EP3237659A1 - Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection - Google Patents

Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection

Info

Publication number
EP3237659A1
EP3237659A1 EP15832816.1A EP15832816A EP3237659A1 EP 3237659 A1 EP3237659 A1 EP 3237659A1 EP 15832816 A EP15832816 A EP 15832816A EP 3237659 A1 EP3237659 A1 EP 3237659A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
type
layer
fibers
son
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15832816.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3237659B1 (en
Inventor
Sébastien Chatard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Europrotect France SA
Original Assignee
Europrotect France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Europrotect France SA filed Critical Europrotect France SA
Priority to PL15832816T priority Critical patent/PL3237659T3/en
Priority to SI201531702T priority patent/SI3237659T1/en
Publication of EP3237659A1 publication Critical patent/EP3237659A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3237659B1 publication Critical patent/EP3237659B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/43—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with differing diameters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D10B2321/101—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide modacrylic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of textiles used for the manufacture of fireproof and heat resistant clothing. It relates more specifically to textiles obtained from fibers known to have good properties of resistance to heat and / or flame. It relates more particularly to textiles obtained by the intimate bonding of two textile layers of distinct compositions having complementary properties. Such intimate binding of the two layers is generally achieved by means of warp or weft threads of one of the layers punctually making a binding loop around a warp or weft thread of the other layer of the textile.
  • textile materials sold in the form of fibers or multi-filaments with very high mechanical and / or thermal performance but which have major disadvantages when used on the outer face of clothing. We speak here of deterioration of the performances with the radiations notably UV or of deterioration of aspect with the use and the washings notably by fibrillation.
  • the applicant has described in EP 1 373 617 a particular structure of textiles used for the manufacture of protective clothing for fire-fighting personnel.
  • These textiles are generally composed of two types of yarns, namely on the one hand meta-aramid-based yarns known for their heat resistance and their good textile features, present on the locus face, and on the other hand para- aramid yarns, used for their better mechanical resistance, mainly present on the reverse side.
  • One of the objectives of the invention is to modify such an arrangement so as to make it possible to produce a double-layer textile, one of the layers of which is substantially closed, thereby guaranteeing good protection against the external aggressions of the textile thus formed, and in particular a good protection. to projections of chemicals in particular.
  • Another objective is to produce a double-layer textile whose face has a good textile behavior, that is to say optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance, radiation including UV, while retaining good textile properties and a color suitable for use.
  • Another objective is to be able to use materials with high mechanical performance and in a complementary manner thermal but which have major disadvantages when used on the outer face, ensuring that they are present exclusively in one of the two layers of the textile and thus contributing to fully bring their mechanical and thermal advantages without the inconveniences that could result from their presence in the outer face. Due to their high mechanical and / or thermal performance, the layer containing these materials does not need to be as dense as the layer that provides protection against external aggressions and is optimized according to a mechanical performance ratio and / or thermal vis-à-vis cost of the textile.
  • the invention therefore relates to a textile for the manufacture of fire protection clothing, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer composed mainly of son of a first type and an inner layer composed mainly of son of a second type distinct from the first type, in which the yarns of the first type have properties of resistance to the degradation of their mechanical properties and of appearance with use and washing greater than those of the yarns of the second type, and the yarns of the second type having higher strength and / or thermal properties than those of the first type.
  • this textile is characterized in that the inner layer comprises son of a third type, different from the son of the second type, these son of the third type having resistance properties to the degradation of their properties. aspect to use and washing greater than those of the son of the second type, said son of the third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a double-layer textile having characteristics of fire resistance and heat in particular.
  • such a textile comprises firstly, a first flame retarded layer having good textile properties, thanks to good resistance to washing and use, as well as abrasion resistance characteristics pilling and fribution , a coloration adapted to the use which forms the exposed face of the garment, and secondly, a second layer formed inter alia in a material with high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal forming the inner face of the garment.
  • This first fire-resistant layer can thus be considered as non-flammable and thermostable, in particular according to the ISO 14116 standard for which a level 3 index can be reached. According to this test, after applying the flame, the fabric must not show flame spread, inflamed debris, hole formation and flame persistence longer than 2 seconds.
  • the high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal material used in the inner layer has significantly higher performances than the material used in the outer layer, thus conferring on the fabric a much better mechanical strength performance, particularly in terms of breaking and tearing, or advantageously a protection against radiant and convective heat much higher than one could have achieved without the use of such a material.
  • the invention therefore relates to a double-layer textile having a first flame retardant layer having good abrasion resistance, pilling and lubrication, a color suitable for use.
  • This layer is formed in warp and weft by weaving threads of a first composition.
  • This textile comprises a second layer formed on the one hand in a material having high mechanical and / or thermal performance and obtained by warp and weft weaving of yarns of a second composition distinct from the first composition, and other part of a third composition which is punctually linked with the son of the first layer to allow to intimately join together the first and second layers of the textile.
  • Such a double-layered textile thus has a face that is easy to decline at the coloristic level in particular and a reverse side comprising a material with high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal.
  • the material having high mechanical and / or thermal performance is present exclusively on one and only one layer, and more precisely the back side.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the second layer.
  • the density in number of threads of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer.
  • the rear face has two populations of son, namely first son high mechanical and / or thermal performance, used as background son, and second son used as bonding son of the two layers, and the characteristics are at least to present a coloration similar to the outer layer, good behavior in use, including coloristic behavior to UV radiation and washes and not to degrade the fire behavior and heat of the textile support .
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the first layer may be at least one and a half times greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the second layer.
  • the warp and / or weft density of the yarns of the first layer is at least 1.5 times greater than the density of the weft and / or warp yarns of the second layer.
  • the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the first layer is 1.5 times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the second layer and that the number of threads per centimeter in warp the first layer is three times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the chain of the second layer.
  • the number of threads per cm arranged in a warp of the first layer may be between 20 and 50
  • the number of threads per cm arranged in a warp of the second layer may be between 10 and 25.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a weft of the first layer may be between 15 and 30, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a weft of the second layer may be between 5 and 15.
  • the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a frame may be slightly less than the number of warp threads for the first and the second layer, respectively.
  • the first layer may have armor of the canvas, twill, satin or derived from these basic armor whose weight is between 150 and 250 g / m 2 .
  • the second layer is advantageously carried out by means of a weave in a linen or canvas-derived weave, weighing between 50 and 150 g / m 2 .
  • the titer of the yarns of the third type expressed in linear density, for example in decitex, is less than the title of the yarns of the first type by at least 15%, preferably 20% or even 25%.
  • these threads which function to bind the two layers, namely the first and the second face, are thinner than those of the first face, which is usually the face exposed to the outside.
  • the contribution of the binding yarns in the overall weight of the textile is reduced, insofar as these yarns have no role in the main functions of the textile which are the resistance to temperature and mechanical protection.
  • the binding son being thinner than the son of the first face, their impact on the visual appearance of the textile is minimized.
  • these yarns do not harm the fire and heat behavior of the overall textile support.
  • these binding yarns may be of the same composition, but with a lower titre than those of the first layer. They can also be of different composition and lower title.
  • the first composition, present on the outer face may be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide, modacrylic fibers, flame retarded cellulosic fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers. .
  • the first composition of the son forming the first layer has good flame and heat resistance properties, making it possible to use such a textile under extreme conditions, and in particular to allow the production of clothing of people who may have to fight against fires, such as firefighters.
  • the choice of materials constituting this first composition allows the latter to obtain optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance to UV radiation, while retaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.
  • the son arranged in warp and weft of the first layer may be of the same nature.
