EP3260591B1 - Transport system for transporting technical textiles during the production of the same, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for the preparation of technical textiles with such a device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a transport system for transporting technical textiles during manufacture, plant for the production of technical textiles with such a transport system and method for producing technical textiles with such a device.

Transport systems from the textile industry are known from the prior art, on which the fabrics or textiles are presented. Such known transport systems are often in the form of chains or belts. On these bands or chains, the fibers for the production of the textile web are arranged in their desired weave or knitting, for example, to be fed to a knitting head where the textile web is finished. Subsequent to the knitting head, the finished continuous textile webs are removed from the transport system and assembled accordingly, so tailored. However, such known transport systems prove to be disadvantageous for the production of technical textiles. For technical textiles, it is usually necessary that they are provided with a coating after the knitting or weaving process in order to improve their properties, such as corrosion resistance. The coating is carried out by introducing the knitted or woven technical textile together with the transport system, on which the technical textile is arranged, in a dipping bath with coating material. This is particularly disadvantageous because not only the technical textile, but also the transport system is completely enclosed by the coating material. With the retraction of the transport system from the dip this is coated with coating material itself. This requires a tremendous entrainment of material out of the dipping bath, so that often coating material has to be topped up. This is costly. In addition, the transport system, in particular the guide chain or the guide band, must always be laboriously cleaned in order to remove the most hardened coating again and at least to improve the further functionality of the guide band or the guide chain of the transport system. This is particularly time consuming and costly. Frequently, the cleaning step is omitted and the guides replaced directly. However, this means disadvantageous production stoppage.

US 2 907 195 A discloses a device for smoothing selvedges in knitting machines. For this purpose, after the knitting process, the fabric is picked up by a stapling device equipped with needles and guided over a conveyor belt equipped with needles to a roll, onto which the fabric is finally wound while the fabric separates from the conveyor belt.

Therefore, the present invention has the object to provide a transport system for transporting technical textiles during their production, which allows a more cost-effective production of a customizable technical textile and which the disadvantages of known prior art overcomes. Moreover, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a device for producing a technical textile using a corresponding transport system, and a manufacturing method for producing a technical textile with such a device. Both process and device have the task of reducing production costs and to avoid unwanted carryover of Tauchbadmaterials.

These objects are achieved according to the features of claim 1, of claim 7, and of claim 10.

The transport system according to the invention for transporting at least one technical textile during its production has according to the invention at least one fiber guiding element for transporting the at least one technical textile. Advantageously, this fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide chain and / or fiber guide belt. If the fiber guiding element is designed as a fiber guiding chain, then this advantageously has lateral guide chains which are opposite one another and are spaced apart from one another by a virtual plane. These are arranged in the simplest case parallel to each other. If the fiber guide element is designed as a fiber guide band, this fiber guide band is advantageously flat and may also be segmented in order to facilitate deflection. To be particularly advantageous, it has been found that fiber guide element form as an endless element.

Furthermore, the transport system according to the invention at least a drive unit for controlling the advance speed of the fiber guide element in the transport direction T. As a drive unit, for example, at least one servomotor can be provided.

Another core idea of the present transport system is that the fiber guide element has a plurality of vertically downwardly extending bolts for guiding and / or fixing the technical fabric during its manufacture, each bolt are arranged with a first end on the underside of the fiber guide element and is aligned with another, free end down. The transport system described here thus has a fiber guide element, the bolts are arranged running downwards. In the simplest case, these bolts are aligned vertically downwards, so that the fiber guide element has no corresponding bolts on its surface. If the fiber guide element is designed, for example, as the already described fiber guide belt, then the bolts extend downwards on the underside of the belt. In the known state of the art for conventional textiles, the brackets are often arranged on top of the fiber guide belt, since known manner, the textile is made from above. This is not the case with the present invention. The transport system described here with the fiber guide element and the downwardly oriented bolt is thus designed such that the technical textile to be produced is placed and arranged below the fiber guide element, ie adjacent to the underside thereof and overhead. This is also advantageous, as this significantly simplifies the subsequent refining step.
The term "transport direction" is to be understood as meaning the direction in which the technical textile is transported during its production process.

As a "technical textile" is advantageous to understand a textile, which is characterized by special technical properties or has technical features. In the present case, the technical textile described is advantageous as a textile Betonbewehrungsschlaufungsengitterelement and even more advantageously designed as a textile Hochleistungsbetonbewehrungsschlaufengitterelement. For this purpose, it has at least two fiber bundles, which are arranged offset from one another and which span the technical textile.

"Meandering" is advantageously a course of fiber bundles to understand, which has both transversely to or in the transport direction straight sections and adjoining curved sections, the curved sections turn into straight sections and so on. "Fiber bundles" is advantageously to be understood as meaning at least one fiber, advantageously at least two fibers, more preferably a multiplicity of fibers, which are arranged parallel to one another and advantageously lying against one another as a bundle. For example, it is conceivable that a fiber bundle has a number of fibers in the range of 1 to 350,000. The stronger the fiber bundle is formed, the better is its power absorption in the laid state in the technical textile, for example in a precast concrete part. Such fiber bundles are also referred to as rovings.

Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts are arranged at least at and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element. The downwardly oriented bolts serve to be partially wound during the manufacturing process of the technical textile of at least one fiber bundle, so that a meandering course of the fiber bundle is caused. Consequently, it is advantageous if the bolts are initially arranged on and / or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fiber guide element, so that the largest possible surface and the longest possible course of the meandering formation of the at least one fiber bundle of the technical textile can be ensured.

