EP3227889A1 - Circuit de lecture pour mémoire résistive - Google Patents
Circuit de lecture pour mémoire résistiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP3227889A1 EP3227889A1 EP15810692.2A EP15810692A EP3227889A1 EP 3227889 A1 EP3227889 A1 EP 3227889A1 EP 15810692 A EP15810692 A EP 15810692A EP 3227889 A1 EP3227889 A1 EP 3227889A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistive
- current
- coupled
- transistor
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/16—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using elements in which the storage effect is based on magnetic spin effect
- G11C11/165—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/1673—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
- G11C11/22—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements using ferroelectric elements
- G11C11/225—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C11/2273—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0004—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising amorphous/crystalline phase transition cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/06—Sense amplifiers; Associated circuits, e.g. timing or triggering circuits
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- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
- G11C2013/005—Read using potential difference applied between cell electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
- G11C2013/0054—Read is performed on a reference element, e.g. cell, and the reference sensed value is used to compare the sensed value of the selected cell
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- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C2207/06—Sense amplifier related aspects
- G11C2207/063—Current sense amplifiers
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- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C2207/06—Sense amplifier related aspects
- G11C2207/068—Integrator type sense amplifier
Definitions
- the present description relates to the field of resistive memories, and in particular a read circuit for a resistive memory.
- non-volatile memory cell in the form of a programmable resistive element.
- resistive elements are programmable to take one of a resistive state up or down. The programmed resistive state is maintained even when a supply voltage of the memory cell is disconnected, and therefore data can be stored by such an element in a non-volatile manner.
- a resistive memory is a device that comprises a plurality of memory cells each comprising a resistive element, the cells forming for example a matrix.
- the memory cell is selected, and a current is passed through the resistive element of the cell. The high or low resistive state of the resistive element can then be be detected by measuring the level of current flowing in the resistive element.
- a difficulty is that, in order to maintain relatively low power consumption and chip area, the high and low resistive states tend to have relatively similar resistances.
- the manufacturing disper ⁇ ⁇ sions can lead to real resistances that are even closer.
- the difference between the high and low resistive states can be as low as 200 ohms, in other words only about 5 percent.
- An object of embodiments of the present disclosure is to at least partially solve one or more needs of the prior art.
- a read circuit for reading a programmed resistive state of resistive elements of a resistive memory, each resistive element being programmable to take one of a first and a second resistive state, the circuit comprising: a current integrator adapted to integrate a current difference between a read current flowing in a first of the resistive elements and a reference current.
- the current integrator comprises a capacitive transimpedance amplifier.
- the read circuit further comprises a current mirror comprising a first branch adapted to conduct the reference current, and a second branch coupled to: a first line coupled to the first resistive element to conduct the read current ; and a second line coupled to the current integrator for driving the difference between the reading current and the reference current.
- the current integrator comprises a differential amplifier comprising: a first input node coupled to the second line; a feedback path comprising a capacitor coupled between an output node of the differential amplifier and the first input node; and a second input node coupled to a first reference voltage.
- the first branch of the current mirror is coupled to a reference current generation block, and the second input node of the differential amplifier is coupled to the first branch.
- the read circuit further comprises a selection and biasing circuit for selecting the first resistive element and applying a bias voltage to the first resistive element, the selection and biasing circuit comprising: a first coupled transistor to the first resistive element and adapted to conduct the read current, the first transistor having a control node coupled to the bias voltage.
- the first transistor is a MOS transistor
- the selection and polarization circuit further comprises: a second transistor coupled by its main conduction nodes between the gate of the first transistor and a ground level; and a third transistor coupled by its main conduction nodes between a source of the first transistor and the ground level.
- the selection and polarization circuit further comprises another transistor coupled in series with the first transistor.
- the first transistor is an N-channel MOS transistor, and the other transistor is a P-channel MOS transistor having its source coupled to a drain of the first transistor.
- the reference current is generated by a reference current generation block comprising a matrix of K by K resistive elements, K being a positive even integer greater than or equal to 2.
