EP3224233A1 - Procede de metathese - Google Patents
Procede de metatheseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3224233A1 EP3224233A1 EP15807956.6A EP15807956A EP3224233A1 EP 3224233 A1 EP3224233 A1 EP 3224233A1 EP 15807956 A EP15807956 A EP 15807956A EP 3224233 A1 EP3224233 A1 EP 3224233A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fatty acid
- sorbent
- weight
- process according
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/475—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by splitting of carbon-to-carbon bonds and redistribution, e.g. disproportionation or migration of groups between different molecules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/347—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups
- C07C51/353—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reactions not involving formation of carboxyl groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/333—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/56—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for metathesis of olefin (s) and more particularly fatty acid (s) or ester (s) of fatty acid comprising at least one unsaturation.
- Metathesis is a carbon-carbon bond formation reaction that in many cases greatly shortens synthetic strategies. In addition, this reaction has the advantage of producing few by-products and hazardous waste.
- the word metathesis comes from the Greek “meta” (change) and "tera” (place). This reaction, whose mechanism was elucidated by the team of Yves Chauvin in 1971, aims to change the place of the fragments.
- metathesis of olefin (s) is a chemical reaction which induces a redistribution of the alkylidene fragments by cleavage of a carbon-carbon double bond, for example according to the following scheme:
- a and B each represent unsubstituted substituents.
- the metathesis reaction can take place between two different olefins (direction 2 in the diagram above); we will then speak of cross metathesis.
- the metathesis reaction can take place between two identical olefins (direction 1 in the diagram above); we will then speak of homometathesis.
- a metathesis catalyst such as transition metal catalysts.
- transition metals are ruthenium, tungsten or molybdenum, but also less commonly osmium, chromium or rhenium. These catalysts may be supported and / or in the presence of ionic liquid.
- ruthenium catalysts such as those proposed by Grubbs and Hoveyda. These catalysts make it possible not only to obtain excellent conversions, but also have the advantage of being stable in air. However, their costs can be significant. In addition, although few data are available to assess the toxicity of ruthenium, it appears that the latter is at least genotoxic. The EMEA ("European Medicines Agency") has therefore issued a recommendation that the oral limit of exposure to ruthenium be 10 ppm per day (see "Guideline on ihe specification of limits for residues of metal catalyst or meta reagents"). February 21, 2008).
- the objective of the industrialists is therefore to reduce to the minimum the necessary amount of catalyst to make the industrialization of the metathesis process economically acceptable and more respectful of the environment.
- One way of reducing the amount of metathesis catalyst is to avoid any loss of efficiency of said catalyst. Indeed, by increasing the efficiency and / or the life of the catalyst, it is possible to use a smaller amount during the reaction.
- One approach to limit catalyst efficiency losses is to reduce the amount of catalyst poisons in the reaction medium.
- a catalyst poison is a substance that blocks or inhibits the catalyzed reaction, most often by binding to the catalyst, more strongly than the reactant whose reaction is to be catalyzed.
- the poisons prevent the olefin from binding to the catalyst.
- a strategy therefore consists in attempting to reduce the amount of catalyst poisons.
- the main poisons are products resulting from oxidative degradation (primary and secondary oxidation products), such as peroxides, hydroperoxides and aldehydes.
- impurities present in the fatty acids which are likely to impair the effectiveness of the catalyst are glycerol, water, alcohols, ketones, nitriies, terminal conjugated polyolefins, metal residues and colored impurities.
- Treatment methods have been described, in particular to reduce the amount of peroxides.
- WO2009 / 020665 discloses a method of metathesis of a starting material, said starting material being a natural oil or a derivative, wherein the starting material undergoes a heat treatment at a temperature above 100 ° C, prior to the introduction of the metathesis catalyst, the heat treatment having the objective of reducing the catalyst poisons.
- the natural oil derivative may be a fatty acid or a fatty acid alkyl ester derived from natural oil.
- the starting material can also be treated with adsorbents. there is therefore still a need for a method of metathesis of fatty acid (s) or ester (s) of fatty acid to obtain an optimized conversion.
