EP3246282A1 - Lift for small shaft dimensions - Google Patents

Abstract

A lift is presented with a carriage that can be moved up and down along guide rails in the vertical direction, which is distinguished by the fact that the car has a self-supporting ground platform and not a separate car frame.

Description

State of the art

The invention relates to a lift according to the preamble of the respective main claim.

Such elevators are known in a variety of variants for a long time. Basically, the problem arises in elevators that the space within a building, which is claimed by the elevator shaft, is not available for other purposes and also limits the architectural freedom in the layout design. Because of this, work has been going on for quite some time to keep the dimensions of the required hoistway as small as possible. A major step forward has been the introduction of so-called machine roomless lifts, so the introduction of elevator constructions in which the drive and all the necessary components that were previously housed in the engine room, are no longer housed in a separate engine room next to or above the elevator shaft, but find their place in the elevator shaft itself. The achieved, considerable space savings are no longer sufficient.

In the search for ever more space-saving designs has already been thought to optimize the car itself. One starting point here is the so-called car frame. Typically, car frames or "slings" are used, which embrace the elevator car on three or four sides. On the car frame, the rail guide is attached and the car frame and the brake or brake safety device are attached and the suspension element strand. The cabin sits muffled on the car frame. Almost all When strong acceleration or when catching forces are intercepted by the car frame and distributed to the cabin passed.

The disadvantage of such a car frame is that it surrounds the elevator car as I said usually on at least three sides and therefore either requires larger manhole dimensions or allows for given manhole dimensions only less loadable base for the elevator car.

Because of this is in the patent application WO2008 / 107202 It has already been proposed to dispense with a completely separate car frame and at least partially integrate the car frame, which is still designed as a stable tubular frame construction, into the car. This already leads to a certain space savings. The still required quite massive car frame still claimed some space, even if it is partially integrated into the wall of the elevator car.

problem

In view of this, the invention has for its object to provide an elevator with even further reduced space requirements.

Inventive solution and its variants

According to the invention this object is achieved with a lift having the features of claim 1.

Accordingly, an elevator is proposed with a carriage which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction along guide rails. This elevator is characterized by the fact that the car has a self-supporting floor platform and no separate car frame.

The car thus dispenses with a frame running on the side and extending over the side walls and the car roof frame and on the outside of the car supporting frame. Instead, he owns a self-supporting ground platform, which usually carries all the loads and derived in the guide rails, which arise when braking or catching by the inertia of the Fahrkorblast (payload and Fahrkorbeigengewicht), and all also applied to or through the suspension element strand Endures stress. Ideally, the car side walls and the car roof only form a mostly einschalig built "hood" with a walk-roof, which is placed on the self-supporting floor platform - but not or at least only slightly contributes to stabilize the self-supporting platform and her a higher rigidity to rent.

Dependent and preferably also independent protection is claimed for an elevator with a carriage which can be moved up and down along guide rails in the vertical direction, which is characterized in that the car is guided on two guide rails on two of its diametrically opposite sides. Preferably, on each side of each guide rail is assigned its own brake or catch or brake catch device. In this case, all braking, catching or braking devices are always or at least at nominal delays above 0.3 g synchronously and operated with the same intensity.

In this way, the forces occurring during the catch or braking in better distribution, namely at four spaced locations in the car or the self-supporting car platform are initiated. Overall, this leads to lower bending loads. As a result, the car frame or the self-supporting replacing it Platform are made less massive, which saves not only material, but above all space.

A particularly preferred solution provides that the two car guide rails on each of the two opposite sides each run directly in the region of the vertical corners of the car, and preferably not more than 1/4, better still not more than 1/5 of the width of the relevant car side length of the vertical corner of the car are removed. A vertical corner here is the edge or rounding, which forms the collision or the meeting of two adjacent side walls.

In this way, it comes when braking or when catching a particularly favorable distributed initiation of braking or catching forces in the car - which not only then (but in particular extent) has a positive effect when proposed in the context of the invention , Special type of leadership of the suspension element strand is used.

Dependent and preferably also independent protection is claimed for an elevator with a cage movable up and down along guide rails in the vertical direction, which is characterized in that the car is close to its bottom side, but still in the region of the respective side wall, on two opposite sides each carrying at least two deflection axes rotating about different axes of rotation, which serve to deflect the suspension element strand.

Preferably, the elevator according to the invention is designed such that the guide rollers mounted on each side of the car have an axis of rotation which is perpendicular to the plane which spans the side wall of the car on this side.

In this way, the car "hangs" on two diametrically opposite sides each tilt stable in a loop of Tragmittelstrangs - quasi suspended at the bottom - but without the Tragmittelstrang would have to pass under the car floor, which need precious space in the shaft and thus the efforts to counteract the smallest possible manhole dimensions.