  • the face of the double-layered textile has a visual uniformity in terms of appearance and / or color.
  • the second composition, present on the inner surface only may be chosen from the group comprising the fibers of para-aramid, polybenzimidazole, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) and the mixtures obtained from these fibers.
  • the son of the inner layer are partly made of a material that guarantees excellent thermal properties including heat resistance and / or excellent mechanical performance.
  • the son forming the second layer may have low resistance to radiation including UV and / or washing, they are indeed protected and made invisible by the tight weaving son constituting the first layer.
  • the third composition may be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, modacrylic fibers, flame retarded or non-flame-resistant cellulosic fibers, polyester or flame-retarded polyamide fibers, and blends obtained from of these fibers
  • the warp son of the second layer may be different in nature from the weft son of the second layer.
  • the weft yarns and the warp yarns constituting the second layer may be of a different nature. They can also include aspects and / or colors distinct from each other. Such an embodiment is however not troublesome because these son are invisible at the face of the double-layer textile.
  • the invention relates to a double-layer textile formed by the weaving of two layers intimately bound together by binding points.
  • such a textile 1 thus comprises a first layer 2 formed by the weaving of son arranged both in warp and weft according to a first son composition. It also comprises a second layer 3 formed by the warp and weft weaving of son of compositions distinct from the first composition.
  • the section according to the figure can be made in particular in the warp direction of the textile, and consequently a binding yarn 4 of the chain makes it possible to bind the yarns 8, 9 of the second layer 3 with the threads of the first layer 2.
  • Such binding yarn 4 then forms a loop 5 around a weft yarn 6 of the first layer 2.
  • this loop 5 can be made beneath a warp 7 of the first layer 2. such This arrangement makes it possible to make the warp yarn 4 less visible at the level of the surface of the double-layer textile 1 corresponding to the outer face of the first layer 2.
  • the binding yarns 4 are part of the third composition.
  • the wires 6.7 of the first layer are part of the first composition.
  • the warp threads 9 which form the bottom of the second layer work mainly with similar weft threads 8 of the same layer. These threads are part of the second composition.
  • the number of weft threads of the first layer 2 is greater than the number of weft threads of the second layer 3.
  • a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by weaving in a weave derived from a 2/1 twill with a weight of 165 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the warp yarns of this first layer may be 32.4 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 22.5 threads per centimeter.
  • This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same thread comprising 93% meta-aramid fibers dyed in the mass, 5% of para-aramid fibers dyed in the mass and 2% of antistatic fibers.
  • Such a yarn can be made by assembling several yarns of fibers joined or assembled by twisting.
  • this thread may be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 70. Such a yarn may therefore be qualified by a metric number Nm of a value of 70/2, ie 285 dtex.
  • the second layer may itself be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave weighing 85 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the yarns arranged in the warp direction of this second layer may be 16.2 threads per centimeter and the density of the yarns arranged in the weft direction may be 11.3 threads per centimeter.
  • Such a second layer may further comprise in the sense of the chain at least two kinds of son.
  • a first kind of warp yarn may be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, of metric number Nm 50/2, ie 400 dtex, and a second kind of warp yarn may be a mixture of 50% of fibers. of aramids with 50%> flame retarded viscose fibers having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex.
  • the son of the weft of this second layer may be son having 100% para-aramid fibers whose metric number is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
  • the bonding or bonding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the warp threads of the second layer and more specifically of the second kind of son, formed by the composition of the third type, based on a mixture of 50%> aramid fibers with 50%> flame retarded viscose fibers and having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex.
  • Such binding may be particularly advantageously combined with the armor of the first layer to reduce the visibility of the outside.
  • such a double-layered textile provides an outer surface at the level of the first layer, sufficiently closed to be used as an outer layer of firefighter's jacket, in particular to protect the wearer from chemical splashes.
  • the double-layer textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical properties and protection against heat and flame, and in particular it may have the following characteristics:
  • Such a fabric meets the requirements of ISO 14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN 469.
  • such a fabric can be made in multiple colorations.
  • a double layer fabric may comprise a first layer formed by weaving in a 2/1 twill weave with a weight of 195 g / m 2 .
  • the density of the warp yarns of this first layer may be 35.3 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 21.0 threads per centimeter.
  • This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 60% of modacrylic fibers and 40%> of cotton fibers.
  • Such a wire can be made by assembling several unitary yarns joined together or assembled by twisting.
  • this thread may be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 60. Such a yarn is therefore qualified by a metric number Nm of a value 60/2, ie 333 dtex.
  • the fabric forming the second layer may be formed by the weaving of a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 55 g / m 2 .
  • the warp density of this second layer may be 11.8 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 7.0 threads per centimeter.
  • Such a second layer may further comprise in the sense of the chain at least two kinds of son.
  • a first kind of warp yarn may be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, of metric number Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex
  • a second kind of warp yarn may be a mixture of 60% of staple fibers. modacrylic with 40%> cotton fibers having a metric number of Nm 40/1, ie 250 dtex.
  • the son of the weft of this second layer may be formed by son having 100% para- aramid fibers whose metric number is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
  • the bonding between the two layers forming the double-layer textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the second kind of warp yarns of the second layer, formed by the mixture of 60%> of modacrylic fibers with 40%> cotton fibers and having a metric number of Nm 40/1, ie 250 dtex.
  • the double-layer textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical properties and protection against heat and flame, and in particular it may have the following characteristics:
  • an artificial light fastness (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for a fabric for a fabric of color other than "high visibility" colors.
  • Such a fabric meets all the requirements of IS014116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1).
  • the fabric may have on its outer face a wide variety of shades of plain colors, high visibility, including yellow, orange or red, or printed patterns and colors used in camouflage for military applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fabric (1) for manufacturing garments for fire protection, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer (2), made up mainly of threads (6, 7) of a first type, and an inner layer (3), made up mainly of threads (8) of a second type different from the first type, wherein the threads (6, 7) of the first type have resistance to degradation, caused by wear and washing, of the appearance properties thereof which is greater than that of the threads (8) of the second type, and the threads of the second type have mechanical tearing strength properties which are greater than those of the threads of the first type, characterised in that the inner layer (3) comprises threads (9) of a third type which are different from the threads (8) of the second type, the threads of the third type having a resistance to the degradation, caused by wear and washing, of the appearance properties thereof which is greater than that of the threads (8) of the second type, said threads (9) of the third type also working with the outer surface in order to ensure the binding of the two layers (2, 3), and in that the number of threads per centimetre arranged in the warp and/or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimetre arranged in the warp and/or weft of the second layer.

Description

TEXTILE POUR LA FABRICATION DE VETEMENTS DE PROTECTION CONTRE LE FEU TEXTILE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PROTECTIVE CLOTHING AGAINST FIRE
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des textiles employés pour la fabrication des vêtements résistants au feu et à la chaleur. Elle concerne plus spécifiquement des textiles obtenus à partir de fibres connues pour présenter de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la chaleur et/ou à la flamme. Elle vise plus particulièrement des textiles obtenus par le liage intime de deux couches textiles de compositions distinctes présentant des propriétés complémentaires. Un tel liage intime des deux couches est généralement réalisé au moyen de fils de chaîne ou de trame d'une des couches effectuant ponctuellement une boucle de liage autour d'un fil de chaîne ou de trame de l'autre couche du textile. The present invention relates to the field of textiles used for the manufacture of fireproof and heat resistant clothing. It relates more specifically to textiles obtained from fibers known to have good properties of resistance to heat and / or flame. It relates more particularly to textiles obtained by the intimate bonding of two textile layers of distinct compositions having complementary properties. Such intimate binding of the two layers is generally achieved by means of warp or weft threads of one of the layers punctually making a binding loop around a warp or weft thread of the other layer of the textile.