- the work of the inventors has made it possible to demonstrate that, in the context of a method for metathesis of fatty acid (s) or ester (s) of fatty acid comprising at least one unsaturation, a particular treatment of said one or more acid (s) or ester (s) significantly increased the conversion of the metathesis reaction.
- the present invention thus relates to a metathesis process comprising bringing at least one fatty acid or fatty acid ester into contact with a metathesis catalyst, said fatty acid or fatty acid ester comprising at least one unsaturation, in which the fatty acid or ester is treated with a sorbent before it is brought into contact with the metathesis catalyst, the sorbent being maintained in the reaction medium when the fatty acid or ester is brought into contact with the metathesis catalyst.
- the maintenance in the reaction medium of the sorbent in the process according to the invention does not lead to poisoning of the catalyst by the sorbent, but has the advantage of improving the conversion rate of the fatty acid or of the fatty acid ester having at least one unsaturation (see Examples 3b), 4 and 5).
- the process according to the invention avoids any step of separating the sorbent from the fatty acid and / or from the acid ester comprising an unsaturation, such as a liquid-solid separation operation by filtration, decantation or centrifugation.
- a fatty acid having an unsaturation and / or a fatty acid ester having an unsaturation is targeted.
- sorbent is meant an adsorbent and / or an absorbent.
- the sorbano is selected from silicas, metal oxides (such as aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, and / or titanium oxide), aluminosilicates, titanosines, and the like. icates, activated carbons, molecular sieves (such as microporous coals, zeolites, aluminosilicates, etc.) or mixtures thereof.
- each sorbent can be used alone or mixed with one or more other sorbents selected from the list above.
- the sorbent is advantageously dried at a temperature of at least 60 ° C., preferably at least 80 ° C., prior to the treatment of the fatty acid and / or the acid ester. with at least one unsaturation.
- the drying time is at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 1 hour.
- the metathesis method according to the invention relates to fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters comprising at least one unsaturation.
- the fatty acid or the fatty acid ester comprising at least one unsaturation is of formula (I) below:
- n is an integer from 1 to 21,
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the case of a fatty acid or a straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of a fatty acid ester,
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl chain, linear or branched, of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups, carboxyl and / or ester (s) .
- R-. is a hydrogen atom and R 2 is a straight or branched chain, alkyl or alkenyl chain, of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted by a carboxyl group
- the fatty acid of formula (I) is a diacid.
- R is a linear or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R 2 is a linear or branched, linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted by an ester group
- the ester of formula (I) is a diester and the ester group is preferably a -COORi group, with R 1 as indicated above.
- the fatty acid or the fatty acid ester is of formula (I) in which:
- n is an integer from 1 to 21,
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the case of a fatty acid or a linear or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of a fatty acid ester,
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups.
- the fatty acid or the fatty acid ester is of formula (I) in which:
- n is an integer from 5 to 13
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the case of a fatty acid or a linear or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of a fatty acid ester,
- R 2 is a linear or branched alkyl chain of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a hydroxyl group.
- the fatty acid or the fatty acid ester is of formula (I) in which:
- n is an integer between 7 and 1 1
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom in the case of a fatty acid or a linear alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the case of a fatty acid ester,
- R 2 is a linear alkyl chain of 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is an alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl or an ethyl.
- the fatty acid or fatty acid of the fatty acid ester is preferably a monounsaturated fatty acid and may be myristoleic acid (cis-9-tetradecenoic acid) or palmitoleic acid (cis-9-hexadecenoic acid) , oieic (cis-9-octadecenoic), eiaidic (frans-9-octadecenoic), ricinoleic (12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic), gadoieic (cis-9-eicosenoic) and / or erucic (cis-13-docosenoic) ).
- the fatty acid is oic acid and the fatty acid ester is an aliphatic acid, preferably methyl oleate.
- the fatty acid or fatty acid of the fatty acid ester may be polyunsaturated, such as linoleic acid ((9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid) or its isomers, the ⁇ -linolenic acid ((6Z, 9Z, 12Z) -octadeca-6,9,12-trienoic) and / or ⁇ -linolenic acid ((9Z, 12Z, 15Z) -octadeca-9, 12, 15-trienoic )
- the metathesis process according to the invention is carried out on a product to be treated, comprising at least one fatty acid or a fatty acid ester, comprising an unsaturation.