Preferably, the deflecting rollers attached to the two diametrically opposed car sides are positioned so that each deflecting roller faces a corresponding deflecting roller mounted on the other side of the car and rotating about the same imaginary axis of rotation. Preferably, each pair of such pulleys also physically has a common axle tube, which ideally also forms a supporting component of a self-supporting floor platform.

Dependent and preferably also independent protection is claimed for an elevator with a cage movable up and down along guide rails in the vertical direction, which is characterized in that on each of the two opposite sides the two guide rollers associated with this side are mounted in an area, which is defined by the two guide rails in the horizontal direction, so that the deflection rollers are positioned between the two guide rails assigned to one and the same side of the cabin.

In this way, the required space for the guide rails between the respective car side wall and the immediately opposite shaft wall can be optimally utilized to the support means strand and the pulleys in the unused area of the guide rails of this gap accommodate. This also contributes significantly to be able to keep the shaft dimensions as small as possible.

This can also be achieved with appropriate guidance of the suspension element strand that the suspension element strand does not cross the guide rails, at least not in his car holding section between its articulation at a shaft fixed point and a traction sheave of the elevator drive.

Ideally, the construction of the elevator according to the invention provides that the suspension element strand is guided so that the suspension element strand does not undercut the car floor. This saves space and allows a reduction of the pit or a total waiver on this.

It is particularly favorable if the car is suspended 4: 1. This allows the space-saving and the car optimally supporting leadership of the suspension element strand and at the same time the use of faster-running and thus smaller-sized drives - so in turn contributes to reducing the manhole dimensions.

Ideally, the drive according to the invention is characterized in that the suspension element strand is guided from its point of articulation (anchoring point) in the shaft head to a deflection roller on the car side wall, from there in a horizontal direction to another deflection roller on the same car side wall along, from there is fed back to the pit head, where it is guided by at least one, better two pulleys in the area of the opposite second car side wall, there is guided by a pulley in the horizontal direction to another pulley on this car side wall and from there back into the pit head to the traction sheave becomes.

It is particularly favorable if the suspension element strand is then guided by the traction sheave located in the region of the shaft head to a deflection roller on the counterweight, from there to a deflecting roller fastened in the region of the shaft head, from there again to a deflection roller attached to the counterweight and from there out to a second point of articulation in the shaft head.

Dependent and preferably also independent protection is claimed for an elevator with a carriage which can be moved up and down along guide rails in the vertical direction, which is characterized in that each deflection roller consists of a tubular Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper integrally formed on a seat ring for deflecting a support means , And on the according to the necessary support means number more loose seat rings are pushed and captivated captive using a clamping element that they form together with the Umlenkrollenbasiskörper a uniform pulley, which can be mounted at its intended installation in the elevator system, the loose Seat rings are rotatable relative to each other and relative to the integrally molded seat ring, and the - often composed of clamping screws and / or a clamping ring - clamping element is designed so that it is possible, if necessary, the clamping element only after the complete placement and tighten all the support means of the suspension element strand and thus immobilize all seat rings relative to each other by being braced against the integral seat ring, without one of the seat rings must be rotated relative to other seat rings or relative Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper. But the support grooves can also be kept movable, if a balance of the support means relative to each other during the driving operation is desired, which is preferred. The use of such pulleys allows a practical construction an elevator with an increased number of cage-fixed deflection rollers or a complex guide of the suspension element strand.

Preferably, at least one roller bearing or at least one bearing bush for a plain bearing is arranged in the hollow cylindrical portion of the Umlenkrollenbasiskörpers.

Preferably, the contact surface with which the loose seat rings of the diverting pulley abut against the diverting pulley base body is lubricated or it rests against the diverting pulley base body via a layer of solid sliding material (eg positional bronze, PTFE). In this way, a permanent smooth rotation of the seat rings against the Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper is provided.

Ideally, the deflection rollers according to the invention for the step by step (successively) mounting the individual support means are used in particular in a lift according to the invention, as described in more detail in the context of the embodiments. Again, both dependent and independent protection is claimed, also as process protection.

Other modes of operation, design options and advantages of the construction according to the invention will become apparent from the embodiments described with reference to figures.

list of figures

• FIG. 1 shows a car with a known from the prior art car frame.
• FIG. 2a shows a car with the inventive leadership of the suspension element strand, which may also have a self-supporting floor platform according to the invention and as a rule four car guide rails not shown here is performed.
• FIG. 2b shows a part of the FIG. 2a seen in plan view from above.
• FIG. 3 shows a car with an alternative, inventive guide of the suspension element strand, which may also have a self-supporting floor platform according to the invention and is usually performed by four car guide rails.
• FIG. 4 shows the top plan view of an elevator according to FIG. 3 is executed.
• FIG. 5 shows a chassis that can form an essential part of a self-supporting floor platform according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 shows, schematically, a car with the components of FIG. 5 ,
• FIG. 7 illustrates the first embodiment of the invention once more in total.
• FIG. 8 shows a second embodiment of the invention, which differs from the first embodiment by the different type of guide rail assembly.
• FIG. 9 shows a guide roller according to the invention in section, equipped with bearings and placed on the Umlenkrollenachse.
• FIG. 10 shows a pulley according to FIG. 9 , in withdrawn from the car axle state and without bearings.
• FIG. 11 shows a guide roller according to the invention in an alternative design.

