tauchbad ist dieses selbst mit Beschichtungsmaterial Ć¼berzogen. Dies bedingt eine enorme Materialverschleppung aus dem Tauchbad heraus, so dass hƤufig Beschichtungsmaterial nachgefĆ¼llt werden muss. Dies ist kostenintensiv. DarĆ¼ber hinaus muss das Transportsystem, insbesondere die FĆ¼hrungskette oder das FĆ¼hrungsband, stets aufwƤndig gereinigt werden, um die meist ausgehƤrtete Beschichtung wieder zu entfernen und die weitere FunktionstĆ¼chtigkeit des FĆ¼hrungsbandes oder der FĆ¼hrungskette des Transportsystems zumindest zu verbessern. Dies ist besonders zeit- und kostenintensiv. HƤufig wird auf den Reinigungsschritt verzichtet und die FĆ¼hrungen direkt ausgetauscht. Dies bedeutet allerdings nachteiligen Produktionsstillstand.Transport systems from the textile industry are known from the prior art, on which the fabrics or textiles are presented. Such known transport systems are often in the form of chains or belts. On these bands or chains, the fibers for the production of the textile web are arranged in their desired weave or knitting, for example, to be fed to a knitting head where the textile web is finished. Subsequent to the knitting head, the finished continuous textile webs are removed from the transport system and assembled accordingly, so tailored. However, such known transport systems prove to be disadvantageous for the production of technical textiles. For technical textiles, it is usually necessary that they are provided with a coating after the knitting or weaving process in order to improve their properties, such as corrosion resistance. The coating is carried out by introducing the knitted or woven technical textile together with the transport system, on which the technical textile is arranged, in a dipping bath with coating material. This is particularly disadvantageous because not only the technical textile, but also the transport system is completely enclosed by the coating material. With the retraction of the transport system from the dip this is coated with coating material itself. This requires a tremendous entrainment of material out of the dipping bath, so that often coating material has to be topped up. This is costly. In addition, the transport system, in particular the guide chain or the guide band, must always be laboriously cleaned in order to remove the most hardened coating again and at least to improve the further functionality of the guide band or the guide chain of the transport system. This is particularly time consuming and costly. Frequently, the cleaning step is omitted and the guides replaced directly. However, this means disadvantageous production stoppage.

US 2 907 195 A offenbart eine Vorrichtung zur GlƤttung von Webkanten bei Strickmaschinen. HierfĆ¼r wird nach dem Strickvorgang die Stoffbahn von einer mit Nadeln bestĆ¼ckten Klammervorrichtung aufgegriffen und Ć¼ber ein mit Nadeln bestĆ¼cktes Transportband zu einer Rolle gefĆ¼hrt, auf die der Stoff schlieƟlich aufgewickelt wird, wƤhrend sich die Stoffbahn von dem Transportband lƶst. US 2 907 195 A discloses a device for smoothing selvedges in knitting machines. For this purpose, after the knitting process, the fabric is picked up by a stapling device equipped with needles and guided over a conveyor belt equipped with needles to a roll, onto which the fabric is finally wound while the fabric separates from the conveyor belt.

Daher liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Transportsystem zum Transportieren von technischen Textilien wƤhrend deren Herstellung bereitzustellen, welches eine kostengĆ¼nstigere Herstellung eines individuell anfertigbaren technischen Textils ermƶglicht und welche die Nachteile des bekannten Standes der Technik Ć¼berwindet. DarĆ¼ber hinaus ist es ebenfalls Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines technischen Textils unter Verwendung eines entsprechenden Transportsystems, sowie ein Herstellungsverfahren zur Herstellung eines technischen Textils mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung bereitzustellen. Sowohl Verfahren als auch Vorrichtung haben die Aufgabe, die Produktionskosten zu reduzieren und eine ungewollte Verschleppung des Tauchbadmaterials zu vermeiden.Therefore, the present invention has the object to provide a transport system for transporting technical textiles during their production, which allows a more cost-effective production of a customizable technical textile and which the disadvantages of known prior art overcomes. Moreover, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for producing a technical textile using a corresponding transport system, and a manufacturing method for producing a technical textile with such a device. Both process and device have the task of reducing production costs and to avoid unwanted carryover of Tauchbadmaterials.

Diese Aufgaben werden gemƤƟ den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1, des Patentanspruches 7, sowie des Patentanspruches 10 gelƶst.These objects are achieved according to the features of claim 1, of claim 7, and of claim 10.

Das erfindungsgemƤƟe Transportsystem zum Transportieren wenigstens eines technischen Textils wƤhrend dessen Herstellung weist erfindungsgemƤƟ wenigstens ein FaserfĆ¼hrungselement zum Transport des wenigstens einen technischen Textils auf. Vorteilhaft ist dieses FaserfĆ¼hrungselement als FaserfĆ¼hrungskette und/oder FaserfĆ¼hrungsband ausgebildet. Ist das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement als FaserfĆ¼hrungskette ausgebildet, so weist diese vorteilhaft einander gegenĆ¼berliegende und Ć¼ber eine virtuelle Ebene voneinander beabstandete, seitliche FĆ¼hrungsketten auf. Diese sind im einfachsten Fall parallel zueinander angeordnet. Ist das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement als FaserfĆ¼hrungsband ausgebildet, so ist dieses FaserfĆ¼hrungsband vorteilhaft flƤchig ausgebildet und kann zum leichteren Umlenken auch segmentartig zusammengesetzt sein. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, dass FaserfĆ¼hrungselement als Endloselement auszubilden.The transport system according to the invention for transporting at least one technical textile during its production has according to the invention at least one fiber guiding element for transporting the at least one technical textile. Advantageously, this fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide chain and / or fiber guide belt. If the fiber guiding element is designed as a fiber guiding chain, then this advantageously has lateral guide chains which are opposite one another and are spaced apart from one another by a virtual plane. These are arranged in the simplest case parallel to each other. If the fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide band, this fiber guide band is advantageously flat and may also be segmented in order to facilitate deflection. To be particularly advantageous, it has been found that fiber guide element form as an endless element.

Weiterhin weist das erfindungsgemƤƟe Transportsystem wenigstens eine Antriebseinheit zur Steuerung der Vorlaufgeschwindigkeit des FaserfĆ¼hrungselementes in Transportrichtung T auf. Als Antriebseinheit kann beispielsweise wenigstens ein Servomotor vorgesehen sein.Furthermore, the transport system according to the invention at least a drive unit for controlling the advance speed of the fiber guide element in the transport direction T. As a drive unit, for example, at least one servomotor can be provided.

Ein weiterer Kerngedanke des vorliegenden Transportsystems besteht darin, dass das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement eine Vielzahl an sich vertikal nach unten erstreckenden Bolzen zum FĆ¼hren und/oder Fixieren des technischen Textils wƤhrend dessen Herstellung aufweist, wobei jeder Bolzen mit einem ersten Ende an der Unterseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet sind und mit einem weiteren, freien Ende nach unten ausgerichtet ist. Das hier beschriebene Transportsystem weist folglich ein FaserfĆ¼hrungselement auf, dessen Bolzen nach unten verlaufend angeordnet sind. Im einfachsten Fall sind diese Bolzen vertikal nach unten ausgerichtet, sodass das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement an seiner OberflƤche keine entsprechenden Bolzen aufweist. Ist das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement beispielsweise als das bereits beschriebene FaserfĆ¼hrungsband ausgebildet, so erstrecken sich die Bolzen an der Unterseite des Bandes nach unten. Im bekannten Stand der Technik fĆ¼r Ć¼bliche Textilien sind die Halterungen oftmals auf der Oberseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungsband angeordnet, da bekannter Weise die Textilherstellung von oben erfolgt. Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung ist dies gerade nicht der Fall. Das hier beschriebene Transportsystem mit dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement und den nach unten ausgerichteten Bolzen ist folglich derart ausgebildet, dass das herzustellende technische Textil unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements, also benachbart zu dessen Unterseite und Ć¼ber Kopf gelegt und angeordnet wird. Dies ist weiterhin von Vorteil, da hierdurch der spƤtere Veredelungsschritt deutlich vereinfacht wird.
Unter "Transportrichtung" ist vorteilhaft diejenige Richtung zu verstehen, in welcher das technische Textil wƤhrend seines Herstellungsverfahrens transportiert wird.
Another core idea of the present transport system is that the fiber guide element has a plurality of vertically downwardly extending bolts for guiding and / or fixing the technical fabric during its manufacture, each bolt are arranged with a first end on the underside of the fiber guide element and is aligned with another, free end down. The transport system described here thus has a fiber guide element, the bolts are arranged running downwards. In the simplest case, these bolts are aligned vertically downwards, so that the fiber guide element has no corresponding bolts on its surface. If the fiber guide element is designed, for example, as the already described fiber guide belt, then the bolts extend downwards on the underside of the belt. In the known state of the art for conventional textiles, the brackets are often arranged on top of the fiber guide belt, since known manner, the textile is made from above. This is not the case with the present invention. The transport system described here with the fiber guide element and the downwardly oriented bolt is thus designed such that the technical textile to be produced is placed and arranged below the fiber guide element, ie adjacent to the underside thereof and overhead. This is also advantageous, as this significantly simplifies the subsequent refining step.
The term "transport direction" is to be understood as meaning the direction in which the technical textile is transported during its production process.

Als "technisches Textil" ist vorteilhaft ein Textil zu verstehen, welches sich durch besondere technische Eigenschaften auszeichnet oder technische Funktionen aufweist. Im vorliegenden Fall ist das beschriebene technische Textil vorteilhaft als textiles Betonbewehrungsschlaufengitterelement und noch vorteilhafter als textiles Hochleistungsbetonbewehrungsschlaufengitterelement ausgebildet. Hierzu weist es wenigstens zwei FaserbĆ¼ndel auf, welche versetzt zueinander angeordnet sind und, welche das technische Textil aufspannen.As a "technical textile" is advantageous to understand a textile, which is characterized by special technical properties or has technical features. In the present case, the technical textile described is advantageous as a textile Betonbewehrungsschlaufungsengitterelement and even more advantageously designed as a textile Hochleistungsbetonbewehrungsschlaufengitterelement. For this purpose, it has at least two fiber bundles, which are arranged offset from one another and which span the technical textile.

Unter "mƤanderfƶrmig" ist vorteilhaft ein Verlauf von FaserbĆ¼ndeln zu verstehen, welcher sowohl quer zu oder in Transportrichtung gerade verlaufende Abschnitte sowie daran anschlieƟende gekrĆ¼mmte Abschnitte aufweist, wobei die gekrĆ¼mmten Abschnitte wiederum in gerade verlaufenden Abschnitte Ć¼bergehen und so weiter. Unter "FaserbĆ¼ndel" ist vorteilhaft wenigstens eine Faser, vorteilhaft wenigstens zwei Fasern, noch vorteilhafter eine Vielzahl an Fasern zu verstehen, welche parallel zueinander sowie vorteilhaft aneinander liegend als BĆ¼ndel angeordnet sind. So ist beispielsweise denkbar, dass ein FaserbĆ¼ndel eine Anzahl von Fasern im Bereich von 1 - 350.000 aufweist. Je stƤrker das FaserbĆ¼ndel ausgebildet ist, desto besser ist dessen Kraftaufnahme im verlegten Zustand im technischen Textil, beispielsweise in einem Betonfertigteil. Die derartige FaserbĆ¼ndel werden auch als Rovings bezeichnet."Meandering" is advantageously a course of fiber bundles to understand, which has both transversely to or in the transport direction straight sections and adjoining curved sections, the curved sections turn into straight sections and so on. "Fiber bundles" is advantageously to be understood as meaning at least one fiber, advantageously at least two fibers, more preferably a multiplicity of fibers, which are arranged parallel to one another and advantageously lying against one another as a bundle. For example, it is conceivable that a fiber bundle has a number of fibers in the range of 1 to 350,000. The stronger the fiber bundle is formed, the better is its power absorption in the laid state in the technical textile, for example in a precast concrete part. Such fiber bundles are also referred to as rovings.

Weitere vorteilhafte AusfĆ¼hrungen ergeben sich aus den UnteransprĆ¼chen.Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften AusfĆ¼hrungsform sind die Bolzen wenigstens an den und/oder in der NƤhe der AuƟenkanten des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet. Die nach unten ausgerichteten Bolzen dienen dazu, wƤhrend des Herstellungsverfahrens des technischen Textils von wenigstens einem FaserbĆ¼ndel teilweise umwunden zu werden, so dass ein mƤanderfƶrmiger Verlauf des FaserbĆ¼ndels bedingt ist. Folglich ist es von Vorteil, wenn die Bolzen zunƤchst an den und/oder in der NƤhe der AuƟenkanten des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet sind, sodass eine mƶglichst groƟe FlƤche und ein mƶglichst langer Verlauf der mƤanderfƶrmigen Ausbildung des wenigstens einen FaserbĆ¼ndels des technischen Textils sichergestellt werden kann.In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts are arranged at least at and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element. The downwardly oriented bolts serve to be partially wound during the manufacturing process of the technical textile of at least one fiber bundle, so that a meandering course of the fiber bundle is caused. Consequently, it is advantageous if the bolts are initially arranged on and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element, so that the largest possible surface and the longest possible course of the meandering formation of the at least one fiber bundle of the technical textile can be ensured.

