JP7118643B2 - Cloth for making fire protection clothing - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to the field of fabrics used in the manufacture of fire and heat resistant garments. More specifically, it relates to fabrics obtained from fibers known to have good heat and/or flame retardant properties. In particular, it is directed to fabrics obtained by intimately bonding two fabric layers having different compositions with complementary properties. Such intimate bonding of two layers is generally accomplished by using the warp or weft yarns of one layer to periodically form bonding loops around the warp or weft yarns of the other layer of fabric. .

For the production of outer layers of protective clothing, which give the fabric layer good abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, good color strength and mechanical resistance to radiation, especially UV, and a color suitable for its use. There is a textile material used. These materials also have good mechanical and thermal performance, but for very specific applications, such as for use as the outer layer of firefighting suits worn by firefighters, the mechanical and thermal Poor performance.

There are also textile materials commercially available in the form of fibers or multifilaments that have very strong mechanical and/or thermal performance, but these have significant drawbacks when used on the outer surface of garments. Here, this includes deterioration of the emissive performance, especially due to UV radiation, or deterioration of the appearance due to wear and washing, especially fibrillation.

In US Pat. No. 5,400,000, Applicant describes a particular fabric construction used to manufacture protective clothing intended for firefighters. These fabrics are essentially two types of yarns, on the one hand, meta-aramid-based yarns, which are present on the fabric side and are known for their heat resistance and good fabric behavior, and on the other hand, which are present mainly on the back side. Para-aramid yarn used for its good mechanical strength. The joining of these two types of yarns is done through working with para-aramid yarns on the fabric side, with the para-aramid yarns appearing periodically on the fabric side, even though they are predominantly on the back side. . Although they are mechanically satisfactory, para-aramid fibers have the disadvantage of having discoloration during use and washing and thus becoming increasingly visible over time, a phenomenon called fibrillation. is not aesthetically pleasing.

Alternatively, it is known to make fabrics with two layers, as described, inter alia, in US Pat. The fabrics described in these documents each have yarns of different construction, each belonging to a given layer with a periodic or geometrical link between the first and second layers.

However, a fabric with two layers has the same thread density between the top and bottom layers.
Density means that the number of threads per unit length, eg centimeter, is the same between the first and second layer of fabric. Such constructions are problematic because each of the two layers results in a fabric with similar weight per surface unit.

EP 1373617 European Patent No. 1479323 WO 01/64985 pamphlet

One of the purposes of the present invention is to modify such an arrangement to make it possible to produce a fabric having two layers, in which one of the layers is substantially closed. , thereby ensuring good protection of the fabric thus formed against attack from the outside, in particular against sprayed chemicals.

Another object is to produce a fabric with two layers, where the fabric side has good fabric behavior while maintaining good fabric properties and appropriate color for its use. ie abrasion resistance, pilling performance and resistance to fibrillation, color strength and mechanical strength, and resistance to radiation, especially UV radiation.

Yet another object is to develop materials that have high mechanical performance and, in a complementary manner, high thermal performance, but that have major drawbacks when used on the outer surface, as they are two layers of fabric. by ensuring that they are present exclusively on one of the surfaces, thus making it possible to use their mechanical and thermal advantages without the drawbacks resulting from their presence on the outer surface. It is to contribute to providing enough. Due to their high mechanical and/or thermal performance, layers containing these materials do not have to be as dense as layers providing protection from external attacks, and are not as dense as layers providing protection from external attacks. Optimized based on fabric to cost ratio.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a fire protection garment comprising two fabric layers, an outer layer consisting mainly of yarns of a first type and an inner layer consisting mainly of yarns of a second type different from the first type. With respect to fabrics to manufacture, the first type of yarn has properties of resistance to deterioration of mechanical and cosmetic properties caused by abrasion and washing, superior to the second type of yarn; Yarns of the type have better mechanical strength and/or thermal properties than the yarns of the first type.

According to the invention, said fabric is characterized in that the inner layer (3) comprises yarns of a third type different from the yarns of the second type, the yarns of the third type being superior to the yarns of the second type. Also resistant to deterioration of appearance properties due to wear and washing, the third type of yarn also cooperates with the outer surface to ensure bonding of the two layers.