Inventive embodiments Preliminary note

The FIG. 1 shows a car in accordance with the prior art.

Good to see here is the car frame 2, which surrounds the car 1 on all sides and surrounds like a ring. The car or the actual cabin is mounted noise-insulated by means of buffers 3 on the lower horizontal part of the car frame 2. Often, the elevator car is also connected in its upper part via further buffer 3 noise-insulating with the car frame.

On car frame 2, the rail guides are attached and also the brake or brake safety devices. In addition, the support means are attached to the car frame 2, here for example at its upper horizontally oriented support, so that all loads are removed via the car frame.

Ground platform of the car

The elevator according to the invention, the car as a whole in FIG. 2a is shown, here goes another way.

The elevator according to the invention preferably has a so-called self-supporting floor platform 5.

As already explained at the beginning, a self-supporting floor platform 5 is mentioned when the floor platform is structurally capable, preferably all or at least take all significant vertical forces occurring in operation, without causing undue deformations. The side walls 6 of the car then have only the task of holding the roof 6a of the car and to guide the car vertically by forming a base on which, if necessary, the rail guides of the car are mounted. The roof can be entered by at least two fitters to work from the roof on the elevator system, such as working on the shaft head machine roomlos accommodated drive. Also in this respect, the side walls provide the necessary strength.

Otherwise, the side walls 6 of the car still have the function to support passengers leaning approximately from the inside against the side walls or their eventual handrail, and of course usually with a closed car door substantially closed to the outside cabin, which prevents the Passengers can come into contact with the shaft wall moving past the moving cabin or shaft installations encountered there. The self-supporting floor platform 5 can be designed in different ways.

In this case, floor platforms come into consideration, which consists of at least one horizontally oriented deck surface designed as a walk-on surface, which is reinforced on the underside by vertically oriented metal sheets and / or a frame construction. In particular, sandwich bottoms come into consideration, the horizontally oriented top surfaces connected by vertically aligned sheets and kept apart from each other.

A particularly favorable way of implementing a self-supporting floor platform 5 illustrate the FIGS. 5 and 6 ,

In this case, a kind of frame square of two Umlenkrollenachsprofilen 15 and two connecting connecting profiles 16 is created. This frame quadrilateral forms a chassis that becomes an integral part of the self-supporting ground platform.

The Umlenkrollenachsprofile 15 and the connection profiles 16 are preferably connected by node elements 17. Preferably, both of these profiles are closed in the circumferential direction, d. H. designed as box sections or pipes.

The Umlenkrollenachsprofilen 15 will preferably be continuous round profiles or round tubes, each having a seat for attachment of a rotatable pulley at their ends. The connection profiles 16 may simply be square or cylindrical rods or corresponding tubes, ideally round profiles are also used.

How to get along well with the FIG. 5 sees, the Umlenkrollenachsprofile 15 and the connection profiles 16 by means of node elements 17 are interconnected. Ideally, the node elements 17 are characterized in that both the Umlenkrollenachsprofile 15 and the connection profiles 16 can be pushed through them. In this case, the node elements 17 are preferably designed so that they can be tensioned in such a way that they clamp the inserted into them profiles. In this way it is particularly easy to achieve a modularity or a well manageable production of cabins for old buildings renovation with a cabin floor area just made to measure. For this purpose, the profiles 15 and 16 are each inserted so deeply into the node elements 17, that between the node elements a base with the required size arises. Then the node elements are tensioned so that they hold the profiles. Subsequently, the over them outwardly projecting profiles are cut off, which can be done with a cut-off also on site on the site.

Ideally, each node element 17 has a buffer or insulator 3, which provides a käbperschalldämmenden support point for the bottom platform of the car. How to be good on the basis of FIG. 6 The ground platform is placed on top of it and stiffened as the frame quad becomes an integral part of the ground platform, which is now referred to as a self-supporting ground platform.

The use of the ground platform according to the invention is particularly advantageous where the car is not made of steel, but of lightweight materials, such as aluminum or aluminum sheets, or of a fiber composite material - with a very special advantage, if immediately used to describe the suspension means guide is and / or the special rail assembly and the associated arrangement of the brake, catch or brake safety devices.