- the product to be treated may comprise a single type of fatty acid or fatty acid ester, comprising at least one unsaturation, or a mixture of different fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters, of which at least one has at least one unsaturation.
- the fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters used in the process according to the invention are advantageously of natural origin, that is to say from a plant, animal or plant. an algae. More particularly, the fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters used may be derived from rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, oleic sunflower oil, castor oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, palm oil, tallow oil, bacon, olive, cotton, flax, corn, Chinese wood, peanut, calendula, grape seed.
- the product to be treated can be:
- hydrolysed vegetable oil such as a hydrolysed oleaginous oil, or hydrolyzed triglycerides
- alkyl esters of a vegetable oil such as an oleaginous oil
- alkyl esters of triglycerides for example obtained by transesterification of the vegetable oil or triglycerides.
- the hydrolysed vegetable oil, the hydrolyzed triglycerides, the vegetable oil alkyl esters and / or the triglyceride alkyl esters may optionally have undergone a purification, such as a distillation, in order to enrich the product to be treated with certain fatty acids and / or or fatty acid esters having at least one unsaturation. Impurities may therefore be present in the product to be treated. These can be various depending on the origin of the oil or triglycerides and more or less numerous, depending on the degree of purification.
- the product to be treated is therefore preferably a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester, comprising at least one unsaturation, or a mixture of fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters, at least one of which contains at least one unsaturation, in all its degrees of purity and more particularly, a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester of formula (I) or a mixture of fatty acid (s) and / or acid ester (s) wherein at least one is of formula (I) in all its degrees of purity.
- the degree of purity of the product to be treated is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%.
- oleic acid Nouracid HE 1885 sold by Oieon, Ertveide, Belgium, used in Examples 2 and 8, has a degree of purity of 85%.
- This oleic acid is obtained by hydrolysis of a high oleic acid oil in the presence of water.
- Radia® 7072 marketed by Oleon, Ertvelde, Belgium, used in Example 1 is obtained by transesterification of a high oleic acid oil in the presence of methanol.
- Radia ⁇ 7072 is therefore methyl oleate with a degree of purity of 85%.
- the treatment with the sorbent is carried out with a quantity of sorbent of between 0.01 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the product to be treated.
- the amount of sorbent is between 0.05 and 5%, more preferably between 0.1 and 3.5%.
- the treatment with the sorbent is carried out with a quantity of sorbent of between 0.1 and 1.0%, for example at a quantity of approximately 0.9%, plus or minus 0.1%, by weight. , on the weight of the product to be treated.
- the treatment with the sorbent is carried out with an amount of sorbent of about 3%, plus or minus 0.1%, by weight, on the weight of the product to be treated.
- the amount of sorbent to be introduced for the treatment can be evaluated on the total weight of fatty acid (s) and / or ester (s) of fatty acid comprising at least one unsaturation.
- the amount of sorbent is between 0.02 and 20% by weight, preferably between 0.01 and 10% by weight, more preferably between 0.2 and 5% by weight relative to the total weight of acid.
- Fat having at least one unsaturation.
- the temperature at which the treatment with the sorbent is carried out is preferably between 20 and 80 ° C. In addition, the treatment is carried out for at least one hour.
- the temperature is between 40 and 80 ° C. More preferably still, the treatment is carried out at a temperature of about 50 ° C.
- the treatment with the sorbent is preferably carried out for at least one hour and a half, more preferably still, for two hours.
- the treatment with the sorbent can be carried out for at least six hours, preferably for fifteen hours.
- the metathesis catalyst in the process according to the invention is preferably a ruthenium catalyst, and preferably a catalyst having the following formula (II):
- R 3 is an alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally branched
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl chain of 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkyl ether with an alkyl chain of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a group -NH-CO-R 6 , in which R 6 is an optionally branched oxyalkyl chain of 1 to 15 carbon atoms or an alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by halogen atoms.