In other words, the present invention more specifically relates to a fabric having two layers that are particularly fire-resistant and heat-resistant. Such fabrics therefore have good resistance to washing and abrasion, as well as abrasion resistance, pilling resistance, fibrillation resistance, and colorability suitable for their use in forming exposed surfaces of garments. a first flame-retardant layer with good fabric properties and formed from a material having, on the one hand, inter alia, high mechanical properties forming the inner side of the garment, and on the other hand the thermal performance advantageously forming the inner side of the garment. second layer.

Thus, said first flame retardant layer can be considered non-combustible and thermally stable according to standard ISO 14116 and in particular can achieve a level 3 index. According to this specification, after being struck by a flame, the fabric shall not show flame propagation, ignited debris, hole formation, or flame persistence for more than 2 seconds.

Materials with high mechanical and, advantageously, thermal performance used for the inner layer perform much better than the materials used for the outer layer and are therefore far superior to the fabric, especially with respect to breaking and tearing. , or, advantageously, radiant and convective heat protection well in excess of levels that can be achieved without the use of such materials.

That is, the present invention therefore provides a fabric having two layers comprising a first flame-retardant layer having good properties with respect to abrasion resistance, anti-pilling performance, and anti-fibrillation, and a color suitable for its use. Regarding. Said layers are formed by warp and weft yarns by weaving yarns having a first configuration. Said fabric has a second layer obtained by warp and weft weaving of yarns having a second composition different from the first one, made from a material with high mechanical and/or thermal performance on the one hand. and on the other hand a third arrangement periodically bonded to the yarns of the first layer to enable the first and second layers of fabric to be secured closely together. Such a fabric with two layers therefore has, in particular, a fabric side that is easily decomposed from a color point of view and a back side that comprises a material with high mechanical and advantageously thermal performance. Thus, the material with high mechanical and/or thermal performance is present only in a single layer, more particularly on the back side.

In a complementary aspect, the number of vertically and/or horizontally arranged threads per centimeter of the first layer is the number of vertically and/or horizontally arranged threads per centimeter of the second layer. more than the number of

In other words, the density of yarns in the first layer is greater than the density of yarns in the second layer in the warp or weft. Such a configuration thus makes it possible to have a first layer that is substantially closed, while the second layer is open or open-worked. The back side has two multiplicity of yarns, i.e. yarns with high mechanical and/or thermal performance which are used as front yarns on the one hand and yarns which are used as ground yarns of the two layers on the other hand, The properties of these yarns are at least as good a coloration as the outer layer, good behavior with wear, especially color performance under radiation, especially UV radiation, and after washing, and no loss of flame and heat behavior of the fabric medium. is.
This advantage allows the fabric to have visible bond points that do not change the appearance of the fabric on its outer surface as it wears.

Advantageously, the number of longitudinally and/or transversely arranged threads per centimeter of the first layer is the number of longitudinally and/or transversely arranged threads per centimeter of the second layer. can be at least 1.5 times the

In other words, the warp and/or weft density of the yarns of the first layer is at least 1.5 times the density of the warp and/or weft yarns of the second layer. Thus, it is particularly possible for the number of threads per lateral centimeter of the first layer to be 1.5 times the number of threads per lateral centimeter of the second layer, The number of threads per vertical centimeter of the first layer can be three times the number of threads per vertical centimeter of the second layer.

In practice, the number of threads per vertically aligned centimeter for the first layer can be 20-50, and for the second layer the number of threads per vertically aligned centimeter is The number of threads can be 10-25.

In this case it is possible to produce a sufficiently closed first layer to provide protection from external attack, in particular sprayed chemicals. This protection is thus obtained mainly by the tight weaving of the warp and weft threads forming said first layer.

According to one particular embodiment, the number of transversely arranged threads per centimeter for the first layer is 15-30 and for the second layer 1 transversely arranged The number of threads per centimeter is 5-15.

Thus, the number of transversely arranged yarns per centimeter may be slightly less than the number of warp yarns for the first and second layers respectively. Furthermore, the first layer can have a canvas weave, twill or satin type weave, or a derivative of these basic weaves, with a weight of 150-250 g/m ² . The second layer is advantageously manufactured using a canvas weave or a canvas weave-derived weave with a weight of 50-150 g/m ² .