Special guidance of the car

In order not to have to perform the self-supporting floor platform 5 too massive and thereby gaining nothing, according to the invention, a special suspension of the elevator car is usually provided, which reduces the bending loads acting on the catch or strong deceleration of the car on this.

Ideally, the elevator is guided on the side of two opposite side walls of the elevator car each on two mutually parallel guide rails in the shaft. For this purpose, lower rail guides are direct provided over the safety gear 9. Ideally, the guides 7a and 7b are mounted directly to the car wall in the areas of the ceiling and floor. Instead, they may also be attached to reinforcing elements that form part of the wall.

Preferably, each of the guide rails 8 is assigned its own braking, catching or braking device 9. At least when greater delays are to be expected, these braking, catching or braking devices 9 are operated synchronously, so that between each of the total of at least four guide rails and the elevator car the same resulting braking forces occur - at least substantially.

Unlike the systems known in the prior art, the guide rails 8 are not positioned in the region of the center of the side facing the car. Instead, the guide rails are aligned so that the at least two guide rails, which are arranged on one side of the car, each run directly in the area of the vertical corners of the car, such as the FIG. 2b with the reference numerals 8 shows.

Preferably, it is the case that the guide rails or the guide assemblies assigned to them on the car side are no further removed from the vertical corner of the car than an amount which is at most 1/4, better still at most 1/8 and ideally at most 1/10 of the respective side length the side of the car, which faces the respective guide rail.

• Bei den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Aufzügen ist meistens pro Seite nur eine Führungsschiene vorgesehen, die in etwa im Bereich der Mitte der ihr zugewandten Fahrkorbseitenwand verläuft. Wenn bei einer solchen Konstruktion ein Fang ausgeführt wird, dann wirken im Bereich der Fahrkorbmitte große Verzögerungskräfte, was dazu führt, dass der Fahrkorbboden insbesondere unter voller Beladung die Tendenz hat, sich im Bereich seiner Außenkanten nach unten zu biegen. Damit erfährt der Fahrkorb auf diese Art und Weise eine starke Verformung. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Führung des Fahrkorbs ist das anders.

Such an arrangement of the guide rails helps, preferably in conjunction with the special, to be explained later support means arrangement to reduce the bending moments acting on the bottom platform 5 of the car when catching or braking:

• In the elevators known from the prior art, only one guide rail is usually provided per side, which runs approximately in the region of the center of the car side wall facing it. If a catch is executed in such a construction, then large deceleration forces act in the area of the center of the car, which means that the car floor, in particular under full load, tends to bend downwards in the region of its outer edges. Thus, the car undergoes a strong deformation in this way. In the guide of the car according to the invention that is different.

Due to the fact that forces are generated on each car side at least in two places that have been generated by the safety gear, it can be achieved with skillful distribution of these forces that the car floor is subjected to a much lower tendency of elastic deformation.

Special arrangement of the suspension

In order to reduce the bending moments even further, which act on the ground platform during sharp braking or when catching, a special type of suspension of the car on the suspension elements is usually selected in the elevators according to the invention.

As the Fig. 2a and 2b Together illustrate very vividly, according to a further aspect of the invention on two opposite sides of the car in each case two pulleys 10 are attached to the car side wall in the area near the car floor, preferably so that the guide rollers 10 not down over the lower limit / contour of Survive the bottom platform 5. This is important to keep the space required in the pit area as small as possible. In the projection, the pulleys are thus in one of the on the same side of the car located car rails (when using four rails) spanned plane, preferably completely.

The guide rollers 10 are arranged in the region of the car side wall, which lies between the two guide rails, which are associated with this car side wall, see. Fig. 2b , Ideally, each of the pulleys 10 positioned immediately adjacent to or in the horizontal direction is positioned at most 200 mm away from a lower rail guide 7a, as well as the Fig. 2b shows.

Each of the pulleys rotates as evidenced by the Fig. 2b about an axis oriented perpendicular to the surface of the car side wall to which the respective idler pulley is mounted.

The attachment of the guide rollers 10 is carried out as a rule on the self-supporting floor platform 5 or directly to structural elements that give the bottom platform 5 their flexural rigidity or on a self-supporting chassis, which forms part of the bottom platform, see. Fig. 5 ,

With this special deflection roller assembly is usually accompanied by a special leadership of the suspension element strand - such as the one 3 and 4 visualize.

The suspension element strand 4, of which in FIG. 2 only representative a single rope-like structure is shown extending from its upper shaft head hinge point A down to a guide roller 10 on the car side wall. This deflects the suspension element strand 4 in the horizontal direction and leads him to a second, also secured to the car side wall guide roller 10. From there, the suspension element strand 4 runs up again, where he in the shaft head via at least one, usually two upper, shaft fixed pulleys 11 in the area above the other Car side wall is guided. These deflection rollers 11 are preferably held on one of preferably two cross members Q, which are each attached to two guide rails, ideally so that they rest on the upper end side of the guide rails. If a second cross member Q is present, this will preferably be designed without pulleys.