- the matrix of resistive elements comprises K rows of resistive elements, the resistive elements of each row being coupled in parallel with each other, the rows of resistive elements being coupled in series with each other, and the resistive elements. in one half of the rows are programmed to have the high resistive state, and the resistive elements in the other half of the rows are programmed to have the low resistive state.
- the reference current is generated by a reference current generating block comprising a reference resistive element sized and programmed so that its resistance is at a level located between the resistances of the first and second resistive states. of each resistive element.
- the resistive memory comprises a plurality of columns of resistive elements
- the read circuit comprises a current integrator for each column, and a reference current generation block common to the plurality of columns.
- each of the resistive elements is of one of the following types: a spin transfer torque element having anisotropy in the plane; a spin transfer torque element having anisotropy perpendicular to the plane; an oxidation-reduction element; a ferroelectric element; and a phase change element.
- a method of reading a programmed resistive state of resistive elements of a resistive memory each resistive element being programmable to take one of a first and a second resistive state, the method comprising: selecting a first one of the resistive elements; and integrate, by a current integrator, a current difference between a read current flowing in a first of the resistive elements, and a reference current.
- the reference current is generated by a reference branch of a current mirror, and the integration of the current difference is based on a reference voltage of the reference branch.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a non-volatile memory according to an embodiment of the present description
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates a current integrator of Figure 1 in more detail according to an exemplary embodiment
- Figure 3 is a timing diagram showing signals in the circuit of Figure 2 according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates circuits of FIG. 1 in more detail according to an exemplary embodiment
- Fig. 5 is a timing chart illustrating signals in the circuit of Fig. 4 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- 6A and 6B each illustrate a diagram ⁇ cally Figure 1 switching circuit according to embodiments of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 7A to 7C each schematically illustrate a reference current generation block of FIG. 1 in more detail according to alternative embodiments of the present description
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a non-volatile memory according to another embodiment of the present description.
- Figs. 9A and 9B illustrate resistive elements based on magnetic tunnel junctions according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
- connection is used to refer to direct connections between one element and another, while the term “coupled” implies that the connection between the two elements may be direct, or be via a intermediate element, such as a transistor, resistor or other component.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a non-volatile memory 100 comprising a resistive memory 101 comprising a plurality of resistive elements 102.
- the resistive elements 102 form, for example, a matrix and although this is not illustrated in FIG. 1, they can be arranged in a grid of rows and columns.
- the memory elements 102 could also form other types of resistive memories, such as one or more registers.
- Each of the resistive elements 102 is capable of being programmed to take one of two resistive states.
- the resistive elements 102 may be of any type of resistance switching element for which the resistance is programmable by the direction of a current passed through it, and / or by other means, such as application of a magnetic field near the element.
- the resistive elements 102 are spin torque transfer elements (STT) with in-plane anisotropy or perpendi ⁇ cular the plan, as described in more detail in the publication "Magnonic spin-transfer torque MRAM with low power, high speed, and error-free switching ", N. Mo umder et al., IEDM Tech. Digest (2010), and in the publication "Electric toggling of magnets", E.
- the resistive elements could be those used in RAM RedOx type resistive switching memories (redox RAM), which are for example described in more detail in the publication entitled "Redox-Based Resistive Switching".
- the resistive elements could be those used in FeRAMs (ferroelectric RAMs) or in PCRAM (phase change RAM).
- a data bit is for example memorized in each element in a non-volatile manner by programming the element so that it takes a relatively high resistance (Rmax) or a relatively low resistance (Rmin). ).
- each resistive element 102 has only two resistive states corresponding to the high and low resistors R max and R m i n ', but the exact values of R m j_ n and R max may vary depending on conditions such as the manufacturing process. , materials, temperature variations, etc.
- the resistive elements 102 are for example adapted such that R ma x is always significantly greater than R m j_ n , for example greater by at least 5 percent.
- the ratio between the resistance Rmax and the resistance Rmin is for example between 1.05 and 100.
- Each of the resistive Rmin and Rmax is for example in the range of 1 to 10 kilo-ohms, and the difference between Rmin and Rmax is for example of the order of 100 ohms to 4 kilo-ohms, although many other values are possible.