- the catalyst has the formula (M) above in which:
- R 3 is an optionally branched alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl chain of 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- - R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a group ⁇ NH-CG-R 6 , wherein R 6 is an oxyalkyl chain of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, optionally branched or an alkyl chain of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted with halogen atoms.
- the catalyst has the formula (M) above in which:
- R 3 is an alkyl chain of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, optionally branched, more preferably a methyl or isopropyl,
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl
- R 5 is a hydrogen atom or a group -NH-CO-R 6 , wherein R 6 is an oxyalkyl chain of 1 to 5 branched carbon atoms, oxyalkyl chain of 7 to 12 unbranched carbon atoms or a trifluoromethyl .
- FIGS. 1A and B Particularly advantageous examples of catalyst are given in FIGS. 1A and B. These are the M7 r catalysts Sipr, M7 3 -SiPr, M7 3 -like ( t Bu), M7 3 -like (C12) available from Omega Cat System, cesson-Sevigne, France and catalysts Hoveyda-Grubbs 2 (HG II) and Hoveyda-Grubbs 2-SIPr (HG II SIPr) marketed by Materia Inc., Pasadena, USA. These catalysts have proved particularly effective in carrying out the metathesis reactions according to the invention (see Example 8).
- the catalyst used in the metathesis reaction may be optionally supported.
- the supports may be varied and may be selected from the group consisting of resins, polymers, PEGs or silica gels having an amino group, hydroxy, alkyl, haloalkyl or carboxylic surface or terminal. Carbon nanotubes and biopolymers can also be conceivable supports.
- the catalyst may be added in dissolved form in an organic solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane, in particular degassed and distilled dichioromethane, or in powder form in the initial reaction mixture.
- the catalyst may be added in dissolved form in an organic solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane, in particular degassed and distilled dichloromethane, or in powder form in the initial reaction medium.
- the catalyst can be added to the reaction medium either all at once (addition of the catalyst over a period of time of less than 5 min, preferably 30 s), or continuously / several times over a period of time greater than or equal to 5 min. at most the duration of the metathesis reaction.
- a time period of 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour or even 2 hours may be even longer in the case of a bomometathesis of fatty acid (s), for example over a period of 12h or 24h.
- the metathesis reaction is carried out at a temperature above 25 ° C and below 100 ° C, preferably at a temperature between 40 and 80X, more preferably still at a temperature between 45 and 65 ° C.
- the reaction may also be carried out at a pressure of between 1 and 100 bar (s), preferably between 1 and 30 bar (s).
- the metathesis reaction is carried out at a temperature between 48 to 55 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 50 ° C, i.e., plus or minus 1 ° C.
- the metathesis process according to the invention may be carried out in the presence or absence of solvent and / or ionic liquid.
- the metathesis reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent.
- the metathesis reaction can be carried out in the presence of solvent and / or ionic liquids.
- the ionic liquids may be chosen from the group consisting of the liquid salts of general formula Q + A - in which Q + represents a quaternary ammonium, a quaternary phosphonium, a quaternary guanidinium or a quaternary suiphonium and A- represents an anion capable of forming a liquid salt below 90 ° C.
- the reaction may be carried out under an inert atmosphere, for example under a nitrogen or argon atmosphere.
- the sorbent preferably comprises at least 50% of silica and has a pH of less than 8.
- the pH of the sorbent is measured according to the ISO 787-9 standard (see Example 7).
- the product to be treated comprises a fatty acid.
- the sorbent is chosen so as to have a pH less than or equal to 7.5 and to comprise at least 50% by weight of SiO 2 and at least 5% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- the pH of the sorbent is less than 7, more preferably between 2 and 7.
- the sorbent comprises at least 60% by weight of SiO 2 ; more preferably, the SiC 2 content of the sorbent is between 60 and 85% by weight, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- the sorbent preferably comprises at least 7.5% by weight of Al 2 Q 3, and more preferably still, between 8 and 20% by weight, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- At least a portion of the SiQ 2 silica and alumina Al 2 0 3 of the sorbent are present in the form of smectite.