ETAT ANTÉRIEUR DE LA TECHNIQUE PRIOR STATE OF THE ART
Il existe des matériaux textiles employés pour réaliser des couches extérieures de vêtements de protection qui confèrent à cette couche textile de bonnes performances de tenues à l'abrasion, au boulochage, une bonne tenue coloristique et mécanique au rayonnement notamment UV ainsi qu'une coloration adaptée à l'usage. Même si ces matériaux présentent en outre de bonnes performances mécaniques et thermiques, il s'avère que pour des applications bien particulières, telles que l'usage en tant que couche extérieure de tenue de protection pour la lutte contre l'incendie des pompiers par exemple, ces performances mécaniques et thermiques sont insuffisantes There are textile materials used to produce outer layers of protective clothing which give this textile layer good performance of resistance to abrasion, pilling, good coloristic and mechanical behavior to radiation including UV and a suitable coloring in use. Even if these materials have in addition good mechanical and thermal performance, it turns out that for very particular applications, such as the use as an outer layer of protective clothing for firefighting firefighters for example these mechanical and thermal performances are insufficient
Il existe par ailleurs des matériaux textiles, commercialisés sous forme de fibres ou multi- filaments à très hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques mais qui présentent des inconvénients majeurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en face extérieure de vêtement. On parle ici de dégradation des performances aux rayonnements notamment UV ou de dégradation d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages notamment par fîbrillation. Le Demandeur a décrit dans le document EP 1 373 617 une structure particulière de textiles employés pour la fabrication de vêtements de protection destinés à des personnels de lutte contre le feu. Ces textiles sont globalement composés de deux types de fils, à savoir d'une part des fils à base de méta-aramide connus pour leur résistance à la chaleur et leur bon comportent textile, présents sur la face endroit, et d'autre part des fils de para- aramide, employés pour leur meilleure résistance mécanique, présents principalement sur la face envers. Le liage de ces deux types de fils se fait par un travail des fils de para- aramide avec la face endroit, de sorte que, bien que principalement présent sur la face envers, les fils de para-aramide sont visibles ponctuellement sur la face avant. S'ils sont satisfaisants d'un point de vue tenue mécanique, les fils de para-aramide ont pour inconvénient d'évoluer en couleur au fur et à mesure de l'utilisation et des lavages, et deviennent donc de plus en plus apparents avec le temps, phénomène appelé fïbrillation, qui n'est pas très esthétique. There are also textile materials, sold in the form of fibers or multi-filaments with very high mechanical and / or thermal performance but which have major disadvantages when used on the outer face of clothing. We speak here of deterioration of the performances with the radiations notably UV or of deterioration of aspect with the use and the washings notably by fibrillation. The applicant has described in EP 1 373 617 a particular structure of textiles used for the manufacture of protective clothing for fire-fighting personnel. These textiles are generally composed of two types of yarns, namely on the one hand meta-aramid-based yarns known for their heat resistance and their good textile features, present on the locus face, and on the other hand para- aramid yarns, used for their better mechanical resistance, mainly present on the reverse side. The binding of these two types of son is done by a work of the para- aramid son with the face place, so that, although mainly present on the back side, the para-aramid son are visible punctually on the front face . If they are satisfactory from a mechanical strength point of view, para-aramid yarns have the disadvantage of changing in color as and when used and washes, and therefore become more apparent with time, a phenomenon called fibrillation, which is not very aesthetic.
Parallèlement, il est connu de réaliser des textiles double couche comme notamment décrits dans les documents EP 1 479 323 ou WO 01/64985. Les textiles décrits dans ces documents présentent des fils de compositions différentes appartenant chacun à une couche, avec des liaisons ponctuelles ou géométriques entre la première et la seconde couche. In parallel, it is known to produce double-layer textiles as described in particular in documents EP 1 479 323 or WO 01/64985. The textiles described in these documents have son of different compositions each belonging to a layer, with point or geometric links between the first and the second layer.
Cependant, de tels textiles double couche présentent une densité de fils identique entre les couches supérieure et inférieure. Par densité, il faut comprendre que le nombre de fils par unité de longueur, par exemple le centimètre, est identique entre la première et la seconde couche du textile. Une telle construction est problématique car elle conduit à des textiles dont chacune des deux couches possède un poids par unité de surface similaire. However, such double layer fabrics have the same yarn density between the upper and lower layers. By density, it should be understood that the number of threads per unit length, for example the centimeter, is identical between the first and the second layer of the textile. Such a construction is problematic because it leads to textiles each of which has a similar weight per unit area.
EXPOSE DE L'INVENTION SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Un des objectifs de l'invention est de modifier un tel agencement de façon à permettre de réaliser un textile double couches dont l'une des couches est sensiblement fermée garantissant ainsi une bonne protection face aux agressions extérieures du textile ainsi formé et notamment une bonne protection aux projections de produits chimiques notamment. Un autre objectif est de réaliser un textile double couches dont la face endroit possède un bon comportement textile, c'est-à-dire des caractéristiques optimales de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage, à la fîbrillation et de tenue coloristique et mécanique, aux rayonnements notamment UV, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés textiles et une coloration adaptée à l'usage. One of the objectives of the invention is to modify such an arrangement so as to make it possible to produce a double-layer textile, one of the layers of which is substantially closed, thereby guaranteeing good protection against the external aggressions of the textile thus formed, and in particular a good protection. to projections of chemicals in particular. Another objective is to produce a double-layer textile whose face has a good textile behavior, that is to say optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance, radiation including UV, while retaining good textile properties and a color suitable for use.
Un autre objectif est de pouvoir utiliser des matériaux à hautes performances mécaniques et de manière complémentaire thermiques mais qui présentent des inconvénients majeurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés en face extérieure, en s'assurant qu'ils soient présent exclusivement dans une des deux couches du textile et contribuant ainsi à apporter pleinement leurs avantages mécaniques et thermiques sans les inconvénients qui pourraient résulter de leur présence en face extérieure. Du fait de leurs hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques, la couche contenant ces matériaux ne nécessite pas d'être aussi dense que la couche qui assure la protection face aux agressions extérieures et est optimisée en fonction d'un ratio performances mécanique et/ou thermique vis-à-vis coût du textile. Another objective is to be able to use materials with high mechanical performance and in a complementary manner thermal but which have major disadvantages when used on the outer face, ensuring that they are present exclusively in one of the two layers of the textile and thus contributing to fully bring their mechanical and thermal advantages without the inconveniences that could result from their presence in the outer face. Due to their high mechanical and / or thermal performance, the layer containing these materials does not need to be as dense as the layer that provides protection against external aggressions and is optimized according to a mechanical performance ratio and / or thermal vis-à-vis cost of the textile.
L'invention concerne donc un textile pour la fabrication de vêtements de protection contre le feu, comportant deux couches tissées, à savoir une couche externe composée majoritairement de fils d'un premier type et une couche interne composée majoritairement de fils d'un deuxième type distinct du premier type, dans lequel les fils du premier type présentent des propriétés de résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés mécaniques et d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieures à celles des fils du deuxième type, et les fils du deuxième type ayant des propriétés de résistance mécanique et/ou thermique supérieures à celles des fils du premier type. The invention therefore relates to a textile for the manufacture of fire protection clothing, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer composed mainly of son of a first type and an inner layer composed mainly of son of a second type distinct from the first type, in which the yarns of the first type have properties of resistance to the degradation of their mechanical properties and of appearance with use and washing greater than those of the yarns of the second type, and the yarns of the second type having higher strength and / or thermal properties than those of the first type.