Of course, this is not meant to be limiting. Furthermore, the bolts may additionally be arranged transversely to the transport direction. In this case, the bolts span a frame which extends in and across the transport direction of the technical fabric during its manufacture. The bolts are therefore formed in this embodiment as a frame, more advantageously as a clamping frame or clamping frame. Depending on the arrangement of the bolt, the resulting frame is designed to be variable in size and / or position. Due to the meandering laying of the fiber bundles around the bolts, it is thus possible for the first time to produce an individual technical textile. The technical textile of the invention described here is prefabricated. It is already in the desired final geometry presented below the fiber guide element, for example with at least one Faserbündelleger. A post-fabrication known from the prior art is completely eliminated. As a result, manufacturing costs can be saved.

In order to further increase the individual level of the technical textile to be laid below the fiber guiding element, in a further embodiment, the bolts are arranged to be movable at least partially with the first end disposed on the fiber guiding element. In the simplest case, the transport system has carrier beams for this purpose, which are arranged between the bolt end and the fiber guide element. The bolts are thus arranged on the carrier bars on the fiber guide element. Particularly advantageously, the support beams, for example made of plastic, along the fiber guide element can be changed in position by a motor. The support beams can be moved for this purpose with different mechanisms below the fiber guide element, for example via gears, tongue and groove mechanisms or the like. Alternatively, a pure motor control of each support beam is conceivable, in which case each support beam has its own drive unit, for example a servomotor. The guide of the support beams in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may further be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically. As a result, the greatest possible flexibility is achieved, as the bolts can be arranged.

In a further embodiment, it has been found to be particularly advantageous if each bolt itself has its own drive unit having. This can then be dispensed with the support beams, since the bolts are individually controlled and moved. The leadership of the bolt in and / or across and / or in any direction below the fiber guide element may be formed by means of guide grooves or magnetically. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to control a plurality of bolts via only one drive unit and to change their position individually and / or together.

According to the invention, the bolts are designed to be variable in diameter and / or outline. Under outline is to be understood in the context of the invention, the outer shape of the bolt. Thus, it is conceivable that with a change in diameter or alternatively to this also a contour change is performed. This can be done for example by an extension or shortening of the respective bolt. The bolts are arranged in the simplest case in rows one behind the other in the transport direction and transversely to this. They thus form a rectangular frame around which the fiber bundles are laid to form the technical textile. In the simplest case, a first fiber bundle is laid transversely to the transport direction in a meandering course around the bolts. Thus, a first fiber layer stretches. The second fiber bundle is offset by 90 ° to this placed around the other bolts. This results in a lattice structure, which has lateral, around the bolts around laid fiber bows, also called loops. The bolts serve to form the loops. Now, if both fiber layers are placed in the desired size and the ends and starts sufficiently fixed, so the bolts can be in size and / or changed, advantageously increased. If, for example, the bolt diameter is increased, the still loosely laid loops around the bolts. This results in a fixation of the two fiber layers in the desired position at the same time. Thus, individual consideration can be given to the respective fields of application of the technical textile and the fiber sheets can always be formed individually by changing the pin. If bolts are not required for the production of a technical textile, the bolts can be moved out of the laying area. Alternatively, the bolts can also be sunk in the direction of the fiber guide element and reduced in size.

The bolts are advantageously made of metal and / or plastic. Metal has the advantage that the bolts have a long service life and only slight signs of wear. The formation of the pin made of plastic, advantageously of at least one elastomer, is particularly suitable if the bolts can be changed in size by air supply and / or air removal, so pneumatic. Due to the elastic and flexible design of the bolt whose size and / or outline can be changed by air supply and / or air removal. In this case, however, it must be ensured that the bolts always have a certain inherent rigidity so that the fiber bundle does not change the size and / or the outline of the bolts during the meandering laying around the bolts. Such a change is made possible only by air supply and / or air removal. This simply means that the bolts are inflated with air and the air is again discharged from the bolt. Thus, the loop geometry can be changed in a simple and cost-effective manner or the loops can be sufficiently fixed without causing distortions in the technical Textile is coming. In the simplest case, each bolt can be individually changed in size and / or outline.

Particularly advantageously, the bolts in their initial shape, ie the unchanged size and / or the unchanged outline, an outer diameter in the range of 0.5 - 12 cm. Particularly advantageously, the outer diameter of the bolt is designed to be at least twice to ten times larger. In the simplest case, the outline of the bolt is round. This allows, for example, a U-shaped and / or teardrop-shaped formation of the fiber sheets, which can be advantageously referred to as loops. This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that the bolts can also have a somewhat different outline, for example angular, ellipsoidal or polygonal. It should be noted that in one of approximately different training, the edges of the bolts are advantageously always rounded to protect the fiber bundles from damage or kinking. Furthermore, the bolts may be formed of polytetrafluoroethylene or at least partially coated therewith. Due to the concomitant reduction in the adhesion of the coating material in the later coating step, this, after which the fiber guide element is led out of the dipping bath again, can easily drip off.

Furthermore, in addition to the pneumatic change of the bolt shape, a mechanical, electronic and / or hydraulic change of the diameter and / or the contour of each bolt can be realized. Thus, it is conceivable that each bolt is widened with, for example, an initially round cross-section in which it is, for example, in half divides and the two semicircular sub-bolts are moved away from each other. In the simplest case, this movement can be made possible mechanically, for example by means of spring elements or toothed wheels, which can move the two semicircular part bolts both away from one another and later on one another. In addition, it is conceivable to control these mechanical elements electronically. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to implement the contour change and / or size change of the bolts hydraulically. For this purpose, advantageously suitable pistons are provided within the bolt. The bolts described here as part of the transport system are designed as clamping units. These clamping units are advantageous because in this way the meandering around the bolt technical textile additionally stretched during its installation or the subsequent transport to the coating device out or away from this stable and held by the bolt accordingly. Advantageously, the clamping effect results from the fact that after the meandering laying of the two fiber bundles around the bolts, for clamping the technical textile, the bolts are expanded in size and / or in its outline and thus formed a clamping effect and / or clamping action on the fiber sheets becomes.