- the sorbent may comprise other compounds selected from metal oxides (such as oxides of magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and / or titanium), ainosinicates, titanosilicates, activated charcoal and / or molecular sieves (such as microporous coals, zeolites, ainosinicates, etc.).
- metal oxides such as oxides of magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and / or titanium
- ainosinicates such as oxides of magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and / or titanium
- titanosilicates such as activated charcoal and / or molecular sieves (such as microporous coals, zeolites, ainosinicates, etc.).
- the sorbent may comprise from 1% to 10%, more preferably from 2% to 8% by weight of Fe 2 O 3, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- the sorbent may also comprise at least 0.5% MgO, preferably from 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 7% by weight, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- a preferred sorbent according to the invention has the following composition:
- a particularly preferred sorbent has a composition falling into all the preferred ranges mentioned above.
- the sorbent also has a specific surface area (BET) of between 50 and 500 m 2 / g, preferably between 50 and 300 m 2 / g.
- the sorbent is a soil of discoloration.
- bleaching earth refers to a soil whose main purpose is to remove colored pigments and various undesirable compounds contained in an oil.
- a soil of discoloration mainly involves a physical phenomenon, namely adsorption, even if it may occasionally cause chemical changes.
- fading earth smectite-type clays, such as montmorillonite, bentonite, beideilite, nontronite, saponite, rhormite (attapulgite, sepiolite) or mixtures thereof, are targeted.
- the clay may advantageously be an acid-activated clay
- the smectite clay is montmorillonite, bentonite and / or attapulgite.
- the bleaching earth may be used alone or in admixture with at least one other compound selected from the above list, such as, for example, activated charcoal and / or silica, insofar as the pH, The content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 of the sorbent in the process according to the invention are observed.
- at least one other compound selected from the above list such as, for example, activated charcoal and / or silica, insofar as the pH, The content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 of the sorbent in the process according to the invention are observed.
- the sorbent is selected from the group consisting of Pure Flo® B80, Tonsii® Supreme 1 12FF, Fulcat® 22B and Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF.
- Pure Flo® B80 is an attapuigite / bentonite type clay from the sedimentary layers of the state of Georgia near Ochiocknee. It is marketed by Oii-Dri, Illinois, USA. Based on our analysis and the information available to us, Pure Flo® B80 has the following characteristics:
- Tonsil® Supreme 1 12FF is a bentonite type clay marketed by Clariant Production, Moosburg, Germany. Based on our analysis and the information available to us, Tonsil® Supreme 1 12FF has the following characteristics:
- Fulcat® 22B is a montmorillonite type clay, marketed by Rockwood Ciay Additives GmbH, Moosburg, Germany. Based on our analysis and the information available to us, Fulcat® 22B has the following characteristics:
- Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF is a bentonite clay, marketed by Clariant Production, Moosburg, Germany. According to our analyzes and the information available to us, Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF has the following characteristics:
- the fatty acid comprising an unsaturation is not subjected to heat treatment.
- heat treatment it is intended a treatment at a temperature greater than or equal to 100 C 'C.
- the fatty acid is maintained at a temperature below 100 ° C.
- the heat treatment not only does not improve the conversion of fatty acids having at least one unsaturation, but still hurts this conversion .
- the fatty acid is preferentially maintained at a temperature below 80 ° C, more preferably at a temperature below 65 ° C.
- the product to be treated comprises a fatty acid ester.
- the sorbent is selected to have a pH of less than 6.0 and to have at least 65% by weight of SiO 2 , the weight percentage being given on the total weight of sorbent.
- the pH of the sorbent is less than 5, more preferably less than 4.5, more preferably between 1, 5 and 4. More particularly, the sorbent may be acid activated.
- the sorbent also has a specific surface area (BET) of at least 150 m 2 / g, preferably between 170 and 1000 m- 7 g.
- BET specific surface area
- the sorbent consists essentially of silica SiO 2 , that is to say that it comprises more than 95%, preferably at least 98%, more preferably more than 99% by weight of silica.
- a sorbent may be synthetic, such as, for example, an amorphous micronized silica hydrogel.
