EP3226959A1 - Électrode d'électrostimulation - Google Patents

Électrode d'électrostimulation

Info

Publication number
EP3226959A1
EP3226959A1 EP15820442.0A EP15820442A EP3226959A1 EP 3226959 A1 EP3226959 A1 EP 3226959A1 EP 15820442 A EP15820442 A EP 15820442A EP 3226959 A1 EP3226959 A1 EP 3226959A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elastic
electrode according
electrode
elastic pad
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15820442.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ANT Applied Neuroscience Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
ANT Applied Neuroscience Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ANT Applied Neuroscience Technologies GmbH filed Critical ANT Applied Neuroscience Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP3226959A1 publication Critical patent/EP3226959A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
    • A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0452—Specially adapted for transcutaneous muscle stimulation [TMS]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
    • A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
    • A61N1/0456—Specially adapted for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation [TENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B29K2105/046—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with closed cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode for electrostimulation in medical and non-medical applications, for example for measuring or introducing currents in muscles or nerves, which is an elastic ped with a storage structure for an electrolyte, the one
  • Front side for attachment of the electrode on the skin of a living and having a back for electrical contacting, and at least one electrically conductive
  • Contacting structure comprises.
  • Electrodes of the aforementioned type for the electrical stimulation of muscles or nerves and for measuring or introducing currents in humans and animals are well known.
  • the electrodes are usually either provided with permanently mounted cables or have connections such as sockets or the like for plugging in cables for connecting the electrodes to measuring or therapy devices.
  • the electrodes each have a conductive, usually metallic contact surface, on which an elastic substrate with a storage capacity for a liquid or gel electrolyte is attached.
  • an elastic substrate with a storage capacity for a liquid or gel electrolyte is attached.
  • Electrolytes such as isotonic saline or
  • Electrode pad for bringing in contact with the human body, by means of which current impulses are to be transmitted for the stimulation of muscles. Because of this Electrode pad is worn over the sports clothing and thus does not rest directly on the skin, the pedestal should have a liquid supply that wets the worn sportswear under pressure, which is to ensure the flow of power pulses.
  • Metal layer is disposed between a cover layer and a fabric layer. Also from the
  • Electrode known in the medical field, wherein the electrodes are applied to a base layer and covered by a gel layer.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electrode for electrostimulation, for example, for medical applications such as the measurement or introduction of currents in muscles or nerves, especially for transcranial electrostimulation, but also for non-medical
  • the elastic Päd at least one locking structure for obstructing a lateral
  • Electrolyte flow has. Advantageous embodiments and further developments are in the dependent claims
  • Electrolytes comprising a front for attaching the electrode to the skin of a living being and a
  • the elastic Päd has at least one barrier structure for inhibiting a lateral electrolyte flow.
  • lateral is a flow of the
  • Electrolytes in the plane of the electrode i. parallel to the front of the elastic pad, which comes into contact with the skin, to be understood, which as far as possible should not take place.
  • the elastic substrate is provided with structures that prevent or at least severely hinder the unimpeded flow in this plane, so that the electrolyte remains in place for a uniform contact of the skin.
  • the elastic Päd is segmented by at least one locking structure in at least two partial surfaces. In this way, several contact surfaces are parallel to the skin
  • a contact bump may be arranged on each partial area, which can be electrically contacted separately.
  • all partial surfaces of the elastic pad a common electrically conductive Have contacting structure. This can for example be realized in that the back of the elastic pad is electrically conductive as a whole or that an additional electrically conductive contact surface is connected to the back of the elastic pad or electrically contacted, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • At least one blocking structure comprises a groove-like depression between two adjacent partial surfaces.
  • the groove-like depression between two adjacent sub-surfaces acts as a barrier structure
  • the elastic Päd is made of a foamed elastomer.
  • the storage structure may be formed of open-pore foamed elastomer and comprise at least one barrier structure, a region of the elastic pad, which is formed from non-foamed elastomer or closed-cell foamed elastomer.
  • the elastic pad may be made of a selectively opened foamed elastomer, wherein the memory structure of foamed open-pore
  • Elastomer is formed and at least one barrier structure comprises a portion of the elastic pad, the foamed closed-pored elastomer is formed.