- the resistive memory 101 comprises, for example, a selection and polarization circuit 104A, 104B making it possible to select a resistive element during a read operation, and to apply a bias voltage Vp Q L across the selected resistive element in order to create an IR reading current in the resistive element 102.
- the circuit 104A makes it possible, for example, to selectively couple each of the resistive elements 102 at a line 105, and also makes it possible to apply the bias voltage Vp Q L to a node of each resistive element 102.
- another circuit 104B is also provided for selectively coupling each resistive element 102 to a mass voltage, and to achieve another level of selection.
- Each of the circuits 104A and 104B receives, for example, an ADDRESS address signal indicating which resistive element 102 of the resistive memory 101 is to be read.
- the signals p Q L and ADDRESS are for example generated by a control block 106, which for example receives a clock signal CLK.
- the line 105 is coupled to a node 107, which in turn is coupled to a branch of a current mirror 108.
- the current mirror 108 consists for example of two transistors 110, 112, each being for example a MOS transistor. P-channel (PMOS).
- the transistor 110 has its main conduction nodes, for example its source and drain nodes, coupled to a supply voltage VDD and the node 107, respectively, and its control node coupled to the control node of the transistor 112.
- the transistor 112 has, for example, its main conduction nodes coupled to the supply voltage VDD and to a line 114, respectively.
- the line 114 is also for example coupled to the control nodes of the transistors 110, 112.
- the line 114 conducts a reference current IREF ' ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is for example generated by a reference current generation block 115.
- the block 115 comprises for example a bias circuit 116 coupling the line 114 to a reference resistive block 117
- the reference resistive block 117 is coupled to ground via a dummy selection block 118 which matches the characteristics of the circuit 104B of the resistive memory 101.
- the reference resistive block 117 is adapted to have a resistance equal to the average resistance of the high and low resistors of each resistive element 102 of the resistive memory, in other words, substantially equal to (Rmin + Rmax) / 2, where the term "substantially" implies a tolerance equal for example to +/- 2 percent.
- the node 107 is also coupled to a current integrator 122 via a line 120.
- the transistor 110 of the current mirror 108 for example leads a current IREF equal to the reference current on the line 114, and thus the line 120 leads for example a current in the direction of the node 107 equal to IR-IREF ' in other words equal to the difference between the read current and the reference current IREF-
- This current difference is for example positive in the case wherein the selected resistive element 102 has the low resistive state Rmin, and is negative in the case where the resistive element 102 has the high resistive state Rmax.
- the current integrator 122 provides a signal p j pp, which is for example positive in the case where the current IR _ IREF is positive, and negative in the case where the current IR - IREF is negative.
- This voltage VQJ F is for example compared to a reference voltage RE I by a comparator 124 to provide a BIT output data signal indicating the binary value stored by the selected resistive element 102 which is being read.
- the comparator 124 is for example controlled so as to sample the signal V ⁇ JF by a control signal COMP generated by the control block 106.
- the reference voltage VREFI is equal to the ground voltage.
- the reference voltage RE I is equal to the voltage on the line 114 of the reference branch of the current mirror 108.
- the current integration performed by the current integrator is performed by the current integrator
- 122 is for example made with respect to a reference voltage RE 2 ' ⁇ [ui could be identical to or different from the reference voltage RE I ⁇ for example equal to the ground voltage, or the voltage on the line 114
- RE 2 ' ⁇ [ui could be identical to or different from the reference voltage RE I ⁇ for example equal to the ground voltage, or the voltage on the line 114
- the reference voltages RE I and RE 2 are both equal to the voltage on line 114, there will be an adjustment of the drain-source voltages for both chilled ⁇ twisted PMOS 110, 112 of the current mirror 108, which leads to a good adaptation between the reference currents IREF in each PMOS transistor 110, 112 of the current mirror 108.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the current integrator 122 of FIG. 1 in more detail according to an example in which it is implemented by a capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA).
- CTIA capacitive transimpedance amplifier
- other types of current integrators could be used.