Furthermore, a further clamping action of the bolts can be formed. By laying the individual fiber layers, the fiber bundles used are also to be fixed at the beginning and end of the fiber layer. Thus, a stable Schlaufenlegung and prefastening done. In the simplest case, the bolts for this purpose have at least one clamping element, for example in the form of at least one clamping jaw and / or a clamping groove or the like.

Due to the advantageous clamping effect and / or clamping action of the bolt can be completely dispensed with pile threads, binding or Umwindegarne for fixing the individual fiber layers together for the first time. The individual fiber layers which span the technical textile are held reliably and securely by the expanded bolts during the entire, further manufacturing process. Thus, further work steps, such as the winding or punctiform bonding of the fiber layers together, can be eliminated and the costs significantly reduced. Alternatively, the clamping or clamping action of the bolt can also be achieved in that the bolts remain the same in shape, but are moved in their position. Also by this targeted change in position, the initially loosely arranged around the bolt loops can be stretched and fixed the entire fiber layer. In addition, conceivable to form the bolt rotatable about its own axis. This has further advantages in the later coating step.

In a further advantageous embodiment, it has proved to be advantageous to arrange the bolts as bolt groups of at least 3 bolts per group. Even more advantageous have been groups of 5 or 7 bolts per group. The more bolts are provided, the finer and more controlled the formation of the fiber sheets and their curvature can take place. Thus, in addition to fiber sheets described in detail here, other loop geometries can be produced for the first time, without great production effort. Conceivable, for example, loops in wavy lines, or double or multiple loops. The transport system described here with the advantageously designed fiber guide element offers for the first time the possibility of technical textiles with outboard Produce fiber sheets / loops, these fiber sheets are designed free and customizable for the first time in their geometry. The geometry of the fiber sheets is due to the arrangement of the bolts, which can be moved particularly advantageous electronically to set the desired loop geometry. Consequently, the technical textile is prefabricated and is already produced in its desired Endgeomtrie. Depending on requirements, the bolts can be moved individually and / or as a group in their position.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the bolts on their free, downwardly directed end to a taper. In the simplest case, the bolts are conically tapered downwards so that the diameter decreases (initially) towards the free end of the respective bolt. This is advantageous because this reduction in diameter also reduces the contact surface of the loops on the respective bolts. The more bolts are provided for the formation of a loop, the lower the individual contact surface of the respective loop on the respective bolt itself. This is particularly advantageous for the subsequent coating.

Depending on the design, the free end of each bolt may be provided with a cover plate or a boundary plate, which prevents the technical textile from slipping off the bolt. In an alternative embodiment, it is also conceivable that each bolt has at least one guide groove, within which the fiber sheets can be submitted. Particularly advantageously, this guide groove has significantly flattened sides, so that the friction points and possibly Injury points of the individual fiber bundles of the technical textile are reduced. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the bolt is in hourglass shape. Particularly advantageous in this hourglass shape, the fiber sheets are guided along the tapered waist and held by the up and down increasing diameter of the bolt also correspondingly safe in this.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a device for producing a technical textile with a transport system described in detail above. In addition to the transport system, the device furthermore has at least one fiber bundle former for presenting at least one first and second fiber bundle in a meandering pattern around the bolts of the fiber guiding element. In this case, the first fiber bundle forms a first fiber bundle and the second fiber bundle forms a second fiber layer, wherein the fiber layers have a mutually offset alignment. Both layers together span the technical textile.

Particularly advantageous first and second fiber layer are arranged in a mutually offset alignment. In the simplest case, this can be orthogonal, so that first and second fiber layers form a lattice structure.

Furthermore, the device has at least one coating device for refining the laid technical textile. Under "finishing" is advantageous to understand the coating of the technical textile with at least one coating material. Coating may in this case relate only to the surface arrangement of the coating material and / or also to the at least partial, advantageous complete impregnation of the fiber bundle with the coating material. For this purpose, the coating device has at least one impregnation bath in which coating material is arranged.

The coating material used in the coating unit is advantageously at least one plastic solution and / or at least one plastic dispersion and / or at least one inorganic coating, for example containing a silane or silicate solution. Thermosetting, aqueous polymer dispersions such as, for example, SBR, styrene-butadiene and / or acrylate coatings are particularly advantageously used for the coating. In addition, solvent-containing or solvent-free polymer dispersions can also be used. Advantageously, the coatings with a layer thickness in the range of 10 nm - 1000 microns, more preferably applied by 50 nm - 500 microns.

In the simplest case, the coating material is initially charged in the liquid state. Furthermore, however, it is also conceivable to provide the coating material in a powdery state in an immersion bath. The technical textile to be refined is immersed either in the liquid or powder coating material from above. If the pulverulent coating material is used, then the fiber bundles can be pretreated or the already laid technical textile can be pretreated before the coating step, for example sprayed with an adhesion-promoting polymer solution or a silicate solution.

Particularly advantageously, the coating device is designed as a two- or multi-roll foulard with impregnation bath, which contains the coating material. The fiber guiding element with the underlying technical textile to be refined is supplied to the coating device from above, particularly advantageously immersed vertically from above. The overhead laying of the fiber bundles and the resulting overhead arrangement of the technical textile to be finished makes it possible for the first time that only the technical textile to be finished is completely immersed and the bolts of the fiber guiding element only partially immersed in the coating material. The actual fiber guide element remains at the top, outside the impregnation bath and is not polluted. The bolts with the technical textile arranged on them dip only from above into the impregnation bath. They are not, as hitherto known from the prior art, completely pulled along with fiber guide element through the impregnation bath.

