EP3248688A1 - Knife for a shredding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Knife (1, 2) for a comminution machine (3) for comminuting material, having two base surfaces (4, 5) and at least three side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9), wherein at least one base surface (4, 5) in Area of the coincidence of two side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9) a cutting device (10) and a chip space formed adjacent thereto (11) are provided, wherein the cutting device (10) is designed as a cutting edge, and the chip space (11) in such opposite the at least one base surface (4, 5) is inclined, that material shredded by the cutting device (10) is preferably conveyable in the direction (12) of one of the side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9).

Description

The invention relates to a knife for a comminuting machine for comminuting material, having two base surfaces and at least three side surfaces, wherein on at least one base surface in the region of the coincidence of two side surfaces, a cutting device and a chip space formed adjacent thereto are provided. The invention further relates to a crushing machine for crushing material, in particular valuable materials, waste wood and data carriers, comprising a machine frame, at least one rotatably mounted on the machine frame crushing rotor and a material feed space through which the material to be crushed the at least one crushing rotor can be fed, said at Crushing rotor several blades according to the invention are arranged.

FIG. 1 shows a relevant section of a crushing device 3 for crushing material, in particular valuable materials, waste wood and data carriers. The comminution machine 3 comprises a machine frame 28, on which a comminution rotor 29 is rotatably mounted.

The material to be shredded by the crushing rotor 29 is supplied to the crushing machine 3 via a material feeding space 30, wherein the material feeding space 30 can be manually fed, for example, by wheel loaders, forklifts or conveyor belts. The crushing machine 3 further comprises a feed device 35, which is pivotally mounted on the machine frame 28, and with which the material to be crushed to the crushing rotor 29 is conveyed.

The crushing machine 3 according to the in the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment comprises a maintenance flap 36, which in the Material input space 30 is pivoted, whereby a maintenance person 37 access to the crushing rotor 29 receives.

For crushing the material 29 knives are arranged on the crushing rotor, which is the main objective of the subject invention. These knives cooperate with stationary fixed counter knives 38, which may be in the form of stator knives or scraper combs. Preferably, the counter blades 38 are fixedly connected to the machine frame 28. In order to bring about a relative movement between the knives arranged on the comminution rotor 29 and the counterblades 38, the comminution rotor 29 performs a rotational movement in a specific direction of rotation 33 about the axis of rotation 34. The circle of the blades during this rotational movement is provided with the reference numeral 32.

The material shredded between the rotating knives and the fixed counter knives is subsequently discharged by a sieving device 31, which determines the comminution factor in accordance with the size of the sieve, and further conveyed, for example, by means of a conveyor belt, a transport screw, a chain conveyor or an extraction system.

The FIGS. 2a-2d show a knife 101 according to the prior art, as for example in the EP 2 848 311 A1 is described. It shows the FIG. 2a a perspective view, the FIG. 2b a side view, in which one looks at the side surfaces 109 and 108, the Figure 2c a plan view of the base 104 and the Figure 2d In detail, the knife 101 is substantially cuboid and comprises two base surfaces 104 and 105 and four side surfaces 106, 107, 108, 109. At the base 104 are in the region of the meeting of the two side surfaces 108 and 109 one Cutting device 110 and a chip space formed adjacent thereto 111 provided. The knife 101 is formed on the second, opposite base surface 105 accordingly.

The cutting devices 110 are formed as a cutting tip. The material shredded by the knife 101 or a cutting tip 110 passes into the chip space 111 formed adjacent thereto. This chip space 111 extends between two side surfaces 106, 107, 108 and 109 respectively and forms a respective material exit edge 119 and 119 on each of the respective side surfaces 120 off. These material outlet edges 119 and 120 are identical. The bottom of the chip space 111 is arranged in a plane which is aligned parallel to the base surfaces 104 and 105.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a crushing rotor 29 with a knife 101 arranged thereon in the shredding insert. Schematically also shown is the screening device 31, which surrounds the crushing rotor 29 in regions.

The knife 101 according to the prior art has a number of disadvantages: In that the cutting device 110 is designed as a cutting tip, the cutting device 110, in particular in the comminution of contaminated material, that is to say material which contains contaminants, has a strong tendency to cause wear or tear to cancel or cancel. In addition, when processing or crushing of solid materials (lumps, chunks, sprues, etc.) no real cutting action takes place. Rather, tearing takes place, whereby the knife 101 is essentially only suitable for the comminution of films. Looking at the FIG. 3 , it is clear that in the region of the perforated screen 31 during the rotation of the blade 101 about the rotation axis 34 of the crushing rotor 29, only a point contact with the perforated screen 31 takes place. This also results in a reduced comminution effect.