Conformément à l'invention, ce textile se caractérise en ce que la couche interne comporte des fils d'un troisième type, différents des fils du deuxième type, ces fils du troisième type présentant des propriétés de résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieures à celles des fils du deuxième type, lesdits fils du troisième type travaillant également avec la face externe pour assurer le liage des deux couches. Autrement dit, l'invention vise plus particulièrement un textile double couche présentant des caractéristiques de résistance au feu et à la chaleur notamment. Ainsi, un tel textile comporte d'une part, une première couche ignifugée présentant des bonnes propriétés textiles, grâce à une bonne tenue aux lavages et à l'usage, ainsi que des caractéristiques de résistance à l'abrasion au boulochage et à la fïbriUation, une coloration adaptée à l'usage qui forme la face exposée du vêtement, et d'autre part, une seconde couche formée entre autre dans un matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques formant la face intérieure du vêtement. According to the invention, this textile is characterized in that the inner layer comprises son of a third type, different from the son of the second type, these son of the third type having resistance properties to the degradation of their properties. aspect to use and washing greater than those of the son of the second type, said son of the third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers. In other words, the invention relates more particularly to a double-layer textile having characteristics of fire resistance and heat in particular. Thus, such a textile comprises firstly, a first flame retarded layer having good textile properties, thanks to good resistance to washing and use, as well as abrasion resistance characteristics pilling and fribution , a coloration adapted to the use which forms the exposed face of the garment, and secondly, a second layer formed inter alia in a material with high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal forming the inner face of the garment.
Cette première couche ignifugée peut ainsi être considérée comme ininflammable et thermostable notamment en application de la norme ISO 14116 pour laquelle un indice niveau 3 peut être atteint. Selon ce test, après une application de la flamme, le tissu ne doit pas présenter de propagation de flamme, de débris enflammés, de formation de trou et de persistance de flamme supérieure à 2 secondes. This first fire-resistant layer can thus be considered as non-flammable and thermostable, in particular according to the ISO 14116 standard for which a level 3 index can be reached. According to this test, after applying the flame, the fabric must not show flame spread, inflamed debris, hole formation and flame persistence longer than 2 seconds.
Le matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques employé en couche interne possède des performances nettement plus élevées que le matériau utilisé dans la couche externe, conférant ainsi au tissu de bien meilleures performances de résistance mécanique notamment à la rupture et à la déchirure ou avantageusement une protection contre la chaleur radiante et convective bien supérieure à ce que l'on aurait pu atteindre sans l'emploi d'un tel matériau. The high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal material used in the inner layer has significantly higher performances than the material used in the outer layer, thus conferring on the fabric a much better mechanical strength performance, particularly in terms of breaking and tearing, or advantageously a protection against radiant and convective heat much higher than one could have achieved without the use of such a material.
En d'autres termes, l'invention concerne donc un textile double couche comportant une première couche ignifugée comportant de bonnes propriétés de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage et à la fïbriUation, une coloration adaptée à l'usage. Cette couche est formée en chaîne et en trame par le tissage de fils d'une première composition. Ce textile comporte une deuxième couche formée d'une part dans un matériau présentant de hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques et obtenue par le tissage en chaîne et en trame de fils d'une deuxième composition distincte de la première composition, et d'autre part d'une troisième composition qui est de manière ponctuelle liée avec les fils de la première couche pour permettre de solidariser intimement entre elles les première et deuxième couches du textile. Un tel textile double couche possède ainsi une face endroit facile à décliner au niveau coloristique notamment et une face envers comprenant un matériau à hautes performances mécaniques et avantageusement thermiques. Ainsi, le matériau présentant de hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques est présent exclusivement sur une et une seule couche, et plus précisément la face envers. In other words, the invention therefore relates to a double-layer textile having a first flame retardant layer having good abrasion resistance, pilling and lubrication, a color suitable for use. This layer is formed in warp and weft by weaving threads of a first composition. This textile comprises a second layer formed on the one hand in a material having high mechanical and / or thermal performance and obtained by warp and weft weaving of yarns of a second composition distinct from the first composition, and other part of a third composition which is punctually linked with the son of the first layer to allow to intimately join together the first and second layers of the textile. Such a double-layered textile thus has a face that is easy to decline at the coloristic level in particular and a reverse side comprising a material with high mechanical performance and advantageously thermal. Thus, the material having high mechanical and / or thermal performance is present exclusively on one and only one layer, and more precisely the back side.
Complémentairement, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche est supérieur au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche. Complementarily, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the second layer.
Autrement dit, en chaîne ou en trame, la densité en nombre de fils de la première couche est supérieure à celle de la deuxième couche. Un tel agencement permet ainsi d'avoir une première couche sensiblement fermée, tandis que la deuxième couche est ouverte ou ajourée. La face arrière présente deux populations de fils, à savoir d'une part des fils à hautes performances mécaniques et/ou thermiques, utilisés comme fils de fond, et d'autre part des fils employés comme fils de liage des deux couches, et dont les caractéristiques sont à minima de présenter une coloration similaire à la couche extérieure, un bon comportement à l'usage, notamment de tenue coloristique aux rayonnements notamment UV et aux lavages et de ne pas dégrader le comportement au feu et à la chaleur du support textile. Ceci permet avantageusement d'avoir des points de liage visibles qui n'altèrent pas l'aspect visuel du tissu sur sa face extérieure lors de son usage. In other words, in warp or weft, the density in number of threads of the first layer is greater than that of the second layer. Such an arrangement thus makes it possible to have a first substantially closed layer, while the second layer is open or perforated. The rear face has two populations of son, namely first son high mechanical and / or thermal performance, used as background son, and second son used as bonding son of the two layers, and the characteristics are at least to present a coloration similar to the outer layer, good behavior in use, including coloristic behavior to UV radiation and washes and not to degrade the fire behavior and heat of the textile support . This advantageously allows to have visible binding points that do not alter the visual appearance of the fabric on its outer face during use.
Avantageusement, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche peut être au moins une fois et demie supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche. Advantageously, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the first layer may be at least one and a half times greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the second layer.
En d'autres termes, la densité en chaîne et/ou en trame des fils de la première couche est au moins 1,5 fois supérieure à la densité des fils en trame et/ou en chaîne de la deuxième couche. Ainsi, il est notamment possible que le nombre de fils par centimètre de la trame de la première couche soit 1,5 fois supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre de la trame de la deuxième couche et que le nombre de fils par centimètre en chaîne de la première couche soit trois fois supérieure au nombre de fils par centimètre de la chaîne de la deuxième couche. En pratique, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la première couche peut être compris entre 20 et 50, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la deuxième couche peut être compris entre 10 et 25. In other words, the warp and / or weft density of the yarns of the first layer is at least 1.5 times greater than the density of the weft and / or warp yarns of the second layer. Thus, it is possible in particular that the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the first layer is 1.5 times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the weft of the second layer and that the number of threads per centimeter in warp the first layer is three times greater than the number of threads per centimeter of the chain of the second layer. In practice, the number of threads per cm arranged in a warp of the first layer may be between 20 and 50, and the number of threads per cm arranged in a warp of the second layer may be between 10 and 25.
