EP3237659B1 - Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection - Google Patents

Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3237659B1
EP3237659B1 EP15832816.1A EP15832816A EP3237659B1 EP 3237659 B1 EP3237659 B1 EP 3237659B1 EP 15832816 A EP15832816 A EP 15832816A EP 3237659 B1 EP3237659 B1 EP 3237659B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarns
layer
type
fibers
warp
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EP15832816.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3237659A1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Chatard
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Europrotect France SA
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Europrotect France SA
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Priority to SI201531702T priority Critical patent/SI3237659T1/en
Priority to PL15832816T priority patent/PL3237659T3/en
Publication of EP3237659A1 publication Critical patent/EP3237659A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3237659B1 publication Critical patent/EP3237659B1/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/43—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with differing diameters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D10B2321/101—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide modacrylic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of textiles used for the manufacture of fire and heat resistant clothing. It relates more specifically to textiles obtained from fibers known to have good heat and / or flame resistance properties. It relates more particularly to textiles obtained by the intimate bonding of two textile layers of distinct compositions exhibiting complementary properties. Such an intimate binding of the two layers is generally carried out by means of warp or weft threads from one of the layers punctually making a binding loop around a warp or weft thread of the other layer of the textile.
  • the Applicant described in the document EP 1 373 617 a particular structure of textiles used for the manufacture of protective clothing intended for firefighting personnel.
  • These textiles are generally composed of two types of yarn, namely on the one hand threads based on meta-aramid known for their resistance to heat and their good textile content, present on the face side, and on the other hand para-aramid threads, used for their better mechanical resistance, present mainly on the reverse side.
  • These two types of yarn are bonded by working the para-aramid yarns with the right side, so that, although mainly present on the reverse side, the para-aramid yarns are occasionally visible on the front side. .
  • the para-aramid threads have the drawback of changing in color as they are used and washed, and therefore become more and more apparent with more use. time, a phenomenon called fibrillation, which is not very aesthetic.
  • such double-layer textiles have an identical yarn density between the upper and lower layers.
  • density it should be understood that the number of threads per unit of length, for example the centimeter, is identical between the first and the second layer of the textile.
  • Such a construction is problematic because it leads to textiles in which each of the two layers has a similar weight per unit area.
  • One of the objectives of the invention is to modify such an arrangement so as to make it possible to produce a double-layered textile in which one of the layers is substantially closed, thus guaranteeing good protection against external attacks on the textile thus formed and in particular good protection. to chemical product splashes in particular.
  • Another objective is to produce a double-layered textile, the face of which has good textile behavior, that is to say optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance, especially UV radiation, while retaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.
  • Another objective is to be able to use materials with high mechanical performance and in a complementary manner thermal but which have major drawbacks when they are used on the exterior face, while ensuring that they are present exclusively in one of the two layers of the textile. and thus contributing to fully providing their mechanical and thermal advantages without the drawbacks which could result from their presence on the exterior face. Due to their high mechanical and / or thermal performance, the layer containing these materials does not need to be as dense as the layer which provides protection against external aggressions and is optimized according to a mechanical and / or performance ratio. thermal vis-à-vis the cost of the textile.
  • the invention therefore relates to a textile for the manufacture of protective clothing against fire, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer composed mainly of yarns of a first type and an inner layer composed mainly of yarns of a second type. distinct from the first type, in which the yarns of the first type exhibit properties of resistance to degradation of their mechanical properties and appearance in use and washing which are superior to those of the yarns of the second type, and the yarns of the second type having mechanical and / or thermal resistance properties superior to those of the yarns of the first type.
  • the inner layer of the textile comprises yarns of a third type, different from yarns of the second type, these yarns of the third type having properties of resistance to degradation of their appearance properties in use. and in the washings greater than those of the yarns of the second type, said yarns of the third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a double-layer textile exhibiting characteristics of resistance to fire and to heat in particular.
  • a textile comprises on the one hand, a first flame-retardant layer having good textile properties, thanks to good resistance to washing and use, as well as characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling and fibrillation.
  • a coloring suitable for use which forms the exposed face of the garment, and on the other hand, a second layer formed among other things in a material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance forming the inner face of the garment.
  • This first flame-retardant layer can thus be considered as non-flammable and heat-stable, in particular in application of the ISO 14116 standard for which a level 3 index can be reached. According to this test, after application of the flame, the fabric should not exhibit flame spread, flaming debris, hole formation, and flame persistence for more than 2 seconds.
  • the material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance used in the inner layer has significantly higher performance than the material used in the outer layer, thus giving the fabric much better performance in terms of mechanical resistance, in particular to breakage and tearing or advantageously a protection against radiant and convective heat far superior to what could have been achieved without the use of such a material.
  • the invention therefore relates to a double-layer textile comprising a first flame-retardant layer comprising good properties of resistance to abrasion, pilling and fibrillation, a coloring suitable for use.
  • This layer is formed into a warp and a weft by the weaving of threads of a first composition.
  • This textile comprises a second layer formed on the one hand from a material exhibiting high mechanical and / or thermal performance and obtained by weaving in warp and weft of threads of a second composition distinct from the first composition, and on the other hand starts from a third composition which is punctually linked with the threads of the first layer to allow the first and second layers of the textile to be intimately joined together.
  • Such a double-layered textile thus has a face face that is easy to decline coloristically in particular and a reverse face comprising a material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance.
  • the material exhibiting high mechanical and / or thermal performance is present exclusively on one and only one layer, and more precisely on the reverse side.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the second layer.
  • the density in terms of number of threads of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer.
  • the rear face has two populations of yarns, namely on the one hand yarns with high mechanical and / or thermal performance, used as ground yarns, and on the other hand yarns used as binding yarns of the two layers, and of which the characteristics are at least to present a coloring similar to the outer layer, a good behavior in use, in particular of coloristic resistance to radiation in particular UV and washing and not to degrade the fire and heat behavior of the textile support .
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the first layer can be at least one and a half times greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the second layer.
  • the warp and / or weft density of the yarns of the first layer is at least 1.5 times greater than the density of the weft and / or warp yarns of the second layer.
  • the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the first layer is 1.5 times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the second layer and that the number of threads per centimeter in warp of the first layer is three times the number of threads per centimeter of the warp of the second layer.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp of the first layer may be between 20 and 50, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp of the second layer may be between 10 and 25.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft of the first layer may be between 15 and 30, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft of the second layer may be between 5 and 15.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft may be slightly less than the number of warp threads for the first and second layer respectively.
  • the first layer can have a weave of plain, twill, satin or derived from these basic weaves, the weight of which is between 150 and 250 g / m 2 .
  • the second layer is for its part advantageously produced by means of a weaving in a plain weave or fabric derivative, with a weight of between 50 and 150 g / m 2 .
  • the count of the threads of the third type is less than the count of the threads of the first type by at least 15%, preferably 20%, or even 25%.
  • these threads which have the function of binding the two layers, namely the first and the second face, are thinner than those of the first face, which is generally the face exposed to the outside.