Dies ist selbstverstƤndlich nicht begrenzend zu verstehen. Weiterhin kƶnnen die Bolzen zusƤtzlich auch quer zur Transportrichtung angeordnet sein. In diesem Fall spannen die Bolzen einen Rahmen auf, welcher sich in und quer zur Transportrichtung des technischen Textils wƤhrend dessen Herstellung erstreckt. Die Bolzen sind in diesem AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiels daher als Rahmen, vorteilhafter als Spannrahmen oder Klemmrahmen, ausgebildet. In AbhƤngigkeit der Anordnung der Bolzen ist der daraus resultierende Rahmen in seiner GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder Position verƤnderbar ausgebildet. Durch das mƤanderfƶrmige Verlegen der FaserbĆ¼ndel um die Bolzen ist es somit erstmals mƶglich, ein individuelles technisches Textil herzustellen. Das technisches Textil der hier beschriebenen Erfindung ist vorkonfektioniert. Es wird bereits in der gewĆ¼nschten Endgeometrie unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements vorgelegt, beispielsweise mit wenigstens einem FaserbĆ¼ndelleger. Eine aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Nachkonfektionierung entfƤllt vollstƤndig. Hierdurch kƶnnen Herstellungskosten eingespart werden.Of course, this is not meant to be limiting. Furthermore, the bolts may additionally be arranged transversely to the transport direction. In this case, the bolts span a frame which extends in and across the transport direction of the technical fabric during its manufacture. The bolts are therefore formed in this embodiment as a frame, more advantageously as a clamping frame or clamping frame. Depending on the arrangement of the bolt, the resulting frame is designed to be variable in size and / or position. Due to the meandering laying of the fiber bundles around the bolts, it is thus possible for the first time to produce an individual technical textile. The technical textile of the invention described here is prefabricated. It is already in the desired final geometry presented below the fiber guide element, for example with at least one FaserbĆ¼ndelleger. A post-fabrication known from the prior art is completely eliminated. As a result, manufacturing costs can be saved.

Um den individuellen Grad des unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements zu legendem technischen Textils noch weiter zu erhƶhen, sind, in einer weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsform, die Bolzen zumindest teilweise mit dem ersten, an dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement angeordnetem Ende verfahrbar angeordnet. Im einfachsten Fall weist das Transportsystem hierzu TrƤgerbalken auf, welche zwischen dem Bolzenende und dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement angeordnet sind. Die Bolzen sind folglich Ć¼ber die TrƤgerbalken an dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement angeordnet. Besonders vorteilhaft sind die TrƤgerbalken, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff ausgebildet, entlang des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements motorisch in ihrer Position verƤnderbar. Die TrƤgerbalken kƶnnen hierzu mit unterschiedlichen Mechanismen unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements verfahren werden, beispielsweise Ć¼ber ZahnrƤder, Nut-Feder-Mechanismen oder dergleichen. Alternativ ist auch eine reine motorische Steuerung eines jeden TrƤgerbalkens denkbar, wobei dann jeder TrƤgerbalken eine eigene Antriebseinheit, beispielsweise einen Servomotor, aufweist. Die FĆ¼hrung der TrƤgerbalken in und/oder quer und/oder in beliebiger Richtung unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements kann weiterhin mittels FĆ¼hrungsnuten oder auch magnetisch ausgebildet sein. Hierdurch wird eine grĆ¶ĆŸtmƶgliche FlexibilitƤt erreicht, wie die Bolzen angeordnet werden kƶnnen.In order to further increase the individual level of the technical textile to be laid below the fiber guiding element, in a further embodiment, the bolts are arranged to be movable at least partially with the first end disposed on the fiber guiding element. In the simplest case, the transport system has carrier beams for this purpose, which are arranged between the bolt end and the fiber guide element. The bolts are thus arranged on the carrier bars on the fiber guide element. Particularly advantageously, the support beams, for example made of plastic, along the fiber guide element can be changed in position by a motor. The support beams can be moved for this purpose with different mechanisms below the fiber guide element, for example via gears, tongue and groove mechanisms or the like. Alternatively, a pure motor control of each support beam is conceivable, in which case each support beam has its own drive unit, for example a servomotor. The guide of the support beams in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may further be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically. As a result, the greatest possible flexibility is achieved, as the bolts can be arranged.

In einer weiteren AusfĆ¼hrungsform hat es sich als ganz besonders vorteilhaft, wenn jeder Bolzen selbst eine eigene Antriebseinheit aufweist. Hierbei kann dann auf die TrƤgerbalken verzichtet werden, da die Bolzen individuell ansteuer- und verfahrbar ausgebildet sind. Die FĆ¼hrung der Bolzen in und/oder quer und/oder in beliebiger Richtung unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements kann mittels FĆ¼hrungsnuten oder auch magnetisch ausgebildet sein. Ferner ist auch denkbar, mehrere Bolzen Ć¼ber lediglich eine Antriebseinheit anzusteuern und in ihrer Position einzeln und/oder gemeinsam zu verƤndern.In a further embodiment, it has been found to be particularly advantageous if each bolt itself has its own drive unit having. This can then be dispensed with the support beams, since the bolts are individually controlled and moved. The leadership of the bolt in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to control a plurality of bolts via only one drive unit and to change their position individually and / or together.

ErfindungsgemƤƟ sind die Bolzen in Durchmesser und/oder Umriss verƤnderbar ausgebildet. Unter Umriss ist im Rahmen der Erfindung die ƤuƟere Form der Bolzen zu verstehen. So ist denkbar, dass mit einer DurchmesserƤnderung oder alternativ zu dieser auch eine UmrissƤnderung durchgefĆ¼hrt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine VerlƤngerung oder auch VerkĆ¼rzung des jeweiligen Bolzen erfolgen. Die Bolzen sind im einfachsten Fall reihenfƶrmig hintereinander in Transportrichtung und quer zu dieser angeordnet. Sie bilden somit einen rechteckigen Rahmen aus, um welchen die FaserbĆ¼ndel zur Ausbildung des technischen Textils gelegt werden. Im einfachsten Fall wird ein erstes FaserbĆ¼ndel quer zur Transportrichtung in mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf um die Bolzen verlegt. Somit spannt sich eine erste Faserlage auf. Das zweite FaserbĆ¼ndel wird um 90Ā° versetzt hierzu um die weiteren Bolzen gelegt. Somit ergibt sich eine Gitterstruktur, welche seitliche, um die Bolzen herum gelegte Faserbƶgen, auch Schlaufen genannt, aufweist. Die Bolzen dienen hierbei der Ausbildung der Schlaufen. Sind nun beide Faserlagen in der gewĆ¼nschten GrĆ¶ĆŸe gelegt und die Enden und AnfƤnge ausreichend fixiert, so kƶnnen die Bolzen in GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder verƤndert, vorteilhaft vergrĆ¶ĆŸert werden. Wird beispielsweise der Bolzendurchmesser vergrĆ¶ĆŸert, werden die noch lose um die Bolzen herum gelegten Schlaufen gespannt. Hierdurch erfolgt zugleich eine Fixierung der beiden Faserlagen in der gewĆ¼nschten Position. Somit kann individuell auf die jeweiligen Einsatzgebiete des technischen Textils RĆ¼cksicht genommen werden und die Faserbƶgen durch die BolzenverƤnderung stets individuell ausgebildet werden. Werden Bolzen fĆ¼r die Herstellung eines technischen Textils nicht benƶtigt, so kƶnnen die Bolzen aus dem Legebereich heraus verfahren werden. Alternativ kƶnnen die Bolzen auch in Richtung des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements versenkt und ihrer GrĆ¶ĆŸe verkleinert werden.According to the invention, the bolts are designed to be variable in diameter and / or outline. Under outline is to be understood in the context of the invention, the outer shape of the bolt. Thus, it is conceivable that with a change in diameter or alternatively to this also a contour change is performed. This can be done for example by an extension or shortening of the respective bolt. The bolts are arranged in the simplest case in rows one behind the other in the transport direction and transversely to this. They thus form a rectangular frame around which the fiber bundles are laid to form the technical textile. In the simplest case, a first fiber bundle is laid transversely to the transport direction in a meandering course around the bolts. Thus, a first fiber layer stretches. The second fiber bundle is offset by 90 Ā° to this placed around the other bolts. This results in a lattice structure, which has lateral, around the bolts around laid fiber bows, also called loops. The bolts serve to form the loops. Now, if both fiber layers are placed in the desired size and the ends and starts sufficiently fixed, so the bolts can be in size and / or changed, advantageously increased. If, for example, the bolt diameter is increased, the still loosely laid loops around the bolts. This results in a fixation of the two fiber layers in the desired position at the same time. Thus, individual consideration can be given to the respective fields of application of the technical textile and the fiber sheets can always be formed individually by changing the pin. If bolts are not required for the production of a technical textile, the bolts can be moved out of the laying area. Alternatively, the bolts can also be sunk in the direction of the fiber guide element and reduced in size.

Vorteilhaft sind die Bolzen aus Metall und/oder Kunststoff ausgebildet. Metall hat den Vorteil, dass die Bolzen eine hohe Langlebigkeit und lediglich geringe Abnutzungserscheinungen aufweisen. Die Ausbildung der Bolzen aus Kunststoff, vorteilhaft aus wenigstens einem Elastomer, ist besonders geeignet, wenn die Bolzen durch Luftzufuhr und/oder Luftabfuhr, also pneumatisch, in ihrer GrĆ¶ĆŸe verƤndert werden kƶnnen. Durch die elastische und flexible Ausbildung der Bolzen kann dessen GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder Umriss durch Luftzufuhr und/oder Luftabfuhr verƤndert werden. Hierbei ist aber sicherzustellen, dass die Bolzen stets eine gewisse Eigensteifigkeit aufweisen, sodass das FaserbĆ¼ndel wƤhrend des mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlegens um die Bolzen herum gerade nicht die GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder den Umriss der Bolzen verƤndert. Eine derartige VerƤnderung wird lediglich durch Luftzufuhr und/oder Luftabfuhr ermƶglicht. Dies bedeutet vereinfacht, dass die Bolzen mit Luft aufgeblasen werden und die Luft auch wieder aus den Bolzen abfĆ¼hrbar ist. Somit kann in einfache und kostengĆ¼nstiger Art die Schlaufengeometrie verƤndert bzw. die Schlaufen ausreichend fixiert werden, ohne dass es zu Verzerrungen im technischen Textil kommt. Im einfachsten Fall kann jeder Bolzen individuell in seiner GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder Umriss verƤnderbar sein.The bolts are advantageously made of metal and / or plastic. Metal has the advantage that the bolts have a long service life and only slight signs of wear. The formation of the pin made of plastic, advantageously of at least one elastomer, is particularly suitable if the bolts can be changed in size by air supply and / or air removal, so pneumatic. Due to the elastic and flexible design of the bolt whose size and / or outline can be changed by air supply and / or air removal. In this case, however, it must be ensured that the bolts always have a certain inherent rigidity so that the fiber bundle does not change the size and / or the outline of the bolts during the meandering laying around the bolts. Such a change is made possible only by air supply and / or air removal. This simply means that the bolts are inflated with air and the air is again discharged from the bolt. Thus, the loop geometry can be changed in a simple and cost-effective manner or the loops can be sufficiently fixed without causing distortions in the technical Textile is coming. In the simplest case, each bolt can be individually changed in size and / or outline.

Besonders vorteilhaft weisen die Bolzen in ihrer Ausgangsform, also der unverƤnderten GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder dem unverƤnderten Umriss, einen AuƟendurchmesser im Bereich von 0,5 - 12 cm auf. Besonders vorteilhaft ist der AuƟendurchmesser der Bolzen um das wenigstens Zweifache bis Zehnfache vergrĆ¶ĆŸerbar ausgebildet. Im einfachsten Fall ist der Umriss der Bolzen rund ausgebildet. Dies ermƶglicht beispielsweise eine U-fƶrmige und/oder tropfenfƶrmige Ausbildung der Faserbƶgen, welche vorteilhaft als Schlaufen bezeichnet werden kƶnnen. Dies ist selbstverstƤndlich nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, sodass die Bolzen auch einen von rund verschiedenen Umriss aufweisen kƶnnen, beispielsweise eckig, ellipsoidal oder polygonal. Hierbei gilt zu berĆ¼cksichtigen, dass bei einer von rund verschiedenen Ausbildung die Kanten der Bolzen vorteilhaft stets abgerundet ausgebildet sind, um die FaserbĆ¼ndel vor BeschƤdigung oder Knicken zu schĆ¼tzen. Weiterhin kƶnnen die Bolzen aus Polytetrafluorethylen ausgebildet oder zumindest teilweise hiermit beschichtet sein. Durch die damit einhergehende Reduzierung der Anhaftung des Beschichtungsmaterials im spƤteren Beschichtungsschritt kann dieses, nach dem das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement wieder aus dem Tauchbad herausgefĆ¼hrt ist, leicht davon abtropfen.Particularly advantageously, the bolts in their initial shape, ie the unchanged size and / or the unchanged outline, an outer diameter in the range of 0.5 - 12 cm. Particularly advantageously, the outer diameter of the bolt is designed to be at least twice to ten times larger. In the simplest case, the outline of the bolt is round. This allows, for example, a U-shaped and / or teardrop-shaped formation of the fiber sheets, which can be advantageously referred to as loops. This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that the bolts can also have a somewhat different outline, for example angular, ellipsoidal or polygonal. It should be noted that in one of approximately different training, the edges of the bolts are advantageously always rounded to protect the fiber bundles from damage or kinking. Furthermore, the bolts may be formed of polytetrafluoroethylene or at least partially coated therewith. Due to the concomitant reduction in the adhesion of the coating material in the later coating step, this, after which the fiber guide element is led out of the dipping bath again, can easily drip off.