Dans ce cas, il est possible de réaliser une première couche suffisamment fermée pour assurer une protection face aux agressions extérieures et notamment aux projections de produits chimiques. Cette protection est donc principalement obtenue par le tissage serré des fils de chaîne et des fils de trame constituant cette première couche. In this case, it is possible to make a first layer sufficiently closed to provide protection against external aggression and in particular splashing chemicals. This protection is therefore mainly obtained by the tight weaving of the warp threads and weft threads constituting this first layer.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la première couche peut être compris entre 15 et 30, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la deuxième couche peut être compris entre 5 et 15. According to one particular embodiment, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a weft of the first layer may be between 15 and 30, and the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a weft of the second layer may be between 5 and 15.
Ainsi, le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame peut être légèrement inférieur au nombre de fils de chaîne pour respectivement la première et la deuxième couche. Par ailleurs, la première couche peut avoir une armure de type toile, sergé, satin ou dérivé de ces armures fondamentales dont le poids est compris entre 150 et 250 g/m2. La deuxième couche est quant à elle avantageusement réalisée au moyen d'un tissage selon une armure en toile ou dérivé de toile, de poids compris entre 50 et 150 g/m2. Thus, the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a frame may be slightly less than the number of warp threads for the first and the second layer, respectively. In addition, the first layer may have armor of the canvas, twill, satin or derived from these basic armor whose weight is between 150 and 250 g / m 2 . The second layer is advantageously carried out by means of a weave in a linen or canvas-derived weave, weighing between 50 and 150 g / m 2 .
Dans une forme préférentielle, le titre des fils du troisième type, exprimé en masse linéique, par exemple en décitex, est inférieur au titre des fils du premier type d'au moins 15%, préférentiellement 20%, voire 25%. Autrement dit, ces fils, qui ont pour fonction de lier les deux couches, à savoir la première et la deuxième face, sont plus fins que ceux de la première face, qui est généralement la face exposée à l'extérieur. De la sorte, on réduit la contribution des fils de liage dans le poids global du textile, dans la mesure où ces fils n'ont pas de rôle dans les fonctions principales du textile que sont la tenue à la température et la protection mécanique. De plus, les fils de liage étant plus fins que les fils de la première face, leur impact sur l'aspect visuel du textile est minimisé. De même, ces fils, ne nuisent pas au comportement au feu et à la chaleur du support textile global. En pratique, ces fils de liage peuvent être de même composition, mais de titre inférieur à ceux de la première couche. Ils peuvent également être de composition différente et de titre inférieur. Avantageusement, la première composition, présente sur la face externe, peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de méta-aramide, de polyamide-imide les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres cellulosiques ignifugées ou non et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres. In a preferred form, the titer of the yarns of the third type, expressed in linear density, for example in decitex, is less than the title of the yarns of the first type by at least 15%, preferably 20% or even 25%. In other words, these threads, which function to bind the two layers, namely the first and the second face, are thinner than those of the first face, which is usually the face exposed to the outside. In this way, the contribution of the binding yarns in the overall weight of the textile is reduced, insofar as these yarns have no role in the main functions of the textile which are the resistance to temperature and mechanical protection. In addition, the binding son being thinner than the son of the first face, their impact on the visual appearance of the textile is minimized. Likewise, these yarns do not harm the fire and heat behavior of the overall textile support. In practice, these binding yarns may be of the same composition, but with a lower titre than those of the first layer. They can also be of different composition and lower title. Advantageously, the first composition, present on the outer face, may be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide, modacrylic fibers, flame retarded cellulosic fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers. .
En d'autres termes, la première composition des fils formant la première couche présente de bonnes propriétés de résistance à la flamme et à la chaleur, permettant d'utiliser un tel textile dans des conditions extrêmes, et notamment pour permettre la réalisation de vêtements de personnes pouvant être amenées à lutter contre les incendies, telles que des pompiers notamment. En outre, le choix des matières constituant cette première composition permet à cette dernière d'obtenir des caractéristiques optimales de résistance à l'abrasion, au boulochage, à la fîbrillation et de tenue coloristique et mécanique aux rayonnements notamment UV, tout en conservant de bonnes propriétés textiles et une coloration adaptée à l'usage. In other words, the first composition of the son forming the first layer has good flame and heat resistance properties, making it possible to use such a textile under extreme conditions, and in particular to allow the production of clothing of people who may have to fight against fires, such as firefighters. In addition, the choice of materials constituting this first composition allows the latter to obtain optimum characteristics of resistance to abrasion, pilling, fibrillation and coloristic and mechanical resistance to UV radiation, while retaining good textile properties and coloring suitable for use.
Bien entendu, une telle liste de fibres n'est pas exhaustive et l'invention ne se limite pas à ce type de fils pour former la première couche du textile. Of course, such a list of fibers is not exhaustive and the invention is not limited to this type of son to form the first layer of the textile.
En pratique, les fils agencés en chaîne et en trame de la première couche peuvent être de même nature. De cette manière, la face endroit du textile double couches présente une uniformité visuelle en termes d'aspect et/ou de coloris. In practice, the son arranged in warp and weft of the first layer may be of the same nature. In this way, the face of the double-layered textile has a visual uniformity in terms of appearance and / or color.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la deuxième composition, présente sur la face interne uniquement, peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de para- aramide, de polybenzimidazole, de poly(p-phénylène-2,6-benzobisoxazole) et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres. According to one particular embodiment, the second composition, present on the inner surface only, may be chosen from the group comprising the fibers of para-aramid, polybenzimidazole, poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) and the mixtures obtained from these fibers.
Dans ce cas, les fils de la couche interne sont en partie réalisés dans un matériau garantissant de d'excellentes propriétés thermiques notamment de résistance à la chaleur et/ou d'excellentes performances mécaniques. Par ailleurs, les fils formant la deuxième couche peuvent présenter de faibles résistances aux rayonnements notamment UV et/ou aux lavages, ils sont en effet protégés et rendus invisibles par le tissage serré des fils constituant la première couche. Avantageusement la troisième composition peut être choisie parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de méta-aramide, de polyamide-imide, les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres cellulosiques ignifugées ou non, les fibres de polyester ou de polyamide ignifugé, et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres In this case, the son of the inner layer are partly made of a material that guarantees excellent thermal properties including heat resistance and / or excellent mechanical performance. Moreover, the son forming the second layer may have low resistance to radiation including UV and / or washing, they are indeed protected and made invisible by the tight weaving son constituting the first layer. Advantageously, the third composition may be chosen from the group comprising meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, modacrylic fibers, flame retarded or non-flame-resistant cellulosic fibers, polyester or flame-retarded polyamide fibers, and blends obtained from of these fibers
Avantageusement, les fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche peuvent être de nature différente des fils de trame de la deuxième couche. Autrement dit, les fils de trame et les fils de chaîne constituant la seconde couche peuvent être de nature différente. Ils peuvent ainsi également comporter des aspects et/ou des couleurs distincts l'un de l'autre. Un tel mode de réalisation n'est cependant pas gênant car ces fils sont invisibles au niveau de la face endroit du textile à double couches. Advantageously, the warp son of the second layer may be different in nature from the weft son of the second layer. In other words, the weft yarns and the warp yarns constituting the second layer may be of a different nature. They can also include aspects and / or colors distinct from each other. Such an embodiment is however not troublesome because these son are invisible at the face of the double-layer textile.
DESCRIPTION SOMMAIRE DES FIGURES SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La manière de réaliser l'invention, ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent, ressortiront bien de la description du mode de réalisation qui suit, donné à titre indicatif, et non limitatif, à l'appui de l'unique figure annexée, qui est une représentation schématique en coupe dans le sens chaîne d'un textile conforme à l'invention. The manner of carrying out the invention, as well as the advantages which result therefrom, will emerge clearly from the description of the embodiment which follows, given as an indication, and not by way of limitation, in support of the single appended figure, which is a schematic sectional representation in the warp direction of a textile according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Comme déjà évoqué, l'invention concerne un textile double couche formé par le tissage de deux couches intimement liées entre elles par des points de liage. As already mentioned, the invention relates to a double-layer textile formed by the weaving of two layers intimately bound together by binding points.