Depending on the transport speed, ie the forward speed of the fiber guide element, the degree of soaking of the technical textile can be adjusted accordingly. The exterior coating of the technical textile and its simultaneous impregnation with the coating material serve to stabilize it. By immersing and / or pulling the technical textile from the top into the impregnation bath, it is purposefully coated and / or impregnated. At the same time, only a very small proportion of coating material is transferred to the bolts. The coating material carryover known from the prior art is significantly reduced. If the bolts, as already mentioned above, have a Teflon coating, then the coating material can drip off the bolts particularly easily, and costly cleaning steps likewise fall away. Are the Bolts designed in several parts, the size and / or contour change, it is also always ensured that an adequate seal is provided and coating material can not penetrate into the bolt interior. Furthermore, several impregnation baths with different coating materials can also be arranged in the coating device.

Moreover, it has proven to be advantageous to form the impregnating bath with the coating material arranged therein with at least one vibrating element, for example a vibrating plate. If the coating material is subjected to vibrations during impregnation of the technical textile, its penetration into the fiber bundles of the technical textile can be optimized and the impregnation thus improved. By the vibration of the coating material penetrates this better and deeper into the individual fiber bundles. Their stability is thus increased.

Advantageously, the individual bolts rotate at least partially during the coating step. This is advantageous since, as a result, sufficient coating material can be introduced into the loops in the contact surfaces between loops and bolts. This further increases the corrosion resistance of the technical textile, since its surface is advantageously completely coated and impregnated.

It is also conceivable that instead of the impregnation bath described here, the coating device may be a vapor deposition unit or a spray unit or doctor unit for application having at least one plastic coating and / or a silane-containing size.

Furthermore, the coating device can comprise squeeze rolls for controlled squeezing of the coating material from the technical textile coated therewith. However, the squeeze rolls can also be arranged downstream of the coating device.

Furthermore, the device described here has at least one fabric removal system for the withdrawal of the finished, technical textile from the fiber guide element.

In addition, it is conceivable to arrange a sanding system for applying sand to the at least partially liquid coating material after the impregnation bath. The sand combines with the still liquid coating material and forms an increase in surface area, ie a surface roughening. As a result, the bond to the concrete can be significantly improved.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a curing unit for curing the applied coating material. The curing unit is arranged downstream of the impregnation bath. The transport system also passes through this curing unit with the finished technical textile. Advantageously, the curing unit is designed as a drying system to dry the applied coating and impregnation and cure accordingly. The drying system can for this purpose advantageously a heating element for temperature exposure of the technical textile and / or a microwave source and / or a UV source exhibit. Especially with plastic coating materials, radiation sources such as microwave or UV prove to be advantageous initiators for initiating the necessary crosslinking and curing of the plastics.

The device described here is characterized in particular by the fact that it is designed to be effective-free. The elaborate knitting or weaving of the technical textiles known from the prior art is unnecessary in the disclosed apparatus. At least two fiber bundles are laid individually in different fiber layers and fixed over the bolts of the transport system underneath the same. With the subsequent immersion of the taut, to be refined technical textile in a soaking bath of the coating device, the individual meandering fiber bundles are fixed in their desired position with the subsequent curing inextricably together.

For individual laying of the individual fiber bundles, the device has at least one fiber bundle cutter. This is arranged below the fiber guide element. The Faserbündelleger puts the individual fiber bundles over the head in the meandering course around the bolts around. For this purpose, the Faserbündelleger is formed free programmable. The technical textile to be laid is thus arranged between the underside of the fiber guiding element and the Faserbündelleger. In the simplest case, the Faserbündelleger is designed as a free arm, which can be moved in any direction and position.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a technical textile produced in a device described above under transport through the device with the transport system also described above, which is formed at least by a first fiber layer and a second fiber layer, wherein the first fiber layer is formed from at least one first fiber bundle, which is laid in a meandering course in a first direction, and the second fiber layer is formed from at least one further fiber bundle which is likewise arranged in a meandering course in a direction different from the first direction, the at least one, first fiber bundle of the first fiber layer being formed as laterally protruding fiber arcs, at least in lateral regions relative to the second fiber layer is and that at least one, further fiber bundles of the second fiber layer is formed at least in lateral areas relative to the first fiber layer as laterally projecting fiber sheets and wherein the technical textile at least one finishing coating having.

The technical textile described here is umwindegarnfrei and / or formed polfadenfrei.

The provision of the at least one fiber bundle is not intended to be limiting. For example, it is also conceivable to provide a plurality of fiber bundles, for example two, three or four fiber bundles, in a meandering course. The more such fiber bundles are provided, the more stable the technical textile is formed and the higher Kraftbeaufschlagungen can be included in the example einbetonierten state in a precast concrete part of the technical textile. Thus, advantageous cracking can be avoided.

In the simplest case, a fiber bundle forms the first fiber layer. The formation of the second fiber layer is also advantageously carried out by at least one further fiber bundle, which also has a meandering course. Particularly advantageous first and second fiber layers are arranged at predeterminable angles spaced from each other, so that in the simplest case, a regular lattice structure with numerous passage openings, which can also be referred to as mesh results. In the simplest embodiment, the first fiber layer and the second fiber layer are arranged orthogonal to one another. As a result, a grid structure is formed, which has rectangular and / or square passage openings. This orthogonal arrangement of the two layers is particularly advantageous since this ensures good stability and force-absorbing capability.

This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable that the second fiber layer is arranged at a predeterminable angle of not equal to 90 °. Thus, the second fiber layer can be arranged offset and placed at an angle of 45 ° and / or 60 ° to the first fiber layer. As a result, the geometry of the passage openings is variably adjusted. The geometry of the passage openings results from the arrangement of the first second fiber layer.