  • the contribution of the binding yarns to the overall weight of the textile is reduced, insofar as these yarns have no role in the main functions of the textile, namely temperature resistance and mechanical protection.
  • the binding yarns being thinner than the yarns of the first face, their impact on the visual appearance of the textile is minimized.
  • these threads do not adversely affect the fire and heat behavior of the overall textile support.
  • these binding yarns can be of the same composition, but of lower titre than those of the first layer. They can also be of different composition and of lower titre.
  • the first composition, present on the external face can be chosen from the group comprising the fibers of meta-aramid, of polyamide-imide, of modacrylic fibers, of the cellulose fibers, flame retardant or not, and of the mixtures obtained from these fibers. .
  • the first composition of the yarns forming the first layer has good flame and heat resistance properties, making it possible to use such a textile under extreme conditions, and in particular to allow the production of high-quality clothing. people who may be required to fight fires, such as firefighters in particular.
  • the choice of materials constituting this first composition allows the latter to obtain optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance to radiation, in particular UV, while maintaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.
  • the threads arranged in the warp and in the weft of the first layer may be of the same type.
  • the front side of the double-layered textile exhibits visual uniformity in terms of appearance and / or color.
  • the second composition, present on the internal face only can be chosen from the group comprising the para-aramid, polybenzimidazole, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers and the fibers. mixtures obtained from these fibers.
  • the threads of the internal layer are partly made of a material guaranteeing excellent thermal properties, in particular heat resistance and / or excellent mechanical performance.
  • the threads forming the second layer may have low resistance to radiation, in particular UV radiation and / or to washing, in fact they are protected and made invisible by the tight weaving of the threads constituting the first layer.
  • the third composition can be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid and polyamide-imide fibers, modacrylic fibers, flame-retardant or non-flame-retardant cellulose fibers, flame-retardant polyester or polyamide fibers, and mixtures obtained from of these fibers
  • the warp threads of the second layer can be of a different nature from the weft threads of the second layer.
  • the weft yarns and the warp yarns constituting the second layer may be of a different nature. They can thus also include aspects and / or colors distinct from one another. Such an embodiment is however not a problem since these threads are invisible at the level of the face of the double-layered textile.
  • the invention relates to a double-layer textile formed by the weaving of two layers intimately linked together by tie points.
  • such a textile 1 thus comprises a first layer 2 formed by the weaving of threads arranged both in the warp and in the weft according to a first composition of threads. It also comprises a second layer 3 formed by the warp and weft weaving of threads of compositions distinct from the first composition.
  • the cut according to the figure can be carried out in particular in the textile warp direction, and consequently a binding thread 4 of the warp makes it possible to punctually bind the threads 8, 9 of the second layer 3 with the threads of the first layer 2.
  • Such a binding thread 4 then forms a loop 5 around a weft thread 6 of the first layer 2.
  • this loop 5 can be produced below a warp thread 7 of the first layer 2.
  • a Phone This arrangement makes it possible to make the warp yarn 4 less visible at the level of the front face of the double-layered textile 1 corresponding to the outer face of the first layer 2.
  • the binding threads 4 form part of the third composition.
  • the 6,7 threads of the first layer are part of the first composition.
  • the warp threads 9 which form the bottom of the second layer work mainly with similar weft threads 8 of the same layer. These threads are part of the second composition.
  • the number of weft threads of the first layer 2 is greater than the number of weft threads of the second layer 3.
  • a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by a weaving according to a weave derived from a 2/1 twill with a weight of 165 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the warp threads of this first layer may be 32.4 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 22.5 threads per centimeter.
  • This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 93% of mass-dyed meta-aramid fibers, 5% of mass-dyed para-aramid fibers and 2% of antistatic fibers.
  • Such a yarn can be produced by assembling several yarns of fibers brought together or assembled by twisting.
  • this yarn can be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 70.
  • Such a yarn can therefore be qualified by a metric number Nm with a value of 70/2, ie 285 dtex.
  • the second layer may for its part be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 85 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the threads arranged in the warp direction of this second layer may be 16.2 threads per centimeter and the density of the threads arranged in the weft direction may be 11.3 threads per centimeter.
  • Such a second layer can moreover comprise in the direction of the warp at least two kinds of son.
  • a first kind of warp yarn can be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, with a metric number Nm 50/2, or 400 dtex
  • a second kind of warp yarn can be a mixture of 50% dye fibers.
  • 'aramids with 50% flame retardant viscose fibers having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex.
  • the threads of the weft of this second layer can be threads comprising 100% para-aramid fibers, the metric number of which is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
  • the binding or bonding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the warp threads of the second layer and more precisely of the second kind of threads, formed by the composition of the third type, based on a mixture of 50% aramid fibers with 50% flame-retardant viscose fibers and having a metric number of Nm 45, ie 222 dtex.
  • Such a binding can in particular be advantageously combined with the armor of the first layer in order to attenuate its visibility from the outside.
  • such a double-layer textile offers an outer surface at the level of the first layer, sufficiently closed to be used as an outer layer of a firefighter's jacket, making it possible in particular to protect the wearer from projections of chemicals.
  • Such a fabric meets the requirements of ISO 14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN 469.
  • such a fabric can be produced in multiple colorations.
  • a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by a weaving according to a 2/1 twill weave with a weight of 195 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the warp threads of this first layer may be 35.3 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 21.0 threads per centimeter.
  • This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 60% modacrylic fibers and 40% cotton fibers.
  • Such a yarn can be produced by assembling several unit yarns brought together or assembled by twisting.
  • this yarn can be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 60. Such a yarn is therefore qualified by a metric number Nm with a value of 60/2, ie 333 dtex.
  • the fabric forming the second layer may for its part be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 55 g / m 2 .
  • the density of warp threads of this second layer may be 11.8 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 7.0 threads per centimeter.
  • Such a second layer can moreover comprise in the direction of the warp at least two kinds of son.
  • a first kind of warp yarn can be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, with a metric number Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex
  • a second kind of warp yarn can be a mixture of 60% fibers of modacrylic with 40% cotton fibers with a metric number of Nm 40/1, or 250 dtex.
  • the threads of the weft of this second layer can be formed by threads comprising 100% para-aramid fibers, the metric number of which is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
  • the binding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the second kind of warp yarns of the second layer, formed by the mixture of 60% of fibers. of modacrylic with 40% cotton fibers and having a metric number of Nm 40/1, or 250 dtex.
  • Such a fabric meets all the requirements of ISO14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1).
  • the fabric can present on its outer face a wide variety of shades of plain colors, high visibility, in particular yellow, orange or red, or even printed according to patterns and colors used in camouflage for military applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des textiles employés pour la fabrication des vêtements résistants au feu et à la chaleur. Elle concerne plus spécifiquement des textiles obtenus à partir de fibres connues pour présenter de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la chaleur et/ou à la flamme. Elle vise plus particulièrement des textiles obtenus par le liage intime de deux couches textiles de compositions distinctes présentant des propriétés complémentaires. Un tel liage intime des deux couches est généralement réalisé au moyen de fils de chaîne ou de trame d'une des couches effectuant ponctuellement une boucle de liage autour d'un fil de chaîne ou de trame de l'autre couche du textile.The present invention relates to the field of textiles used for the manufacture of fire and heat resistant clothing. It relates more specifically to textiles obtained from fibers known to have good heat and / or flame resistance properties. It relates more particularly to textiles obtained by the intimate bonding of two textile layers of distinct compositions exhibiting complementary properties. Such an intimate binding of the two layers is generally carried out by means of warp or weft threads from one of the layers punctually making a binding loop around a warp or weft thread of the other layer of the textile.