From the area of the shaft head of the suspension element strand is again guided down until it encounters the attached to the other car side wall deflection roller 10. From this he is guided in the horizontal direction to another, attached to the car on the same pulley 10. From there, the suspension element strand is returned to the area of the shaft head. There it is deflected in the case of an execution of the system as a traction sheave elevator of the traction sheave of preferably positioned in the elevator shaft, usually at the upper end of the guide rails drive. Preferably, the drive is held on a drive carrier AT, which is attached to at least two guide rails of the car and possibly also to the counterweight guide rails, ideally so that it rests on the upper end side of the guide rails. From there, the suspension element strand runs back down into the region of the counterweight, up to a first counterweight deflection roller 13. From there, the suspension element strand runs in the horizontal direction to a second counterweight deflection roller 13 and from there preferably in the upward direction up to a further shaft-fixed Deflection pulley 11. The shaft-fixed deflection roller 11 is preferably held by the drive carrier AT. On this shaft-fixed guide roller 11 then takes place a new deflection, so that the suspension element strand now runs again to another Gegengewichtsumlenkrolle 13. Here again preferred in the horizontal direction towards a deflected further Gegengewichtsumlenkrolle, the suspension element strand then extends to the second anchoring point A in the shaft head. It may be appropriate to anchor the beginning and / or the end of the supporting rope strand to one of the cross members Q or to the drive carrier AT, so that the corresponding carriers form the anchoring points A.

In this way, a 4: 1 suspension is realized for the car, in which the car is suspended below, on its self-supporting ground platform.

Due to the fact that each of the two opposing sides are each assigned two deflection rollers 10, the forces originating from the suspension element strand 4 are also distributed; they become on each of the two opposite sides of the cage at two different locations in the car 1 or its self-supporting ground platform 5 initiated. This helps to reduce the bending moment acting on the ground platform when catching or sharply braking. When using a self-supporting floor platform, this can thereby be made less massive, which usually allows a reduction in the dimensions of the pit or their total savings and at the same time allows a reduction in the mass of the car to be moved and thus also the counterweight - which again reduces the manhole dimensions allowed.

The 4: 1 suspension of the car also has the advantage that a relatively small, comparatively fast-running traction sheave drive can be used. This reduces the space required for the drive in the shaft, since the installation space required by the traction sheave drive, including the corresponding safety clearances, is smaller.

If you look to the FIG. 2 back, then you can see from the previous remarks that the suspension element strand here very much is led cleverly. As already mentioned, each provided at each of the two guided car sides, at least two guide rails between them limit a space that is used for the cable guide of the car. After the at least two pulleys provided on each cabin side are mounted between the two guide rails, there is no need for the suspension beam to intersect the guide rails, in the sense that they somehow extend beyond the guide rails from one side to the other Side, which would cost space. Rather, it is such that at least part of the support means of the suspension element strand lies in the same plane as the guide rails. The suspension element strand can thus be completely accommodated in the narrow space between the car side wall and the shaft wall, just that free space, which is enforced anyway by the guide rails. Thus, there is also the possibility of positioning the guide rails closer to the car side wall, which significantly reduces the shaft cross-section with the same usable car base area.

Types of suspension used

Where free ropes are used, usually not a single rope is used, but a suspension element strand of several cables running in parallel. The ropes may be steel ropes or textile ropes, or combinations of these. Such are particularly preferred because they allow a much larger radius of curvature than pure steel cables, thus allowing smaller pulleys and pulley diameter than steel cables and therefore make the space saving efforts feed. Where steel cables are used, preference is given to steel ones with a small one Outer diameter between (in each case inclusive) 4 mm and 6.5 mm are used. Such cables also have only a low bending resistance and can therefore also be guided over pulleys with a relatively small outer diameter. In particular, when the weight of the car and the counterweight has been reduced and the elevator is a traction sheave elevator, the steel cables used are preferably sheathed, usually with a plastic. With these measures, despite the reduced dead weight of the car and the counterweight a sufficient driving ability can be ensured because a higher friction between the suspension element strand and the traction sheave, as they allow the friction partner "steel on steel".

For the sheathing, a non-steel material is preferably used with which a friction coefficient μ ≥ 2 can be achieved on the surface of the traction sheave. This also supports the pursuit of a car that is as compact and lightweight as possible.

Alternatively, a strap can be used as the suspension element. In this case, it may be sufficient in some cases to realize the suspension element strand by at least two parallel running belt, preferably those in the interior of which several straps forming the belt reinforcement are embedded in parallel. The ropes forming the belt reinforcement may be steel cables, but are preferably made of textile fibers.