Further advantageously, the passage openings are all the same size. A distance between the fiber bundles of the first and second fiber layers relative to one another in the range from 0.5 to 50 cm, more advantageously in the range from 1 cm to 8 cm, has proved to be particularly advantageous. This distance between the fiber bundles corresponds essentially to the edge inside length of the passage openings and / or their inner diameter. The advantageous size of the passage openings in the range of 1 cm - 8 cm can ensure that liquid material, such as concrete or asphalt, depending on its largest grain can easily and quickly flow through the passage openings of the technical textile. Thus, a quick processing of the liquid concrete can be ensured without undesirable screen effects occur.

This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that it is also conceivable to design the passage openings differently in their geometry and size within the technical textile. An asymmetric Durchlassöffnungsgeometrie and / or size is advantageous if an increased bending force stress is to be included in certain sections of the technical textile. This is advantageously realized by smaller passage openings. For example, it is conceivable that in the edge regions of the technical textile, the passage openings are smaller than the passage openings in directions of the center of the fiber layer.

The technical textile described here is furthermore made of fibers, advantageously of high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity in the range of 50-320 GPa, more advantageously in the range of 220-260 GPa, more preferably of 100 or 240 GPa. The fibers may be formed as mineral fibers such as glass fibers or wollastonite fibers. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to form the fibers as carbon fibers, polymer fibers, polyolefin fibers, such as polypropylene and / or polyethylene, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, (non) oxidic ceramic fibers, such as consisting of aluminum oxide or silicon carbide or natural fibers.

Of course, this is not limiting, so that it is also conceivable to form the respective fiber bundles with a plurality of such high-performance fibers with a high modulus of elasticity, for example with a mixture of aramid fiber carbon fibers or a mixture of alkali-resistant glass fibers with carbon fibers, wherein advantageously the carbon fiber content in Range of 5 weight percent to 45 weight percent based on the total mass of the fiber bundle is selected. In the simplest case, the different fiber types of a respective fiber bundle are randomly distributed in the fiber bundle. However, it has also been shown for increased stability and improved tensile strength that a controlled arrangement of a core-shell structure is advantageous. In this case, the carbon fibers are formed as a core, which is enclosed by the second type of fiber, such as alkali-resistant glass fibers, as a jacket. Therefore, the textile concrete reinforcement grid element described here is also to be understood as a high-performance concrete reinforcement grid element.

Advantageously, all fiber bundles used in the context of the invention are used as ready-to-use endless fiber bundles. These are cut off depending on the individual design of the technical textile after presenting and fixing each fiber layer accordingly. Advantageously, the beginning and end of each fiber layer are clamped to the respective bolt. Furthermore, it is also conceivable to fix the beginning and end of a fiber layer by gluing.

Particularly advantageously, the fiber sheets are variably formed in their curvature. Due to the curved course of the fiber sheets around one or more bolts is always a loop opening educated. The provision of the fiber sheets, which advantageously protrude laterally beyond the respective other fiber layer, also serves to improve the force absorption in the concreted state of the concrete reinforcement grid element in a precast concrete element as well as improved bending tensile properties and higher thread extraction values.

The loops are advantageously formed by the meandering fiber bundles, which are placed around one or more bolts around. It has also proven to be advantageous to make the loops variable in their diameter and / or outline. As a result, the technical textile described here can be manufactured individually for each application, so that, for example, depending on the loop number, the loop diameter or the loop thickness, the removal of tensile stress in the finished concrete part is adjustable. Loop inside diameters have proven to be particularly advantageous in the range from 0.5 cm to 12 cm, more advantageously from 2 cm to 6 cm. With this loop inner diameter particularly good bonding properties such as bending properties in the laid, concreted state are connected.

This results in a technical textile with a grid structure, which has additional lateral loops. In the simplest case, the lateral arrangement of the loops is to be understood as meaning that the loops are arranged in the same plane as the fiber layers. But it is also conceivable that the loops are formed laterally offset to at least one fiber layer at a predeterminable angle. For example, the loops can be bent at an angle of +/- 90 ° with respect to that of the Fiber layer spanned plane can be arranged. Angles of +/- 45 ° have proven to be particularly advantageous, since this likewise allows the tensile load absorption in a concrete state in a precast concrete element to be significantly increased. Thus, it is conceivable that a first loop is folded upwards by 45 ° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer, whereas the two loops arranged adjacent thereto are oriented downward by 45 ° with respect to the plane of the first fiber layer. Thus, the technical textile has alternately oriented loops. By the individual vote, it is also possible to arrange the loops all within a plane or even individually form each loop with a predeterminable bent angle with reference to the predeterminable fiber layer.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fiber sheets are U-shaped and / or drop-shaped. This is advantageous because the adhesive bonding properties with the concrete as well as the thread pull-out values and bending tensile properties in the state of the concrete reinforcing grid element arranged in concrete can be significantly improved by this special geometric design of the fiber sheets. The U-shaped design of the fiber sheets represents the simplest embodiment. In this case, each loop has two legs, with which it forms crossing regions on the adjacent further fiber bundle. Both legs are spaced apart by a curved base formed. Particularly advantageous in the two legs formed symmetrically to each other. For improved tensile load absorption, the aspect ratio of leg to base in the ratio of 1.5: 1; 2: 1; 2.5: 1; 3: 1; 3.5: 1; 4: 1; 4.5: 1; 5: 1; 5.5: 1; or 6: 1 selected. Thus, the thigh base ratio also sets the Size of the opening, more advantageously its inner diameter, fixed. However, this is not limiting, as leg-to-base ratios of 1: 1.5; 1: 2; 1: 2.5; 1: 3; 1: 3.5; 1: 4; 1: 4.5; 1: 5; 1: 5.5 or 1: 6 are conceivable. All these ratios have in common that they form a sufficiently large opening between thighs, base and standing fiber bundles, so as to significantly improve the bending characteristics of reinforced with the technical textile precast concrete. Particularly advantageous sizes have been found for the inner diameter in the range of 0.5 to 12 cm. Also, a teardrop-shaped geometry of the loops is advantageous for improved Zuglastaufnahme and crack prevention in the concreted state, for example in a precast concrete part. In this case, the attachment portions of the respective fiber sheet are arranged closer to each other than is the case in the U-shaped configuration of the loops. The formation of the loops as double loops, for example in the form of a standing "8" has proven by the additional fiber bundle crossing advantageous for crack prevention and power absorption. The geometry of the loops is adjusted by the arrangement of the bolts. These can advantageously be changed in their size and / or diameter and / or outline and / or position.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that all fiber layers are formed from the same type of fibers. But it is also conceivable that each of the fiber layers is formed of a different type of fibers. For example, the first fiber layer can be made of alkali-resistant glass fibers and the second fiber layer can be made of carbon fibers.