ETAT ANTERIEUR DE LA TECHNIQUEPRIOR STATE OF THE ART

Il existe des matériaux textiles employés pour réaliser des couches extérieures de vêtements de protection qui confèrent à cette couche textile de bonnes performances de tenues à l'abrasion, au boulochage, une bonne tenue coloristique et mécanique au rayonnement notamment UV ainsi qu'une coloration adaptée à l'usage. Même si ces matériaux présentent en outre de bonnes performances mécaniques et thermiques, il s'avère que pour des applications bien particulières, telles que l'usage en tant que couche extérieure de tenue de protection pour la lutte contre l'incendie des pompiers par exemple, ces performances mécaniques et thermiques sont insuffisantesThere are textile materials used to make outer layers of protective clothing which give this textile layer good performance in terms of resistance to abrasion, pilling, good colouristic and mechanical resistance to radiation, in particular UV, as well as suitable coloring. in use. Even if these materials also have good mechanical and thermal performance, it turns out that for very specific applications, such as use as an outer layer of protective clothing for firefighting firefighters for example , these mechanical and thermal performances are insufficient

Il existe par ailleurs des matériaux textiles, commercialisés sous forme de fibres ou multi-filaments à très hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques mais qui présentent des inconvénients majeurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en face extérieure de vêtement. On parle ici de dégradation des performances aux rayonnements notamment UV ou de dégradation d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages notamment par fibrillation.There are also textile materials, marketed in the form of fibers or multifilaments with very high mechanical and / or thermal performance but which have major drawbacks when they are used on the outer face of the garment. We are talking here about degradation of performance with respect to radiation, in particular UV radiation, or degradation of appearance with use and washing, in particular by fibrillation.

Le Demandeur a décrit dans le document EP 1 373 617 une structure particulière de textiles employés pour la fabrication de vêtements de protection destinés à des personnels de lutte contre le feu. Ces textiles sont globalement composés de deux types de fils, à savoir d'une part des fils à base de méta-aramide connus pour leur résistance à la chaleur et leur bon comportent textile, présents sur la face endroit, et d'autre part des fils de para-aramide, employés pour leur meilleure résistance mécanique, présents principalement sur la face envers. Le liage de ces deux types de fils se fait par un travail des fils de para-aramide avec la face endroit, de sorte que, bien que principalement présent sur la face envers, les fils de para-aramide sont visibles ponctuellement sur la face avant. S'ils sont satisfaisants d'un point de vue tenue mécanique, les fils de para-aramide ont pour inconvénient d'évoluer en couleur au fur et à mesure de l'utilisation et des lavages, et deviennent donc de plus en plus apparents avec le temps, phénomène appelé fibrillation, qui n'est pas très esthétique.The Applicant described in the document EP 1 373 617 a particular structure of textiles used for the manufacture of protective clothing intended for firefighting personnel. These textiles are generally composed of two types of yarn, namely on the one hand threads based on meta-aramid known for their resistance to heat and their good textile content, present on the face side, and on the other hand para-aramid threads, used for their better mechanical resistance, present mainly on the reverse side. These two types of yarn are bonded by working the para-aramid yarns with the right side, so that, although mainly present on the reverse side, the para-aramid yarns are occasionally visible on the front side. . If they are satisfactory from a mechanical strength point of view, the para-aramid threads have the drawback of changing in color as they are used and washed, and therefore become more and more apparent with more use. time, a phenomenon called fibrillation, which is not very aesthetic.

Parallèlement, il est connu de réaliser des textiles double couche comme notamment décrits dans les documents EP 1 479 323 ou WO 01/64985 . Les textiles décrits dans ces documents présentent des fils de compositions différentes appartenant chacun à une couche, avec des liaisons ponctuelles ou géométriques entre la première et la seconde couche.At the same time, it is known to produce double-layer textiles as described in particular in the documents. EP 1 479 323 Where WO 01/64985 . The textiles described in these documents have yarns of different compositions each belonging to a layer, with point or geometric connections between the first and the second layer.

Cependant, de tels textiles double couche présentent une densité de fils identique entre les couches supérieure et inférieure. Par densité, il faut comprendre que le nombre de fils par unité de longueur, par exemple le centimètre, est identique entre la première et la seconde couche du textile. Une telle construction est problématique car elle conduit à des textiles dont chacune des deux couches possède un poids par unité de surface similaire.However, such double-layer textiles have an identical yarn density between the upper and lower layers. By density, it should be understood that the number of threads per unit of length, for example the centimeter, is identical between the first and the second layer of the textile. Such a construction is problematic because it leads to textiles in which each of the two layers has a similar weight per unit area.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Un des objectifs de l'invention est de modifier un tel agencement de façon à permettre de réaliser un textile double couches dont l'une des couches est sensiblement fermée garantissant ainsi une bonne protection face aux agressions extérieures du textile ainsi formé et notamment une bonne protection aux projections de produits chimiques notamment.One of the objectives of the invention is to modify such an arrangement so as to make it possible to produce a double-layered textile in which one of the layers is substantially closed, thus guaranteeing good protection against external attacks on the textile thus formed and in particular good protection. to chemical product splashes in particular.

Un autre objectif est de réaliser un textile double couches dont la face endroit possède un bon comportement textile, c'est-à-dire des caractéristiques optimales de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage, à la fibrillation et de tenue coloristique et mécanique, aux rayonnements notamment UV, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés textiles et une coloration adaptée à l'usage.Another objective is to produce a double-layered textile, the face of which has good textile behavior, that is to say optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance, especially UV radiation, while retaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.

Un autre objectif est de pouvoir utiliser des matériaux à hautes performances mécaniques et de manière complémentaire thermiques mais qui présentent des inconvénients majeurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en face extérieure, en s'assurant qu'ils soient présent exclusivement dans une des deux couches du textile et contribuant ainsi à apporter pleinement leurs avantages mécaniques et thermiques sans les inconvénients qui pourraient résulter de leur présence en face extérieure. Du fait de leurs hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques, la couche contenant ces matériaux ne nécessite pas d'être aussi dense que la couche qui assure la protection face aux agressions extérieures et est optimisée en fonction d'un ratio performances mécanique et/ou thermique vis-à-vis coût du textile. L'invention concerne donc un textile pour la fabrication de vêtements de protection contre le feu, comportant deux couches tissées, à savoir une couche externe composée majoritairement de fils d'un premier type et une couche interne composée majoritairement de fils d'un deuxième type distinct du premier type, dans lequel les fils du premier type présentent des propriétés de résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés mécaniques et d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieures à celles des fils du deuxième type, et les fils du deuxième type ayant des propriétés de résistance mécanique et/ou thermique supérieures à celles des fils du premier type.Another objective is to be able to use materials with high mechanical performance and in a complementary manner thermal but which have major drawbacks when they are used on the exterior face, while ensuring that they are present exclusively in one of the two layers of the textile. and thus contributing to fully providing their mechanical and thermal advantages without the drawbacks which could result from their presence on the exterior face. Due to their high mechanical and / or thermal performance, the layer containing these materials does not need to be as dense as the layer which provides protection against external aggressions and is optimized according to a mechanical and / or performance ratio. thermal vis-à-vis the cost of the textile. The invention therefore relates to a textile for the manufacture of protective clothing against fire, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer composed mainly of yarns of a first type and an inner layer composed mainly of yarns of a second type. distinct from the first type, in which the yarns of the first type exhibit properties of resistance to degradation of their mechanical properties and appearance in use and washing which are superior to those of the yarns of the second type, and the yarns of the second type having mechanical and / or thermal resistance properties superior to those of the yarns of the first type.