Even belts made of pure textile industry are possible.

drive

Predominantly a traction sheave drive will be used for the elevators according to the invention.

As a rule, the traction sheave drive is gearless.

The engine usually has an oblong-cylindrical shape, d. H. the motor housing is cylindrical. Its extension in the direction of the motor axis of rotation will usually be greater by at least the factor 1.8, better by at least the factor 2.5 than its maximum diameter. Preferably, the traction sheave has a similar diameter as the motor housing. Particularly preferably, the traction sheave has a diameter which is at most 1.3 times greater than the diameter of the motor housing.

The motor housing can stand on feet.

Preferably, the traction sheave drive is housed in the region of the shaft head. It is preferred that for this purpose a plurality of guide rails, which are usually fastened to the same shaft wall, carry a yoke connecting them, for example in the form of a horizontal carrier, which serves as a drive carrier.

In particular, when the support means guide according to the invention is used, the axis of rotation of the traction sheave will be aligned completely or substantially parallel to the car side walls, which carry the guide rollers 10.

Alternatively, the inventive concept allows to use linear motors in the corner areas that raise and lower the car. The linear motors can act directly on the rails, the electromagnetically quasi to the component or Runners of the respective linear motor. But preferred is a solution that a linear drive immediately adjacent to the respective guide rail and its associated, also called guide shoe rail guide 7a; 7b, preferably at a maximum distance of 200 mm from the respective rail guide 7a, 7b. It is also conceivable a drive which surrounds the connecting edge or corner of two abutting car side walls.

It comes in these embodiments, a separate runner rail used, which does not correspond to the guide rail.

Also this concept is the guidance of the car according to the invention at four guide rails in the field of Fahrkorbecken very good. Compared to the known two-rail systems more and less small-sized linear motors can be used, which can be attached to widely spaced locations on the car, namely in the field of car basins where sufficient space is available. In this type of installation, the engine forces occurring, for example, in the upward acceleration load the car or the ground platform according to the invention more uniformly, which also allows a more compact and thus space-saving design.

Alternative embodiment

The Fig. 8 shows an alternative embodiment. This differs from the previously described embodiment by its different type of guide rail assembly. Otherwise, what has been said for the previously described embodiment applies correspondingly, so that the corresponding technical versions for this exemplary embodiment do not have to be repeated again.

In this embodiment, the classic rail arrangement is realized - on two diametrically opposite car sides each having a guide rail is provided, usually in the region of the center of the respective car side.

This construction is material-saving, especially in elevators in high-rise buildings, because it requires only two instead of four guide rail strands for the car.

This is, however, bought by accepting a worse utilization of the shaft cross section through the car, because the car fixed pulleys 10 must now be attached with so much more distance from the car side wall on the self-supporting floor platform 5 or on the chassis, that between two fixed cage pulleys 10th extending suspension element strand finds a sufficiently large gap between the extending in the middle of this car side wall guide rail and the shaft wall finds he can happen, see. in the Fig. 8 Passage marked with the letter P.

Special pulleys and their use according to the invention

The FIGS. 9 and 10 show an embodiment of the special pulleys, which can be used particularly useful in the context of the invention.

The deflection rollers of the invention consist of a Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper 50. The Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper 50 preferably has the shape of a cylindrical tube, which may optionally be made shortened to a pipe stub, see. Fig. 11 , Preferably integrally or integrally formed on it, is a seat ring 51, which provides a surface, here in the form of a half-round groove 52, over which one of the support means of the suspension element strand 4 is deflected.

In the region of the pipe inside, the Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper 50 has two seats 53, preferably two spaced-mounted bearings 54 record.

On its outer side, the Umlenkrollenbasiskörper 50 has another seat 55, on which can be more loose seat rings 56 push. The loose seat rings 56 are preferably provided with a grease lubrication in the region of that surface with which they rest against the further seat surface 55. Optionally, the seat rings carry on their flanks, with which they come into contact with each other, a contact seal, for example, also called O-ring cord seal 57, or an X-ring. This contact seal prevents, when the seat rings 56, as explained in more detail below, are pressed against each other, grease reaches into the region of the surfaces (for example, the half-round grooves 52), with which the loose seat rings deflect their associated support means.

Like also on the basis of FIG. 9 can be seen well, belongs to the respective pulley a clamping body 58. This clamping body 58 preferably has through holes through which clamping screws 59 are inserted, which can be screwed into the Umlenkrollenbasiskörper 50. By tightening these screws causes the clamping body 58 exerts a pressure in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the guide roller and thereby compresses the loose bearing seat rings 56 and clamped together against the integral seat ring 51.