- the line 120 coming from the node 107 is for example coupled to a negative input node of a differential amplifier ⁇ 202, which has for example its positive input node coupled to the reference voltage V ⁇ p2 ⁇
- the line d input 120 is also coupled through a feedback path including the parallel connection of a capacitor 204 and a switch 206 to an output line 208 of the differential amplifier 202.
- switch 206 is for example controlled by a reset signal reset.
- the capacitor 204 has for example a capacitance of the order of 1 fF to 100 fF.
- the output line 208 provides, for example, the voltage signal
- Figure 3 illustrates examples of time reset signal RESET, voltage p j p and ILO output signal.
- the reset signal RAZ is for example activated so that the switch 206 is conductive, and the voltage across the capacitor 204 is reset to a low level of about 0 V.
- the reset signal Reset is supplied to the low state with a falling edge 302, initiating an integration period of the current IR _ IREF on a line 120.
- the signal Vp j pp increases, which implies that the current IR-IREF is positive, in other words that it flows towards the node 107.
- the comparator 124 is for example synchronized by the COMP signal for sampling the signal Vp pp j, and the output of the comparator and goes to the high state.
- FIG. 3 also illustrates an example of the next cycle during which the resetting signal RAZ is again applied, causing a resetting of the voltage across the capacitor 204, and a falling edge 304 of the reset signal causing the start of a new one.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the resistive memory 101 and the reference current generation block 115 of FIG. 1 in more detail according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the resistive memory 101 comprises M columns COL1 to COLM, each column comprising N resistive elements, M and N being positive integers greater than or equal to 2.
- the N resistive elements 102 have one of their nodes coupled to a common line 402, and their other node coupled to the selection circuit 104B.
- the selection circuit 104B comprises, for each resistive element 102, a corresponding transistor 404 coupling it to a line 406.
- the selection circuit 104B also comprises, for example, a transistor 408 coupling line 406 to the mass.
- Transistors 404 and transistor 408 are all for example MOS transistors.
- the transistors 404 for the N elements are for example controlled by control signals WSEL1 to WSELN respectively.
- the selection and polarization circuit 104A comprises, for example, for each column, a transistor 412 having one of its main conduction nodes coupled to the line 105, and the other of its main conduction nodes coupled to the line 402.
- the control node of the transistor 412 is for example coupled via a switch 414 to an input line receiving the bias voltage p Q L switches 414 of vertical COLM COL1 are, for example controlled by corresponding control signals BSEL1 to BSELM part of the address signal aDDRESS.
- the transistor 412 is for example an NMOS transistor, and its gate node and its source node are for example both coupled to ground by a corresponding transistor 416, 418.
- the transistors 416 and 418 of the columns COL1 to COLM are for example NMOS transistors controlled at their gate nodes by signals to BSEL1 to BSELM respectively.
- the reference current generation block 115 comprises, for example, a transistor 420 forming the circuit 116 and coupled by its main conduction nodes between the line 114 and the resistive reference block 117.
- the transistor 420 is for example an NMOS transistor and has its control node coupled to the bias voltage p Q L-
- the reference resistive block 117 is also for example coupled to ground via a transistor 422, which is for example an NMOS transistor adapted to have characteristics similar to those of transistor 408 of each column of resistive memory 101.
- FIG. 5 is a timing diagram showing examples of signals in the circuit of FIGS. 1 and 4 according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 5 represents the signals CLK, ADDRESS, RAZ, BSEL1, BSEL2, BSEL3, BSELM, V DIFF , COMP and BIT.
- a first resistive element at address @ 1 is selected by activating one of the WSEL1 word line signals at WSELN (not shown in FIG. 5) and selecting a first bit by activating the control signal BSEL1.
- the RAZ signal is brought from a high state to a low state, to activate the integrator of In the example of FIG. 5, the signal p jpp then rises to a point when the signal COMP goes high, causing the comparator 124 to sample the input signal.
- the BIT signal on the output of comparator 124 thus goes high shortly thereafter.
- the signal p j pp has a small step when the signal COMP is activated, and then continues to rise until the reset signal reset is activated again on a next rising edge of the clock signal CLK.