Ferner kann neben der pneumatischen VerƤnderung der Bolzenform auch eine mechanische, elektronische und/oder hydraulische VerƤnderung des Durchmessers und/oder des Umrisses eines jeden Bolzen realisiert werden. So ist denkbar, dass jeder Bolzen mit beispielsweise einem ursprĆ¼nglich runden Querschnitt aufgeweitet wird, in dem er sich beispielsweise hƤlftig teilt und die beiden halbrunden Teilbolzen voneinander weg bewegt werden. Diese Bewegung kann im einfachsten Fall mechanisch, beispielsweise durch Federelemente oder ZahnrƤder ermƶglicht werden, welche die beiden halbrunden Teilbolzen sowohl voneinander weg als auch spƤter aufeinander zu bewegen kƶnnen. In ErgƤnzung ist denkbar, diese mechanischen Elemente elektronisch anzusteuern. Alternativ ist auch denkbar, die UmrissverƤnderung und/oder GrĆ¶ĆŸenverƤnderung der Bolzen hydraulisch umzusetzen. Hierzu sind dann vorteilhaft geeignete Kolben innerhalb der Bolzen vorgesehen. Die hier beschriebenen Bolzen als Bestandteil des Transportsystems sind als Klemmeinheiten ausgebildet. Diese Klemmeinheiten sind vorteilhaft, da hierdurch das um die Bolzen mƤanderfƶrmig verlegte technische Textil zusƤtzlich wƤhrend dessen Verlegung oder auch des spƤteren Transports zur Beschichtungseinrichtung hin bzw. von dieser weg stabil gespannt und von den Bolzen entsprechend gehalten wird. Vorteilhaft ergibt sich die Klemmwirkung dadurch, dass nach dem mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlegen der beiden FaserbĆ¼ndel um die Bolzen, zum Aufspannen des technischen Textils, die Bolzen in ihrer GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder in ihrem Umriss ausgeweitet werden und somit eine Spannwirkung und/oder Klemmwirkung auf die Faserbƶgen ausgebildet wird.Furthermore, in addition to the pneumatic change of the bolt shape, a mechanical, electronic and / or hydraulic change of the diameter and / or the contour of each bolt can be realized. Thus, it is conceivable that each bolt is widened with, for example, an initially round cross-section in which it is, for example, in half divides and the two semicircular sub-bolts are moved away from each other. In the simplest case, this movement can be made possible mechanically, for example by means of spring elements or toothed wheels, which can move the two semicircular part bolts both away from one another and later on one another. In addition, it is conceivable to control these mechanical elements electronically. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to implement the contour change and / or size change of the bolts hydraulically. For this purpose, advantageously suitable pistons are provided within the bolt. The bolts described here as part of the transport system are designed as clamping units. These clamping units are advantageous because in this way the meandering around the bolt technical textile additionally stretched during its installation or the subsequent transport to the coating device out or away from this stable and held by the bolt accordingly. Advantageously, the clamping effect results from the fact that after the meandering laying of the two fiber bundles around the bolts, for clamping the technical textile, the bolts are expanded in size and / or in its outline and thus formed a clamping effect and / or clamping action on the fiber sheets becomes.

Ferner kann eine weitere Klemmwirkung der Bolzen ausgebildet sein. Mit Verlegen der einzelnen Faserlagen sind die verwendeten FaserbĆ¼ndel auch an Beginn und Ende der Faserlage zu fixieren. Somit kann eine stabile Schlaufenlegung und Vorkonfektionierung erfolgen. Im einfachsten Fall weisen die Bolzen hierzu wenigstens ein Klemmelement, beispielsweise in Form wenigstens eines Klemmbackens und/oder einer Klemmnut oder dergleichen, auf.Furthermore, a further clamping action of the bolts can be formed. By laying the individual fiber layers, the fiber bundles used are also to be fixed at the beginning and end of the fiber layer. Thus, a stable Schlaufenlegung and prefastening done. In the simplest case, the bolts for this purpose have at least one clamping element, for example in the form of at least one clamping jaw and / or a clamping groove or the like.

Aufgrund der vorteilhaften Spannwirkung und/oder Klemmwirkung der Bolzen kann erstmals auf PolfƤden, Binde- oder Umwindegarne zur Fixierung der einzelnen Faserlagen aneinander vollstƤndig verzichtet werden. Die einzelnen Faserlagen, welche das technische Textil aufspannen werden verlƤsslich und sicher von den aufgeweiteten Bolzen wƤhrend des gesamten, weiteren Herstellungsprozesses gehalten. Somit kƶnnen weitere Arbeitsschritte, wie beispielsweise das Umwinden oder punktuelles Verkleben der Faserlagen aneinander, wegfallen und die Kosten signifikant reduziert werden. Alternativ kann die Spann- oder Klemmwirkung der Bolzen auch dadurch erreicht werden, dass die Bolzen in ihrer Form gleich bleiben, aber in ihrer Position verfahren werden. Auch durch diese gezielte PositionsƤnderung kƶnnen die zunƤchst lose um die Bolzen angeordneten Schlaufen gespannt und die gesamte Faserlage fixiert werden. DarĆ¼ber hinaus denkbar, die Bolzen rotierbar um die eigene Achse auszubilden. Dies hat im spƤteren Beschichtungsschritt weitere Vorteile.Due to the advantageous clamping effect and / or clamping action of the bolt can be completely dispensed with pile threads, binding or Umwindegarne for fixing the individual fiber layers together for the first time. The individual fiber layers which span the technical textile are held reliably and securely by the expanded bolts during the entire, further manufacturing process. Thus, further work steps, such as the winding or punctiform bonding of the fiber layers together, can be eliminated and the costs significantly reduced. Alternatively, the clamping or clamping action of the bolt can also be achieved in that the bolts remain the same in shape, but are moved in their position. Also by this targeted change in position, the initially loosely arranged around the bolt loops can be stretched and fixed the entire fiber layer. In addition, conceivable to form the bolt rotatable about its own axis. This has further advantages in the later coating step.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften AusfĆ¼hrungsform hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Bolzen als Bolzengruppen von wenigstens 3 Bolzen pro Gruppe anzuordnen. Noch vorteilhafter haben sich Gruppen von 5 oder 7 Bolzen pro Gruppe erwiesen. Je mehr Bolzen vorgesehen sind, desto feiner und kontrollierter kann die Ausbildung der Faserbƶgen und deren KrĆ¼mmung erfolgen. So kƶnnen neben hier ausfĆ¼hrlich beschriebenen Faserbƶgen auch andere Schlaufengeometrien erstmals, ohne groƟen Produktionsaufwand, hergestellt werden. Denkbar sind beispielsweise Schlaufen in Wellenlinienform, oder Doppel- oder Mehrfachschlaufen. Das hier beschriebene Transportsystem mit dem vorteilhaft ausgebildeten FaserfĆ¼hrungselement bietet erstmals die Mƶglichkeit, technische Textile mit auƟenliegenden Faserbƶgen/Schlaufen herzustellen, wobei diese Faserbƶgen erstmals in ihrer Geometrie frei und individuell gestaltbar ausgebildet sind. Die Geometrie der Faserbƶgen bedingt sich durch die Anordnung der Bolzen, welche besonders vorteilhaft elektronisch verfahren werden kƶnnen, um die gewĆ¼nschte Schlaufengeometrie einzustellen. Folglich ist das technische Textil vorkonfektioniert und wird bereits in seiner gewĆ¼nschten Endgeomtrie hergestellt. Je nach Bedarf kƶnnen die Bolzen einzeln und/oder als Gruppe in ihrer Position verfahren werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, it has proved to be advantageous to arrange the bolts as bolt groups of at least 3 bolts per group. Even more advantageous have been groups of 5 or 7 bolts per group. The more bolts are provided, the finer and more controlled the formation of the fiber sheets and their curvature can take place. Thus, in addition to fiber sheets described in detail here, other loop geometries can be produced for the first time, without great production effort. Conceivable, for example, loops in wavy lines, or double or multiple loops. The transport system described here with the advantageously designed fiber guide element offers for the first time the possibility of technical textiles with outboard Produce fiber sheets / loops, these fiber sheets are designed free and customizable for the first time in their geometry. The geometry of the fiber sheets is due to the arrangement of the bolts, which can be moved particularly advantageous electronically to set the desired loop geometry. Consequently, the technical textile is prefabricated and is already produced in its desired Endgeomtrie. Depending on requirements, the bolts can be moved individually and / or as a group in their position.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften AusfĆ¼hrungsform weisen die Bolzen an ihrem freien, nach unten ausgerichteten Ende eine VerjĆ¼ngung auf. Im einfachsten Fall sind die Bolzen sich konisch nach unten verjĆ¼ngend ausgebildet, sodass sich der Durchmesser zum freien Ende des jeweiligen Bolzens hin (zunƤchst) verringert. Dies ist von Vorteil, da durch diese Durchmesserverringerung auch die AnlageflƤche der Schlaufen an den jeweiligen Bolzen verringert wird. Je mehr Bolzen fĆ¼r die Ausbildung einer Schlaufe vorgesehen sind, desto geringer ist die einzelne AnlageflƤche der jeweiligen Schlaufe an dem jeweiligen Bolzen selbst. Dies ist insbesondere fĆ¼r die spƤtere Beschichtung von Vorteil.In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts on their free, downwardly directed end to a taper. In the simplest case, the bolts are conically tapered downwards so that the diameter decreases (initially) towards the free end of the respective bolt. This is advantageous because this reduction in diameter also reduces the contact surface of the loops on the respective bolts. The more bolts are provided for the formation of a loop, the lower the individual contact surface of the respective loop on the respective bolt itself. This is particularly advantageous for the subsequent coating.

Je nach Ausbildung kann das freie Ende eines jeden Bolzens mit einer Abdeckplatte bzw. einer Begrenzungsplatte versehen sein, welche verhindert, dass das technische Textil vom Bolzen rutscht. In einer alternativen AusfĆ¼hrung ist auch denkbar, dass ein jeder Bolzen wenigstens eine FĆ¼hrungsnut aufweist, innerhalb welcher die Faserbƶgen vorgelegt werden kƶnnen. Besonders vorteilhaft weist diese FĆ¼hrungsnut deutlich abgeflachte Seiten auf, sodass die Reibungspunkte und mƶglicherweise Verletzungspunkte der einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel des technischen Textils vermindert sind. Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Bolzen ist in Sanduhrform. Besonders vorteilhaft werden bei dieser Sanduhrform die Faserbƶgen entlang der verjĆ¼ngten Taille gefĆ¼hrt und durch den nach oben und unten zunehmenden Durchmesser des Bolzens auch entsprechend sicher in dieser gehalten.Depending on the design, the free end of each bolt may be provided with a cover plate or a boundary plate, which prevents the technical textile from slipping off the bolt. In an alternative embodiment, it is also conceivable that each bolt has at least one guide groove, within which the fiber sheets can be submitted. Particularly advantageously, this guide groove has significantly flattened sides, so that the friction points and possibly Injury points of the individual fiber bundles of the technical textile are reduced. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the bolt is in hourglass shape. Particularly advantageous in this hourglass shape, the fiber sheets are guided along the tapered waist and held by the up and down increasing diameter of the bolt also correspondingly safe in this.

Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines technischen Textils mit einem oben ausfĆ¼hrlich beschriebenen Transportsystem. Neben dem Transportsystem weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin wenigstens einen FaserbĆ¼ndelleger zum Vorlegen wenigstens eines ersten und zweiten FaserbĆ¼ndels in mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf um die Bolzen des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements auf. Das erste FaserbĆ¼ndel bildet hierbei eine erste und das zweite FaserbĆ¼ndel bildet hierbei eine zweite Faserlage aus, wobei die Faserlagen eine versetzt zueinander ausgebildete Ausrichtung aufweisen. Beiden Lagen zusammen spannen das technische Textil auf.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for producing a technical textile with a transport system described in detail above. In addition to the transport system, the device furthermore has at least one fiber bundle former for presenting at least one first and second fiber bundle in a meandering pattern around the bolts of the fiber guiding element. In this case, the first fiber bundle forms a first fiber bundle and the second fiber bundle forms a second fiber layer, wherein the fiber layers have a mutually offset alignment. Both layers together span the technical textile.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind erste und zweite Faserlage in einer versetzt zueinander ausgebildeten Ausrichtung angeordnet. Dies kann in einfachsten Fall orthogonal sein, so dass erste und zweite Faserlage eine Gitterstruktur ausbilden.Particularly advantageous first and second fiber layer are arranged in a mutually offset alignment. In the simplest case, this can be orthogonal, so that first and second fiber layers form a lattice structure.

Weiterhin weist die Vorrichtung wenigstens eine Beschichtungseinrichtung zum Veredeln des gelegten technischen Textils auf. Unter "Veredeln" ist vorteilhaft das Beschichten des technischen Textils mit wenigstens einem Beschichtungsmaterial zu verstehen. Das Beschichten kann sich hierbei lediglich auf die OberflƤchenanordnung des Beschichtungsmaterials beziehen und/oder auch auf die zumindest teilweises, vorteilhaft vollstƤndige DurchtrƤnkung, der FaserbĆ¼ndel mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial. Die Beschichtungseinrichtung weist hierzu wenigstens ein TrƤnkungsbad auf, in welchem Beschichtungsmaterial angeordnet ist.Furthermore, the device has at least one coating device for refining the laid technical textile. Under "finishing" is advantageous to understand the coating of the technical textile with at least one coating material. Coating may in this case relate only to the surface arrangement of the coating material and / or also to the at least partial, advantageous complete impregnation of the fiber bundle with the coating material. For this purpose, the coating device has at least one impregnation bath in which coating material is arranged.

Das verwendete Beschichtungsmaterial in der Beschichtungseinheit ist vorteilhaft wenigstens eine Kunststofflƶsung und/oder wenigstens eine Kunststoffdispersion und/oder wenigstens eine anorganische Beschichtung, beispielsweise eine Silan- oder Silikatlƶsung enthaltend. Besonders vorteilhaft werden fĆ¼r die Beschichtung duroplastische, wƤssrige Polymerdispersionen wie beispielweise SBR, Styrol-Butadien- und/oder Acrylatbeschichtungen verwendet. DarĆ¼ber hinaus sind auch Lƶsemittelhaltige oder Lƶsungsmittelfreie Polymerdispersionen einsetzbar. Vorteilhaft werden die Beschichtungen mit einer Schichtdicke im Bereich von 10 nm - 1000 Āµm, noch vorteilhafter von 50 nm - 500 Āµm aufgebracht.The coating material used in the coating unit is advantageously at least one plastic solution and / or at least one plastic dispersion and / or at least one inorganic coating, for example containing a silane or silicate solution. Thermosetting, aqueous polymer dispersions such as, for example, SBR, styrene-butadiene and / or acrylate coatings are particularly advantageously used for the coating. In addition, solvent-containing or solvent-free polymer dispersions can also be used. Advantageously, the coatings with a layer thickness in the range of 10 nm - 1000 microns, more preferably applied by 50 nm - 500 microns.