The technical textile described and manufactured here is designed as a single piece and prefabricated. It does not need a separate cut.

1. a. Überkopf-Vorlegen von wenigstens einem ersten Faserbündel (2) in mäanderförmigem Verlauf durch einen Faserbündelleger um vertikal sich an unten erstreckende Bolzen (26) des Faserführungselements zur Ausbildung einer ersten Faserlage unterhalb des Faserführungselements,
2. b. Überkopf-Vorlegen wenigstens eines zweiten Faserbündels in mäanderförmigem Verlauf durch einen Faserbündelleger um weitere, sich vertikal nach unten erstreckende Bolzen des Faserführungselements zur Ausbildung einer zweiten Faserlage unterhalb der Faserführungskette, wobei die zweite Faserlage in einem vorbestimmbaren Winkel versetzt zur ersten Faserlage eingebracht wird, so dass die erste (zweite) Faserlage als Faserbögen (8) teilweise seitlich über die zweite (erste) Faserlage übersteht;
3. c. Verändern der Größe und/oder des Durchmessers der sich vertikal nach unten erstreckenden Bolzen zum Fixieren der beiden Faserlagen über die Vielzahl an ausgebildeten Faserbögen,
4. d. Transportieren des fixierten technischen Textils unterhalb des Faserführungselements zu einer Beschichtungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem Tränkungsbad zum Veredeln des technischen Textils,
5. e. Eintauchen und/oder Durchziehen des technischen Textils in und/oder durch das Tränkungsbad zum Veredeln, wobei lediglich die Bolzen derart tief in das Tränkungsbad eintauchen, dass das daran angeordnete technische Textil vollständig von dem Tränkungsbad umschlossen wird,
6. f. Abführen des veredelten technischen Textils aus der Beschichtungseinrichtung heraus, und
7. g. Abziehen des fertigen, vorkonfektionierten technischen Textils von dem Faserführungselement mittels einem einfachen und/oder zweifachen Warenabzugssystem.

The method according to the invention for producing a technical textile with a device described above has at least the following steps:

1. a. Overhead laying of at least one first fiber bundle (2) in a meandering pattern through a fiber bundle vertically about downwardly extending bolts (26) of the fiber guiding element to form a first fiber layer beneath the fiber guiding element,
2. b. Overhead presentation of at least one second fiber bundle in a meandering course by a Faserbündelleger to further, vertically downwardly extending bolts of the fiber guide element to form a second fiber layer below the fiber guide chain, wherein the second fiber layer is introduced at a predeterminable angle offset from the first fiber layer, so that the first (second) fiber layer as fiber sheets (8) projects partially laterally beyond the second (first) fiber layer;
3. c. Changing the size and / or the diameter of the vertically downwardly extending bolts for fixing the two fiber layers over the plurality of formed fiber sheets,
4. d. Transporting the fixed technical textile below the fiber guiding element to a coating device with at least one impregnating bath for refining the technical textile,
5. e. Immersing and / or pulling through the technical textile in and / or by the impregnation bath for refining, with only the bolts so deep immersed in the impregnation bath that the technical textile arranged thereon is completely enclosed by the soaking bath,
6. f. Removing the finished technical textile from the coating device, and
7. G. Removing the finished, prefabricated technical textile of the fiber guide element by means of a simple and / or double fabric removal system.

The innovation of the method according to the invention is that the technical textile is presented overhead in the first two steps. It is therefore particularly advantageous for the first step a. be preceded by a preliminary step. In this preliminary step, the bolts are arranged in their position, size and diameter below the fiber guide element, as the finished technical textile is to be ultimately formed. Therefore, in particular, the number of loops, the radius of curvature of the loops, the loop shape, the laying arrangement of the individual fiber bundles are determined relative to one another in this preliminary step. This is done particularly computer-controlled according to a pre-determined template of the technical textile.

The Faserbündelleger is disposed below the fiber guiding element and presents the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course on the underside of the fiber guiding element. In the simplest case, the two steps a. and b. executed in succession. However, it is conceivable that two Faserbündelleger are provided, which perform an alternating laying of the two fiber layers in a meandering course.

For improved fixation of the two fiber layers at the beginning and end of the submission, the individual fiber bundles of each fiber layer are fixed, for example, clamped to the respective bolt. This can be done, for example, by pressure force application, which exerts an arranged on Faserbündelleger driver on the respective fiber bundle. The fiber bundle is thus jammed at the first bolt and last bolt, where it is guided along to form the fiber layer. After jamming, the fiber bundle can be cut off. This results in a single fiber layer. This jamming is later solved in the fabric removal system by simple application of force.