- FIG. 6A diagrammatically illustrates the selection and biasing circuit 104A of FIG. 4 in more detail according to an alternative embodiment with respect to FIG. 4.
- the circuit 104A comprises for example two transistors 602 and 604 coupled in series by their main conduction nodes between line 105 and line 402 of the respective column. Both transistors 602 and 604 are, for example, NMOS transistors.
- the transistors 602 have, for example, their drains coupled to the node 105, and are for example controlled by the bias voltage p Q L-
- the transistor 604 of each column COL1 to COLM is for example controlled by the corresponding selection signal BSEL1 to BSELM. and has its source coupled to the corresponding line 402.
- FIG. 6B schematically illustrates the selection and polarization circuit 104A of FIG. 4 in more detail according to yet another variant embodiment.
- the circuit 104A comprises for example two transistors 606 and 608 coupled in series by their main conduction nodes between the line 105 and the line 402 of the respective column.
- the transistors 606 are for example PMOS transistors having their source nodes coupled to the line 105, and respectively controlled by the inverse signals BSEL1. to BSELM of the corresponding selection signal.
- the transistors 608 are for example NMOS transistors having their source nodes coupled to the corresponding line 402, and each controlled at its gate node by the bias voltage p Q L-
- An advantage of the circuit of Figure 6B is that the circuit has a high efficiency since the bias voltage Vp Q L is applied by the transistors 608 to the lines 402 without intermediate components.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C schematically illustrate the block
- the block 117 is constituted for example by an arrangement of K by K reference cells 701, where K is equal to two, but in variant embodiments, K could be any integer greater than or equal to 2.
- Each cell 701 comprises for example a resistive element 102 similar to those of the resistive memory 101 of FIG. 1, coupled in series with a transistor 702.
- the transistors 702 are all for example NMOS transistors, and each at its source or drain node coupled to a node of the corresponding resistive element 102, and its control node coupled to a high voltage, so that it is permanently activated.
- the cells 701 of each row of cells are for example coupled in series between them between input / output lines 704, 706 of the block 117, and the rows are for example coupled in parallel between them between the input / output lines 704, 706.
- the overall block resistance between the input / output lines 704, 706 is equal to the average resistance of the cells 701.
- the resistive elements 102 of half the rows and / or half of the columns of such cells are adapted to have a resistance ⁇ grammed high Rmax, while the other resistive elements are for example programmed to have a low resistive set of R min.
- FIG. 7B illustrates in more detail the block 117 of the reference current generation block 115 according to an exemplary variant with respect to FIG.
- variable current source 710 is for example a current source which can be calibrated, for example during a calibration phase of the memory, on the basis of test data stored in the resistive memory 101 and read by the read circuit.
- the current source 710 is for example controlled by a control signal S, for example a voltage level.
- the variable current source 710 is for example implemented by one or more polymer resistors, one or more diffusion resistors, and / or one or more MOS current sources.
- the variable current source 710 could be implemented by one or more external current sources, in other words current sources that are either disposed outside the nonvolatile memory but in the same circuit. integrated, or arranged in another integrated circuit, coupled to the non-volatile memory by an input / output pad.
- FIG. 7C illustrates in more detail the block 117 of the reference current generation block 115 according to an exemplary variant with respect to FIGS. 7A and 7B, in which it is implemented by an arrangement of L by L resistive elements 102 where L is equal to four in the example of Figure 7C. In alternative embodiments, L could be any integer equal to 2 or more.
- the resistive elements 102 of each row are for example coupled in parallel with each other, and the rows are coupled in series between the lines 704 and 706.
- the resistive elements 102 of the half rows are for example programmed to have a high resistance.
- the block 117 of the reference current generating block 115 could comprise a reference resistive element coupled between the input and output lines 704, 706 and programmed to have a resistance substantially equal to the average of the resistors.
- Rmin and Rmax of the resistive elements of the non-volatile memory are a magnetic tunnel junction which is permanently programmed in the antiparallel state, and which is dimensioned such that its resistance in this state is substantially equal to (Rmin + Rmax) / 2 .