Im einfachsten Fall ist das Beschichtungsmaterial im flĆ¼ssigen Zustand vorgelegt. Weiterhin ist aber auch denkbar, das Beschichtungsmaterial in pulverfƶrmigem Zustand im Tauchbad bereitzustellen. Das zu veredelnde technische Textil wird entweder in das flĆ¼ssige oder pulverfƶrmige Beschichtungsmaterial von oben her eingetaucht. Wird das pulverfƶrmige Beschichtungsmaterial verwendet, so kƶnnen die FaserbĆ¼ndel vorbehandelt oder das bereits gelegte technische Textil vor dem Beschichtungsschritt vorbehandelt sein, beispielsweise mit einer haftvermittelnden Polymerlƶsung oder einer Silikatlƶsung besprĆ¼ht sein.In the simplest case, the coating material is initially charged in the liquid state. Furthermore, however, it is also conceivable to provide the coating material in a powdery state in an immersion bath. The technical textile to be refined is immersed either in the liquid or powder coating material from above. If the pulverulent coating material is used, then the fiber bundles can be pretreated or the already laid technical textile can be pretreated before the coating step, for example sprayed with an adhesion-promoting polymer solution or a silicate solution.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Beschichtungseinrichtung als Zwei- oder Mehrwalzen-Foulard mit TrƤnkungsbad ausgebildet, welches das Beschichtungsmaterial enthƤlt. Das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement mit dem darunter angeordneten, zu veredelnden technischen Textil wird der Beschichtungseinrichtung von oben her zugefĆ¼hrt, besonders vorteilhaft senkrecht von oben eingetaucht. Durch das Ɯberkopfverlegen der FaserbĆ¼ndel und der daraus resultierenden Ɯberkopf-Anordnung des zu veredelnden technischen Textils ist es erstmals mƶglich, dass lediglich das zu veredelnde technische Textil vollstƤndig und die Bolzen des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements nur teilweise in das Beschichtungsmaterial eintauchen. Das eigentliche FaserfĆ¼hrungselement verbleibt oben, auƟerhalb des TrƤnkungsbades und wird nicht verschmutzt. Die Bolzen mit dem daran angeordneten technischen Textil tauchen nur von oben in das TrƤnkungsbad ein. Sie werden nicht, wie bisher aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt, vollstƤndig nebst FaserfĆ¼hrungselement durch das TrƤnkungsbad hindurchgezogen.Particularly advantageously, the coating device is designed as a two- or multi-roll foulard with impregnation bath, which contains the coating material. The fiber guiding element with the underlying technical textile to be refined is supplied to the coating device from above, particularly advantageously immersed vertically from above. The overhead laying of the fiber bundles and the resulting overhead arrangement of the technical textile to be finished makes it possible for the first time that only the technical textile to be finished is completely immersed and the bolts of the fiber guiding element only partially immersed in the coating material. The actual fiber guide element remains at the top, outside the impregnation bath and is not polluted. The bolts with the technical textile arranged on them dip only from above into the impregnation bath. They are not, as hitherto known from the prior art, completely pulled along with fiber guide element through the impregnation bath.

In AbhƤngigkeit der Transportgeschwindigkeit, also der Vorlaufgeschwindigkeit des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements, kann der TrƤnkungsgrad des technischen Textils entsprechend eingestellt werden. Die auƟenseitige Beschichtung des technischen Textils sowie dessen zeitgleiche TrƤnkung mit dem Beschichtungsmaterial dienen dessen Stabilisierung. Durch das Eintauchen und/oder Durchziehen des technischen Textils von oben hinein in das TrƤnkungsbad wird dieses gezielt beschichtet und/oder getrƤnkt. Zugleich wird lediglich ein sehr geringer Anteil Beschichtungsmaterial auf die Bolzen Ć¼bertragen. Die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Beschichtungsmaterialverschleppung wird deutlich reduziert. Weisen die Bolzen, wie bereits oben erwƤhnt eine Teflonbeschichtung auf, so kann das Beschichtungsmaterial besonders leicht von den Bolzen abtropfen und aufwƤndige Reinigungsschritte fallen ebenfalls weg. Sind die Bolzen mehrteilig ausgebildet, zur GrĆ¶ĆŸen und/oder UmrissverƤnderung, so ist weiterhin stets sichergestellt, dass eine ausreichende Abdichtung vorgesehen ist und Beschichtungsmaterial nicht in das Bolzeninnere eindringen kann. Weiterhin kƶnnen auch mehrere TrƤnkungsbƤder mit unterschiedlichen Beschichtungsmaterialen in der Beschichtungseinrichtung angeordnet sein.Depending on the transport speed, ie the forward speed of the fiber guide element, the degree of soaking of the technical textile can be adjusted accordingly. The exterior coating of the technical textile and its simultaneous impregnation with the coating material serve to stabilize it. By immersing and / or pulling the technical textile from the top into the impregnation bath, it is purposefully coated and / or impregnated. At the same time, only a very small proportion of coating material is transferred to the bolts. The coating material carryover known from the prior art is significantly reduced. If the bolts, as already mentioned above, have a Teflon coating, then the coating material can drip off the bolts particularly easily, and costly cleaning steps likewise fall away. Are the Bolts designed in several parts, the size and / or contour change, it is also always ensured that an adequate seal is provided and coating material can not penetrate into the bolt interior. Furthermore, several impregnation baths with different coating materials can also be arranged in the coating device.

DarĆ¼ber hinaus hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass TrƤnkungsbad mit dem darin angeordneten Beschichtungsmaterial mit wenigstens einem Vibrationselement, beispielsweise einer Vibrationsplatte, auszubilden. Wird das Beschichtungsmaterial wƤhrend der TrƤnkung des technischen Textils mit Vibrationen beaufschlagt, so kann dessen Eindringen in die FaserbĆ¼ndel des technischen Textils optimiert und die TrƤnkung somit verbessert werden. Durch die Vibrationsbeaufschlagung des Beschichtungsmaterials dringt dieses besser und tiefer in die einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel ein. Deren StabilitƤt wird folglich erhƶht.Moreover, it has proven to be advantageous to form the impregnating bath with the coating material arranged therein with at least one vibrating element, for example a vibrating plate. If the coating material is subjected to vibrations during impregnation of the technical textile, its penetration into the fiber bundles of the technical textile can be optimized and the impregnation thus improved. By the vibration of the coating material penetrates this better and deeper into the individual fiber bundles. Their stability is thus increased.

Vorteilhaft rotieren die einzelnen Bolzen wƤhrend des Beschichtungsschrittes zumindest teilweise. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch auch in den AnlageflƤchen zwischen Schlaufen und Bolzen genĆ¼gend Beschichtungsmaterial in die Schlaufen eingebracht werden kann. Dies erhƶht die KorrosionsbestƤndigkeit des technischen Textils nochmals, da dessen OberflƤche vorteilhaft vollstƤndig beschichtet und durchtrƤnkt ausgebildet ist.Advantageously, the individual bolts rotate at least partially during the coating step. This is advantageous since, as a result, sufficient coating material can be introduced into the loops in the contact surfaces between loops and bolts. This further increases the corrosion resistance of the technical textile, since its surface is advantageously completely coated and impregnated.

Ferner ist denkbar, dass die Beschichtungseinrichtung anstelle des hier beschriebenen TrƤnkungsbades eine Bedampfungseinheit oder BesprĆ¼hungseinheit oder Rakeleinheit zum Aufbringen der wenigstens einen Kunststoffbeschichtung und/oder einer silanhaltigen Schlichte aufweist.It is also conceivable that instead of the impregnation bath described here, the coating device may be a vapor deposition unit or a spray unit or doctor unit for application having at least one plastic coating and / or a silane-containing size.

Weiterhin kann die Beschichtungseinrichtung Abquetschwalzen zum kontrollierten Abquetschen des Beschichtungsmaterials von dem damit beschichteten technischen Textil aufweisen. Die Abquetschwalzen kƶnnen allerdings auch der Beschichtungseinrichtung nachgeschaltet angeordnet sein.Furthermore, the coating device can comprise squeeze rolls for controlled squeezing of the coating material from the technical textile coated therewith. However, the squeeze rolls can also be arranged downstream of the coating device.

Ferner weist die hier beschriebene Vorrichtung wenigstens ein Warenabzugssystem zum Abzug des fertigen, technischen Textils von dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement auf.Furthermore, the device described here has at least one fabric removal system for the withdrawal of the finished, technical textile from the fiber guide element.

DarĆ¼ber hinaus ist denkbar, eine Besandungsanlage zum Auftragen von Sand auf das wenigstens noch teilweise flĆ¼ssige Beschichtungsmaterial nach dem TrƤnkungsbad anzuordnen. Der Sand verbindet sich mit dem noch flĆ¼ssigen Beschichtungsmaterial und bildet eine OberflƤchenvergrĆ¶ĆŸerung, also eine OberflƤchenaufrauhung, aus. Hierdurch kann der Haftverbund zum Beton deutlich verbessert werden.In addition, it is conceivable to arrange a sanding system for applying sand to the at least partially liquid coating material after the impregnation bath. The sand combines with the still liquid coating material and forms an increase in surface area, ie a surface roughening. As a result, the bond to the concrete can be significantly improved.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften AusfĆ¼hrungsform weist die Vorrichtung weiterhin eine AushƤrteeinheit zum AushƤrten des aufgebrachten Beschichtungsmaterials auf. Die AushƤrteeinheit ist dem TrƤnkungsbad nachgeschaltet angeordnet. Das Transportsystem durchlƤuft auch diese AushƤrteeinheit mit dem veredelten technischen Textil. Vorteilhaft ist die AushƤrteeinheit als Trocknungssystem ausgebildet, um die aufgebrachte Beschichtung und TrƤnkung zu trocknen und entsprechend auszuhƤrten. Das Trocknungssystem kann hierzu vorteilhaft ein Heizelement zur Temperaturbeaufschlagung des technischen Textils und/oder eine Mikrowellenquelle und/oder eine UV-Quelle aufweisen. Insbesondere bei Beschichtungsmaterialien aus Kunststoff erweisen sich Strahlungsquellen wie Mikrowelle oder UV als vorteilhafte Initiatoren zur Einleitung der notwendigen Vernetzung und AushƤrtung der Kunststoffe.In a further advantageous embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a curing unit for curing the applied coating material. The curing unit is arranged downstream of the impregnation bath. The transport system also passes through this curing unit with the finished technical textile. Advantageously, the curing unit is designed as a drying system to dry the applied coating and impregnation and cure accordingly. The drying system can for this purpose advantageously a heating element for temperature exposure of the technical textile and / or a microwave source and / or a UV source exhibit. Especially with plastic coating materials, radiation sources such as microwave or UV prove to be advantageous initiators for initiating the necessary crosslinking and curing of the plastics.

Die hier beschriebene Vorrichtung zeichnet sich besonders dadurch aus, dass sie wirkkopffrei ausgebildet ist. Das aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte, aufwƤndige Wirken oder Weben der technischen Textilien ist bei der offenbarten Vorrichtung unnƶtig. Wenigstens zwei FaserbĆ¼ndel werden in unterschiedlichen Faserlagen individuell gelegt und Ć¼ber die Bolzen des Transportsystems unterhalb desselbigen fixiert. Mit dem anschlieƟenden Eintauchen des gespannten, zu veredelndem technischen Textils in ein TrƤnkungsbad der Beschichtungseinrichtung werden die einzelnen, mƤanderfƶrmig verlaufenden FaserbĆ¼ndel in ihrer gewĆ¼nschten Position mit dem anschlieƟenden AushƤrten unlƶsbar aneinander fixiert.The device described here is characterized in particular by the fact that it is designed to be effective-free. The elaborate knitting or weaving of the technical textiles known from the prior art is unnecessary in the disclosed apparatus. At least two fiber bundles are laid individually in different fiber layers and fixed over the bolts of the transport system underneath the same. With the subsequent immersion of the taut, to be refined technical textile in a soaking bath of the coating device, the individual meandering fiber bundles are fixed in their desired position with the subsequent curing inextricably together.

Zum individuellen Legen der einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel weist die Vorrichtung wenigstens einen FaserbĆ¼ndelleger auf. Dieser ist unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet. Der FaserbĆ¼ndelleger legt die einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel Ć¼ber Kopf in deren mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf um die Bolzen herum. Hierzu ist der FaserbĆ¼ndelleger freiprogrammmierbar ausgebildet. Das zu legende technische textil ist somit zwischen der Unterseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements und dem FaserbĆ¼ndelleger angeordnet. Im einfachsten Fall ist der FaserbĆ¼ndelleger als freier Arm ausgebildet, welcher in jede beliebige Richtung und Position verfahren werden kann.For individual laying of the individual fiber bundles, the device has at least one fiber bundle cutter. This is arranged below the fiber guide element. The FaserbĆ¼ndelleger puts the individual fiber bundles over the head in the meandering course around the bolts around. For this purpose, the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is formed free programmable. The technical textile to be laid is thus arranged between the underside of the fiber guiding element and the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger. In the simplest case, the FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is designed as a free arm, which can be moved in any direction and position.