If the at least two fiber layers are presented, the bolts are changed in size and / or diameter and / or outline and / or position, so that the fiber layers are stretched over the multiplicity of formed fiber sheets. By this clamping the fiber layers are simultaneously guided against each other and held in this position.

Subsequently, the tensioned fiber layers are fed to the coating device. Due to the advantageous over-head arrangement, it is now possible for the technical textile to be finished to be supplied from above, advantageously vertically from above, to the impregnation bath. Depending on the degree of impregnation, the technical textile to be refined is either immersed or additionally guided in the transport direction through the impregnation bath. As already stated, it is advantageous when the coating material is subjected to vibration during soaking. This reduces the residence time in the impregnation bath and increases the impregnation effectiveness.

Subsequently, the finished technical textile is removed from the coating device and removed via a fabric removal system. Prior to the actual removal of the finished technical textile from the fiber guiding element, the bolts are returned to the starting position and / or initial shape. The loops are relaxed and can be pulled off the bolts. The fiber layers themselves remain in the aligned, bonded by the coating material form.

Furthermore, an additional step between the steps f. and G. be provided, which is carried out for example as a drying step in a curing unit. The drying step is advantageous if the still liquid coating material requires an additional temperature application in order to cure accordingly. In addition to the temperature exposure described here for curing the coating material, the use of microwave radiation and / or UV radiation is also conceivable.

The method steps described here are not intended to be limiting, so that it is also conceivable to submit further fiber bundles in a meandering course. Advantageously, this forms a circumferentially continuous loop formation, so that the technical textile can be referred to as loop textile.

The method described here allows for the first time an individual production of technical textiles in the form of individual products.

Advantages and expediency can be found in the following description in conjunction with the drawing. Identical or similar components are designated by the same reference numerals. In order to illustrate the mode of operation according to the invention, the figures branch out simplified schematic representations in which no components that are not essential to the invention have been dispensed with. However, this does not mean that such components are not present in a solution according to the invention. The embodiments shown are not a limitation of the invention, but are merely illustrative of the principle of the invention.

Fig. 1a

eine schematische Seitenansicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung;

Fig. 1b

eine schematische Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1a;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Seitenansicht und Draufsicht auf eine beispielhafte Bolzengruppe; und

Fig. 3

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein mit der Vorrichtung hergestelltes technisches Textil;

Hereby show:

Fig. 1a

a schematic side view of an embodiment of a device;

Fig. 1b

a schematic plan view of the device Fig. 1a ;

Fig. 2

a schematic side view and top view of an exemplary bolt group; and

Fig. 3

a schematic plan view of a manufactured with the device technical textile;

Fig. 1a shows a schematic side view of a device according to the invention 1. This has an inventive Transport system 2, which has a fiber guide element 4. The drive element is not shown separately here. At the bottom U of the fiber guide element 4, a plurality of bolts 6 is arranged. The bolts 6 extend vertically downwards and are arranged with one end on the underside of the fiber guide element 4 movable. At the first manufacturing station, the bolts 6 are first moved into the desired position, size and grouping. These are specified by the desired final geometry of the technical textile. In the example shown here, in Fig. 1b in plan view, the bolts 6 are positioned in a simple rectangular arrangement and span a rectangular frame R. The arranged below the fiber guide element 4 Faserbündelleger 22 sets then the individual fiber bundles in a meandering course around the bolt 6. In the example shown here, the bolts 6 are arranged in groups of five. In this case, at least two or more fiber layers are formed. The loose around the bolt 6 fiber sheets are braced by the bolt 6 moved or changed their shape. Only then is the onward transport, also overhead, of the strained fiber layers towards the coating device 8. The coating device 8 has a soaking bath 12, which, however, has a significantly reduced volume. The tensioned fiber layers are dipped into the impregnation bath 12 from above and / or passed through it. This ensures that the tensioned fiber layers are completely enclosed, but the bolts 6 are only partially enclosed by the coating material of the impregnation bath 12. For improved impregnation of the individual fiber bundles, the impregnation bath 12 may have at least one vibration element (not shown). In addition, the individual can Turn bolt 6 on its own axis during impregnation. This also improves the impregnation of the fiber bundles, since the coating material is rolled directly into it. In another transport direction T then the fabric removal system 16 is arranged, which takes the finished technical textile fiber guide element 4. This can be done with the return of the bolt 6 in the original starting position and / or output shape, so that this releases the clamping effect and the loops are released. It is also conceivable, after the squeegee roller 14 or instead of the same, to provide a curing unit 15 in which the coating material can be cured quickly and effectively, for example by applying temperature.

After deduction of the finished technical textile, the fiber guide element 4 or even the pin 6 of a cleaning device 20 are supplied, which is also arranged online. In the cleaning device 20, the remaining, still on the bolt located, cured coating material is removed, for example by means of ultrasonic bath. The cleaned bolts 6 can thus be returned to the first station in direction R, where a new technical textile is presented. This is understood to be limiting, of course, so that several technical textiles in different stages of production can be transported through the device 1 at the same time.

In Fig. 2 a schematic plan view and side view of a bolt group 18 is shown. This has a total of five bolts 6, which are arranged in a semicircle. Along the outside of this semicircle, the fiber bundles (not shown) are laid. The bolts 6 are here on one Support beam 28 is arranged. The support beam 28 in turn is on the underside of the fiber guide element (not shown) movable, for example, moved over transom, arranged. In the side view, the shape of the bolt 6 is shown in detail. The bolts 6 have a wide base 30, with which they are arranged on the support beam 28 or directly to the fiber guide element. The second, free end 32 of the bolt 6 is tapered and has a smaller diameter than the base 30. The conclusion forms a limiting plate 26. This prevents the guided around the bolt 6 fiber bundles (not shown) from slipping off of the free ends 32.