Another disadvantage is the fact that the material removed from the cutting tip 110 passes into the chip space 111 and due to the formation of the chip space 111 is present on the blade 101, which can lead to a material aggregation and in the worst case to a blockade of the crushing rotor 29.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a comparison with the prior art improved knife for a crushing machine for crushing material or a crushing machine with such improved knife, the knife in particular by an increased immunity to interference and an optimal cutting action at solid materials and especially in the field of screening device is characterized.

This object is solved by the features of independent claims 1 and 13.

It is therefore provided according to the invention that the cutting device is formed as a cutting edge, and the chip space is inclined relative to the at least one base surface that shredded material by the cutting device is preferably conveyed in the direction of one of the side surfaces.

The fact that the cutting device is designed as a cutting edge and not as in the prior art as a cutting tip, the wear is significantly reduced. In addition, the cutting device achieves an actual cutting action rather than a mere tearing action on the material to be shredded. In the case of providing a screening device in a crusher, the cutting edges of the blades essentially form a line rather than a point contact, which also increases the crushing effect.

Overall, by the measure that the cutting device is designed as a cutting edge, the cutting action and thus the chip flow increases while reducing the susceptibility to failure.

At the same time, by virtue of the chip space being inclined relative to the at least one base area, that material shredded by the cutting device can preferably be conveyed in the direction of one of the side surfaces, it is ensured that the material removed in a particularly efficient manner in comparison with the prior art also remains is particularly efficiently carried away by the cutting device and the knife by not normally abuts the rake face of the chip space, but is conveyed away in a preferred direction, namely in the direction of one of the side surfaces.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims, wherein by the measure defined in claim 8, the life of the knife can be significantly increased. If the cutting device and the chip space formed adjacent thereto are worn in an area where two side surfaces come together, the knife only has to be turned and / or turned over and can be used like a fresh knife. This process can be repeated so often until all provided on the knife cutting devices and adjacent trained chip spaces are worn.

Due to the measures described in claim 11, that the knife is formed on the two base areas substantially identical, wherein the cutting edge and the chip space or the cutting edges and the chip spaces of the second base surfaces inverted to the cutting edge and the chip space or the cutting edges and the Span spaces of the first base are arranged, it is possible to select by an appropriate mounting of the blade on the crushing rotor, whether the chip flow is directed to the left or right. In particular, configurations are possible in which, for example, in the left area of Crushing rotor, the material is transported to the left and in the right area of the crushing rotor to the right, whereby a total of a particularly efficient removal of the chipped or cut material from the crushing rotor takes place.

Fig. 1

einen Ausschnitt einer Zerkleinerungsmaschine,

Fig. 2a-2d

ein Messer gemäß dem Stand der Technik in einer perspektivischen Ansicht (Fig. 2a), in einer Seitenansicht (Fig. 2b) und in zwei Draufsichten (2c und 2d),

Fig. 3

das Messer gemäß dem Stand der Technik im Zerkleinerungseinsatz,

Fig. 4a-4d

ein erfindungsgemäßes Messer in einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht (Fig. 4a), in einer Seitenansicht (Fig. 4b) und in zwei Draufsichten (4c und 4d),

Fig. 5

das Messer gemäß der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform im Zerkleinerungseinsatz,

Fig. 6a, 6b

einen Ausschnitt eines Zerkleinerungsrotor mit daran angeordneten Messern gemäß der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform aus zwei verschiedenen Blickrichtungen,

Fig. 6c, 6d

Details der Vorrichtung zur Halterung der Messer gemäß der ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform an dem Zerkleinerungsrotor, und

Fig. 7a, 7b

ein erfindungsgemäßes Messer gemäß einem zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform in einer perspektivischen Ansicht (Fig. 7a) und in einer Draufsicht (Fig. 7b).

Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the description of the figures with reference to the drawings. Show:

Fig. 1

a section of a crusher,

Fig. 2a-2d

a knife according to the prior art in a perspective view ( Fig. 2a ), in a side view ( Fig. 2b ) and in two plan views (2c and 2d),

Fig. 3

the knife according to the prior art in the shredding insert,

Fig. 4a-4d

a knife according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment in a perspective view ( Fig. 4a ), in a side view ( Fig. 4b ) and in two plan views (4c and 4d),

Fig. 5

the knife according to the first preferred embodiment in the shredding insert,

Fig. 6a, 6b

a detail of a comminuting rotor with knives arranged thereon according to the first preferred embodiment from two different viewing directions,

Fig. 6c, 6d

Details of the device for mounting the knife according to the first preferred embodiment of the crushing rotor, and

Fig. 7a, 7b

a knife according to the invention according to a second preferred embodiment in a perspective view ( Fig. 7a ) and in a plan view ( Fig. 7b ).