- the sorbent according to this first specific embodiment of the second embodiment has a surface area of at least 500 rrrVg, preferably from 800 to 1000 m 2 / g.
- the sorbent is Trisyl® 300.
- Trisyl® 300 is a synthetic amorphous micronized silica hydrogel marketed by WR Grace & Co., Columbia, USA. Based on our analysis and the information available to us, Trisyl ⁇ 300 has the following characteristics:
- the sorbent comprises from 65 to 95%, preferably from 85 to 80% by weight of silica.
- it may advantageously comprise other compounds chosen from metal oxides (such as aluminum oxides, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, iron and / or titanium oxides), aluminosilicates, titanosilicates, activated charcoal and / or molecular sieves (such as microporous coals, zeolites, aluminosilicates, etc.).
- the sorbent may comprise:
- At least 65% by weight preferably 85 to 80% by weight of Si0 2, 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably between 7 and 15% of Al 2 0 3 . from 1 to 5% by weight, more preferably between 1, 5 and 3.5% by weight of Fe 2 O 3 , and
- a particularly preferred sorbent has a composition falling into all the preferred ranges mentioned above.
- the sorbent according to this second particular embodiment has a specific surface area of at least 150 m 2 / g, preferably 170 to 500 rrvVg.
- the sorbent for obtaining the best conversion is magnesium silicate. Contrary to what could be expected, magnesium silicate does not make it possible to obtain a very good conversion (see Example 2 below).
- the work of the inventors made it possible to select the sorbents which allowed, after treatment of the fatty acid esters comprising at least one unsaturation by these, to obtain the best conversion. Parameters that have been critical for this selection are pH and silica content.
- the sorbent is selected from the group consisting of Tonsil® Supreme 1 12FF and Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF.
- Tonsil® Supreme 1 12FF is a bentonite type clay marketed by Clariant Production, Moosburg, Germany. Based on our analysis and the information available to us, Tonsil® Supreme 1 12FF has the following characteristics:
- Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF is a bentonite clay, marketed by Clariant Production, Moosburg, Germany. According to our analyzes and the information available to us, Tonsil® Supreme 1 10FF has the following characteristics:
- the fatty acid ester comprising at least one unsaturation is heat-treated before it is brought into contact with the metathesis catalyst.
- the fatty acid ester is heat-treated at a temperature above 100 ° C, preferably at least 150 ° C for at least one hour. More additionallyentieliement is the fatty acid ester heat-treated at a temperature of at least 17QX for at least an hour and a half, even more previouslyentieliement at a temperature of at least 180 G for two hours.
- this heat treatment is carried out under a pressure of less than 50 mbar, more preferably less than 10 mbar, even more preferably less than 1 m bar, still more preferably 0.1 mbar.
- a particularly suitable heat treatment is a treatment at a temperature of at least 180 ° C, more preferably 185 ° C, for two hours, at a pressure of 0.1 mbar.
- the heat treatment can be carried out before or during the treatment of the fatty acid ester with the sorbent.
- the treatment with the sorbent is carried out concomitantly with the heat treatment.
- concomitantly is meant that at least a portion of the heat treatment and the sorbent treatment take place at the same time. Indeed, the two treatments may have different durations and / or be slightly shifted. Indeed, the heat treatment can take place before the treatment with the sorbent and / or during the treatment with the sorbent until the addition of the catalyst. Indeed, the heat treatment must be completed before adding the catalyst and launching the metathesis reaction.
- the metathesis reaction in the process according to the invention may be a cross-metathesis reaction or a homometathesis reaction, such as a cross-metathesis reaction or a homometathesis reaction involving as olefin (s) at least one fatty acid. or fatty acid ester having at least one unsaturation.
- a cross-metathesis reaction or a homometathesis reaction such as a cross-metathesis reaction or a homometathesis reaction involving as olefin (s) at least one fatty acid. or fatty acid ester having at least one unsaturation.
- this can in particular be carried out between a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester, comprising at least one unsaturation, such as those mentioned above, and a hydrocarbon compound chosen from unsaturated hydrocarbons comprising at least one double bond and consisting of a number of carbon atoms ranging from 2 to 10, preferably from 2 to 5.