Weiterhin betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein technisches Textil hergestellt in einer oben beschriebenen Vorrichtung unter Transport durch die Vorrichtung mit dem ebenfalls oben beschriebenen Transportsystem, welches wenigstens durch eine erste Faserlage und eine zweite Faserlage ausgebildet ist, wobei die erste Faserlage aus wenigstens einem ersten FaserbĆ¼ndel ausgebildet ist, welches in einem mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf in einer ersten Richtung verlegt ist, und die zweite Faserlage aus wenigstens einem weiteren FaserbĆ¼ndel ausgebildet ist, welches ebenfalls in mƤanderfƶrmigem Verlauf in einer von der ersten Richtung verschiedenen Richtung angeordnet ist, wobei das wenigstens eine, erste FaserbĆ¼ndel der ersten Faserlage zumindest in seitlichen Bereichen gegenĆ¼ber der zweiten Faserlage als seitlich Ć¼berstehende Faserbƶgen ausgebildet ist und das wenigstens eine, weitere FaserbĆ¼ndel der zweiten Faserlage zumindest in seitlichen Bereichen gegenĆ¼ber der ersten Faserlage als seitlich Ć¼berstehende Faserbƶgen ausgebildet ist und wobei das technische Textil wenigstens eine Veredelungsbeschichtung aufweist.Furthermore, the present invention relates to a technical textile produced in a device described above under transport through the device with the transport system also described above, which is formed at least by a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, wherein the first fiber layer is formed from at least one first fiber bundle, which is laid in a meandering course in a first direction, and the second fiber layer is formed from at least one further fiber bundle which is likewise arranged in a meandering course in a direction different from the first direction, the at least one, first fiber bundle of the first fiber layer being formed as laterally protruding fiber arcs, at least in lateral regions relative to the second fiber layer is and that at least one, further fiber bundles of the second fiber layer is formed at least in lateral areas relative to the first fiber layer as laterally projecting fiber sheets and wherein the technical textile at least one finishing coating having.

Das hier beschriebene technische Textil ist umwindegarnfrei und/oder polfadenfrei ausgebildet.The technical textile described here is umwindegarnfrei and / or formed polfadenfrei.

Das Vorsehen des wenigstens einen FaserbĆ¼ndels ist nicht begrenzend zu verstehen. Es ist beispielsweise auch denkbar, mehrere FaserbĆ¼ndel, beispielsweise zwei, drei oder vier FaserbĆ¼ndel in einen mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf vorzulegen. Je mehr derartige FaserbĆ¼ndel vorgesehen sind, desto stabiler wird das technische Textil ausgebildet und desto hƶhere Kraftbeaufschlagungen kƶnnen im beispielsweise einbetonierten Zustand in einem Betonfertigteil, von den technischen Textil aufgenommen werden. Somit kƶnnen vorteilhaft Rissbildungen vermieden werden.The provision of the at least one fiber bundle is not intended to be limiting. For example, it is also conceivable to provide a plurality of fiber bundles, for example two, three or four fiber bundles, in a meandering course. The more such fiber bundles are provided, the more stable the technical textile is formed and the higher Kraftbeaufschlagungen can be included in the example einbetonierten state in a precast concrete part of the technical textile. Thus, advantageous cracking can be avoided.

Im einfachsten Fall bildet ein FaserbĆ¼ndel die erste Faserlage aus. Die Ausbildung der zweiten Faserlage erfolgt ebenfalls vorteilhaft durch wenigstens ein weiteres FaserbĆ¼ndel, welches ebenfalls einen mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf aufweist. Besonders vorteilhaft sind erste und zweite Faserlagen in vorbestimmbaren Winkeln voneinander beabstandet angeordnet, sodass sich im einfachsten Fall eine regelmƤƟige Gitterstruktur mit zahlreichen Durchlassƶffnungen, welche auch als Maschen bezeichnet werden kƶnnen, ergibt. Im einfachsten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel sind erste Faserlage und zweite Faserlage orthogonal zueinander angeordnet. Hierdurch wird eine Gitterstruktur ausgebildet, welche rechteckige und/oder quadratische Durchlassƶffnungen aufweist. Diese Orthogonalanordnung der beiden Lagen ist besonders vorteilhaft, da hierdurch eine gute StabilitƤt und KraftaufnahmefƤhigkeit gewƤhrleistet wird.In the simplest case, a fiber bundle forms the first fiber layer. The formation of the second fiber layer is also advantageously carried out by at least one further fiber bundle, which also has a meandering course. Particularly advantageous first and second fiber layers are arranged at predeterminable angles spaced from each other, so that in the simplest case, a regular lattice structure with numerous passage openings, which can also be referred to as mesh results. In the simplest embodiment, the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer are arranged orthogonal to one another. As a result, a grid structure is formed, which has rectangular and / or square passage openings. This orthogonal arrangement of the two layers is particularly advantageous since this ensures good stability and force-absorbing capability.

Dies ist selbstverstƤndlich nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, sodass es auch denkbar ist, dass die zweite Faserlage in einem vorbestimmbaren Winkel von ungleich 90Ā° angeordnet ist. So kann die zweite Faserlage in einem Winkel von 45Ā° und/oder 60Ā° zu ersten Faserlage versetzt angeordnet sein und gelegt werden. Hierdurch wird die Geometrie der Durchlassƶffnungen variabel angepasst. Die Geometrie der Durchlassƶffnungen ergibt sich aus der Anordnung von erster zweiter Faserlage.This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable that the second fiber layer is arranged at a predeterminable angle of not equal to 90 Ā°. Thus, the second fiber layer can be arranged offset and placed at an angle of 45 Ā° and / or 60 Ā° to the first fiber layer. As a result, the geometry of the passage openings is variably adjusted. The geometry of the passage openings results from the arrangement of the first second fiber layer.

Weiterhin vorteilhaft sind die Durchlassƶffnungen alle gleichgroƟ ausgebildet. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich ein Abstand der FaserbĆ¼ndel der ersten und zweiten Faserlage zueinander im Bereich von 0,5 - 50 cm, vorteilhafter im Bereich von 1 cm - 8 cm erwiesen. Dieser Abstand der FaserbĆ¼ndel zueinander entspricht im Wesentlichen der KanteninnenlƤnge der Durchlassƶffnungen und/oder deren Innendurchmesser. Durch die vorteilhafte GrĆ¶ĆŸe der Durchlassƶffnungen im Bereich von 1 cm - 8 cm kann sichergestellt werden, das flĆ¼ssiges Material, wie beispielsweise Beton oder Asphalt, in AbhƤngigkeit von dessen GrĆ¶ĆŸtkorn leicht und schnell durch die Durchlassƶffnungen des technischen Textils hindurchstrƶmen kann. Somit kann eine schnelle Verarbeitung des flĆ¼ssigen Betons sichergestellt werden, ohne dass unerwĆ¼nschte Siebeffekte auftreten.Further advantageously, the passage openings are all the same size. A distance between the fiber bundles of the first and second fiber layers relative to one another in the range from 0.5 to 50 cm, more advantageously in the range from 1 cm to 8 cm, has proved to be particularly advantageous. This distance between the fiber bundles corresponds essentially to the edge inside length of the passage openings and / or their inner diameter. The advantageous size of the passage openings in the range of 1 cm - 8 cm can ensure that liquid material, such as concrete or asphalt, depending on its largest grain can easily and quickly flow through the passage openings of the technical textile. Thus, a quick processing of the liquid concrete can be ensured without undesirable screen effects occur.

Dies ist selbstverstƤndlich nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, sodass es auch denkbar ist, die Durchlassƶffnungen in ihrer Geometrie und GrĆ¶ĆŸe auch verschieden innerhalb des technischen Textils auszubilden. Eine asymmetrische Durchlassƶffnungsgeometrie und/oder GrĆ¶ĆŸe ist dann vorteilhaft, wenn in bestimmten Abschnitten des technischen Textils eine erhƶhte Biegekraftbeanspruchung aufzunehmen ist. Dies wird vorteilhaft durch kleinere Durchlassƶffnungen realisiert. So ist beispielsweise denkbar, dass in den Randbereichen des technischen Textils die Durchlassƶffnungen kleiner ausgebildet sind als die Durchlassƶffnungen in Richtungen der Faserlagenmitte.This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable to design the passage openings differently in their geometry and size within the technical textile. An asymmetric Durchlassƶffnungsgeometrie and / or size is advantageous if an increased bending force stress is to be included in certain sections of the technical textile. This is advantageously realized by smaller passage openings. For example, it is conceivable that in the edge regions of the technical textile, the passage openings are smaller than the passage openings in directions of the center of the fiber layer.

Das hier beschriebene technische Textil ist weiterhin aus Fasern, vorteilhaft aus Hochleistungsfasern mit hohem E-Modul im Bereich von 50 - 320 GPa, vorteilhafter im Bereich von 220 - 260 GPa, noch vorteilhafter von 100 oder 240 GPa, ausgebildet. Die Fasern kƶnnen es als Mineralfasern, wie beispielsweise Glasfasern oder Wollastonitfasern, ausgebildet sein. Ferner ist auch denkbar, die Fasern als Carbonfasern, Polymerfasern, Polyolefinfasern, wie Polypropylen und/oder Polyethylen, Aramidfasern, Basaltfasern, (nicht) oxidische Keramikfasern, wie beispielsweise bestehend aus Aluminiumoxid oder Siliziumcarbid oder auch Naturfasern auszubilden.The technical textile described here is furthermore made of fibers, advantageously of high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity in the range of 50-320 GPa, more advantageously in the range of 220-260 GPa, more preferably of 100 or 240 GPa. The fibers may be formed as mineral fibers such as glass fibers or wollastonite fibers. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to form the fibers as carbon fibers, polymer fibers, polyolefin fibers, such as polypropylene and / or polyethylene, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, (non) oxidic ceramic fibers, such as consisting of aluminum oxide or silicon carbide or natural fibers.

SelbstverstƤndlich ist dies nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, sodass es auch denkbar ist, die jeweiligen FaserbĆ¼ndel mit mehreren derartiger Hochleistungsfasern mit hohem E-Modul auszubilden, beispielsweise mit einer Mischung aus Aramidfasern-Carbonfasern oder einer Mischung aus alkaliresistenten Glasfasern mit Carbonfasern, wobei vorteilhaft der Carbonfaseranteil im Bereich von 5 Gewichtsprozent bis 45 Gewichtsprozent bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des FaserbĆ¼ndels ausgewƤhlt ist. Im einfachsten Fall sind die unterschiedlichen Faserarten eines jeweiligen FaserbĆ¼ndels statistisch in dem FaserbĆ¼ndel verteilt. Es hat sich allerdings auch fĆ¼r eine erhƶhte StabilitƤt und verbesserte Zugfestigkeit gezeigt, dass eine kontrollierte Anordnung einer Kern-Schale-Struktur vorteilhaft ist. In diesem Fall sind die Carbonfasern als Kern ausgebildet, welcher von der zweiten Faserart, beispielsweise alkaliresistenten Glasfasern, als Mantel umschlossen wird. Daher ist das hier beschriebene textile Betonbewehrungsgitterelement auch als Hochleistungsbetonbewehrungsgitterelement zu verstehen.Of course, this is not limiting, so that it is also conceivable to form the respective fiber bundles with a plurality of such high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity, for example with a mixture of aramid fiber carbon fibers or a mixture of alkali-resistant glass fibers with carbon fibers, wherein advantageously the carbon fiber content in Range of 5 weight percent to 45 weight percent based on the total mass of the fiber bundle is selected. In the simplest case, the different fiber types of a respective fiber bundle are randomly distributed in the fiber bundle. However, it has also been shown for increased stability and improved tensile strength that a controlled arrangement of a core-shell structure is advantageous. In this case, the carbon fibers are formed as a core, which is enclosed by the second type of fiber, such as alkali-resistant glass fibers, as a jacket. Therefore, the textile concrete reinforcement grid element described here is also to be understood as a high-performance concrete reinforcement grid element.

Vorteilhaft sind alle im Rahmen der Erfindung eingesetzte FaserbĆ¼ndel als konfektionierbare EndlosfaserbĆ¼ndel eingesetzt. Diese werden in AbhƤngigkeit von der individuellen Ausgestaltung des technischen Textils nach dem Vorlegen und Fixieren eine jeden Faserlage entsprechend abgeschnitten. Vorteilhaft sind Anfang und Ende einer jeden Faserlage an den jeweiligen Bolzen verklemmt ausgebildet. Ferner ist auch denkbar, Anfang und Ende einer Faserlage durch Verkleben zu fixieren.Advantageously, all fiber bundles used in the context of the invention are used as ready-to-use endless fiber bundles. These are cut off depending on the individual design of the technical textile after presenting and fixing each fiber layer accordingly. Advantageously, the beginning and end of each fiber layer are clamped to the respective bolt. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to fix the beginning and end of a fiber layer by gluing.

Besonders vorteilhaft sind die Faserbƶgen in ihrer KrĆ¼mmung variabel ausgebildet. Durch den gekrĆ¼mmten Verlauf der Faserbƶgen um einen oder mehrere Bolzen wird stets eine Schlaufenƶffnung ausgebildet. Das Vorsehen der Faserbƶgen, welche vorteilhaft seitlich Ć¼ber die jeweils andere Faserlage Ć¼berstehen, dient zudem der verbesserten Kraftaufnahme im einbetonierten Zustand des Betonbewehrungsgitterelements in einem Betonfertigteil sowie verbesserte Biegezugeigenschaften und hƶhere Fadenauszugswerte.Particularly advantageously, the fiber sheets are variably formed in their curvature. Due to the curved course of the fiber sheets around one or more bolts is always a loop opening educated. The provision of the fiber sheets, which advantageously protrude laterally beyond the respective other fiber layer, also serves to improve the force absorption in the concreted state of the concrete reinforcement grid element in a precast concrete element as well as improved bending tensile properties and higher thread extraction values.