Conformément à l'invention, la couche interne du textile comporte des fils d'un troisième type, différents des fils du deuxième type, ces fils du troisième type présentant des propriétés de résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieures à celles des fils du deuxième type, lesdits fils du troisième type travaillant également avec la face externe pour assurer le liage des deux couches.In accordance with the invention, the inner layer of the textile comprises yarns of a third type, different from yarns of the second type, these yarns of the third type having properties of resistance to degradation of their appearance properties in use. and in the washings greater than those of the yarns of the second type, said yarns of the third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers.

Autrement dit, l'invention vise plus particulièrement un textile double couche présentant des caractéristiques de résistance au feu et à la chaleur notamment. Ainsi, un tel textile comporte d'une part, une première couche ignifugée présentant des bonnes propriétés textiles, grâce à une bonne tenue aux lavages et à l'usage, ainsi que des caractéristiques de résistance à l'abrasion au boulochage et à la fibrillation, une coloration adaptée à l'usage qui forme la face exposée du vêtement, et d'autre part, une seconde couche formée entre autre dans un matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques formant la face intérieure du vêtement.In other words, the invention relates more particularly to a double-layer textile exhibiting characteristics of resistance to fire and to heat in particular. Thus, such a textile comprises on the one hand, a first flame-retardant layer having good textile properties, thanks to good resistance to washing and use, as well as characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling and fibrillation. , a coloring suitable for use which forms the exposed face of the garment, and on the other hand, a second layer formed among other things in a material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance forming the inner face of the garment.

Cette première couche ignifugée peut ainsi être considérée comme ininflammable et thermostable notamment en application de la norme ISO 14116 pour laquelle un indice niveau 3 peut être atteint. Selon ce test, après une application de la flamme, le tissu ne doit pas présenter de propagation de flamme, de débris enflammés, de formation de trou et de persistance de flamme supérieure à 2 secondes.This first flame-retardant layer can thus be considered as non-flammable and heat-stable, in particular in application of the ISO 14116 standard for which a level 3 index can be reached. According to this test, after application of the flame, the fabric should not exhibit flame spread, flaming debris, hole formation, and flame persistence for more than 2 seconds.

Le matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques employé en couche interne possède des performances nettement plus élevées que le matériau utilisé dans la couche externe, conférant ainsi au tissu de bien meilleures performances de résistance mécanique notamment à la rupture et à la déchirure ou avantageusement une protection contre la chaleur radiante et convective bien supérieure à ce que l'on aurait pu atteindre sans l'emploi d'un tel matériau.The material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance used in the inner layer has significantly higher performance than the material used in the outer layer, thus giving the fabric much better performance in terms of mechanical resistance, in particular to breakage and tearing or advantageously a protection against radiant and convective heat far superior to what could have been achieved without the use of such a material.

En d'autres termes, l'invention concerne donc un textile double couche comportant une première couche ignifugée comportant de bonnes propriétés de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage et à la fibrillation, une coloration adaptée à l'usage. Cette couche est formée en chaîne et en trame par le tissage de fils d'une première composition. Ce textile comporte une deuxième couche formée d'une part dans un matériau présentant de hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques et obtenue par le tissage en chaîne et en trame de fils d'une deuxième composition distincte de la première composition, et d'autre part d'une troisième composition qui est de manière ponctuelle liée avec les fils de la première couche pour permettre de solidariser intimement entre elles les première et deuxième couches du textile. Un tel textile double couche possède ainsi une face endroit facile à décliner au niveau coloristique notamment et une face envers comprenant un matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques. Ainsi, le matériau présentant de hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques est présent exclusivement sur une et une seule couche, et plus précisément la face envers.In other words, the invention therefore relates to a double-layer textile comprising a first flame-retardant layer comprising good properties of resistance to abrasion, pilling and fibrillation, a coloring suitable for use. This layer is formed into a warp and a weft by the weaving of threads of a first composition. This textile comprises a second layer formed on the one hand from a material exhibiting high mechanical and / or thermal performance and obtained by weaving in warp and weft of threads of a second composition distinct from the first composition, and on the other hand starts from a third composition which is punctually linked with the threads of the first layer to allow the first and second layers of the textile to be intimately joined together. Such a double-layered textile thus has a face face that is easy to decline coloristically in particular and a reverse face comprising a material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance. Thus, the material exhibiting high mechanical and / or thermal performance is present exclusively on one and only one layer, and more precisely on the reverse side.

Complémentairement, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche est supérieur au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche.Additionally, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the second layer.

Autrement dit, en chaîne ou en trame, la densité en nombre de fils de la première couche est supérieure à celle de la deuxième couche. Un tel agencement permet ainsi d'avoir une première couche sensiblement fermée, tandis que la deuxième couche est ouverte ou ajourée. La face arrière présente deux populations de fils, à savoir d'une part des fils à hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques, utilisés comme fils de fond, et d'autre part des fils employés comme fils de liage des deux couches, et dont les caractéristiques sont à minima de présenter une coloration similaire à la couche extérieure, un bon comportement à l'usage, notamment de tenue coloristique aux rayonnements notamment UV et aux lavages et de ne pas dégrader le comportement au feu et à la chaleur du support textile. Ceci permet avantageusement d'avoir des points de liage visibles qui n'altèrent pas l'aspect visuel du tissu sur sa face extérieure lors de son usage.In other words, in warp or weft, the density in terms of number of threads of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to have a first substantially closed layer, while the second layer is open or perforated. The rear face has two populations of yarns, namely on the one hand yarns with high mechanical and / or thermal performance, used as ground yarns, and on the other hand yarns used as binding yarns of the two layers, and of which the characteristics are at least to present a coloring similar to the outer layer, a good behavior in use, in particular of coloristic resistance to radiation in particular UV and washing and not to degrade the fire and heat behavior of the textile support . This advantageously makes it possible to have visible binding points which do not alter the visual appearance of the fabric on its exterior face during use.

Avantageusement, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche peut être au moins une fois et demie supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche.Advantageously, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the first layer can be at least one and a half times greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp and / or weft of the second layer.

En d'autres termes, la densité en chaîne et/ou en trame des fils de la première couche est au moins 1,5 fois supérieure à la densité des fils en trame et/ou en chaîne de la deuxième couche. Ainsi, il est notamment possible que le nombre de fils par centimètre de la trame de la première couche soit 1,5 fois supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre de la trame de la deuxième couche et que le nombre de fils par centimètre en chaîne de la première couche soit trois fois supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre de la chaîne de la deuxième couche.In other words, the warp and / or weft density of the yarns of the first layer is at least 1.5 times greater than the density of the weft and / or warp yarns of the second layer. Thus, it is in particular possible that the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the first layer is 1.5 times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the second layer and that the number of threads per centimeter in warp of the first layer is three times the number of threads per centimeter of the warp of the second layer.