- this hydrocarbon compound is selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobuene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 3-pentene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 3-methyl-1-butene, cyclopentene and a mixture of these compounds.
- Ethylene and butene are particularly preferred for carrying out metathesis in the context of the process according to the invention.
- the metathesis reaction can be carried out in the presence of said hydrocarbon compound in gaseous form and / or at a pressure between atmospheric pressure (under normal conditions of temperature and pressure) and 100 bar.
- the reaction is conducted at a pressure ranging from 2 to 50 bars.
- the hydrocarbon compound is introduced into the reaction medium in the form of a gas. This is particularly advantageous because such a procedure makes it possible to hunt for any presence of air and oxygen that might be in contact with the environment.
- the metathesis reaction of the process according to the invention is a homometathesis reaction, such as a reaction between two identical fatty acid esters comprising at least one unsaturation such as those mentioned above.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a very good degree of conversion of the fatty acid comprising at least one unsaturation and / or of the fatty acid ester comprising at least one unsaturation, with a metathesis reaction time. limit. In a limited reaction time, a time of less than 6b is preferred, preferably less than 4h, even more preferably of the order of 2b. . Alternatively, in the case where the reaction of the process according to the invention is a homometathesis of a fatty acid, the reaction can be carried out for at least 12 hours, preferably for 24 hours.
- the conversion rate obtained may be greater than 80% of the theoretical maximum conversion.
- the metathesis reaction of the process according to the invention can make it possible to obtain different reaction products, in particular:
- n is an integer from 1 to 21, this compound of formula (III) being obtained by metathesis reaction from an acid of formula (I) above in which n is an integer from 1 to 21.
- the metathesis reaction is then preferably carried out at a lower temperature or equal to the temperature at which the compound of formula (III) precipitates.
- this temperature it is advantageous to choose this temperature so that it is greater than or equal to the melting point of the compound of formula (I) and / or of the other compounds produced during the metathesis reaction. This temperature range thus makes it possible to precipitate the compound of formula (III) selectively and rapidly, while keeping the other compounds of the reaction medium in solubic form. This makes it possible to promote equilibrium displacements in the desired direction.
- the metathesis reaction can be carried out in the presence of a hydrocarbon compound in gaseous form and / or at a pressure between atmospheric pressure (under normal conditions of temperature and pressure) and 100 bar.
- the reaction is carried out at a pressure ranging from 2 to 30 bar, more preferably from 5 to 20 bar, more preferably still from 1 to 3 bar.
- the reaction is carried out at a pressure ranging from 1.5 bar to 2.5 bar, more preferably from 1.7 to 2.3 bar, typically the pressure is 2 bar plus or minus 1 bar.
- the metathesis reaction can also be carried out in the presence of a hydrocarbon compound such as those described above in gaseous form and / or at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 100 bar.
- a hydrocarbon compound such as those described above in gaseous form and / or at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 100 bar.
- the reaction is conducted at a pressure ranging from 10 to 50 bar, and more preferably from 20 to 40 bar. Typically the pressure is 30 bars.
- the process makes it possible to obtain a very good degree of conversion of at least 80% to lead predominantly to a yield greater than 30% in monoacid (s).
- FIG. 1 shows a list of chemical structures of catalysts, some being particularly advantageous for the implementation of the invention (Figs 1A and 1B),
- FIG. 2 is a comparative diagram showing the conversion rates of methyl oleate and the percentages by weight (mass) of methyl octadec-9-enedioate, as a function of the catalyst used in the metathesis reaction,
- Figure 3 is a comparative diagram showing the conversion rates of methyl oleate and percentages by weight (mass) of methyl octadec-9-enedioate, as a function of the sorbent having treated the methyl oleate, and
- Figure 4 is a comparative diagram showing the conversion rates of oleic acid and percentages by weight (mass) of octadec-9-enedioic acid, depending on the sorbent having treated the oleic acid.
- the peroxide value of 85% methyl oleate (Radia® 7072, Oleon) is measured according to the following method:
- the peroxide number is determined by the following formula:
- V1 the volume in mL of thiosulfate poured during the determination
- the peroxide value measured for this methyl oleate is 17 meq 0 2 / kg.