In one preferred embodiment, the number of yarns of the third type expressed in linear density, eg decitex, is less than the number of yarns of the first type by at least 15%, preferably 20% or even 25%. In other words, those threads intended to join the two layers, the first and the second side, are thinner than the threads of the first side, which is generally the side exposed to the outside. Thus, the contribution of ground yarns to the overall weight of the fabric is reduced as these yarns do not play a role in the fabric's main functions, namely temperature resistance and mechanical protection. In addition, the ground threads are thinner than the threads on the first side and have minimal effect on the appearance of the fabric. Likewise, these yarns do not adversely affect the flame and heat behavior of the overall fabric medium. In practice, these ground threads can have the same configuration, but are less numerous than the ground threads of the first layer. They can also have different configurations and fewer numbers.

Advantageously, the first composition present on the outside is from the group comprising meta-aramid, polyamide-imide, modacrylic, cellulosic fibers which may or may not be flame retardant, and mixtures obtained from these fibers. can be selected.

In other words, the first composition of yarns forming the first layer has good flame retardant and heat resistant properties, allowing such fabrics to be used under extreme conditions, in particular fire make it possible to manufacture clothing for those who need to fight fire, especially firefighters. In addition, the selection of the material forming this first configuration should be resistant to abrasion, pilling and fibrillation, color strength and mechanical strength, while maintaining good fabric properties and appropriate color for its use. It makes it possible to obtain optimum performance with respect to resistance to radiation, in particular UV radiation.

Of course, the list of such fibers is not exhaustive and the invention is not limited to this type of yarn for forming the first layer of fabric.

In fact, the warp and weft threads of the first layer can be of the same nature. Thus, the fabric side of the fabric with the two layers is visually uniform with respect to appearance and/or color.

According to one particular embodiment, the second configuration present only on the inner surface comprises para-aramid, polybenzimidazole, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers. can be selected from the group containing

In this case, the fibers of the inner layer are partly made of a material that guarantees good thermal properties, in particular heat resistance and/or good mechanical performance. Furthermore, the yarns forming the second layer may have low resistance to radiation, especially UV radiation, and/or washing, they are effectively protected by the tight weave making up the first layer, made invisible.

Advantageously, the third composition comprises meta-aramid, polyamide-imide, modacrylic, cellulosic fibers which may or may not be flame retardant, polyester or flame retardant polyamide fibers, and mixtures obtained from these fibers. can be selected from the group comprising

Advantageously, the warp yarns of the second layer can have different characteristics than the weft yarns of the second layer. In other words, the weft and warp threads forming the second layer may be of different characteristics. As such, they can also include appearances and/or colors that differ from each other. However, such an embodiment is not cumbersome as these threads are not visible on the fabric side of the fabric with the two layers.

The manner of carrying out the invention and its advantages will become more apparent from the following disclosure of embodiments supported by one attached figure, by way of non-limiting example.

1 is a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction of a fabric according to the invention; FIG.

As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a fabric having two layers formed by weaving two layers that are intimately connected to each other by bonding points.

As shown, such a fabric 1 comprises a first layer 2 formed by weaving both warp and weft yarns according to a first yarn arrangement. The fabric 1 also comprises a second layer 3 formed by weaving the warp and weft threads in a configuration different from the first configuration. The cross-section of the figure can be done in particular in the warp direction of the fabric, so that the warp ground yarns 4 are periodically combined with the yarns of the first layer 2 of the yarns 8, 9 of the second layer 3 enable Such ground threads 4 then form loops 5 around the weft threads 6 of the first layer 2 . Advantageously, said loops 5 can be made under the warp yarns 7 of the first layer 2 . In fact, such an arrangement makes it possible to make the warp threads 4 less pronounced on the fabric side of the fabric by the two layers 1 corresponding to the outside of the first layer 2 .

As mentioned above, ground thread 4 is part of the third configuration. The yarns 6, 7 of the first layer are part of the first configuration. In a complementary manner, the warp yarns 9 forming the bottom of the second layer act primarily together with similar weft yarns 8 of the same layer. Said thread is part of a second configuration.

Furthermore, as shown, the number of weft threads in the first layer 2 is greater than the number of weft threads in the second layer 3 .

Two exemplary embodiments of such fabric constructions having two layers are provided as non-limiting illustrations.