En pratique, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la première couche peut être compris entre 20 et 50, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la deuxième couche peut être compris entre 10 et 25.In practice, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp of the first layer may be between 20 and 50, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the warp of the second layer may be between 10 and 25.

Dans ce cas, il est possible de réaliser une première couche suffisamment fermée pour assurer une protection face aux agressions extérieures et notamment aux projections de produits chimiques. Cette protection est donc principalement obtenue par le tissage serré des fils de chaîne et des fils de trame constituant cette première couche.In this case, it is possible to produce a first layer which is sufficiently closed to provide protection against external aggressions and in particular against projections of chemical products. This protection is therefore mainly obtained by the tight weaving of the warp threads and the weft threads constituting this first layer.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la première couche peut être compris entre 15 et 30, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la deuxième couche peut être compris entre 5 et 15.According to a particular embodiment, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft of the first layer may be between 15 and 30, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft of the second layer may be between 5 and 15.

Ainsi, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame peut être légèrement inférieur au nombre de fils de chaîne pour respectivement la première et la deuxième couche. Par ailleurs, la première couche peut avoir une armure de type toile, sergé, satin ou dérivé de ces armures fondamentales dont le poids est compris entre 150 et 250 g/m2. La deuxième couche est quant à elle avantageusement réalisée au moyen d'un tissage selon une armure en toile ou dérivé de toile, de poids compris entre 50 et 150 g/m2.Thus, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in the weft may be slightly less than the number of warp threads for the first and second layer respectively. Furthermore, the first layer can have a weave of plain, twill, satin or derived from these basic weaves, the weight of which is between 150 and 250 g / m 2 . The second layer is for its part advantageously produced by means of a weaving in a plain weave or fabric derivative, with a weight of between 50 and 150 g / m 2 .

Dans une forme préférentielle, le titre des fils du troisième type, exprimé en masse linéique, par exemple en décitex, est inférieur au titre des fils du premier type d'au moins 15%, préférentiellement 20%, voire 25%. Autrement dit, ces fils, qui ont pour fonction de lier les deux couches, à savoir la première et la deuxième face, sont plus fins que ceux de la première face, qui est généralement la face exposée à l'extérieur. De la sorte, on réduit la contribution des fils de liage dans le poids global du textile, dans la mesure où ces fils n'ont pas de rôle dans les fonctions principales du textile que sont la tenue à la température et la protection mécanique. De plus, les fils de liage étant plus fins que les fils de la première face, leur impact sur l'aspect visuel du textile est minimisé. De même, ces fils, ne nuisent pas au comportement au feu et à la chaleur du support textile global. En pratique, ces fils de liage peuvent être de même composition, mais de titre inférieur à ceux de la première couche. Ils peuvent également être de composition différente et de titre inférieur.In a preferred form, the count of the threads of the third type, expressed in linear density, for example in decitex, is less than the count of the threads of the first type by at least 15%, preferably 20%, or even 25%. In other words, these threads, which have the function of binding the two layers, namely the first and the second face, are thinner than those of the first face, which is generally the face exposed to the outside. In this way, the contribution of the binding yarns to the overall weight of the textile is reduced, insofar as these yarns have no role in the main functions of the textile, namely temperature resistance and mechanical protection. In addition, the binding yarns being thinner than the yarns of the first face, their impact on the visual appearance of the textile is minimized. Likewise, these threads do not adversely affect the fire and heat behavior of the overall textile support. In practice, these binding yarns can be of the same composition, but of lower titre than those of the first layer. They can also be of different composition and of lower titre.

Avantageusement, la première composition, présente sur la face externe, peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de méta-aramide, de polyamide-imide les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres cellulosiques ignifugées ou non et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres.Advantageously, the first composition, present on the external face, can be chosen from the group comprising the fibers of meta-aramid, of polyamide-imide, of modacrylic fibers, of the cellulose fibers, flame retardant or not, and of the mixtures obtained from these fibers. .

En d'autres termes, la première composition des fils formant la première couche présente de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la flamme et à la chaleur, permettant d'utiliser un tel textile dans des conditions extrêmes, et notamment pour permettre la réalisation de vêtements de personnes pouvant être amenées à lutter contre les incendies, telles que des pompiers notamment. En outre, le choix des matières constituant cette première composition permet à cette dernière d'obtenir des caractéristiques optimales de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage, à la fibrillation et de tenue coloristique et mécanique aux rayonnements notamment UV, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés textiles et une coloration adaptée à l'usage.In other words, the first composition of the yarns forming the first layer has good flame and heat resistance properties, making it possible to use such a textile under extreme conditions, and in particular to allow the production of high-quality clothing. people who may be required to fight fires, such as firefighters in particular. In addition, the choice of materials constituting this first composition allows the latter to obtain optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance to radiation, in particular UV, while maintaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.

Bien entendu, une telle liste de fibres n'est pas exhaustive et l'invention ne se limite pas à ce type de fils pour former la première couche du textile.Of course, such a list of fibers is not exhaustive and the invention is not limited to this type of yarn for forming the first layer of the textile.

En pratique, les fils agencés en chaîne et en trame de la première couche peuvent être de même nature. De cette manière, la face endroit du textile double couches présente une uniformité visuelle en termes d'aspect et/ou de coloris.In practice, the threads arranged in the warp and in the weft of the first layer may be of the same type. In this way, the front side of the double-layered textile exhibits visual uniformity in terms of appearance and / or color.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la deuxième composition, présente sur la face interne uniquement, peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de para-aramide, de polybenzimidazole, de poly(p-phénylène-2,6-benzobisoxazole) et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres.According to a particular embodiment, the second composition, present on the internal face only, can be chosen from the group comprising the para-aramid, polybenzimidazole, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers and the fibers. mixtures obtained from these fibers.

Dans ce cas, les fils de la couche interne sont en partie réalisés dans un matériau garantissant de d'excellentes propriétés thermiques notamment de résistance à la chaleur et/ou d'excellentes performances mécaniques. Par ailleurs, les fils formant la deuxième couche peuvent présenter de faibles résistances aux rayonnements notamment UV et/ou aux lavages, ils sont en effet protégés et rendus invisibles par le tissage serré des fils constituant la première couche.In this case, the threads of the internal layer are partly made of a material guaranteeing excellent thermal properties, in particular heat resistance and / or excellent mechanical performance. Furthermore, the threads forming the second layer may have low resistance to radiation, in particular UV radiation and / or to washing, in fact they are protected and made invisible by the tight weaving of the threads constituting the first layer.

Avantageusement la troisième composition peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de méta-aramide, de polyamide-imide, les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres cellulosiques ignifugées ou non, les fibres de polyester ou de polyamide ignifugé, et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibresAdvantageously, the third composition can be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid and polyamide-imide fibers, modacrylic fibers, flame-retardant or non-flame-retardant cellulose fibers, flame-retardant polyester or polyamide fibers, and mixtures obtained from of these fibers

Avantageusement, les fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche peuvent être de nature différente des fils de trame de la deuxième couche. Autrement dit, les fils de trame et les fils de chaîne constituant la seconde couche peuvent être de nature différente. Ils peuvent ainsi également comporter des aspects et/ou des couleurs distincts l'un de l'autre. Un tel mode de réalisation n'est cependant pas gênant car ces fils sont invisibles au niveau de la face endroit du textile à double couches.Advantageously, the warp threads of the second layer can be of a different nature from the weft threads of the second layer. In other words, the weft yarns and the warp yarns constituting the second layer may be of a different nature. They can thus also include aspects and / or colors distinct from one another. Such an embodiment is however not a problem since these threads are invisible at the level of the face of the double-layered textile.