The FIGS. 1 . 2a-2d such as 3 have already been described in the introduction. The embodiments described below of an inventive For example, knives can be used in the FIG. 1 used crusher are used.

The FIGS. 4a to 4d show a first preferred embodiment of a knife 1 according to the invention for a crushing machine 3 for the crushing of material.

The knife 1 has two base surfaces 4 and 5, which are spaced from each other. The distance 44 may be 20 mm, for example. In the illustrated case, the base surfaces 4 and 5 have a substantially quadrangular, more precisely said square, shape with an edge length 43 of, for example, 40 mm. However, embodiments with, for example, triangular bases are also conceivable.

The knife 1 also has four side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9, which connect the two base surfaces 4 and 5 with each other. On the base 4, in the region of the coincidence of the side surfaces 6 and 7 and in the region of the coincidence of the side surfaces 8 and 9, a cutting device 10 and a chip space 11 formed adjacent thereto are provided. Correspondingly, a cutting device 10 and a chip space 11 formed adjacent thereto are provided on the opposite base surface 5 in the region of the coincidence of the side surfaces 7 and 8 and 9 and 6. This means that the knife 1 at the two base surfaces 4 and 5 is thus formed substantially identical - with regard to the relative arrangement of the cutting devices 10 and the chip spaces 11. However, the cutting edges 10 and the chip spaces 11 of the second base 5 are rotated by 90 ° relative to the grinding edges 10 and the chip spaces 11 of the first base 4.

Another difference is that the cutting edges 10 and the chip spaces 11 of the second base surface are laterally inverted to the cutting edges 10 and the chip spaces 11 of the first base 4 are arranged, which can be seen from the direct comparison of Figures 4c and 4d can recognize.

The cutting devices 10 are each formed as a cutting edge, wherein the cutting edge 10 has a width of 5-9 mm, preferably 7 mm.

The cutting edges 10 are further formed in each case at between the two coinciding side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9 arranged corner surfaces 15, wherein the corner surfaces 15 in the cutting edge 10 opposite and adjacent to the other base surface 4 and 5 area a flattening 16 to Avoiding contact with the material to be shredded. Like from the Figure 4c shows, the corner surfaces 15 substantially at an angle 17 of 45 ° to the two coincident side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively.

Characterized in that the knife 1 has a total of four arranged on a base 4 and 5 in the region of the meeting of two side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9 cutting devices 10 and adjacent thereto formed chip spaces 11, the knife 1 is quadruple usable. For example, one could use the knife 1 in the following order: First, the cutting edge 10 disposed between the side surfaces 6 and 7 is used. Subsequently, the knife 1 is rotated by 180 ° about a central axis 22 oriented substantially normal to the base surfaces 4 and 5, so that the cutting edge 10, which is arranged between the side surfaces 8 and 9, is used. Subsequently, the knife 1 is rotated about a substantially parallel to the two base surfaces 4 and 5 aligned central axis 23 by 180 ° and at the same time made a rotation through 90 ° about the central axis 22. Then either - depending on the direction of rotation about the central axis 22 - the cutting edge 10, which between the side surfaces 9 and 6 or the cutting edge 10, which is arranged between the side surfaces 7 and 8, are used. The respective other cutting edge 10 then comes in the fourth use. The flats 16 serve to ensure that the blade 1 is worn only in the region of the respective active cutting edge 10 and not in the region of the adjacent corner surfaces 15.

The fact that the cutting device 10 is formed as a cutting edge with a certain width 13 and not as in the prior art as a cutting tip increases the life of the cutting device 10, since a cutting edge 10 breaks less easily than a punctiform cutting tip. In addition, the comminuting effect increases because the knife 1 contacts the material to be comminuted over a larger area, which is essentially defined by the width 13 of the cutting edge 10. The design of the cutting device 10 as a cutting edge thus has two major advantages over the prior art: on the one hand, the life of the cutting device 10 is increased and, secondly, there is an improved cutting action.