Die Schlaufen werden vorteilhaft durch die mƤanderfƶrmig verlaufenden FaserbĆ¼ndel gebildet, welche um einen oder mehrere Bolzen herum gelegt sind. Hierbei hat es sich weiterhin als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Schlaufen in ihrem Durchmesser und/oder Umriss variabel auszubilden. Hierdurch kann das hier beschriebene technische Textil fĆ¼r jeden Anwendungsfall individuell hergestellt werden, sodass beispielsweise in AbhƤngigkeit der Schlaufenanzahl, des Schlaufendurchmessers oder auch der Schlaufendicke das AbfĆ¼hren der Zugkraftbeanspruchung im fertigen Betonteil einstellbar ist. Besonders vorteilhaft haben sich Schlaufeninnendurchmesser im Bereich von 0,5 cm bis 12 cm, vorteilhafter von 2 cm bis 6 cm erwiesen. Mit diesem Schlaufeninnendurchmesser sind besonders gute Haftverbundeigenschaften wie Biegezugeigenschaften im verlegten, einbetonierten Zustand verbunden.The loops are advantageously formed by the meandering fiber bundles, which are placed around one or more bolts around. It has also proven to be advantageous to make the loops variable in their diameter and / or outline. As a result, the technical textile described here can be manufactured individually for each application, so that, for example, depending on the loop number, the loop diameter or the loop thickness, the removal of tensile stress in the finished concrete part is adjustable. Loop inside diameters have proven to be particularly advantageous in the range from 0.5 cm to 12 cm, more advantageously from 2 cm to 6 cm. With this loop inner diameter particularly good bonding properties such as bending properties in the laid, concreted state are connected.

Es ergibt sich folglich ein technisches Textil mit einer Gitterstruktur, welches zusƤtzliche seitliche Schlaufen aufweist. Unter der seitlichen Anordnung der Schlaufen ist im einfachsten Fall zu verstehen, dass die Schlaufen in der gleichen Ebene wie die Faserlagen angeordnet sind. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass die Schlaufen in einem vorbestimmbaren Winkel seitlich versetzt zu wenigstens einer Faserlage ausgebildet sind. So kƶnnen die Schlaufen beispielsweise in einem abgeknickten Winkel von +/-90Ā° in Bezug auf die von der Faserlage aufgespannten Ebene angeordnet sein. Besonders vorteilhaft haben sich Winkel von +/-45Ā° erwiesen, da hierdurch ebenfalls die Zuglastaufnahme im ein betonierten Zustand in einem Betonfertigteil signifikant erhƶhen lƤsst. So ist denkbar, dass eine erste Schlaufe um 45Ā° bezugnehmend auf die Ebene der ersten Faserlage nach oben geklappt ist, wohingegen die beiden hierzu benachbart angeordneten Schlaufen um 45Ā° bezugnehmend auf die Ebene der ersten Faserlage nach unten ausgerichtet sind. Somit weist das technische Textil alternierend ausgerichtete Schlaufen auf. Durch die individuelle Abstimmung ist es ferner mƶglich, die Schlaufen alle innerhalb einer Ebene anzuordnen oder aber auch jede Schlaufe mit einem vorbestimmbaren abgeknickten Winkel bezugnehmend auf die vorbestimmbare Faserlage individuell auszubilden.This results in a technical textile with a grid structure, which has additional lateral loops. In the simplest case, the lateral arrangement of the loops is to be understood as meaning that the loops are arranged in the same plane as the fiber layers. But it is also conceivable that the loops are formed laterally offset to at least one fiber layer at a predeterminable angle. For example, the loops can be bent at an angle of +/- 90 Ā° with respect to that of the Fiber layer spanned plane can be arranged. Angles of +/- 45 Ā° have proven to be particularly advantageous, since this likewise allows the tensile load absorption in a concrete state in a precast concrete element to be significantly increased. Thus, it is conceivable that a first loop is folded upwards by 45 Ā° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer, whereas the two loops arranged adjacent thereto are oriented downward by 45 Ā° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer. Thus, the technical textile has alternately oriented loops. By the individual vote, it is also possible to arrange the loops all within a plane or even individually form each loop with a predeterminable bent angle with reference to the predeterminable fiber layer.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften AusfĆ¼hrungsform sind die Faserbƶgen U-fƶrmig und/oder tropfenfƶrmig ausgebildet. Dies ist von Vorteil, da durch diese besondere geometrische Ausbildung der Faserbƶgen die Haftverbundeigenschaften mit dem Beton sowie die Fadenauszugswerte und Biegezugeigenschaften im in Beton angeordneten Zustand des Betonbewehrungsgitterelement deutlich verbessert werden kƶnnen. Die U-fƶrmige Ausbildung der Faserbƶgen stellt das einfachste AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiel dar. Jede Schlaufe weist hierbei zwei Schenkel auf, mit welchen sie am benachbarten weiteren FaserbĆ¼ndel Kreuzungsbereiche ausbildet. Beide Schenkel werden Ć¼ber eine gekrĆ¼mmt ausgebildete Basis voneinander beabstandet. Besonders vorteilhaft in die beiden Schenkel symmetrisch zueinander ausgebildet. Zur verbesserten Zuglastaufnahme ist das LƤngenverhƤltnis von Schenkel zu Basis im VerhƤltnis von 1,5:1; 2:1; 2,5:1; 3:1; 3,5:1; 4:1; 4,5:1; 5:1; 5,5:1; oder 6:1 ausgewƤhlt. Somit legt das Schenkel-BasisverhƤltnis auch die GrĆ¶ĆŸe der Ɩffnung, vorteilhafter deren Innendurchmesser, fest. Allerdings ist dies nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, da auch Schenkel-zu-Basis-VerhƤltnisse von 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5; 1:3; 1:3,5; 1:4; 1:4,5; 1:5; 1:5,5 oder 1:6 denkbar sind. Alle diese VerhƤltnisse haben gemeinsam, dass sie eine ausreichend groƟe Ɩffnung zwischen Schenkeln, Basis und StehfaserbĆ¼ndel ausbilden, um so die Biegezugeigenschaften des mit dem technischen Textil bewehrten Betonfertigteils deutlich zu verbessern. Besonders vorteilhaft haben sich GrĆ¶ĆŸen fĆ¼r den Innendurchmesser im Bereich von 0,5 bis 12 cm erwiesen. Auch eine tropfenfƶrmige Geometrie der Schlaufen ist vorteilhaft fĆ¼r eine verbesserte Zuglastaufnahme und Rissvermeidung im einbetonierten Zustand, beispielsweise in einem Betonfertigteil. In diesem Fall sind die Befestigungsbereiche des jeweiligen Faserbogens nƤher aneinander angeordnet, als es bei der U-fƶrmigen Ausgestaltung der Schlaufen der Fall ist. Auch die Ausbildung der Schlaufen als Doppelschlaufen, beispielsweise in Form einer stehenden "8" hat sich durch die zusƤtzliche FaserbĆ¼ndelkreuzung als vorteilhaft zur Rissvermeidung und Kraftaufnahme erwiesen. Die Geometrie der Schlaufen wird durch die Anordnung der Bolzen eingestellt. Diese kƶnnen vorteilhaft in ihrer GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder Durchmesser und/oder Umriss und/oder Position verƤndert werden.In a further advantageous embodiment, the fiber sheets are U-shaped and / or drop-shaped. This is advantageous because the adhesive bonding properties with the concrete as well as the thread pull-out values and bending tensile properties in the state of the concrete reinforcing grid element arranged in concrete can be significantly improved by this special geometric design of the fiber sheets. The U-shaped design of the fiber sheets represents the simplest embodiment. In this case, each loop has two legs, with which it forms crossing regions on the adjacent further fiber bundle. Both legs are spaced apart by a curved base formed. Particularly advantageous in the two legs formed symmetrically to each other. For improved tensile load absorption, the aspect ratio of leg to base in the ratio of 1.5: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; or 6: 1 selected. Thus, the thigh base ratio also sets the Size of the opening, more advantageously its inner diameter, fixed. However, this is not limiting, as leg-to-base ratios of 1: 1.5; 1: 2; 1: 2.5; 1: 3; 1: 3.5; 1: 4; 1: 4.5; 1: 5; 1: 5.5 or 1: 6 are conceivable. All these ratios have in common that they form a sufficiently large opening between thighs, base and standing fiber bundles, so as to significantly improve the bending characteristics of reinforced with the technical textile precast concrete. Particularly advantageous sizes have been found for the inner diameter in the range of 0.5 to 12 cm. Also, a teardrop-shaped geometry of the loops is advantageous for improved Zuglastaufnahme and crack prevention in the concreted state, for example in a precast concrete part. In this case, the attachment portions of the respective fiber sheet are arranged closer to each other than is the case in the U-shaped configuration of the loops. The formation of the loops as double loops, for example in the form of a standing "8" has proven by the additional fiber bundle crossing advantageous for crack prevention and power absorption. The geometry of the loops is adjusted by the arrangement of the bolts. These can advantageously be changed in their size and / or diameter and / or outline and / or position.

Ferner ist denkbar, dass alle Faserlagen aus der gleichen Art an Fasern ausgebildet sind. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass jede der Faserlagen aus einer unterschiedlichen Art an Fasern ausgebildet ist. Beispielsweise kann die erste Faserlage aus alkaliresistenten Glasfasern und die zweite Faserlage aus Carbonfasern ausgebildet sein.Furthermore, it is conceivable that all fiber layers are formed from the same type of fibers. But it is also conceivable that each of the fiber layers is formed of a different type of fibers. For example, the first fiber layer can be made of alkali-resistant glass fibers and the second fiber layer can be made of carbon fibers.

Das hier beschriebene und hergestellte technische Textil ist als EinzelstĆ¼ck und vorkonfektioniert ausgebildet. Es braucht keinen separaten Zuschnitt.The technical textile described and manufactured here is designed as a single piece and prefabricated. It does not need a separate cut.

Das weiterhin erfindungsgemƤƟ Verfahren zur Herstellung eines technisches Textils mit einer oben beschriebenen Vorrichtung weist wenigstens die folgenden Schritte auf:

  1. a. Ɯberkopf-Vorlegen von wenigstens einem ersten FaserbĆ¼ndel (2) in mƤanderfƶrmigem Verlauf durch einen FaserbĆ¼ndelleger um vertikal sich an unten erstreckende Bolzen (26) des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements zur Ausbildung einer ersten Faserlage unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements,
  2. b. Ɯberkopf-Vorlegen wenigstens eines zweiten FaserbĆ¼ndels in mƤanderfƶrmigem Verlauf durch einen FaserbĆ¼ndelleger um weitere, sich vertikal nach unten erstreckende Bolzen des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements zur Ausbildung einer zweiten Faserlage unterhalb der FaserfĆ¼hrungskette, wobei die zweite Faserlage in einem vorbestimmbaren Winkel versetzt zur ersten Faserlage eingebracht wird, so dass die erste (zweite) Faserlage als Faserbƶgen (8) teilweise seitlich Ć¼ber die zweite (erste) Faserlage Ć¼bersteht;
  3. c. VerƤndern der GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder des Durchmessers der sich vertikal nach unten erstreckenden Bolzen zum Fixieren der beiden Faserlagen Ć¼ber die Vielzahl an ausgebildeten Faserbƶgen,
  4. d. Transportieren des fixierten technischen Textils unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements zu einer Beschichtungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem TrƤnkungsbad zum Veredeln des technischen Textils,
  5. e. Eintauchen und/oder Durchziehen des technischen Textils in und/oder durch das TrƤnkungsbad zum Veredeln, wobei lediglich die Bolzen derart tief in das TrƤnkungsbad eintauchen, dass das daran angeordnete technische Textil vollstƤndig von dem TrƤnkungsbad umschlossen wird,
  6. f. AbfĆ¼hren des veredelten technischen Textils aus der Beschichtungseinrichtung heraus, und
  7. g. Abziehen des fertigen, vorkonfektionierten technischen Textils von dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement mittels einem einfachen und/oder zweifachen Warenabzugssystem.
The method according to the invention for producing a technical textile with a device described above has at least the following steps:
  1. a. Overhead laying of at least one first fiber bundle (2) in a meandering pattern through a fiber bundle vertically about downwardly extending bolts (26) of the fiber guiding element to form a first fiber layer beneath the fiber guiding element,
  2. b. Overhead presentation of at least one second fiber bundle in a meandering course by a FaserbĆ¼ndelleger to further, vertically downwardly extending bolts of the fiber guide element to form a second fiber layer below the fiber guide chain, wherein the second fiber layer is introduced at a predeterminable angle offset from the first fiber layer, so that the first (second) fiber layer as fiber sheets (8) projects partially laterally beyond the second (first) fiber layer;
  3. c. Changing the size and / or the diameter of the vertically downwardly extending bolts for fixing the two fiber layers over the plurality of formed fiber sheets,
  4. d. Transporting the fixed technical textile below the fiber guiding element to a coating device with at least one impregnating bath for refining the technical textile,
  5. e. Immersing and / or pulling through the technical textile in and / or by the impregnation bath for refining, with only the bolts so deep immersed in the impregnation bath that the technical textile arranged thereon is completely enclosed by the soaking bath,
  6. f. Removing the finished technical textile from the coating device, and
  7. G. Removing the finished, prefabricated technical textile of the fiber guide element by means of a simple and / or double fabric removal system.