[Example 1]
According to this example, a fabric having two layers may comprise a first layer formed by weaving using a weave derived from a 2/1 twill weave having a weight of 165 g/m ² . The warp density of this first layer may be 32.4/cm and the weft density may be equal to 22.5/cm. Said first layer consists exclusively of warp and weft yarns of the same yarn containing 93% fully dyed meta-aramid fibers, 5% fully dyed para-aramid fibers and 2% antistatic fibers. Such yarns can be produced by assembling several spun yarns consisting of fibers that are bound or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, said yarn can be made up of two spun yarns with a metric count of 70. Such a yarn can therefore be qualified by a metric Mc value of 70/2, ie 285 dtex.

According to this example, the second layer can be formed by weaving the fabric using a canvas weave with a weight of 85 g/m ² . The warp density of this second layer may be 16.2 per centimeter and the weft density may be 11.3 per centimeter.

Also, such second layer may comprise at least two types of yarns in the machine direction. The warp yarns of the first type may have a metric count of Mc50/2, i.e. a 100% para-aramid fiber base of 400 dtex, and the warp yarns of the second type are 50% aramid fibers and 50% flame resistant viscose fibers with a metric count of Mc45, ie 222 dtex. Furthermore, the weft yarns of this second layer can be yarns comprising 100% para-aramid fibers having a metric count of Mc 70/2, ie 285 dtex.

The bond or connection between the two layers forming a fabric having two layers is, for example, the warp yarns of the second layer, more specifically 50% aramid fibers and 50% flame retardant viscose fibers, During the weaving operation of the two layers, using a second type of yarn formed by a third type of construction having a metric count of Mc45, i.e. having 222 dtex, with a mixture base of . Such bonding can be particularly advantageously combined with the weave of the first layer to reduce visibility from the outside.

As previously mentioned, such a fabric with two layers provides an outer surface in the first layer that is sufficiently closed for use as the outer layer of a firefighting suit, and in particular protects the wearer from spraying chemicals. make it possible to

A fabric with two layers thus formed additionally has excellent mechanical properties and heat and flame retardant protection properties, with the following properties:
- in the warp direction greater than 200 daN (ISO 13934-1);
- ultimate tensile strength in weft direction greater than 200 daN (ISO 13934-1);
- Ultimate tear strength in warp direction greater than 30 daN (ISO 13937-2);
- maximum tear strength in weft direction greater than 30 daN (ISO 13937-2);
- less than 25% reduction in mechanical performance during damage (ISO 13934-1) and tear (ISO 13937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02);
- Wear resistance greater than 40,000 cycles (ISO 12947-2, 12 kPa);
- pilling resistance greater than 4 at 7,000 cycles (ISO 12945-1);
- very satisfactory appearance after 25 washing cycles (ISO6330-6N dry F) with a score of 4 or higher using the grayscale (ISO105A02);
- Discoloration resistance to artificial light (ISO 105B02) of 5 or more for navy blue fabric;
can have

Such fabrics meet the requirements of standards ISO 14116 (index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1), EN469.

Such fabrics can be made in multiple colors, based on the choice of fiber color scheme for the exterior.

[Example 2]
According to this example, a fabric having two layers may comprise a first layer formed by weaving using a 2/1 twill weave having a weight of 195 g/m ² . The warp density of this first layer may be 35.3/cm and the weft density may be equal to 21.0/cm. Said first layer is advantageously composed of warps and wefts consisting exclusively of the same yarns containing 60% modacrylic and 40% cotton fibres. Such yarns can be produced by assembling several singly spun yarns joined or assembled by twisting. Advantageously, this yarn can be made of two spun yarns with a metric count of 60. Such yarns are therefore qualified by a metric count Mc with a value of 60/2, ie 333 dtex.

According to this example, the fabric forming the second layer can be formed by weaving the fabric using a canvas weave with a weight of 55 g/m2. This second layer may have a warp density of 11.8/cm and a weft density of 7.0/cm.

Such second layer may also include at least two types of yarns in the machine direction. A first type of warp yarn has a base of 100% para-aramid fibers with a metric count of Mc70/2, i.e. 285 dtex, and a second type of warp yarn has a metric count of Mc40/1. ie a mixture of 60% modacrylic fiber and 40% cotton fiber, ie 250 dtex. Further, the weft yarns of said second layer may be formed by yarns comprising 100% para-aramid fibers having a metric count of Mc70/2, ie 285 dtex.

The bond between the two layers forming a fabric with two layers is formed during the weaving operation of the two layers by a mixture of e.g. It can be done using a second type of warp yarns of the second layer having a count, ie 250 dtex.