DESCRIPTION SOMMAIRE DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

La manière de réaliser l'invention, ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront bien de la description du mode de réalisation qui suit, donné à titre indicatif, et non limitatif, à l'appui de l'unique figure annexée, qui est une représentation schématique en coupe dans le sens chaine d'un textile conforme à l'invention.The manner of carrying out the invention, as well as the advantages which result therefrom, will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiment which follows, given by way of indication, and not limiting, in support of the single appended figure, which is a schematic sectional representation in the chain direction of a textile according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Comme déjà évoqué, l'invention concerne un textile double couche formé par le tissage de deux couches intimement liées entre elles par des points de liage.As already mentioned, the invention relates to a double-layer textile formed by the weaving of two layers intimately linked together by tie points.

Tel que représenté à la figure, un tel textile 1 comporte ainsi une première couche 2 formée par le tissage de fils agencés à la fois en chaîne et en trame selon une première composition de fils. Il comporte également une deuxième couche 3 formée par le tissage en chaîne et en trame de fils de compositions distinctes de la première composition. La coupe selon la figure peut être notamment réalisée dans le sens chaîne du textile, et par conséquent un fil de liage 4 de la chaîne permet de lier ponctuellement les fils 8, 9 de la deuxième couche 3 avec les fils de la première couche 2. Un tel fil de liage 4 forme alors une boucle 5 autour d'un fil de trame 6 de la première couche 2. Avantageusement, cette boucle 5 peut être réalisée en-dessous d'un fil de chaîne 7 de la première couche 2. Un tel agencement permet en effet de rendre moins visible le fil de chaîne 4 au niveau de la face endroit du textile double couches 1 correspondant à la face extérieure de la première couche 2. As shown in the figure, such a textile 1 thus comprises a first layer 2 formed by the weaving of threads arranged both in the warp and in the weft according to a first composition of threads. It also comprises a second layer 3 formed by the warp and weft weaving of threads of compositions distinct from the first composition. The cut according to the figure can be carried out in particular in the textile warp direction, and consequently a binding thread 4 of the warp makes it possible to punctually bind the threads 8, 9 of the second layer 3 with the threads of the first layer 2. Such a binding thread 4 then forms a loop 5 around a weft thread 6 of the first layer 2. Advantageously, this loop 5 can be produced below a warp thread 7 of the first layer 2. A Phone This arrangement makes it possible to make the warp yarn 4 less visible at the level of the front face of the double-layered textile 1 corresponding to the outer face of the first layer 2.

Comme décrit précédemment les fils de liage 4 font partie de la troisième composition. Les fils 6,7 de la première couche font partie de la première composition. Complémentairement, Les fils de chaine 9 qui forment le fond de la deuxième couche travaillent principalement avec les fils de trame 8 similaires de la même couche. Ces fils font partie de la deuxième composition.As described above, the binding threads 4 form part of the third composition. The 6,7 threads of the first layer are part of the first composition. Additionally, the warp threads 9 which form the bottom of the second layer work mainly with similar weft threads 8 of the same layer. These threads are part of the second composition.

Par ailleurs, et tel que représenté, le nombre de fils de trame de la première couche 2 est supérieur au nombre de fils de trame de la deuxième couche 3. Furthermore, and as shown, the number of weft threads of the first layer 2 is greater than the number of weft threads of the second layer 3.

EXEMPLES DE REALISATIONEXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION

Deux exemples de réalisation de construction d'un tel textile double couches sont donnés à titre d'illustration non limitative.Two examples of construction of such a double-layered textile are given by way of non-limiting illustration.

Exemple 1 :Example 1:

Selon cet exemple, un textile double couche peut comporter une première couche formée par un tissage selon une armure dérivée d'un sergé 2/1 d'un poids de 165 g/m2. La densité des fils de chaîne de cette première couche peut être de 32,4 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être égale à 22,5 fils par centimètre. Cette première couche est avantageusement composée exclusivement en chaîne et en trame du même fil comportant 93% de fibres de méta-aramide teint dans la masse, 5% de fibres de para-aramide teint dans la masse et 2% de fibres antistatiques. Un tel fil peut être réalisé par l'assemblage de plusieurs filés de fibres réunis ou assemblés par retordage. Avantageusement, ce fil peut être composé de deux filés dont le numéro métrique est 70. Un tel fil peut donc être qualifié par un numéro métrique Nm d'une valeur de 70/2, soit 285 dtex.According to this example, a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by a weaving according to a weave derived from a 2/1 twill with a weight of 165 g / m 2 . The density of the warp threads of this first layer may be 32.4 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 22.5 threads per centimeter. This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 93% of mass-dyed meta-aramid fibers, 5% of mass-dyed para-aramid fibers and 2% of antistatic fibers. Such a yarn can be produced by assembling several yarns of fibers brought together or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, this yarn can be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 70. Such a yarn can therefore be qualified by a metric number Nm with a value of 70/2, ie 285 dtex.

Selon cet exemple, la deuxième couche peut quant à elle être formée par le tissage d'un tissu selon une armure toile d'un poids de 85 g/m2. La densité des fils agencés dans le sens chaîne de cette deuxième couche peut être de 16,2 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils agencés dans le sens trame peut être de 11,3 fils par centimètre.According to this example, the second layer may for its part be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 85 g / m 2 . The density of the threads arranged in the warp direction of this second layer may be 16.2 threads per centimeter and the density of the threads arranged in the weft direction may be 11.3 threads per centimeter.

Une telle deuxième couche peut par ailleurs comporter dans le sens de la chaîne au moins deux sortes de fils. Une première sorte de fils de chaîne peut être à base de fibres 100% de para-aramides, de numéro métrique Nm 50/2, soit 400 dtex, et une seconde sorte de fils de chaîne peut être un mélange de 50% de fibres d'aramides avec 50% de fibres de viscose ignifugées présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 45, soit 222 dtex. Par ailleurs, les fils de la trame de cette seconde couche peuvent être des fils comportant 100% de fibres para-aramide dont le numéro métrique est Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex.Such a second layer can moreover comprise in the direction of the warp at least two kinds of son. A first kind of warp yarn can be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, with a metric number Nm 50/2, or 400 dtex, and a second kind of warp yarn can be a mixture of 50% dye fibers. 'aramids with 50% flame retardant viscose fibers having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex. Furthermore, the threads of the weft of this second layer can be threads comprising 100% para-aramid fibers, the metric number of which is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.

Le liage ou la liaison entre les deux couches formant le textile double couches se fait lors de l'opération de tissage des deux couches, par exemple au moyen des fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche et plus précisément de la seconde sorte de fils, formés par la composition du troisième type, à base d'un mélange de 50% de fibres d'aramides avec 50% fibres de viscose ignifugées et présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 45, soit 222 dtex. Un tel liage peut être notamment avantageusement combiné avec l'armure de la première couche afin d'en atténuer la visibilité de l'extérieur.The binding or bonding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the warp threads of the second layer and more precisely of the second kind of threads, formed by the composition of the third type, based on a mixture of 50% aramid fibers with 50% flame-retardant viscose fibers and having a metric number of Nm 45, ie 222 dtex. Such a binding can in particular be advantageously combined with the armor of the first layer in order to attenuate its visibility from the outside.