This has the following circumstances:

The deflection rollers according to the invention facilitate the installation of the elevator system immensely. This is especially true when a suspension element strand is used, the individual suspension means are not pure steel cables, but support means, the higher friction against the surface of the Deflection pulley deploy as the mating steel to steel. This is always the case when either jacketed or coated steel cables are used or textile ropes or belts or belts covered with polyurethane or similar materials are used.

The deflection rollers according to the invention make it possible, due to their design, to be installed completely in the place where they are used, for example in the area of the shaft head or on the car. The clamping body 58 is not or not fully tightened, but at best easily applied against the loose seat rings 56. In this way, the various components of the pulley are prevented from falling apart, but at the same time the loose seat rings 56 are all rotatable relative to each other and relative to the integral seat ring 51.

• Der aus mehreren parallel laufenden Tragmitteln bestehende Tragmittelstrang wird Tragmittel für Tragmittel aufgelegt und dabei über die Umlenkrollen gezogen. Zuerst wird dabei ein Tragmittel auf den integral mit dem Umlenkrollenbasiskörper verbundenen Sitzring 51 aufgezogen. Der Punkt ist dabei, dass auch nach dem Auflegen des ersten Tragmittelstrangs die Umlenkrollen noch nicht völlig festgelegt sind, wie das der Fall wäre, wenn die Umlenkrollen aus einem einheitlichen Körper ohne relativ zueinander bewegliche Komponenten bestünde.

The deflection rollers according to the invention are used to substantially facilitate the mounting of the individual suspension elements (preferably in the form of suspension cables) during the erection of the elevator installation, as follows:

• The suspension element consisting of a plurality of suspension elements running in parallel is placed on suspension elements for suspension elements and pulled over the deflection rollers. First, a support means is mounted on the seat ring 51 integrally connected to the Umlenkrollenbasiskörper. The point here is that even after placing the first suspension element strand, the pulleys are not completely fixed, as would be the case if the pulleys consisted of a single body without relatively movable components.

Due to this, the second and each further support means can be pulled unhindered over the pulleys, because that seat ring 56 which receives this further support means, is free to move, so that despite rotation of the block Pulley as a whole can take place a rotation of the respective loose seat ring 56, so that the support means can be pulled comfortably in succession over all pulleys 10,11 and 13 and again almost free suspension means can be tightened over the pulleys, the farther the installation of the currently handled Carrying means progresses.

This effect can be further improved if one introduces deep groove ball bearings between the base body 50 and the seat rings. For some applications, the use of needle bearings is even cheaper.

After placing or mounting all the support means strand 4 forming support means, the individual support means that form the suspension element strand must be stretched evenly so that they wear uniformly. Again, the pulleys of the type just described are particularly advantageous. The uniform clamping takes place at one end of the suspension element strand. The rope locks which are usually available there for each individual suspension element are tightened in such a way that the same tension or load is measured on each individual suspension element of the suspension element strand. Here, too, it is extremely advantageous that the deflection roller is divided into louder individual seat rings, which are rotated independently of each other at this stage and therefore it is ensured that the pulleys can exert no friction, the measurement of the voltage or the load at the individual Falsify suspension elements.

Unless the seat rings permanently leave their relative mobility to avoid tension between individual suspension element strands during operation, the clamping body 58, which presses the seat rings against each other and presses against the integral seat ring 51, tightened only after the uniform tensioning of the individual support means of the suspension element strand, around the seat rings 51, 56 against each other and thereby immobilize relative to each other.

It can be said that the above-described, special pulleys make the cable guide according to the invention with a large number of pulleys only practicable, because due to the large number of used pulleys 11 are otherwise significant mounting difficulties in space, jeopardizing the commercial success of this concept. Therefore, the special cable guide and the pulleys just described lead to a synergistic interaction.

Finally, it should be said that in some (generally not preferred) cases one speaks of a self-supporting ground platform, if the ground platform not only absorbs the forces occurring during operation, but mainly contributes to the stability, preferably at least 85%.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

car

2

Car frame

3

Buffer or insulator

4

Support means run

5

floor platform

6

side walls

6a

Roof of elevator car / car

7a

lower rail guides

7b

upper rail guides

8th

guide rail

9

Catching, braking or braking device

10

Pulley on the car

11

upper shaft-fixed pulleys

12

not forgiven

13

Gegengewichtsumlenkrolle

14

Traction drive

15

Umlenkrollenachsprofil

16

connection profile

17

node element

18

not used

19

not used

20

traction sheave

21 - 49

not forgiven

50

Umlenkrollenbasiskörper

51

seat ring

52

Semicircle groove

53

Seat on the inside

54

roller bearing

55

not used

56

more movable seat rings

57

cord seal

58

tensioning body

59

clamping screw

60

clamping element

L

longitudinal axis

FS

Car side length

A

Shaft-solid Anlenk- or anchoring point of the suspension element strand

Q

Cross member connecting two guide rails

AT

Drive carrier connecting two guide rails

G

counterweight

P

Passage for suspension element strand past guide rail

Claims (15)