Tel que représenté à la figure, un tel textile 1 comporte ainsi une première couche 2 formée par le tissage de fils agencés à la fois en chaîne et en trame selon une première composition de fils. Il comporte également une deuxième couche 3 formée par le tissage en chaîne et en trame de fils de compositions distinctes de la première composition. La coupe selon la figure peut être notamment réalisée dans le sens chaîne du textile, et par conséquent un fil de liage 4 de la chaîne permet de lier ponctuellement les fils 8, 9 de la deuxième couche 3 avec les fils de la première couche 2. Un tel fil de liage 4 forme alors une boucle 5 autour d'un fil de trame 6 de la première couche 2. Avantageusement, cette boucle 5 peut être réalisée en-dessous d'un fil de chaîne 7 de la première couche 2. Un tel agencement permet en effet de rendre moins visible le fil de chaîne 4 au niveau de la face endroit du textile double couches 1 correspondant à la face extérieure de la première couche 2. As shown in the figure, such a textile 1 thus comprises a first layer 2 formed by the weaving of son arranged both in warp and weft according to a first son composition. It also comprises a second layer 3 formed by the warp and weft weaving of son of compositions distinct from the first composition. The section according to the figure can be made in particular in the warp direction of the textile, and consequently a binding yarn 4 of the chain makes it possible to bind the yarns 8, 9 of the second layer 3 with the threads of the first layer 2. Such binding yarn 4 then forms a loop 5 around a weft yarn 6 of the first layer 2. Advantageously, this loop 5 can be made beneath a warp 7 of the first layer 2. such This arrangement makes it possible to make the warp yarn 4 less visible at the level of the surface of the double-layer textile 1 corresponding to the outer face of the first layer 2.
Comme décrit précédemment les fils de liage 4 font partie de la troisième composition. Les fils 6,7 de la première couche font partie de la première composition. Complémentairement, Les fils de chaîne 9 qui forment le fond de la deuxième couche travaillent principalement avec les fils de trame 8 similaires de la même couche. Ces fils font partie de la deuxième composition. As previously described, the binding yarns 4 are part of the third composition. The wires 6.7 of the first layer are part of the first composition. Additionally, the warp threads 9 which form the bottom of the second layer work mainly with similar weft threads 8 of the same layer. These threads are part of the second composition.
Par ailleurs, et tel que représenté, le nombre de fils de trame de la première couche 2 est supérieur au nombre de fils de trame de la deuxième couche 3. Moreover, and as shown, the number of weft threads of the first layer 2 is greater than the number of weft threads of the second layer 3.
EXEMPLES DE RÉALISATION EXAMPLES OF REALIZATION
Deux exemples de réalisation de construction d'un tel textile double couches sont donnés à titre d'illustration non limitative. Two embodiments of construction of such a double layer textile are given by way of non-limiting illustration.
Exemple 1 : Example 1
Selon cet exemple, un textile double couche peut comporter une première couche formée par un tissage selon une armure dérivée d'un sergé 2/1 d'un poids de 165 g/m2. La densité des fils de chaîne de cette première couche peut être de 32,4 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être égale à 22,5 fils par centimètre. Cette première couche est avantageusement composée exclusivement en chaîne et en trame du même fil comportant 93% de fibres de méta-aramide teint dans la masse, 5% de fibres de para-aramide teint dans la masse et 2% de fibres antistatiques. Un tel fil peut être réalisé par l'assemblage de plusieurs filés de fibres réunis ou assemblés par retordage. Avantageusement, ce fil peut être composé de deux filés dont le numéro métrique est 70. Un tel fil peut donc être qualifié par un numéro métrique Nm d'une valeur de 70/2, soit 285 dtex. Selon cet exemple, la deuxième couche peut quant à elle être formée par le tissage d'un tissu selon une armure toile d'un poids de 85 g/m2. La densité des fils agencés dans le sens chaîne de cette deuxième couche peut être de 16,2 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils agencés dans le sens trame peut être de 11,3 fils par centimètre. According to this example, a double-layer textile may comprise a first layer formed by weaving in a weave derived from a 2/1 twill with a weight of 165 g / m 2 . The density of the warp yarns of this first layer may be 32.4 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be equal to 22.5 threads per centimeter. This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same thread comprising 93% meta-aramid fibers dyed in the mass, 5% of para-aramid fibers dyed in the mass and 2% of antistatic fibers. Such a yarn can be made by assembling several yarns of fibers joined or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, this thread may be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 70. Such a yarn may therefore be qualified by a metric number Nm of a value of 70/2, ie 285 dtex. According to this example, the second layer may itself be formed by weaving a fabric in a plain weave weighing 85 g / m 2 . The density of the yarns arranged in the warp direction of this second layer may be 16.2 threads per centimeter and the density of the yarns arranged in the weft direction may be 11.3 threads per centimeter.
Une telle deuxième couche peut par ailleurs comporter dans le sens de la chaîne au moins deux sortes de fils. Une première sorte de fils de chaîne peut être à base de fibres 100% de para-aramides, de numéro métrique Nm 50/2, soit 400 dtex, et une seconde sorte de fils de chaîne peut être un mélange de 50%> de fibres d'aramides avec 50%> de fibres de viscose ignifugées présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 45, soit 222 dtex. Par ailleurs, les fils de la trame de cette seconde couche peuvent être des fils comportant 100% de fibres para-aramide dont le numéro métrique est Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex. Such a second layer may further comprise in the sense of the chain at least two kinds of son. A first kind of warp yarn may be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, of metric number Nm 50/2, ie 400 dtex, and a second kind of warp yarn may be a mixture of 50% of fibers. of aramids with 50%> flame retarded viscose fibers having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex. Furthermore, the son of the weft of this second layer may be son having 100% para-aramid fibers whose metric number is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
Le liage ou la liaison entre les deux couches formant le textile double couches se fait lors de l'opération de tissage des deux couches, par exemple au moyen des fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche et plus précisément de la seconde sorte de fils, formés par la composition du troisième type, à base d'un mélange de 50%> de fibres d'aramides avec 50%> fibres de viscose ignifugées et présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 45, soit 222 dtex. Un tel liage peut être notamment avantageusement combiné avec l'armure de la première couche afin d'en atténuer la visibilité de l'extérieur. The bonding or bonding between the two layers forming the double-layered textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the warp threads of the second layer and more specifically of the second kind of son, formed by the composition of the third type, based on a mixture of 50%> aramid fibers with 50%> flame retarded viscose fibers and having a metric number of Nm 45, or 222 dtex. Such binding may be particularly advantageously combined with the armor of the first layer to reduce the visibility of the outside.
Comme déjà évoqué, un tel textile double couche offre une surface extérieure au niveau de la première couche, suffisamment close pour être utilisée telle une couche extérieure de veste de pompier, permettant notamment de protéger son porteur des projections de produits chimiques. As already mentioned, such a double-layered textile provides an outer surface at the level of the first layer, sufficiently closed to be used as an outer layer of firefighter's jacket, in particular to protect the wearer from chemical splashes.