The chip spaces 11, which are arranged adjacent to the cutting devices 10, are inclined relative to the base areas 4 and 5 such that material shredded by the cutting devices 10 is preferably conveyable in the direction 12 of one of the side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9, respectively. In the case of the chip space 11, which is arranged between the side surfaces 6 and 7, the material comminuted by the cutting device 10 is preferably conveyed in the direction 12 of the side surface 6. In the case of arranged between the side surfaces 8 and 9 chip space 11, the crushed material is preferably transported in the direction 12 of the side surface 8.

As in particular from the FIG. 4b As can be seen, the cutting edge 10 is inclined in the same direction 14 as the chip space 11. The chip space 11 is furthermore designed as a channel widening in the preferred material conveying direction 12. In addition, the chip space 11 is concave, so curved relative to the respective base 4 and 5 inwards educated. The clamping surface 18 which is in contact with the material comminuted by the cutting device 10 may be cylindrical, conical or spherical, that is to say part of a cylindrical surface, a conical surface or a spherical surface. And finally, it can be stated that the chip space 11 is at least partially curved in cross-section. All of these measures improve material flow in the preferred direction of material transport 12.

As already stated, the chip spaces 11 each extend between two coinciding side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9. The chip spaces 11 define a first material exit edge 19 on one of the two coinciding side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9 and a second material exit edge 20 at the other of the two coincident side surfaces 6, 7, 8 and 9. The first material outlet edge 19 is compared to the second material outlet edge 20 - based on the at least one base 4 and 5 - lowered more. The material shredded by the cutting device 10 can leave the blade 1 on the side surfaces 6, 7, 8 or 9 via the material outlet edges 19 and 20, wherein the largest part of the shredded material due to the inclination of the chip space 11, the knife 1 at the first Material exit edge 19 leaves. The two material outlet edges 19 and 20 are at least partially arcuate. Moreover, the first material outlet edge 19 has a greater curvature than the second material outlet edge 20, for example based on FIG FIG. 4b is recognizable.

The theoretical axis 21 of the concave chip spaces 11, which essentially corresponds to the central axis, includes an acute angle 24 and 25 respectively to the central axis 22 and to the central axis 23 of the knife 1.

The knife 1 has a central feedthrough 26 for connecting the knife 1 to a knife holder 27 (see also the following figures). The bushing 26 may be provided with a thread which is either cut directly into the blade 1 or arranged on a threaded bushing which is inserted into the blade 1. The diameter 45 of the passage 26 is for example 18 mm.

The two base surfaces 4 and 5 are partially formed as a support surface for supporting the knife 1 on a knife holder 27. This means that the knife 1 is supported on the knife holder 27 via this support surface in the state mounted on a knife holder 27.

FIG. 5 shows a section of a crushing rotor 29 with a knife 1 arranged thereon, wherein the knife 1 is oriented relative to the comminution rotor 29, that one of the provided on the blade 1 cutting edges 10 protrudes from the comminuting rotor 29 and upon rotation of the crushing rotor 29 in contact with the zu crushing material occurs. In the FIG. 5 a part of the screening device 31 is also shown schematically. This illustration makes it clear that the cutting edge 10 of the knife 1 essentially forms a line contact with the screening device 31, whereby the cutting action is considerably increased. In the case shown, the comminuted material is preferably carried away in the direction 12 to the left of the knife 1.

For mounting the knife 1 to the crushing rotor 29 (see Figures 6a-6d ), the knife 1 by means of a screw 39, which engages in a screw-40, attached. In order to realize an anti-rotation lock, a bolt 41 held on the one hand on the knife holder 27 and on the other hand on the screw-in bushing 40 is provided. For the positive retention of the bolt 41 in the screw-in bush 40, a substantially U-shaped recess 42 is provided.

Like from the Figures 6a and 6b As can be seen, the blades 1 are arranged spirally on the comminution rotor 29.

The FIGS. 7a and 7b show a second preferred embodiment of a knife according to the invention 2. Compared to the first embodiment, the knife 2 only on a base 4 cutting edges 10 and adjacent thereto arranged chip spaces 11. The opposite base 5 is flat. This means that the knife 2 is always supported by the base 5 on a knife holder 27. The flat parts of the base 4, since they are not used as a supporting surface, are reduced in favor of the chip spaces 11. The material flow in the direction of the preferred material conveying direction 12 can thereby be further increased. The knife 2 is double usable.