Comme déjà évoqué, un tel textile double couche offre une surface extérieure au niveau de la première couche, suffisamment close pour être utilisée telle une couche extérieure de veste de pompier, permettant notamment de protéger son porteur des projections de produits chimiques.As already mentioned, such a double-layer textile offers an outer surface at the level of the first layer, sufficiently closed to be used as an outer layer of a firefighter's jacket, making it possible in particular to protect the wearer from projections of chemicals.

Le textile double couches ainsi formé possède en outre d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et de protection à la chaleur et aux flammes, et notamment il peut présenter les caractéristiques suivantes:

  • limite à la rupture dans le sens chaîne (ISO13934-1) supérieure à 200daN ;
  • limite à la rupture dans le sens trame (ISO13934-1) supérieure à 200daN ;
  • limite à la déchirure dans le sens chaîne (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 30daN ;
  • limite à la déchirure dans le sens trame (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 30daN ;
  • perte de performances mécaniques en rupture (ISO13934-1) et déchirures (ISO13937-2) après vieillissement artificiel (ISO 105B02) inférieur à 25% ;
  • résistance à l'abrasion (ISO12947-2 12Kpa) supérieure à 40 000 cycles;
  • résistance au boulochage (ISO12945-1) supérieure à 4 à 7000 cycles;
  • un aspect visuel très satisfaisant après 25 cycles de lavages (ISO6330-6N Séchage F), avec une cotation de 4 ou plus selon l'échelle des gris (ISO105A02);
  • une solidité à la lumière artificielle (ISO 105B02) de 5 ou plus pour un tissu de coloris bleu-marine.
The double-layered textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical and heat and flame protection properties, and in particular it can exhibit the following characteristics:
  • breaking limit in the warp direction (ISO13934-1) greater than 200daN;
  • tensile strength in the weft direction (ISO13934-1) greater than 200daN;
  • tearing limit in the warp direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 30daN;
  • tearing limit in the weft direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 30daN;
  • loss of mechanical performance at break (ISO13934-1) and tears (ISO13937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02) less than 25%;
  • abrasion resistance (ISO12947-2 12Kpa) greater than 40,000 cycles;
  • pilling resistance (ISO12945-1) greater than 4 to 7000 cycles;
  • a very satisfactory visual appearance after 25 washing cycles (ISO6330-6N Drying F), with a rating of 4 or more on the gray scale (ISO105A02);
  • an artificial light fastness (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for a navy blue fabric.

Un tel tissu répond aux exigences des normes ISO 14116 (Indice 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN 469.Such a fabric meets the requirements of ISO 14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN 469.

En fonction du choix des coloris de fibres de la face extérieure, un tel tissu peut être réalisé dans de multiples colorations.Depending on the choice of the fiber colors of the outer face, such a fabric can be produced in multiple colorations.

Exemple 2 :Example 2:

Selon cet exemple, un textile double couche peut comporter une première couche formée par un tissage selon une armure sergé 2/1 d'un poids de 195 g/m2. La densité des fils de chaîne de cette première couche peut être de 35,3 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être égale à 21,0 fils par centimètre. Cette première couche est avantageusement composée exclusivement en chaîne et en trame du même fil comportant 60% de fibres de modacrylique et de 40% de fibres de coton. Un tel fil peut être réalisé par l'assemblage de plusieurs filés unitaires réunis ou assemblés par retordage. Avantageusement, ce fil peut être composé de deux filés dont le numéro métrique est 60. Un tel fil est donc qualifié par un numéro métrique Nm d'une valeur 60/2, soit 333 dtex.According to this example, a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by a weaving according to a 2/1 twill weave with a weight of 195 g / m 2 . The density of the warp threads of this first layer may be 35.3 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 21.0 threads per centimeter. This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 60% modacrylic fibers and 40% cotton fibers. Such a yarn can be produced by assembling several unit yarns brought together or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, this yarn can be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 60. Such a yarn is therefore qualified by a metric number Nm with a value of 60/2, ie 333 dtex.

Selon cet exemple, le tissu formant la deuxième couche pourra être quant à lui formé par le tissage d'un tissu selon une armure toile d'un poids de 55 g/m2. La densité de fils de chaîne de cette deuxième couche peut être de 11,8 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être de 7,0 fils par centimètre.According to this example, the fabric forming the second layer may for its part be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 55 g / m 2 . The density of warp threads of this second layer may be 11.8 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 7.0 threads per centimeter.

Une telle deuxième couche peut par ailleurs comporter dans le sens de la chaîne au moins deux sortes de fils. Un première sorte de fils de chaîne peut être à base de fibres 100% de para-aramides, de numéro métrique Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex, et un seconde sorte de fils de chaîne peut être un mélange de 60% de fibres de modacrylique avec 40% de fibres de coton présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 40/1, soit 250 dtex. Par ailleurs, les fils de la trame de cette seconde couche peuvent être formés par des fils comportant 100% de fibres para-aramide dont le numéro métrique est Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex.Such a second layer can moreover comprise in the direction of the warp at least two kinds of son. A first kind of warp yarn can be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, with a metric number Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex, and a second kind of warp yarn can be a mixture of 60% fibers of modacrylic with 40% cotton fibers with a metric number of Nm 40/1, or 250 dtex. Furthermore, the threads of the weft of this second layer can be formed by threads comprising 100% para-aramid fibers, the metric number of which is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.

Le liage entre les deux couches formant le textile double couches se fait lors de l'opération de tissage des deux couches, par exemple au moyen de la seconde sorte de fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche, formés par le mélange de 60% de fibres de modacrylique avec 40% de fibres de coton et présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 40/1, soit 250 dtex.The binding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the second kind of warp yarns of the second layer, formed by the mixture of 60% of fibers. of modacrylic with 40% cotton fibers and having a metric number of Nm 40/1, or 250 dtex.

Le textile double couches ainsi formé possède en outre d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et de protection à la chaleur et aux flammes, et notamment il peut présenter les caractéristiques suivantes:

  • limite à la rupture dans le sens chaîne (ISO13934-1) supérieure à 120daN ;
  • limite à la rupture dans le sens trame (ISO13934-1) supérieure à 120daN ;
  • limite à la déchirure dans le sens chaîne (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 20daN ;
  • limite à la déchirure dans le sens trame (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 20daN ;
  • perte de performances mécaniques en rupture (ISO13934-1) et déchirures (ISO13937-2) après vieillissement artificiel (ISO 105B02) inférieur à 25% ;
  • résistance à l'abrasion (ISO12947-2 12Kpa) supérieure à 30 000 cycles:
  • résistance au boulochage (ISO12945-1) supérieure à 4 à 7000 cycles:
  • un aspect visuel très satisfaisant 25 cycles de lavages (ISO6330-6N Séchage F), avec une cotation de 4 ou plus selon l'échelle des gris (ISO105A02):
  • une solidité à la lumière artificielle (ISO 105B02) de 5 ou plus pour un tissu pour un tissu de coloris autre que des coloris « haute visibilité ».
The double-layered textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical and heat and flame protection properties, and in particular it can exhibit the following characteristics:
  • breaking limit in the warp direction (ISO13934-1) greater than 120daN;
  • tensile strength in the weft direction (ISO13934-1) greater than 120daN;
  • tearing limit in the warp direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 20daN;
  • tearing limit in the weft direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 20daN;
  • loss of mechanical performance at break (ISO13934-1) and tears (ISO13937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02) less than 25%;
  • abrasion resistance (ISO12947-2 12Kpa) greater than 30,000 cycles:
  • pilling resistance (ISO12945-1) greater than 4 to 7000 cycles:
  • a very satisfactory visual appearance 25 washing cycles (ISO6330-6N Drying F), with a rating of 4 or more according to the gray scale (ISO105A02):
  • a fastness to artificial light (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for a fabric for a fabric of colors other than "high visibility" colors.