  • Foamed elastomer is usually closed-pored after production. Closed-pore elastomer works well as a barrier structure to prevent lateral electrolyte flow. For the storage structure which is to receive the electrolyte, however, the elastomer must be open-pored. The pores in the areas of the elastic pad provided as a storage structure can be opened by selective perforation or compression.
  • Partial surfaces of the elastic pad acts and thereby opens their pores, which thus for example even has segments that define the shape, arrangement and size of the partial surfaces, a simple segmentation of the elastic pad can be done in which selectively through the segments of the perforation ⁇ or pressing tool only partial areas of the elastic pad can be opened by perforation or pressure.
  • the elastic Päd can also be made of a selectively foamed elastomer, wherein the
  • Memory structure of foamed elastomer is formed and at least one barrier structure, an area of the
  • Elastomer is formed. Again, the pores are opened by selective action after foaming of the elastomer, as far as the elastomer during foaming a
  • At least one of the skin-facing part surface of the front of the elastic pad is formed by foamed material, wherein an open-pore Foam is preferred, and other faces not
  • the electrical conductivity between the back and front of the elastic pad can also be achieved by subsequently compressing the foamed areas or simply or preferably multiply perforating them so that the same effect is achieved as with an open-celled foam that is from the
  • barrier structures that is, for example, the peripheral edge region of the elastic pad and / or strip-shaped regions that form the front side of the elastic pad in two or more
  • Segmenting partial surfaces can be generated by the fact that in these areas, the elastomer just not
  • the elastomer is foamed, so that the elastomer remains relatively compact and thus liquid-impermeable compared to the other foamed areas, wherein the foamed Areas of the absorption and storage of electrolyte and thus the electrical contacting of the skin are used.
  • At least one barrier structure is formed from a plurality of material strands arranged one above the other and at least partially interconnected.
  • the material strands can, for example, from a non-foamed
  • Elastomer such as silicone or the like exist. They can be generated for example by means of a plotter. If several such strands of material are stacked, they together form a barrier structure which has approximately the shape of a wall, wherein superimposed
  • Material strands can connect to each other along their entire length or in sections. Even if the
  • Intersecting barrier structures are formed by material strands of a first barrier structure and
  • Material strands of a second, the first barrier structure intersecting barrier structure are arranged alternately one above the other, wherein contacting material strands of the first locking structure and the second locking structure in
  • Intersection area are interconnected.
  • a plotter can first generate strands of material in several lines. Subsequently, material strands are produced thereon in several columns, so that the strands of material lying in columns intersect the strands of material lying in rows and rest thereon. This is followed by a position in rows, followed by a position in columns, etc. Intersecting walls are created, one lateral
  • the elastic pad on the back has a back side layer of intersecting strands of material, which are each connected to each other in the crossing region.
  • Backside layer can serve for fastening the elastic pad and / or for electrical contacting.
  • Backside layer and the barrier structures can be any suitable Backside layer and the barrier structures.
  • first material strands are placed at very close spacing in rows and then also with very little distance in columns that combine to form a flat structure that is either closed (if the material strands with a sufficiently small distance have been laid down) or similar to a flat fabric between the material strands has small holes.
  • blocking structures can be produced on this flat structure, which forms the backside layer of the elastic pad, as described above, without dr Material flow must be interrupted.
  • the elastic pad can have one or more, for example for each limited by blocking structures part surface per one, electrical contacting structure, for example, a contact mound, to which an electrical cable on its back
  • conductive contact surface can be dispensed with.
  • additional electrically conductive contact surface can also be advantageously provided in this embodiment.
  • the elastomer is electrically conductive at least in the region of the memory structure.
  • the elastomer is electrically non-conductive at least in the region of the barrier structure. This further improves the electrical conductivity of the elastic pad in cooperation with the electrolyte stored therein.
  • the electrically non-conductive design of the barrier structures prevents a short circuit between the individual faces of the memory structure, so that is measurable and recognizable for each individual area, whether sufficient
  • Conductivity of the elastomer can be achieved, for example, in that the elastomer is mixed with electrically conductive particles, for example of metal or graphite.
  • Backside layer of non-foamed elastomer causes the execution of an electrically conductive elastomer that has an electrical conductivity of the
  • the elastic Päd a circumferential elastic collar for fastening the
  • a metal plate is a base plate of the electrically conductive contacting structure, which is contacted by cables, while the elastic Päd on the one hand with the electrically conductive contact surface in electrically conductive connection and on the other hand makes the contact with the skin.