- Figure 8 schematically illustrates a nonvolatile memory device 800 according to another embodiment.
- the device 800 comprises a current mirror having a branch comprising a transistor 112 coupled to a reference current generating block 115.
- a branch comprising a transistor 112 coupled to a reference current generating block 115.
- Each other branch is coupled to a corresponding resistive memory 101_1 to 101_L , and a corresponding block 802_1 to 802_L.
- Each of the blocks 802_1 to 802_L comprises, for example, the current integrator 122 and the comparator 124 of FIG. 1, to generate corresponding signals BIT1 to BITL.
- Each of the blocks 802_1 to 802_L receives a reference voltage j ⁇ p, which is for example equal to the voltage on the line 114 of the reference branch, or receives the reference voltages V ⁇ p] _ and / or V ⁇ REF2 used by the current integrator 122 and the comparator 124 of the blocks 802_1 to 802_L.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the spin transfer torque (STT) resistive element structures according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the resistive element 102 described herein has a structure corresponding to that of FIGS. 9A or 9B.
- the elements resistive could be elements of RAM RedOx, FeRAM elements, PC RAM elements or other types of resistive elements having a programmable resistor.
- Figure 9A illustrates a resistive element STT 900 having a magnetic in-plane anisotropy.
- the element 900 is for example substantially cylindrical, but has a section which is non-circular, for example oval, which leads for example to an increase in the retention stability of the resistive elements when the device is programmed.
- Element 900 comprises lower and upper electrodes 902 and 904, each substantially disk-shaped, and sandwiching therebetween a number of intermediate layers.
- the intermediate layers comprise from bottom to top a fixed layer 906, an oxidation barrier 908 and a storage layer 910.
- the oxidation barrier 908 consists, for example, of MgO or Al x Oy.
- the fixed layer 906 and the storage layer 910 are, for example, made of ferromagnetic material, such as CoFe.
- the spin direction of the fixed layer 906 is fixed, as shown by an arrow from left to right in FIG. 9A.
- the spin direction could be from right to left in the fixed layer 906.
- the spin direction in the memory layer 910 can be changed, as shown by arrows in opposite directions in Figure 9A.
- the spin direction is programmed by the direction of the write current I passed through the element, so that the spin direction in the storage layer is parallel, in other words is in the same direction , or is antiparallel, in other words is in the opposite direction, relative to that of the fixed layer 906.
- FIG. 9B illustrates an STT resistive element 920 having a magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the plane.
- a resistive element may for example be programmed by a write current I lower than the element 900 for a size given and / or for a given storage layer volume.
- Such an element is therefore for example used in the memory cell 900 of Figure 9, where a relatively low write current is desirable.
- the element 920 is substantially cylindrical, and has for example a circular section.
- Element 920 comprises lower and upper electrodes 922 and 924, each substantially disk-shaped and sandwiching a number of intermediate layers.
- the intermediate layers comprise, from bottom to top, a fixed layer 926, an oxidation barrier 928, and a storage layer 930.
- These layers are similar to the corresponding layers 906, 908 and 910 of the element 900, except that the fixed layer 926 and the storage layer 930 have anisotropy perpendicular to the plane, as represented by the vertical arrows in the layers 926 and 930 of Figure 9B.
- the fixed layer 926 is shown to have a bottom-to-top spin direction in FIG. 9B, but of course, in alternative embodiments, this spin direction could be from top to bottom.
- the STT element 900 or 920 of FIG. 9A or 9B is used to implement each of the resistive elements 202, 204 described here, their orientations may for example be chosen so as to minimize the level of write current which allows to program them. In particular, depending on factors such as the dimensions of the elements 202, 204, a low write current can be obtained when each element has its lower electrode 902, 922 connected to the corresponding storage node 206, 210, or the reverse .
- An advantage of the embodiments described herein is that the readout circuit permits accurate detection of the read current flowing in the resistive element during a read operation.
- the programmable resistive states of the resistive elements forming the resistive memory can have relatively similar strengths, which provides a compact circuit and low power consumption.