Die Neuerung des erfindungsgemƤƟen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass das technische Textil in den ersten beiden Schritten Ć¼berkopf vorgelegt wird. Besonders vorteilhaft kann daher dem ersten Schritt a. ein Vorschritt vorgeschalten werden. In diesem Vorschritt werden die Bolzen in ihrer Position, GrĆ¶ĆŸe und Durchmesser unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet, wie das fertige technische Textil letztendlich ausgebildet werden soll. In diesem Vorschritt werden daher insbesondere Schlaufenanzahl, KrĆ¼mmungsradius der Schlaufen, Schlaufenform, Legeanordnung der einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel zueinander festgelegt. Besonders vorteilhaft erfolgt dies computergesteuert nach einer vorher festgelegten Vorlage des technischen Textils.The innovation of the method according to the invention is that the technical textile is presented overhead in the first two steps. It is therefore particularly advantageous for the first step a. be preceded by a preliminary step. In this preliminary step, the bolts are arranged in their position, size and diameter below the fiber guide element, as the finished technical textile is to be ultimately formed. Therefore, in particular, the number of loops, the radius of curvature of the loops, the loop shape, the laying arrangement of the individual fiber bundles are determined relative to one another in this preliminary step. This is done particularly computer-controlled according to a pre-determined template of the technical textile.

Der FaserbĆ¼ndelleger ist unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements angeordnet und legt die einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel in mƤanderfƶrmigem Verlauf an der Unterseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements vor. Im einfachsten Fall werden die beiden Schritte a. und b. nacheinander ausgefĆ¼hrt. Es ist aber denkbar, dass zwei FaserbĆ¼ndelleger vorgesehen sind, welche eine alternierende Legung der beiden Faserlagen im mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf durchfĆ¼hren.The FaserbĆ¼ndelleger is disposed below the fiber guiding element and presents the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course on the underside of the fiber guiding element. In the simplest case, the two steps a. and b. executed in succession. However, it is conceivable that two FaserbĆ¼ndelleger are provided, which perform an alternating laying of the two fiber layers in a meandering course.

Zur verbesserten Fixierung der beiden Faserlagen bei Beginn und Ende des Vorlegens, werden die einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel einer jeden Faserlage fixiert, beispielweise an den jeweiligen Bolzen verklemmt. Dies kann beispielweise durch Druckkraftbeaufschlagung erfolgen, welche ein am FaserbĆ¼ndelleger angeordneter Mitnehmer auf das jeweilige FaserbĆ¼ndel ausĆ¼bt. Das FaserbĆ¼ndel wird folglich am ersten Bolzen und letzten Bolzen, an welchem es zur Ausbildung der Faserlage entlang gefĆ¼hrt wird, verklemmt. Nach dem Verklemmen kann das FaserbĆ¼ndel abgeschnitten werden. So ergibt sich eine einzelne Faserlage. Diese Verklemmung wird spƤter bei dem Warenabzugssystem durch einfache Kraftbeaufschlagung gelƶst.For improved fixation of the two fiber layers at the beginning and end of the submission, the individual fiber bundles of each fiber layer are fixed, for example, clamped to the respective bolt. This can be done, for example, by pressure force application, which exerts an arranged on FaserbĆ¼ndelleger driver on the respective fiber bundle. The fiber bundle is thus jammed at the first bolt and last bolt, where it is guided along to form the fiber layer. After jamming, the fiber bundle can be cut off. This results in a single fiber layer. This jamming is later solved in the fabric removal system by simple application of force.

Sind die wenigstens zwei Faserlagen vorgelegt, werden die Bolzen in GrĆ¶ĆŸe und/oder Durchmessers und/oder Umriss und/oder Position verƤndert, so dass die Faserlagen Ć¼ber die Vielzahl an ausgebildeten Faserbƶgen gespannt werden. Durch dieses Spannen werden die Faserlagen zugleich gegeneinander gefĆ¼hrt und in dieser Position gehalten.If the at least two fiber layers are presented, the bolts are changed in size and / or diameter and / or outline and / or position, so that the fiber layers are stretched over the multiplicity of formed fiber sheets. By this clamping the fiber layers are simultaneously guided against each other and held in this position.

AnschlieƟende werden die gespannten Faserlagen der Beschichtungseinrichtung zugefĆ¼hrt. Durch die vorteilhafte Ć¼ber Kopf Anordnung ist es erstmals mƶglich, dass zu veredelnde, technische Textil von oben her, vorteilhaft senkrecht von oben, dem TrƤnkungsbad zuzufĆ¼hren. In AbhƤngigkeit des TrƤnkungsgrades wird das zu veredelnde, technische Textil entweder nur eingetaucht oder zusƤtzlich auch in Transportrichtung durch das TrƤnkungsbad gefĆ¼hrt. Wie bereits ausgefĆ¼hrt, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn das Beschichtungsmaterial wƤhrend dem TrƤnken mit Vibrationen beaufschlagt wird. Hierdurch wird die Verweildauer im TrƤnkungsbad reduziert und die TrƤnkungseffektivitƤt erhƶht.Subsequently, the tensioned fiber layers are fed to the coating device. Due to the advantageous over-head arrangement, it is now possible for the technical textile to be finished to be supplied from above, advantageously vertically from above, to the impregnation bath. Depending on the degree of impregnation, the technical textile to be refined is either immersed or additionally guided in the transport direction through the impregnation bath. As already stated, it is advantageous when the coating material is subjected to vibration during soaking. This reduces the residence time in the impregnation bath and increases the impregnation effectiveness.

Im Anschluss wird das veredelte technische Textil aus der Beschichtungseinrichtung abgefĆ¼hrt und Ć¼ber ein Warenabzugssystem entnommen. Vor der tatsƤchlichen Entnahme des veredelten technischen Textils von dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement, werden die Bolzen wieder in die Ausgangsposition und/oder Ausgangsform zurĆ¼ckverfahren. Die Schlaufen werden entspannt und kƶnnen von den Bolzen abgezogen werden. Die Faserlagen selbst verbleiben in der ausgerichteten, durch das Beschichtungsmaterial verklebten Form.Subsequently, the finished technical textile is removed from the coating device and removed via a fabric removal system. Prior to the actual removal of the finished technical textile from the fiber guiding element, the bolts are returned to the starting position and / or initial shape. The loops are relaxed and can be pulled off the bolts. The fiber layers themselves remain in the aligned, bonded by the coating material form.

Weiterhin kann vorteilhaft ein zusƤtzlicher Schritt zwischen den Schritten f. und g. vorgesehen werden, welcher beispielsweise als Trocknungsschritt in einer AushƤrteeinheit durchgefĆ¼hrt wird. Der Trocknungsschritt ist von Vorteil, wenn das noch flĆ¼ssige Beschichtungsmaterial eine zusƤtzliche Temperaturbeaufschlagung benƶtigt, um entsprechend auszuhƤrten. Neben der hier beschriebenen Temperaturbeaufschlagung zur AushƤrtung des Beschichtungsmaterials ist auch der Einsatz von Mikrowellenstrahlung und/oder UV-Strahlung denkbar.Furthermore, an additional step between the steps f. and G. be provided, which is carried out for example as a drying step in a curing unit. The drying step is advantageous if the still liquid coating material requires an additional temperature application in order to cure accordingly. In addition to the temperature exposure described here for curing the coating material, the use of microwave radiation and / or UV radiation is also conceivable.

Die hier beschriebenen Verfahrensschritte sind nicht begrenzend zu verstehen, so dass es auch denkbar ist, weitere FaserbĆ¼ndel in einem mƤanderfƶrmigen Verlauf vorzulegen. Vorteilhaft bildet sich hierdurch eine umlaufend kontinuierliche Schlaufenbildung aus, so dass das technische Textil als Schlaufentextil bezeichnet werden kann.The method steps described here are not intended to be limiting, so that it is also conceivable to submit further fiber bundles in a meandering course. Advantageously, this forms a circumferentially continuous loop formation, so that the technical textile can be referred to as loop textile.

Das hier beschrieben Verfahren ermƶglicht erstmals eine individuelle Herstellung von techischen textilien in Form von Einzelprodukten.The method described here allows for the first time an individual production of technical textiles in the form of individual products.

Vorteile und ZweckmƤƟigkeit sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung zu entnehmen. Gleiche oder gleichartige Bauteile werden mit gleichen Bezugsziffern bezeichnet. Um die erfindungsgemƤƟe Funktionsweise zu veranschaulichen zweigen die Figuren vereinfachte Prinzipdarstellungen, bei denen auf fĆ¼r die Erfindung nicht wesentlichen Bestandteile verzichtet wurde. Dies bedeutet jedoch nicht, dass derartige Bauteile bei einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Lƶsung nicht vorhanden sind. Die gezeigten AusfĆ¼hrungsbeispiele stellen keine EinschrƤnkung der Erfindung dar, sondern dienen lediglich der ErlƤuterung des Prinzips der Erfindung.Advantages and expediency can be found in the following description in conjunction with the drawing. Identical or similar components are designated by the same reference numerals. In order to illustrate the mode of operation according to the invention, the figures branch out simplified schematic representations in which no components that are not essential to the invention have been dispensed with. However, this does not mean that such components are not present in a solution according to the invention. The embodiments shown are not a limitation of the invention, but are merely illustrative of the principle of the invention.

Hierbei zeigen:

Fig. 1a
eine schematische Seitenansicht auf eine AusfĆ¼hrungsform einer Vorrichtung;
Fig. 1b
eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1a;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Seitenansicht und Draufsicht auf eine beispielhafte Bolzengruppe; und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein mit der Vorrichtung hergestelltes technisches Textil;
Hereby show:
Fig. 1a
a schematic side view of an embodiment of a device;
Fig. 1b
a schematic plan view of the device Fig. 1a ;
Fig. 2
a schematic side view and top view of an exemplary bolt group; and
Fig. 3
a schematic plan view of a manufactured with the device technical textile;

Fig. 1a zeigt eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemƤƟen Vorrichtung 1. Diese weist ein erfindungsgemƤƟes Transportsystem 2 auf, welches ein FaserfĆ¼hrungselement 4 aufweist. Das Antriebselement ist hier nicht gesondert gezeigt. An der Unterseite U des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements 4 ist eine Vielzahl an Bolzen 6 angeordnet. Die Bolzen 6 erstrecken sich vertikal nach unten und sind mit einem Ende an der Unterseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements 4 verfahrbar angeordnet. An der ersten Herstellungsstation werden die Bolzen 6 zunƤchst in die gewĆ¼nschten Position, GrĆ¶ĆŸe und Gruppierung verfahren. Diese sind durch die gewĆ¼nschte Endgeometrie des technischen Textils vorgegeben. Im hier gezeigten Beispiel, in Fig. 1b in der Draufsicht, sind die Bolzen 6 in einer einfachen rechteckigen Anordnung positioniert und spannen einen rechteckigen Rahmen R auf. Der unterhalb des FaserfĆ¼hrungselements 4 angeordnete FaserbĆ¼ndelleger 22 legt dann im Anschluss die einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel in mƤanderfƶrmigem Verlauf um die Bolzen 6. In dem hiergezeigten Beispiel sind die Bolzen 6 in FĆ¼nfergruppen angeordnet. Hierbei werden mindestens zwei oder auch mehrere Faserlagen ausgebildet. Die um die Bolzen 6 locker liegenden Faserbƶgen werden verspannt, indem die Bolzen 6 verfahren oder in ihrer Form verƤndert werden. Dann erst erfolgt der Weitertransport, ebenfalls Ć¼ber Kopf, der verspannten Faserlagen zur Beschichtungseinrichtung 8 hin. Die Beschichtungseinrichtung 8 weist ein TrƤnkungsbad 12 auf, welches allerdings in seinem Volumen deutlich reduziert ausgebildet ist. Die gespannten Faserlagen werden von oben in das TrƤnkungsbad 12 hinein getaucht und/oder durch diese hindurch gefĆ¼hrt. Hiermit wird sichergestellt, dass die gespannten Faserlagen vollstƤndig, die Bolzen 6 aber nur teilweise von dem Beschichtungsmaterial des TrƤnkungsbades 12 umschlossen werden. Zur verbesserten DurchtrƤnkung der einzelnen FaserbĆ¼ndel kann das TrƤnkungsbad 12 wenigstens ein Vibrationselement aufweisen (nicht gezeigt). Zudem kƶnnen sich die einzelnen Bolzen 6 wƤhrend der TrƤnkung um die eigene Achse drehen. Auch dies verbessert die DurchtrƤnkung der FaserbĆ¼ndel, da das Beschichtungsmaterial direkt hineingewalkt wird. In weiterer Transportrichtung T ist dann das Warenabzugsystem 16 angeordnet, welches das fertige technische Textil dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement 4 entnimmt. Dies kann unter RĆ¼ckfĆ¼hrung der Bolzen 6 in die ursprĆ¼ngliche Ausgangsposition und/oder Ausgangsform erfolgen, so dass hierdurch die Spannwirkung aufgehoben und die Schlaufen freigegeben werden. Ferner ist denkbar, nach der Abquetschwalze 14 oder anstelle derselbigen eine AushƤrteeinheit 15 vorzusehen, in welcher das Bechichtungsmaterial schnell und effektiv, beispielsweise durch Temperaturbeaufschlagung, ausgehƤrtet werden kann. Fig. 1a shows a schematic side view of a device according to the invention 1. This has an inventive Transport system 2, which has a fiber guide element 4. The drive element is not shown separately here. At the bottom U of the fiber guide element 4, a plurality of bolts 6 is arranged. The bolts 6 extend vertically downwards and are arranged with one end on the underside of the fiber guide element 4 movable. At the first manufacturing station, the bolts 6 are first moved into the desired position, size and grouping. These are specified by the desired final geometry of the technical textile. In the example shown here, in Fig. 1b in plan view, the bolts 6 are positioned in a simple rectangular arrangement and span a rectangular frame R. The arranged below the fiber guide element 4 FaserbĆ¼ndelleger 22 sets then the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course around the bolt 6. In the example shown here, the bolts 6 are arranged in groups of five. In this case, at least two or more fiber layers are formed. The loose around the bolt 6 fiber sheets are braced by the bolt 6 moved or changed their shape. Only then is the onward transport, also overhead, of the strained fiber layers towards the coating device 8. The coating device 8 has a soaking bath 12, which, however, has a significantly reduced volume. The tensioned fiber layers are dipped into the impregnation bath 12 from above and / or passed through it. This ensures that the tensioned fiber layers are completely enclosed, but the bolts 6 are only partially enclosed by the coating material of the impregnation bath 12. For improved impregnation of the individual fiber bundles, the impregnation bath 12 may have at least one vibration element (not shown). In addition, the individual can Turn bolt 6 on its own axis during impregnation. This also improves the impregnation of the fiber bundles, since the coating material is rolled directly into it. In another transport direction T then the fabric removal system 16 is arranged, which takes the finished technical textile fiber guide element 4. This can be done with the return of the bolt 6 in the original starting position and / or output shape, so that this releases the clamping effect and the loops are released. It is also conceivable, after the squeegee roller 14 or instead of the same, to provide a curing unit 15 in which the coating material can be cured quickly and effectively, for example by applying temperature.