  • the elastic pedestal takes over in this case only the mediation between the electrically conductive
  • protruding contacting structure is arranged. This significantly improves the electrical contact between the additional electrically conductive contact surface and the elastic pedestal. Is that elastic ped in
  • Segmented segments so it is advisable to provide for each individual partial surface projecting into the respective partial surface of the elastic pad contact element, which may for example have the shape of a cone, the When attaching the elastic pad by light pressure penetrates the back of the elastic pad.
  • the invention is based on
  • Fig. 1 to 6 are plan views of exemplary embodiments of elastic pads with multiple faces and
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 are cross-sectional views of examples
  • Embodiments of elastic pads 1, the barrier structures 12 for obstructing a lateral flow of electrolyte have, these barrier structures 12 are only schematically indicated as dashes, without going into detail on the specific configuration.
  • Each of the elastic pads 1 shown is subdivided by such blocking structures 12 into a plurality of sub-areas 11, whereby the blocking structures 12 arranged between each two adjacent sub-areas 11 form the lateral ones
  • a barrier structure 12 is arranged so that it surrounds the edge region of the elastic pad 1, so that the lateral exit of electrolyte from the elastic Päd 1 is prevented.
  • the elastic pads 1 each have a circular shape, while the elastic pads 1 in the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6 are square.
  • the circular basic shape of the elastic pad 1 is in
  • the square basic shape of the elastic pad 1 is divided in the embodiment of FIG. 5 by blocking structures 12 in the form of side-parallel lines in a matrix-like arrangement of square faces 11, while the
  • Partial surfaces 11 in the embodiment of FIG. 6 are produced by a combination of barrier structures 12 in the form of a square and a plurality of diagonally extending lines. Concrete embodiments of the barrier structures 12 and the electrically conductive contacting structures are shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 9.
  • each cross-sections through the electrode each comprising an elastic pedestal 1 and an electrically conductive contacting structure 2.
  • the elastic pa 1 has in each case a plurality of partial surfaces 11, two of which are visible in the selected sectional representation. These sub-areas 11 are each delimited from one another by blocking structures 12 such that a lateral electrolyte flow, ie an exchange of Electrolyte, is suppressed between the adjacent partial surfaces 11. In addition, the edge areas of the
  • the elastic ped 1 has a storage structure for an electrolyte.
  • This storage structure corresponds to the partial surfaces 11, which are formed by an open-pore elastomeric foam.
  • the upper side of the electrode represents the surface which is brought into contact with the skin.
  • each is a continuous backsheet 14 from
  • the elastic ped 1 is with this underside at one
  • Contacting structure 2 is in electrically conductive connection with the memory structure. This includes the
  • Contacting structure 2 each have at least one base plate with at least one contact element 21, which produces the conductive connection to a partial surface 11, and at least one connection pin 23 for connecting a signal cable.
  • two contact elements 21, which produce the conductive connection to a respective partial area 11, are arranged on a base plate 22. All
  • Barrier structures 12 of the elastic pad 1 that is, both the elastic Ped 1 enclosing barrier structure 12 and the arranged between the two partial surfaces 11
  • Locking structure 12, as the backsheet 14 of the elastic pad 1 consist of closed-cell elastomeric foam.
  • the backsheet 14 of the elastic pad 1 consist of closed-cell elastomeric foam.
  • Locking structure 12 again does not consist
  • closed-pore elastomeric foam while arranged between the two adjacent partial surfaces 11 locking structure 12 is formed by a groove-like depression between the adjacent partial surfaces 11.
  • Contact elements 21 are conical in this embodiment, so that the tips of the not
  • foamed elastomer back layer 14 of the elastic pad can easily penetrate.
  • the elastic Ped 1 enclosing barrier structure 12 does not exist in this embodiment
  • a groove-like depression between the adjacent partial surfaces 11 and additionally at the edge of each partial surface each comprise a strip of non-foamed
  • Elastic Päd 1 a circumferential elastic collar 13, with which the elastic Päd 1 to the electric
  • the barrier structures 12 of non-foamed elastomer project beyond the front of the elastic pad 1 and thus the skin facing
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 show various views of an elastic pad 1, which consists entirely of plotted silicone strands, the one
  • Fig. 10 is a plan view of the front
  • Fig. 11 is a plan view of the back
  • Fig. 12 is a perspective view.
  • the backsheet layer 14 is composed of a layer of a plurality of rows and columns of each other
  • the barrier structures 12 are arranged, which were also generated in the same operation of intersecting strands of material. In this case, rows of material deposited in rows of several first
  • Memory structures 12a and the second memory structures 12b are interconnected in the respective crossing area.
  • the arrows indicate the direction in which the first Barrier structures 12a and the second barrier structures 12b extend.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown corresponds approximately to the configuration of FIG. 5. However, it is understood that any other methods can be used with the described method