- the crude reaction product is analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion of methyl oleate is 35%.
- the weight percentage of methyl octadec-9-enedioate (a ') is 8%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 8%
- the weight percentage of methyl elaidate (c ') is 7%, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of crude reaction.
- EXEMPT 2 Metathesis Processes According to the Invention Having a Fatty Acid Substrate
- the reaction crude is treated with (BF 3 MeOH) in order to esterify the acid functions and is then analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion of the oic acid is 91%.
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-enedioic acid (a) is 30.47%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 13.76%
- the weight percentage of acid is Erioid is 20.29%.
- the formation of 2.1% by weight of ethenolysis products (dec-9-enoic acid (c) + 1-decene (d) ⁇ is also observed, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of crude reactionnei.
- the reaction crude is treated with (BF 3 MeOH) in order to esterify the acid functions and is then analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion of oic acid is 94%.
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-enedioic acid (a) is 28.68%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 11.51%
- the weight percentage of Eiidic acid (e) is 20.31%.
- the heme of the reaction is as follows:
- the crude reaction product is analyzed by cbromatograpie in the gas phase.
- the conversion of methyl oleate is 81%.
- the weight percentage of methyl 9-decenoate (e ') is 5.6%
- the weight percentage of 1-decene (d) is 3.6%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-enedioate of methyl (a ') is 19.0%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 7.7%
- the weight percentage of methyl elaidate (c') is 21 , 7%, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of crude reaction.
- the crude reaction product is analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion of methyl oleate is 92%.
- the weight percentage of methyl octadec-9-enedioate (a ') is 25%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 18%
- the weight percentage of methyl elaidate (c ') is 34%, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of crude reaction.
- the brut reacts! is analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the conversion of methyl oleate is 10%.
- the weight percentage of methyl octadec-9-enedioate (a ') is 4%
- the weight percentage of octadec-9-ene (b) is 3%
- the weight percentage of methyl eiidate (c ') is 3%, the percentages by weight being given on the total weight of crude reactionnei.
- the crude reaction product is analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the crude reaction product is analyzed by gas chromatography.
- the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a magnetic stirrer (800- 1000 rpm).
- Exempt 8 Method of metathesis according to the invention before for substrate a fatty acid, with different sorbents
- reaction crude is treated with (BF 3 MeOH) in order to esterify the acid functions and is then analyzed by gas chromatography.
- Example 3b The procedure of Example 3b) is reproduced with as substrates, methyl esters of canola and soybean.
- composition of these methyl esters is analyzed by gas chromatography using a Shimadzu GC-2014 equipped with an Agilent J & W column. GC, DB-23, 80m x 0.250mm x 0.25 and a FID detector.
- the carrier gas is helium. The analysis parameters are as follows:
- Injector temperature 270 ° C
- the margin of error of this measurement method is 1% on the percentage of area values.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1461687A FR3029201B1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2014-11-28 | Procede de metathese |
| PCT/FR2015/053212 WO2016083736A1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2015-11-25 | Procede de metathese |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3224233A1 true EP3224233A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP15807956.6A Withdrawn EP3224233A1 (fr) | 2014-11-28 | 2015-11-25 | Procede de metathese |
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| EP (1) | EP3224233A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3029201B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016083736A1 (fr) |
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| CN102936536B (zh) * | 2002-04-29 | 2014-01-29 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 关于种子油工业应用的综合化学方法 |
| CN101821218A (zh) * | 2007-08-09 | 2010-09-01 | 埃莱文斯可更新科学公司 | 用于处理复分解原料的热方法 |
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2014
- 2014-11-28 FR FR1461687A patent/FR3029201B1/fr active Active
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2015
- 2015-11-25 EP EP15807956.6A patent/EP3224233A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-11-25 WO PCT/FR2015/053212 patent/WO2016083736A1/fr not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016083736A1 (fr) | 2016-06-02 |
| FR3029201B1 (fr) | 2017-01-13 |
| FR3029201A1 (fr) | 2016-06-03 |
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