In Fig. 3 Furthermore, a schematic view of a technical textile 34 is shown, which is manufactured with the device 1 described here. The technical textile 34 has two fiber layers 36, 38, which are each formed by at least one fiber bundle. The fiber bundles are laid meander-shaped and form lateral loops 40. These loops 40 lead to significantly improved power dissipation properties of the technical fabric 34 in the laid state, for example in a precast concrete part.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

contraption

2

transport system

4

Fiber guide element

6

bolt

8th

coater

12

imbibition bath

14

squeeze roll

16

Takedown system

18

bolt group

20

cleaning device

22

Fiber bundles Leger

24

further Faserbündelleger

25

further Faserbündelleger

26

limiting plate

28

beams

30

pin base

32

free end of the bolt

34

technical textile

36, 38

fiber layer

40

loop

T

transport direction

R

Return direction

A

meandering laying direction

B

further laying direction

U

bottom

Claims (12)

1. Transport system (2) for transporting at least one technical textile (34) during production thereof, comprising at least:

   a. a fibre guide element (4) for transport of the at least one technical textile (34),

   b. a drive unit for controlling the speed of advance of the fibre guide element (4) in transport direction (T),

   c. a plurality of vertically downwardly extending pins (6) for guiding and/or fixing the technical textile (34) during production thereof, wherein each pin (6) is arranged with a first end (30) at the underside of the fibre guide element (4) and is oriented downwardly by a further, free end (32)

   characterised in that the pins (6) are formed to be variable in diameter and/or outline.
2. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged at least at and/or in the vicinity of the outer edges of the fibre guide element (4).
3. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged to be at least partly movable by the first end (30) arranged at the fibre guide element (4).
4. Transport system according to claim 3, characterised in that the transport system (2) comprises support beams (28) for moving the pins (6), which beams are intermediately arranged between the first free pin end (30) and the fibre guide element (4) and which are variable in the position thereof along the fibre guide element (4) by motor drive.
5. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) are arranged as pin groups (18) of at least three pins (6) per group.
6. Transport system according to claim 1, characterised in that the pins (6) have at least a narrowing of diameter towards their free, downwardly directed end (32).
7. Device (1) for producing a technical textile (34) with at least one transport system (2) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:

   a. at least one fibre bundle laying means (22) for laying at least one first fibre bundle and second fibre bundle, which respectively form the first fibre layer (36) and the second fibre layer (38), in meandering course around the pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4), wherein the fibre layers (36; 38) have an orientation offset relative to one another,

   b. a coating device (8) with at least one impregnation bath (12) for the finishing of the technical textile (34),

   c. at least one product withdrawal system (16) for withdrawal of the finished technical textile (34) from the fibre guide element (4).
8. Device according to claim 7, characterised in that this additionally has upstream of the product withdrawal system (16) a hardening device (15) for hardening the finished technical textile (34).
9. Technical textile (34) produced in a device (1) according to at least one of claims 7 to 8, which is formed at least by a first fibre layer (36) and a second fibre layer (38), wherein the first fibre layer (36) is formed from at least one first fibre bundle laid in a meandering course in a first direction (A) and the second fibre layer (38) is formed from at least one further fibre bundle which is similarly arranged in a meandering course in a direction (B) differing from the first direction (A), wherein the at least one first fibre bundle of the first fibre layer (36) is formed at least in lateral regions as fibre curves (40) laterally projecting relative to the second fibre layer (38) and the at least one further fibre bundle of the second fibre layer (38) is formed at least in lateral regions as fibre curves (40) laterally projecting relative to the first fibre layer (36) and wherein the technical textile (40) has at least one finishing coating.
10. Method of producing a technical textile (34) by a device (1) according to at least one of claims 7 to 8, comprising at least the following steps:

    a. overhead laying of at least one first fibre bundle in meandering course by a fibre bundle laying means (22) around vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) in order to form a first fibre layer (36) below the fibre guide element (4),

    b. overhead laying of at least one second fibre bundle in meandering course by the or a further fibre bundle laying means (22; 24) around further vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) for formation of a second fibre layer (38) below the fibre guide element (4), wherein the second fibre layer (38) is formed to be offset relative to the first fibre layer (36) in a predeterminable angle so that the first fibre layer (36; 36) projects as fibre curves (40) in part laterally beyond the second fibre layer (38; 36) and/or the second fibre layer (36; 38) projects as fibre curves (40) in part laterally beyond the first fibre layer (38; 36);

    c. varying the size and/or diameter of the vertically downwardly extending pins (6) for fixing the two fibre layers (36, 38) by way of the plurality of formed fibre curves (40),

    d. transporting the laid technical textile (34) below the fibre guide element (4) to a coating device (8) with at least one impregnation bath (12) for the finishing of the technical textile (34),

    e. dipping and/or drawing the technical textile (34) in and/or through the impregnation bath (12) for the finishing, wherein the pins (6) dip into the impregnation bath (12) merely to such a depth that the technical textile (34) arranged thereon is completely surrounded by the impregnation bath (12),

    f. conducting the finished technical textile (34) out of the coating device (8)

    g. withdrawing the finished prefabricated technical textile (34) from the fibre guide element (4) by means of a single and/or double product withdrawal system (16).
11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the finished technical textile (34) is fed after or in the coating unit (8) to a hardening unit (15) for hardening the coated finish and non-detachably fixing the individual fibre bundles of the technical textiles to one another.
12. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the or yet a further fibre bundle laying device (22; 2) lays overhead yet a third fibre bundle in meandering course around vertically downwardly extending pins (6) of the fibre guide element (4) for formation of a third fibre layer, wherein this third fibre layer is laid in opposite lay to the first fibre layer.

Images