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une électrode destinée à l'électrostimulation. L'électrode comprend un tampon élastique (1) doté d'une structure de mémoire pour un électrolyte et qui comporte une face avant destinée à l'application de l'électrode sur la peau d'un être vivant et une face arrière destinée au contact électrique. L'électrode comprend également au moins une structure de contact (2) électriquement conductrice et elle est caractérisée en ce que le tampon élastique (1) comporte au moins une structure de blocage (12) destinée à empêcher un flux latéral d'électrolyte.
EP15820442.0A 2014-12-04 2015-12-04 Électrode d'électrostimulation Withdrawn EP3226959A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014117908.0A DE102014117908B4 (de) 2014-12-04 2014-12-04 Elektrode für Elektrostimulation
PCT/EP2015/078665 WO2016087646A1 (fr) 2014-12-04 2015-12-04 Électrode d'électrostimulation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3226959A1 true EP3226959A1 (fr) 2017-10-11

Family

ID=55070981

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15820442.0A Withdrawn EP3226959A1 (fr) 2014-12-04 2015-12-04 Électrode d'électrostimulation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20170326353A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3226959A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014117908B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016087646A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111214216B (zh) * 2020-04-22 2020-08-14 浙江乾行信息技术有限公司 一种基于手掌表面微电信号变化获取心率的采集装置