Elevator with a along along guide rails (8) in the vertical direction movable up and down car (1), characterized in that the car (1) has a self-supporting floor platform (5) and no separate car frame (2). Elevator with a along along guide rails (8) in the vertical direction movable up and down car (1), preferably according to claim 1, characterized in that the car (1) is guided on two opposite sides in each case on two guide rails (8) and Preferably on both sides of each guide rail (8) is associated with a brake or catch or brake catching device (9) and all brake, catch or brake catch devices (9) always or at least at target delays above 0.3 g are operated synchronously , Elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that the two car guide rails (8) on the two opposite sides in each case directly in the region of the vertical corners of the car (1) run along and preferably at most 1/4, more preferably at most 1/8 and ideally maximum 1/10 of the relevant car side length (FS) from the vertical corner of the car (1). Elevator with a along along guide rails (8) vertically movable up and down car (1) preferably according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the car (1) on the bottom side on two opposite sides in each case at least two rotating about different axes of rotation pulleys (10) for deflecting the suspension element strand (4) bears. Elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that the deflection rollers (10) each mounted on one side of the car (1) have an axis of rotation perpendicular to the plane which spans the side wall (6) of the car (1) on that side , Elevator according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the pulleys (10) fixed to one side of the car (1) faces a corresponding pulley (10) fixed on the other side of the car (1) and the same imaginary axis of rotation turns. Elevator preferably according to claim 3 and 4 or also preferably only one of these preceding claims in conjunction with the subsequent claims 3 and 4, characterized in that on each of the two opposite sides of the two this page associated pulleys (10) in one area are mounted, which is bounded by the two guide rails (8), so that the guide rollers (10) between the two on the same side cabin associated guide rails (8) are positioned. Elevator according to claim 7, characterized in that the suspension element strand (4) does not traverse the guide rails (8), at least not in its section holding the car (1) between its articulation at a shaft fixed point and a traction sheave (20) of the elevator drive. Elevator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the suspension element strand (4) is guided so that the suspension element strand (4) does not undercut the car floor. Elevator according to claim 9, characterized in that the car (1) is hung 4: 1. Elevator preferably according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the suspension element strand (4) from its point of articulation in the shaft head to a deflection roller (10) on the car side wall (6) is guided, from there in the horizontal direction to another deflection roller (10). is guided on the same car side wall (6) is returned from there to the pit head, where it is guided by at least one, better two pulleys (10) in the region of the opposite second car side wall (6), there by a guide roller (10) horizontal direction to another guide roller (10) on this car side wall (6) is guided and from there back into the pit head to the traction sheave (20) is guided. Elevator preferably according to claim 11, characterized in that the suspension element strand (4) is guided by the traction sheave (20) located in the region of the shaft head to a deflection roller (13) on the counterweight, from there to a deflection roller (11) fixed in the region of the shaft head ), from there again to a deflection roller attached to the counterweight (13) and from there to a pivot point in the shaft head. Elevator with a carriage (1) which can be moved up and down in the vertical direction along guide rails (8), preferably according to one of the preceding claims, with a plurality of deflection rollers (10, 11, 13) for deflecting a suspension element strand (4) formed from a plurality of parallel suspension elements ), characterized in that each deflection roller (10, 11, 13) consists of a tubular Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) to which integrally a seat ring (51) for deflecting a suspension means is formed, and on the other loose seat rings (56) are pushed on and can be captivated captive by means of a clamping element (60) that together with the Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) form a uniform guide roller (10, 11, 13), which can be mounted at its intended installation location in the elevator installation, the loose seat rings (56) being rotatable relative to each other and relative to the integrally molded seat ring (51), and the clamping element (60) being either designed so as to allow to tighten the clamping element (60) only after the complete placement and tensioning of all daily means of the suspension element strand (4) and thus to immobilize all the seat rings (51, 56) relative to one another by being braced against the integral seat ring (51), without any of the Seat rings (51, 56) relative to other seat rings (51, 56) or relative to Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) must be rotated or that the clamping element (60) Gesta Ltet is that it even in the tightened state, the seat rings (51) is not braced against each other, so that the seat rings (51) permanently, even in the elevator driving operation, relative to each other and relative to Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) remain movable. Elevator according to claim 13, characterized in that in the hollow cylindrical section of Umlenkrollenbasiskörpers (50) at least one roller bearing (54) or at least one bearing bush for a sliding bearing is arranged. Elevator according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the contact surface with which the loose seat rings (56) abut against the Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) is lubricated or over a layer of solid sliding material (eg, position bronze, PTFE) against the Umlenkrollenbasisiskörper (50) is present.

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