Le textile double couches ainsi formé possède en outre d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et de protection à la chaleur et aux flammes, et notamment il peut présenter les caractéristiques suivantes: The double-layer textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical properties and protection against heat and flame, and in particular it may have the following characteristics:
- limite à la rupture dans le sens chaîne (IS013934-1) supérieure à 200daN ;  - chain-breaking limit (IS013934-1) greater than 200daN;
- limite à la rupture dans le sens trame (IS013934-1) supérieure à 200daN ;  - breaking strength in the weft direction (IS013934-1) greater than 200daN;
- limite à la déchirure dans le sens chaîne (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 30daN ;  - limit to tear in the warp direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 30daN;
- limite à la déchirure dans le sens trame (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 30daN ; - perte de performances mécaniques en rupture (IS013934-1) et déchirures (IS013937-2) après vieillissement artificiel (ISO 105B02) inférieur à 25% ; - tear limit in the weft direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 30daN; - loss of mechanical performance in rupture (IS013934-1) and tears (IS013937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02) lower than 25%;
- résistance à l'abrasion (IS012947-2 12Kpa) supérieure à 40 000 cycles;  - resistance to abrasion (IS012947-2 12Kpa) greater than 40 000 cycles;
- résistance au boulochage (IS012945-1) supérieure à 4 à 7000 cycles;  - pilling resistance (IS012945-1) greater than 4 to 7000 cycles;
- un aspect visuel très satisfaisant après 25 cycles de lavages (ISO6330-6N Séchage F), avec une cotation de 4 ou plus selon l'échelle des gris (ISO105A02);  - a very satisfactory visual appearance after 25 cycles of washing (ISO6330-6N Drying F), with a rating of 4 or more according to the gray scale (ISO105A02);
- une solidité à la lumière artificielle (ISO 105B02) de 5 ou plus pour un tissu de coloris bleu-marine.  - artificial light fastness (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for a navy-blue fabric.
Un tel tissu répond aux exigences des normes ISO 14116 (Indice 3), ISO 11612 (A, Bl, Cl, F1), EN 469. Such a fabric meets the requirements of ISO 14116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN 469.
En fonction du choix des coloris de fibres de la face extérieure, un tel tissu peut être réalisé dans de multiples colorations. Depending on the choice of fiber colors of the outer face, such a fabric can be made in multiple colorations.
Exemple 2 : Example 2
Selon cet exemple, un textile double couche peut comporter une première couche formée par un tissage selon une armure sergé 2/1 d'un poids de 195 g/m2. La densité des fils de chaîne de cette première couche peut être de 35,3 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être égale à 21,0 fils par centimètre. Cette première couche est avantageusement composée exclusivement en chaîne et en trame du même fil comportant 60% de fibres de modacrylique et de 40%> de fibres de coton. Un tel fil peut être réalisé par l'assemblage de plusieurs filés unitaires réunis ou assemblés par retordage. Avantageusement, ce fil peut être composé de deux filés dont le numéro métrique est 60. Un tel fil est donc qualifié par un numéro métrique Nm d'une valeur 60/2, soit 333 dtex. According to this example, a double layer fabric may comprise a first layer formed by weaving in a 2/1 twill weave with a weight of 195 g / m 2 . The density of the warp yarns of this first layer may be 35.3 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 21.0 threads per centimeter. This first layer is advantageously composed exclusively of warp and weft of the same yarn comprising 60% of modacrylic fibers and 40%> of cotton fibers. Such a wire can be made by assembling several unitary yarns joined together or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, this thread may be composed of two yarns whose metric number is 60. Such a yarn is therefore qualified by a metric number Nm of a value 60/2, ie 333 dtex.
Selon cet exemple, le tissu formant la deuxième couche pourra être quant à lui formé par le tissage d'un tissu selon une armure toile d'un poids de 55 g/m2. La densité de fils de chaîne de cette deuxième couche peut être de 11,8 fils par centimètre et la densité des fils de trame peut être de 7,0 fils par centimètre. Une telle deuxième couche peut par ailleurs comporter dans le sens de la chaîne au moins deux sortes de fils. Un première sorte de fils de chaîne peut être à base de fibres 100% de para-aramides, de numéro métrique Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex, et un seconde sorte de fils de chaîne peut être un mélange de 60% de fibres de modacrylique avec 40%> de fibres de coton présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 40/1, soit 250 dtex. Par ailleurs, les fils de la trame de cette seconde couche peuvent être formés par des fils comportant 100% de fibres para- aramide dont le numéro métrique est Nm 70/2, soit 285 dtex. According to this example, the fabric forming the second layer may be formed by the weaving of a fabric in a plain weave with a weight of 55 g / m 2 . The warp density of this second layer may be 11.8 threads per centimeter and the density of the weft threads may be 7.0 threads per centimeter. Such a second layer may further comprise in the sense of the chain at least two kinds of son. A first kind of warp yarn may be based on 100% para-aramid fibers, of metric number Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex, and a second kind of warp yarn may be a mixture of 60% of staple fibers. modacrylic with 40%> cotton fibers having a metric number of Nm 40/1, ie 250 dtex. Furthermore, the son of the weft of this second layer may be formed by son having 100% para- aramid fibers whose metric number is Nm 70/2, or 285 dtex.
Le liage entre les deux couches formant le textile double couches se fait lors de l'opération de tissage des deux couches, par exemple au moyen de la seconde sorte de fils de chaîne de la deuxième couche, formés par le mélange de 60%> de fibres de modacrylique avec 40%> de fibres de coton et présentant un numéro métrique de Nm 40/1, soit 250 dtex. The bonding between the two layers forming the double-layer textile is done during the weaving operation of the two layers, for example by means of the second kind of warp yarns of the second layer, formed by the mixture of 60%> of modacrylic fibers with 40%> cotton fibers and having a metric number of Nm 40/1, ie 250 dtex.
Le textile double couches ainsi formé possède en outre d'excellentes propriétés mécaniques et de protection à la chaleur et aux flammes, et notamment il peut présenter les caractéristiques suivantes: The double-layer textile thus formed also has excellent mechanical properties and protection against heat and flame, and in particular it may have the following characteristics:
- limite à la rupture dans le sens chaîne (IS013934-1) supérieure à 120daN ;  - chain-breaking limit (IS013934-1) greater than 120daN;
- limite à la rupture dans le sens trame (IS013934-1) supérieure à 120daN ;  - breaking strength in the weft direction (IS013934-1) greater than 120daN;
- limite à la déchirure dans le sens chaîne (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 20daN ;  - limit to tear in the warp direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 20daN;
- limite à la déchirure dans le sens trame (ISO 13937-2) supérieure à 20daN ;  - the tear in the weft direction (ISO 13937-2) greater than 20daN;
- perte de performances mécaniques en rupture (IS013934-1) et déchirures (IS013937-2) après vieillissement artificiel (ISO 105B02) inférieur à 25% ;  - loss of mechanical performance in rupture (IS013934-1) and tears (IS013937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02) lower than 25%;
- résistance à l'abrasion (IS012947-2 12Kpa) supérieure à 30 000 cycles:  - resistance to abrasion (IS012947-2 12Kpa) greater than 30 000 cycles:
- résistance au boulochage (IS012945-1) supérieure à 4 à 7000 cycles:  - pilling resistance (IS012945-1) greater than 4 to 7000 cycles:
- un aspect visuel très satisfaisant 25 cycles de lavages (ISO6330-6N Séchage F) , avec une cotation de 4 ou plus selon l'échelle des gris (ISO105A02):  - a very satisfactory visual appearance 25 cycles of washing (ISO6330-6N Drying F), with a rating of 4 or more according to the gray scale (ISO105A02):
- une solidité à la lumière artificielle (ISO 105B02) de 5 ou plus pour un tissu pour un tissu de coloris autre que des coloris « haute visibilité ».  - an artificial light fastness (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for a fabric for a fabric of color other than "high visibility" colors.