Claims (15)

Knife (1, 2) for a comminution machine (3) for comminuting material, having two base surfaces (4, 5) and at least three side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9), wherein at least one base surface (4, 5) in A cutting device (10) and a chip space (11) formed adjacent thereto are provided, characterized in that the cutting device (10) is designed as a cutting edge, and the chip space (11 ) is inclined relative to the at least one base surface (4, 5) such that material shredded by the cutting device (10) is preferably conveyable in the direction (12) of one of the side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9). Knife (1, 2) according to claim 1, wherein the cutting edge (10) has a width (13) of 5 to 9 mm, preferably 7 mm, and / or opposite to the at least one base surface (4, 5) in the same direction ( 14) as the chip space (11) is inclined. Knife (1, 2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cutting edge (10) is formed on a corner surface (15) arranged between the two coinciding side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9), preferably wherein the corner surface (15) - In which the cutting edge (10) opposite and to the other base surface (4, 5) adjacent region has a flattening (16) to avoid contact with the material to be shredded, and / or substantially encloses an angle (17) of 45 ° to the two coincident side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9). Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chip space (11) - Is designed as a in the preferred material conveying direction (12) widening channel, and / or - Is concave, and / or - Has a with the cut of the cutting device (10) comminuted material in contact rake surface (18) which is cylindrical, conical or spherical, and / or - Is at least partially arcuate in cross section. Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the chip space (11) extends between the two coinciding side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9). Knife (1, 2) according to claim 5, wherein the chip space (11) has a first material exit edge (19) on one of the two coincident side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9) and a second material exit edge (20) on the other of the two coincident Side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9), wherein the first material outlet edge (19) relative to the second material outlet edge (20) - relative to the at least one base surface (4, 5) - lowered more, preferably wherein the two material exit edges (19 , 20) are at least partially arc-shaped, particularly preferably wherein the first material outlet edge (19) has a greater curvature than the second material outlet edge (20). Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the chip space (11) has a central axis (21) which is aligned with a substantially normal to the two base surfaces (4, 5) aligned center axis (22) of the knife ( 1, 2) and / or to a substantially parallel to the two base surfaces (4, 5) aligned central axis (23) of the blade (1, 2) includes an acute angle (24, 25). Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the knife (1, 2) more than one, preferably two or four, on a base surface (4, 5) in the region of the coincidence of two side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9) arranged cutting devices (10) and adjacent thereto formed chip spaces (11), so that the knife (1, 2) multiple times, preferably twice or four times, is usable. Knife (1, 2) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein at the at least one base (4, 5) in a second region of the meeting of two side surfaces (6, 7, 8, 9) a cutting device (10) and an adjacent For this purpose trained chip space (11) are provided. Knife (1, 2) according to claim 9, wherein the cutting device (10) and the chip space (11) of the second region are formed substantially identical to the cutting device (10) and the chip space (11) of the first region, preferably wherein the cutting device (10) and the chip space (11) of the second region substantially point-symmetrical to the cutting device (10) and the chip space (11) of the first region at the at least one base surface (4, 5) is arranged. Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the knife (1, 2) on the two base surfaces (4, 5) is formed substantially identical, preferably wherein the cutting edge (10) and the chip space (11) or the cutting edges (10) and the chip spaces (11) of the second base surface (4, 5) reversed and / or rotated by 90 ° to the cutting edge (10) and the chip space (11) or the Cutting edges (10) and the chip spaces (11) of the first base (4, 5) are arranged. Knife (1, 2) according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein - The knife (1, 2) is substantially cuboid, and / or - The knife (1, 2) has a central passage (26), preferably with a thread, for connecting the blade (1, 2) to a knife holder (27), and / or - The at least one of the two base surfaces (4, 5) at least partially formed as a support surface for supporting the knife (1, 2) on a knife holder (27). Crushing machine (3) for shredding material, in particular valuable materials, waste wood and data carriers, comprising a machine frame (28), at least one on the machine frame (28) rotatably mounted crushing rotor (29) and a material feed space (30), via which the material to be crushed the at least one crushing rotor (29) can be fed, characterized in that on the crushing rotor (29) a plurality of knives (1, 2) are arranged according to one of claims 1 to 12. Crushing machine (3) according to claim 13, wherein the knives (1, 2) are connected via knife holders (27) to the at least one comminution rotor (29). Crushing machine (3) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the crushing machine (3) comprises a screening device (31) surrounding the at least one crushing rotor (29) and over which the crushed material can leave the crushing machine (3), and wherein the during the crushing process active cutting edges (10) of the blades (1, 2) form substantially a line contact to the screening device (31).

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