Un tel tissu répond à toutes les exigences des normes ISO14116 (Indice 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1).Such a fabric meets all the requirements of ISO14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1).

De par le choix des matières composant la face extérieure, le tissu peut présenter sur sa face extérieure une grande variété de nuances de coloris unis, haute visibilité, notamment jaune, orange ou rouge, ou encore imprimé selon des motifs et coloris utilisés en camouflage pour des applications militaires.Due to the choice of the materials composing the outer face, the fabric can present on its outer face a wide variety of shades of plain colors, high visibility, in particular yellow, orange or red, or even printed according to patterns and colors used in camouflage for military applications.

Il ressort de ce qui précède qu'un textile double couches conforme à l'invention présente de nombreux avantages et notamment :

  • il permet de réaliser une surface extérieure fermée et protectrice face aux agressions extérieure;
  • il permet d'employer des matériaux à haute performance mécanique et thermique mais sensibles aux rayonnements et lavages et tirant avantage de leur bénéfices sans en subir leur inconvénients
  • il permet d'optimiser le nombre de fils constituant la seconde couche du textile afin d'optimiser les performances thermiques et mécaniques en limitant son coût.
It emerges from the foregoing that a double-layered textile in accordance with the invention has many advantages and in particular:
  • it makes it possible to create a closed and protective outer surface against external aggressions;
  • it allows the use of materials with high mechanical and thermal performance but sensitive to radiation and washing and taking advantage of their benefits without suffering their disadvantages
  • it makes it possible to optimize the number of threads constituting the second layer of the textile in order to optimize the thermal and mechanical performance while limiting its cost.

Claims (10)

  1. A textile (1) for manufacturing garments for fire protection, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer (2) made up mainly of yarns (6, 7) of a first type and an inner layer (3) made up mainly of yarns (8) of a second type, different from the first type, wherein the yarns (6, 7) of the first type have properties of resistance to degradation of their mechanical and appearance properties, caused by wear and washing, greater than those of the yarns (8) of the second type, and the yarns of the second type have mechanical strength and/or thermal properties greater than those of the yarns of the first type, the inner layer (3) comprising yarns (9) of a third type, different from the yarns (8) of the second type, said yarns of the third type having properties of resistance to the degradation of their appearance properties, with wear and washing, greater than those of the yarns (8) of the second type, said yarns (9) of the third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers (2, 3), and characterized in that the number of warp and/or weft yarns per centimeter of the first layer is greater than the number of warp and/or weft yarns per centimeter of the second layer.
  2. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in warp and/or weft of the first layer is at least one and one-half times greater than the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in warp and/or weft of the second layer.
  3. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in warp for the first layer is between 20 and 50, and the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in warp for the second layer is between 10 and 25.
  4. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in weft for the first layer is between 15 and 30, and the number of yarns per centimeter arranged in weft for the second layer is between 5 and 15.
  5. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the count of the yarns of the third type, expressed in linear density, is lower than the count of the yarns of the first type by at least 15%.
  6. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (6, 7) of the first type have a resistance to the degradation of the mechanical performance under radiation, in particular UV radiation, greater than that of the yarns of the second type.
  7. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (6, 7) of the first type comprise fibers chosen from among the group including meta-aramid fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, cellulosic fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers.
  8. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (8) of the second type comprise fibers chosen from among the group including para-aramid fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers.
  9. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (9) of the third type comprise fibers chosen from among the group including meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide, modacrylic fibers, cellulosic fibers, flame-resistant or not, polyester or flame-resistant polyamide fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers.
  10. The textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the two layers are secured during their weaving operation.
EP15832816.1A 2014-12-23 2015-12-21 Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection Active EP3237659B1 (en)

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SI201531702T SI3237659T1 (en) 2014-12-23 2015-12-21 Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection
PL15832816T PL3237659T3 (en) 2014-12-23 2015-12-21 Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1463264A FR3030583B1 (en) 2014-12-23 2014-12-23 TEXTILE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST FIRE
PCT/FR2015/053699 WO2016102873A1 (en) 2014-12-23 2015-12-21 Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection

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JP6873683B2 (en) * 2016-12-16 2021-05-19 帝人株式会社 Three-layer woven knit and textile products
DE202018101168U1 (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-03-09 Certoplast Technische Klebebänder Gmbh duct tape
DE102018203761B3 (en) * 2018-03-13 2019-02-21 Ibena Textilwerke Gmbh Double fabric made of flame retardant fibers
DK3997264T3 (en) 2019-07-12 2023-08-28 Aw Hainsworth And Sons Ltd Fire-retardant textile material
JPWO2021085097A1 (en) * 2019-10-31 2021-05-06

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JP2686868B2 (en) * 1991-11-13 1997-12-08 東レ株式会社 Waterproof protective cloth and work clothes and rider suit
AT404142B (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-08-25 Tiroler Loden Gmbh FABRIC FOR PRODUCING CLOTHING AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A FABRIC
US6974785B1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2005-12-13 Bacou-Dailoz Protective Apparel Outer shell fabric for fire protective garments for firefighters and for workers exposed to risk of flash fire or electric arc
JP2001348754A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-12-21 Unitica Fibers Ltd High-density woven fabric
FR2822855B1 (en) 2001-03-29 2003-06-20 Europrotect France REINFORCED FABRIC
DE10322838B3 (en) 2003-05-19 2004-08-19 Sedac-Mecobel S.A. Folding frame for sofabed has carrier franework supporting lifting framework for bed frame having fold-down support legs and relatively pivoted seat carrier and backrest carrier
CA2618266C (en) * 2005-08-09 2014-01-28 Teijin Techno Products Limited Two-layer fabric and heat-resistant protective clothing containing the same
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WO2008114285A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-25 Area 52 S.R.L. Fire-proof fabric
US20120244772A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Barrday Inc. Multilayer fabric platform designed for flame and thermal protection

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BR112017013578A2 (en) 2018-06-19
EP3237659A1 (en) 2017-11-01
FR3030583B1 (en) 2017-06-16
SI3237659T1 (en) 2021-11-30
CN107109719A (en) 2017-08-29
FR3030583A1 (en) 2016-06-24
PT3237659T (en) 2021-09-16
JP2018500477A (en) 2018-01-11
DK3237659T3 (en) 2021-09-20
PL3237659T3 (en) 2021-12-13
BR112017013578B1 (en) 2022-01-04
JP7118643B2 (en) 2022-08-16

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