Un tel tissu répond à toutes les exigences des normes IS014116 (Indice 3), ISO 11612 (A, Bl, C1, F1). De par le choix des matières composant la face extérieure, le tissu peut présenter sur sa face extérieure une grande variété de nuances de coloris unis, haute visibilité, notamment jaune, orange ou rouge, ou encore imprimé selon des motifs et coloris utilisés en camouflage pour des applications militaires. Such a fabric meets all the requirements of IS014116 (Index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1). By the choice of the materials composing the outer face, the fabric may have on its outer face a wide variety of shades of plain colors, high visibility, including yellow, orange or red, or printed patterns and colors used in camouflage for military applications.
Il ressort de ce qui précède qu'un textile double couches conforme à l'invention présente de nombreux avantages et notamment : It follows from the foregoing that a double-layer textile according to the invention has many advantages and in particular:
il permet de réaliser une surface extérieure fermée et protectrice face aux agressions extérieure;  it allows for a closed and protective outer surface against external aggressions;
il permet d'employer des matériaux à haute performance mécanique et thermique mais sensibles aux rayonnements et lavages et tirant avantage de leur bénéfices sans en subir leur inconvénients  it allows the use of materials with high mechanical and thermal performance but sensitive to radiation and washes and taking advantage of their benefits without suffering their disadvantages
il permet d'optimiser le nombre de fils constituant la seconde couche du textile afin d'optimiser les performances thermiques et mécaniques en limitant son coût.  it makes it possible to optimize the number of threads constituting the second textile layer in order to optimize the thermal and mechanical performances while limiting its cost.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Textile (1) pour la fabrication de vêtements de protection contre le feu, comportant deux couches tissées, à savoir une couche externe (2) composée majoritairement de fils (6,7) d'un premier type et une couche interne (3) composée majoritairement de fils (8) d'un deuxième type distinct du premier type, dans lequel les fils (6,7) du premier type présentent une résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieure à celles des fils (8) du deuxième type, et les fils du deuxième type présentent des propriétés de résistance mécanique à la rupture supérieure à celles des fils du premier type, caractérisé en ce que la couche interne (3) comporte des fils (9) d'un troisième type différents des fils (8) du deuxième type, les fils du troisième type présentant une résistance à la dégradation de leurs propriétés d'aspect à l'usage et aux lavages supérieure à celles des fils (8) du deuxième type, lesdits fils (9) du troisième type travaillant également avec la face externe pour assurer le liage des deux couches (2,3) et en ce que le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche est supérieur au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche . 1. Textile (1) for the manufacture of fire protective clothing, comprising two woven layers, namely an outer layer (2) composed mainly of threads (6, 7) of a first type and an inner layer (3). ) composed mainly of yarns (8) of a second type distinct from the first type, in which the yarns (6, 7) of the first type have a resistance to the degradation of their appearance properties with the use and the higher washes to those of the yarns (8) of the second type, and the yarns of the second type have higher tensile strength properties than the yarns of the first type, characterized in that the inner layer (3) comprises yarns (9). ) of a third different type son (8) of the second type, the son of the third type having a resistance to the degradation of their appearance properties to use and washing greater than those of son (8) of the second type, said wires (9) of third type also working with the outer face to ensure the binding of the two layers (2,3) and in that the number of threads per centimeter arranged in warp and / or weft of the first layer is greater than the number of threads per centimeter arranged in a warp and / or weft of the second layer.
2. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la première couche est au moins une fois et demi supérieur au nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne et/ou en trame de la deuxième couche. 2. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of son per centimeter arranged in a warp and / or weft of the first layer is at least one and a half times greater than the number of son per centimeter arranged in a chain and / or in frame of the second layer.
3. Textile selon l'une des revendications 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la première couche est compris entre 20 et 50, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en chaîne de la deuxième couche est compris entre 10 et 25. 3. Textile according to one of claims 1, characterized in that the number of threads per cm arranged in a warp of the first layer is between 20 and 50, and the number of threads per cm arranged in a chain of the second layer is between 10 and 25.
4. Textile selon l'une des revendications 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la première couche est compris entre 15 et 30, et le nombre de fils par centimètre agencés en trame de la deuxième couche est compris entre 5 4. Textile according to one of claims 1, characterized in that the number of son per centimeter arranged in a frame of the first layer is between 15 and 30, and the number of son per centimeter arranged in the frame of the second layer is between 5
5. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le titre des fils du troisième type, exprimé en masse linéique, est inférieur au titre des fils du premier type d'au moins 15%. 5. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the title of the son of the third type, expressed in linear density, is less than the title of the son of the first type of at least 15%.
6. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fils (6,7) du premier type présentent une résistance à la dégradation des performances mécaniques aux rayonnements notamment UV supérieure à celles des fils (8) du deuxième type. 6. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the son (6,7) of the first type have a resistance to degradation of the mechanical performance to radiation including UV greater than the son (8) of the second type.
7. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fils (6,7) du premier type comprennent des fibres choisies parmi le groupe comportant les fibres de méta-aramide, les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres de polyamide-imide, les fibres cellulosiques et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (6, 7) of the first type comprise fibers chosen from the group comprising the meta-aramid fibers, the modacrylic fibers, the polyamide-imide fibers, the cellulosic fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers.
8. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fils (8) du deuxième type comprennent des fibres choisies parmi le groupe comprenant les fibres de para-aramide, les fibres de polybenzimidazole, les fibres de poly(p-phénylène-2,6-benzobisoxazole) et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres. 8. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (8) of the second type comprise fibers selected from the group consisting of para-aramid fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, poly (p-phenylene-2) fibers. , 6-benzobisoxazole) and mixtures obtained from these fibers.
9. Textile selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les fils (9) du troisième type comprennent des fibres choisies parmi le groupe comprenant les fibres de méta-aramide, de polyamide-imide, les fibres de modacrylique, les fibres cellulosiques ignifugées ou non, les fibres de polyester ou de polyamide ignifugé et les mélanges obtenus à partir de ces fibres. 9. Textile according to claim 1, characterized in that the yarns (9) of the third type comprise fibers selected from the group consisting of meta-aramid fibers, polyamide-imide, modacrylic fibers, flame retarded cellulosic fibers or no, polyester or flame-retarded polyamide fibers and mixtures made from these fibers.
10. Textile selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que les deux couches sont solidarisées pendant leur opération de tissage. 10. Textile according to claim 1 characterized in that the two layers are secured during their weaving operation.
EP15832816.1A 2014-12-23 2015-12-21 Fabric for manufacturing garments for fire protection Active EP3237659B1 (en)

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JP2686868B2 (en) * 1991-11-13 1997-12-08 東レ株式会社 Waterproof protective cloth and work clothes and rider suit
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US6974785B1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2005-12-13 Bacou-Dailoz Protective Apparel Outer shell fabric for fire protective garments for firefighters and for workers exposed to risk of flash fire or electric arc
JP2001348754A (en) * 2000-03-31 2001-12-21 Unitica Fibers Ltd High-density woven fabric
FR2822855B1 (en) 2001-03-29 2003-06-20 Europrotect France REINFORCED FABRIC
DE10322838B3 (en) 2003-05-19 2004-08-19 Sedac-Mecobel S.A. Folding frame for sofabed has carrier franework supporting lifting framework for bed frame having fold-down support legs and relatively pivoted seat carrier and backrest carrier
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