Family Cites Families (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3865099A (en) * 1973-05-18 1975-02-11 Texas Instruments Inc Medical electrode and method of making
US4092985A (en) * 1974-11-25 1978-06-06 John George Kaufman Body electrode for electro-medical use
US3989035A (en) * 1975-08-04 1976-11-02 Stemmen Laboratory, Inc. Disposable medical electrode
US4177817A (en) * 1978-02-01 1979-12-11 C. R. Bard, Inc. Dual terminal transcutaneous electrode
US4350165A (en) * 1980-05-23 1982-09-21 Trw Inc. Medical electrode assembly
US4660562A (en) * 1985-03-07 1987-04-28 House Sr Hugh A Multi-event biomedical electrode assembly
JPH0536404Y2 (fr) * 1987-03-30 1993-09-14
CA1335303C (fr) * 1988-09-22 1995-04-18 Jerome E. Strand Electrode biomedicale
GB8922836D0 (en) * 1989-10-11 1989-11-29 Mcadams Eric T Biosignal electrode
EP0970719A3 (fr) * 1998-07-08 2000-08-23 Nitto Denko Corporation Structure d'électrode
US7599746B2 (en) * 2000-02-17 2009-10-06 Standen Ltd Apparatus and method for preventing the spread of cancerous metastases and for elimination of metastases
US7171276B2 (en) * 2001-06-29 2007-01-30 Abbott Laboratories Hydrogel and scrim assembly for use with electro-acupuncture device with stimulation electrodes
US20030149462A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-07 White Sheldon S. Medical electrodes
US20060047215A1 (en) * 2004-09-01 2006-03-02 Welch Allyn, Inc. Combined sensor assembly
JP2010529897A (ja) * 2007-06-15 2010-09-02 ニトリツク・バイオ・セラピユーテイクス・インコーポレーテツド 動電学的薬剤配送の電流集中緩和方法とシステム
DE102007046886B4 (de) * 2007-09-28 2010-07-29 Dieter Miehlich EMS-Kleidungsstück und Elektrode sowie EMS-Modul dafür
US8868216B2 (en) * 2008-11-21 2014-10-21 Covidien Lp Electrode garment
BRPI1009996A2 (pt) * 2009-03-06 2018-10-30 Mcneil Ppc Inc dispositivo de estimulação elétrica com modalidades sensoriais adicionais
EP2588187B1 (fr) * 2010-07-02 2016-08-17 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Électrode jetable pour électrostimulation
CN103997957B (zh) * 2011-10-19 2016-03-30 科尼翁尼克斯公司 利用干电极进行生物电势感测的设备、系统和方法
US9283371B2 (en) * 2012-02-29 2016-03-15 Thu-Ha Duncan Electro-stimulation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102014117908A1 (de) 2016-06-23
DE102014117908B4 (de) 2016-09-22
WO2016087646A1 (fr) 2016-06-09
US20170326353A1 (en) 2017-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2575731B1 (fr) Ensemble d'électrodes
EP3566552B1 (fr) Élément d'appui souple plat pour un traitement par plasma à barrière diélectrique
DE2234960C3 (de) Elektrischer Stecker
EP3292885B1 (fr) Système de conducteur d'électrode élastique et implant médical
EP3989800B1 (fr) Agencement d'électrodes permettant de mesurer des tensions électriques
DE1540251A1 (de) Anschlussstift fuer gedruckte Schaltungen
DE3025840C2 (de) Kettenglied für eine Gleiskette
DE102018110239A1 (de) Elektrodenpad zur elektrischen Stimulation
DE2247498C3 (fr)
EP3226959A1 (fr) Électrode d'électrostimulation
DE102012223940A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum elektrischen Kontaktieren von Leiterplatten
DE102015204915B4 (de) Wärmeleitkörper mit einer Koppeloberfläche mit Vertiefung und Wärmetransfervorrichtung
DE102010021877B4 (de) Elektrodenanordnung
DE102010055100A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Mikrostromstimulation einer Wunde
DE19840501C1 (de) Kontaktierungsvorrichtung aus elastischem Material
EP3955810A1 (fr) Électrode
EP3280492A1 (fr) Boîtier pour implant médical avec passage conducteur de courant
DE202014004787U1 (de) Stimulationsvorrichtung
DE102021109081A1 (de) Mauspadeinrichtung
CH608926A5 (en) Electrical connector for connecting conductor tracks on two substrates which are spaced apart from one another and are essentially parallel
DE2039852C (de) Schraubenlose Klemme
WO2023166186A1 (fr) Pansement
DE1540341C (de) Schalttafel, versehen mit einer An zahl von nach einem bestimmten Muster ge ordneten Steckbuchsen
AT509258A1 (de) Schublade
DE1540154C (de) In dem Loch einer Platte aus hartem, sprödem und nur schwach elastischem Werkstoff befestigter elektrischer Anschlußstift

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20170630

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20180221