A fabric with two layers thus formed furthermore has excellent mechanical properties and heat and fire protection properties, in particular the following properties:
- ultimate tensile strength in warp direction (ISO 13934-1) greater than 120 daN;
- ultimate tensile strength in the weft direction greater than 120 daN (ISO 13934-1);
- Ultimate tear strength in warp direction greater than 20 daN (ISO 13937-2);
- maximum tear strength in weft direction greater than 20 daN (ISO 13937-2);
- loss of mechanical performance at break (ISO 13934-1) and tear (ISO 13937-2) after artificial aging (ISO 105B02) of less than 25%;
- Wear resistance greater than 30,000 cycles (ISO12947-2 12Kpa);
- Anti-pilling performance greater than 4 at 7,000 cycles (ISO 12945-1);
- very pleasing appearance after 25 wash cycles (ISO6330-6N, dry F) with a score of 4 or higher using the gray scale (ISO105A02);
- Can have a color fastness to artificial light (ISO 105B02) of 5 or higher for fabrics with colors other than "high visibility" colors.

Such fabrics meet all the requirements of standards ISO 14116 (index 3), ISO 11612 (A, B1, C1, F1).

Through the selection of the material forming the outside, the fabric can have a single high visibility color on its outside, in particular a wide variety of shades of yellow, orange or red, or camouflage clothing for military applications. can be printed with the patterns and colors used in

From the above it can be seen that the fabric with two layers according to the invention has many advantages, in particular the following:
- allows creating a closed outer surface that protects against external attacks:
- making it possible to use materials with high mechanical and thermal performance, but sensitive to radiation and washing, to exploit their advantages without suffering from their disadvantages:
- allows optimizing the number of threads forming the second layer of fabric in order to optimize the thermal and mechanical performance while limiting its cost:
bring.

1 fabric 2 outer layer 3 inner layer 6, 7 first type of yarn 8 second type of yarn 9 third type of yarn

Claims (10)

A fabric (1) for manufacturing fire protection clothing, comprising:
Two textile layers, namely an outer layer (2) consisting mainly of yarns of a first type (6, 7) and an inner layer (8) consisting mainly of yarns of a second type different from said first type (8). 3) in the fabric (1) comprising:
Said outer layer (2) has properties of resistance to deterioration of mechanical and cosmetic properties caused by abrasion and washing better than said inner layer (3), said inner layer ( 3 ) being characterized by said outer layer (2) and/or thermal properties according to index 3 of ISO 14116 ,
said outer layer (2) is a first layer,
Said inner layer (3) is a second layer and comprises yarns (9) of a third type different from said yarns (8) of said second type, said yarns of said third type comprising: having better resistance to deterioration of their appearance properties by abrasion and washing than said yarns of said second type (8);
said yarns (9) of said third type are also periodically bonded to yarns of said first layer to ensure bonding of said two layers (2, 3);
A fabric (said except that the outer layer (2) comprises yarns (8) of said second type) . The number of threads per centimeter arranged longitudinally and/or transversely of said first layer is at least the number of threads per centimeter arranged longitudinally and/or transversely of said second layer A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it is 1.5 times. The number of vertically arranged threads per centimeter for said first layer is 20-50 and the number of vertically arranged yarns per centimeter for said second layer is between 10 and 25. The number of transversely arranged threads per centimeter for said first layer is between 15 and 30, and the number of transversely arranged yarns per centimeter for said second layer is A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that it is between 5 and 15. 2. The fabric of claim 1, wherein the yarn count of the third type, expressed in linear density, is at least 15% less than the yarn count of the first type. characterized in that said yarns (6, 7) of said first type have a greater resistance to deterioration of mechanical performance under radiation, in particular UV radiation, than said yarns of said second type. The fabric of Claim 1. said yarns (6, 7) of said first type comprising fibers selected from the group comprising meta-aramid fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide-imide fibers, cellulose fibers and mixtures obtained from these fibers; A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that. said yarn (8) of said second type from the group comprising para-aramid fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers, and mixtures obtained from these fibers; 2. The fabric of claim 1, comprising selected fibers. said yarns (9) of said third type are meta-aramid fibres, polyamide-imide fibres, modacrylic fibres, cellulose fibres, polyester whether flame retardant or not, or flame retardant polyamide fibres, and these 2. The fabric of claim 1, comprising fibers selected from the group comprising mixtures derived from fibers. A fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that said two layers are fixed during the weaving operation of said two layers.

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