Nach dem Abzug des fertigen technischen Textils kann das FaserfĆ¼hrungselement 4 oder auch nur die Bolzen 6 einer Reinigungseinrichtung 20 zugefĆ¼hrt werden, welche ebenfalls online eingeordnet ist. In der Reinigungseinrichtung 20 wird das restliche, sich noch auf den Bolzen befindliche, ausgehƤrtete Beschichtungsmaterial entfernt, beispielweise mittels Ultraschallbad. Die gereinigten Bolzen 6 kƶnnen somit in Richtung R wieder der ersten Station zugefĆ¼hrt werden, wo ein neues technisches Textil vorgelegt wird. Dies ist selbstverstƤndlich begrenzend zu verstehen, so dass auch mehrere technische Textilien in unterschiedlichen Fertigungsstadien zeitgleich durch die Vorrichtung 1 transportiert werden kƶnnen.After deduction of the finished technical textile, the fiber guide element 4 or even the pin 6 of a cleaning device 20 are supplied, which is also arranged online. In the cleaning device 20, the remaining, still on the bolt located, cured coating material is removed, for example by means of ultrasonic bath. The cleaned bolts 6 can thus be returned to the first station in direction R, where a new technical textile is presented. This is understood to be limiting, of course, so that several technical textiles in different stages of production can be transported through the device 1 at the same time.

In Fig. 2 ist eine schematische Draufsicht und Seitenansicht einer Bolzengruppe 18 gezeigt. Diese weist insgesamt fĆ¼nf Bolzen 6 auf, welche in einem Halbkreis angeordnet sind. Entlang der AuƟenseite dieses Halbkreises werden die FaserbĆ¼ndel (nicht gezeigt) verlegt. Die Bolzen 6 sind hier auf einem TrƤgerbalken 28 angeordnet. Der TrƤgerbalken 28 wiederrum ist an der Unterseite des FaserfĆ¼hrungselement (nicht gezeigt) verfahrbar, beispielweise Ć¼ber Querbalken verfahrbar, angeordnet. In der Seitenansicht ist die Form der Bolzen 6 im Detail gezeigt. Die Bolzen 6 weisen eine breite Basis 30 auf, mit welcher sie an dem TrƤgerbalken 28 oder auch direkt an dem FaserfĆ¼hrungselement angeordnet sind. Das zweite, freie Ende 32 der Bolzen 6 ist hierzu verjĆ¼ngt ausgebildet und weist einen geringeren Durchmesser als die Basis 30 auf. Den Abschluss bildet eine Begrenzungsplatte 26. Diese verhindert, dass die um die Bolzen 6 herumgefĆ¼hrten FaserbĆ¼ndel (nicht gezeigt) von den freien Enden 32 abrutschen.In Fig. 2 a schematic plan view and side view of a bolt group 18 is shown. This has a total of five bolts 6, which are arranged in a semicircle. Along the outside of this semicircle, the fiber bundles (not shown) are laid. The bolts 6 are here on one Support beam 28 is arranged. The support beam 28 in turn is on the underside of the fiber guide element (not shown) movable, for example, moved over transom, arranged. In the side view, the shape of the bolt 6 is shown in detail. The bolts 6 have a wide base 30, with which they are arranged on the support beam 28 or directly to the fiber guide element. The second, free end 32 of the bolt 6 is tapered and has a smaller diameter than the base 30. The conclusion forms a limiting plate 26. This prevents the guided around the bolt 6 fiber bundles (not shown) from slipping off of the free ends 32.

In Fig. 3 ist weiterhin eine schematische Ansicht eines technischen Textils 34 gezeigt, welches mit der hier beschriebenen Vorrichtung 1 hergestellt ist. Das technische Textil 34 weist zwei Faserlagen 36, 38 auf, welche jeweils durch wenigstens ein FaserbĆ¼ndel ausgebildet sind. Die FaserbĆ¼ndel sind mƤanderfƶrmig verlegt und bilden seitliche Schlaufen 40 aus. Diese Schlaufen 40 fĆ¼hren zu deutlich verbesserten KraftabfĆ¼hrungseigenschaften des technischen Textils 34 im verlegten Zustand, beispielsweise in einem Betonfertigteil.In Fig. 3 Furthermore, a schematic view of a technical textile 34 is shown, which is manufactured with the device 1 described here. The technical textile 34 has two fiber layers 36, 38, which are each formed by at least one fiber bundle. The fiber bundles are laid meander-shaped and form lateral loops 40. These loops 40 lead to significantly improved power dissipation properties of the technical fabric 34 in the laid state, for example in a precast concrete part.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vorrichtungcontraption
22
Transportsystemtransport system
44
FaserfĆ¼hrungselementFiber guide element
66
Bolzenbolt
88th
Beschichtungseinrichtungcoater
1212
TrƤnkungsbadimbibition bath
1414
Abquetschwalzesqueeze roll
1616
WarenabzugsystemTakedown system
1818
Bolzengruppebolt group
2020
Reinigungseinrichtungcleaning device
2222
FaserbĆ¼ndellegerFiber bundles Leger
2424
weiterer FaserbĆ¼ndellegerfurther FaserbĆ¼ndelleger
2525
weiterer FaserbĆ¼ndellegerfurther FaserbĆ¼ndelleger
2626
Begrenzungsplattelimiting plate
2828
TrƤgerbalkenbeams
3030
Bolzenbasispin base
3232
freies Ende des Bolzenfree end of the bolt
3434
technisches Textiltechnical textile
36, 3836, 38
Faserlagefiber layer
4040
Schlaufeloop
TT
Transportrichtungtransport direction
RR
RĆ¼ckfĆ¼hrrichtungReturn direction
AA
mƤanderfƶrmige Verlegerichtungmeandering laying direction
BB
weitere Verlegerichtungfurther laying direction
UU
Unterseitebottom

Claims (12)

  1. Transport system (2) for transporting at least one technical textile (34) during production thereof, comprising at least:
    a. a fibre guide element (4) for transport of the at least one technical textile (34),
    b. a drive unit for controlling the speed of advance of the fibre guide element (4) in transport direction (T),
    c. a plurality of vertically downwardly extending pins (6) for guiding and/or fixing the technical textile (34) during production thereof, wherein each pin (6) is arranged with a first end (30) at the underside of the fibre guide element (4) and is oriented downwardly by a further, free end (32)
    characterised in that the pins (6) are formed to be variable in diameter and/or outline.
  2. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged at least at and/or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fibre guide element (4).
  3. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged to be at least partly movable by the first end (30) arranged at the fibre guide element (4).
  4. Transport system according to claim 3, characterised in that the transport system (2) comprises support beams (28) for moving the pins (6), which beams are intermediately arranged between the first free pin end (30) and the fibre guide element (4) and which are variable in the position thereof along the fibre guide element (4) by motor drive.
  5. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged as pin groups (18) of at least three pins (6) per group.
  6. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) have at least a narrowing of diameter towards their free, downwardly directed end (32).
  7. Device (1) for producing a technical textile (34) with at least one transport system (2) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
    a. at least one fibre bundle laying means (22) for laying at least one first fibre bundle and second fibre bundle, which respectively form the first fibre layer (36) and the second fibre layer (38), in meandering course around the pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4), wherein the fibre layers (36; 38) have an orientation offset relative to one another,
    b. a coating device (8) with at least one impregnation bath (12) for the finishing of the technical textile (34),
    c. at least one product withdrawal system (16) for withdrawal of the finished technical textile (34) from the fibre guide element (4).
  8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that this additionally has upstream of the product withdrawal system (16) a hardening device (15) for hardening the finished technical textile (34).
  9. Technical textile (34) produced in a device (1) according to at least one of claims 7 to 8, which is formed at least by a first fibre layer (36) and a second fibre layer (38), wherein the first fibre layer (36) is formed from at least one first fibre bundle laid in a meandering course in a first direction (A) and the second fibre layer (38) is formed from at least one further fibre bundle which is similarly arranged in a meandering course in a direction (B) differing from the first direction (A), wherein the at least one first fibre bundle of the first fibre layer (36) is formed at least in lateral regions as fibre curves (40) laterally projecting relative to the second fibre layer (38) and the at least one further fibre bundle of the second fibre layer (38) is formed at least in lateral regions as fibre curves (40) laterally projecting relative to the first fibre layer (36) and wherein the technical textile (40) has at least one finishing coating.
  10. Method of producing a technical textile (34) by a device (1) according to at least one of claims 7 to 8, comprising at least the following steps:
    a. overhead laying of at least one first fibre bundle in meandering course by a fibre bundle laying means (22) around vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) in order to form a first fibre layer (36) below the fibre guide element (4),
    b. overhead laying of at least one second fibre bundle in meandering course by the or a further fibre bundle laying means (22; 24) around further vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) for formation of a second fibre layer (38) below the fibre guide element (4), wherein the second fibre layer (38) is formed to be offset relative to the first fibre layer (36) in a predeterminable angle so that the first fibre layer (36; 36) projects as fibre curves (40) in part laterally beyond the second fibre layer (38; 36) and/or the second fibre layer (36; 38) projects as fibre curves (40) in part laterally beyond the first fibre layer (38; 36);
    c. varying the size and/or diameter of the vertically downwardly extending pins (6) for fixing the two fibre layers (36, 38) by way of the plurality of formed fibre curves (40),
    d. transporting the laid technical textile (34) below the fibre guide element (4) to a coating device (8) with at least one impregnation bath (12) for the finishing of the technical textile (34),
    e. dipping and/or drawing the technical textile (34) in and/or through the impregnation bath (12) for the finishing, wherein the pins (6) dip into the impregnation bath (12) merely to such a depth that the technical textile (34) arranged thereon is completely surrounded by the impregnation bath (12),
    f. conducting the finished technical textile (34) out of the coating device (8)
    g. withdrawing the finished prefabricated technical textile (34) from the fibre guide element (4) by means of a single and/or double product withdrawal system (16).
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the finished technical textile (34) is fed after or in the coating unit (8) to a hardening unit (15) for hardening the coated finish and non-detachably fixing the individual fibre bundles of the technical textiles to one another.
  12. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the or yet a further fibre bundle laying device (22; 2) lays overhead yet a third fibre bundle in meandering course around vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) for formation of a third fibre layer, wherein this third fibre layer is laid in opposite lay to the first fibre layer.
EP17176603.3A 2016-06-17 2017-06-19 Transport system for transporting technical textiles during the production of the same, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for the preparation of technical textiles with such a device Active EP3260591B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102016111177.5A DE102016111177A1 (en) 2016-06-17 2016-06-17 Concrete reinforcement grid element, a method for its production, a knitting machine for its production and its use

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EP17176603.3A Active EP3260591B1 (en) 2016-06-17 2017-06-19 Transport system for transporting technical textiles during the production of the same, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for the preparation of technical textiles with such a device

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KR102003670B1 (en) 2018-08-03 2019-07-25 ķ•œźµ­ź±“ģ„¤źø°ģˆ ģ—°źµ¬ģ› Textile reinforced concrete structure using textile grid fixing apparatus, and construction method for the same
CN112773961A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-11 äøœčŽžē§‘å؁医ē–—å™Øę¢°ęœ‰é™å…¬åø Oxygenator, oxygenator hollow fiber membrane woven assembly and forming method thereof
WO2023229486A1 (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 ŠžŠ±Ń‰ŠµŃŃ‚Š²Š¾ с Š¾Š³Ń€Š°Š½ŠøчŠµŠ½Š½Š¾Š¹ Š¾Ń‚Š²ŠµŃ‚стŠ²ŠµŠ½Š½Š¾ŃŃ‚ŃŒŃŽ "ŠšŠžŠœŠŸŠžŠ—Š˜Š¢ Š“Š Š£ŠŸŠŸ Š§Š•Š›ŠÆŠ‘Š˜ŠŠ”Šš" Production line for manufacturing non-metallic composite reinforcing mesh
DE102023001132A1 (en) 2023-03-16 2024-09-19 Carbon 360 GmbH Concrete reinforcement mesh element and component

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US2907195A (en) * 1955-06-27 1959-10-06 Alfred Hofmann & Co Selvedge straightening means for flat knitting machines
AU461372B2 (en) * 1970-08-12 1975-05-22 Mesh Industries Unified Improvements in or relating to mesh materials andor methods for producing thesame
EP0879910B1 (en) * 1997-05-22 2003-08-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Biased yarn feeding apparatus for three-dimensional weaving machine
EP1112400B1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2002-09-04 SAERTEX Wagener GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a multiaxial structure out of multifilament threads
DE19854153C1 (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-07-13 Mayer Malimo Textilmaschf Assembly to carry parallel bands of wefts to a warp knitter has structured movements of the yarn holders at the racking grids to give a trouble-free increased yarn density at higher yarn speeds
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PL2459393T3 (en) * 2009-07-27 2015-01-30 Bekaert Sa Nv Hybrid steel-textile reinforcement ply for radial tires
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EP3258029A2 (en) 2017-12-20

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