- the supply voltage VDD in the various embodiments could be at any level, for example between 1 and 3 V, and rather than being at 0. V, the ground voltage could also be considered as a supply voltage that could be at any level, such as a negative level.
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- Mram Or Spin Memory Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1461717A FR3029342B1 (fr) | 2014-12-01 | 2014-12-01 | Circuit de lecture pour memoire resistive |
PCT/FR2015/053273 WO2016087763A1 (fr) | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | Circuit de lecture pour mémoire résistive |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3227889A1 true EP3227889A1 (fr) | 2017-10-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15810692.2A Withdrawn EP3227889A1 (fr) | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | Circuit de lecture pour mémoire résistive |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10304529B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3227889A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3029342B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016087763A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10923204B2 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2021-02-16 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | Fully testible OTP memory |
US10916317B2 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2021-02-09 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | Programmable resistance memory on thin film transistor technology |
US10586832B2 (en) | 2011-02-14 | 2020-03-10 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | One-time programmable devices using gate-all-around structures |
US10032509B2 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2018-07-24 | Toshiba Memory Corporation | Semiconductor memory device including variable resistance element |
KR102659651B1 (ko) * | 2017-01-09 | 2024-04-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 비휘발성 메모리 장치의 고전압 스위치 회로 및 비휘발성 메모리 장치 |
US11062786B2 (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2021-07-13 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | One-time programmable memories with low power read operation and novel sensing scheme |
US10535413B2 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2020-01-14 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | Low power read operation for programmable resistive memories |
US11615859B2 (en) | 2017-04-14 | 2023-03-28 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | One-time programmable memories with ultra-low power read operation and novel sensing scheme |
US10770160B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2020-09-08 | Attopsemi Technology Co., Ltd | Programmable resistive memory formed by bit slices from a standard cell library |
TWI830054B (zh) * | 2021-08-26 | 2024-01-21 | 國立陽明交通大學 | 記憶體內運算裝置 |
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US4809225A (en) | 1987-07-02 | 1989-02-28 | Ramtron Corporation | Memory cell with volatile and non-volatile portions having ferroelectric capacitors |
EP1220228B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-29 | 2008-12-24 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Procédé de programmation pour mémoire non-volatile |
JP3812805B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-16 | 2006-08-23 | 日本電気株式会社 | トンネル磁気抵抗素子を利用した半導体記憶装置 |
JP4113423B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-04 | 2008-07-09 | シャープ株式会社 | 半導体記憶装置及びリファレンスセルの補正方法 |
US7423897B2 (en) * | 2004-10-01 | 2008-09-09 | Ovonyx, Inc. | Method of operating a programmable resistance memory array |
US7280405B2 (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2007-10-09 | Tower Semiconductor Ltd. | Integrator-based current sensing circuit for reading memory cells |
US7154774B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-12-26 | Ovonyx, Inc. | Detecting switching of access elements of phase change memory cells |
TWI303068B (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2008-11-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Sense amplifier circuit |
US7286429B1 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2007-10-23 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | High speed sensing amplifier for an MRAM cell |
US7345912B2 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2008-03-18 | Grandis, Inc. | Method and system for providing a magnetic memory structure utilizing spin transfer |
EP1883113B1 (fr) * | 2006-07-27 | 2010-03-10 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Dispositif mémoire à changement de phase |
JP5607870B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-25 | 2014-10-15 | ピーエスフォー ルクスコ エスエイアールエル | 電流センス回路及びこれを備えた半導体記憶装置 |
JP5066211B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-11-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 不揮発性半導体記憶装置 |
US20130082936A1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Sensor array with high linearity |
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2014
- 2014-12-01 FR FR1461717A patent/FR3029342B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-12-01 EP EP15810692.2A patent/EP3227889A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-01 WO PCT/FR2015/053273 patent/WO2016087763A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-12-01 US US15/531,782 patent/US10304529B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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See also references of WO2016087763A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2016087763A1 (fr) | 2016-06-09 |
FR3029342B1 (fr) | 2018-01-12 |
US20170271005A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
FR3029342A1 (fr) | 2016-06-03 |
US10304529B2 (en) | 2019-05-28 |
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