EP3223934A1

EP3223934A1 - Device for reprocessing and cooling foundry sand

Info

Publication number: EP3223934A1
Application number: EP15798096.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andreas Seiler; Feng Li; Stefan Gerl; Paul Eirich
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Maschinenfabrik Gustav Eirich GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2014-11-28
Filing date: 2015-11-20
Publication date: 2017-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2035-11-20
Also published as: KR20170088845A; EP3223934B1; BR112017008058A2; ZA201702860B; RU2017113735A3; BR112017008058B1; JP6648122B2; CA2964048A1; RU2017113735A; RU2675559C2; TWI653109B; HRP20200729T1; CN204770462U; KR102419659B1; CN107000035B; US20180229196A1; UA121487C2; US10464033B2; WO2016083270A1; PT3223934T

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for reprocessing and cooling foundry sand, comprising a mixing container (2) and a mixing tool that can be rotated about a drive shaft (4), wherein an air feed (7) is provided for feeding air into the container interior. The problem addressed by the invention is that of providing an improved device by means of which a more uniform fluidized bed is achieved, preferably over the entire cross-section of the mixing container, wherein furthermore the proportion of the solid particles entrained by the gas flow should be reduced. This problem is solved, according to the invention, in that the mixing tool has at least two mixing vanes (8) spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and at least one mixing vane has a mixing blade having a surface that is angled with respect to the horizontal.

Description

Device for processing and cooling foundry sand

The present invention relates to a device for cooling hot particle beds, in particular foundry sand.

Used foundry molding sand can be reused when processing foundry sand is recycled. For this it is necessary to cool the used sand.

Such a device is known for example from DE 1 508 698. The device described therein consists of a mixing container and two vertically arranged drive shafts for a mixing tool. The foundry molding sand to be cooled is introduced into the mixing vessel on one side and removed on the other side. While the foundry sand to be cooled passes through the device, the foundry sand is mixed with the aid of the mixing tools. In addition, the mixing container has an opening for supplying air directly at the container bottom in the container wall.

With this device, it is attempted to produce an air-flow, water-saturated, mechanically assisted fluidized bed in order to cool the foundry sand heated by the preceding casting process up to 150 ° C. to the service temperature of about 45 ° C. by evaporative cooling.

The mixing container is integrated in a machine frame. The mixing container itself has two mutually penetrating polygonal sections. In the center of each of the two sections, a corresponding rotatable mixing tool is arranged. The mixing vanes mounted on the shaft typically have plate-shaped vanes which are moved on vertically arranged supports by radially extending rotating support arms. The plate-shaped blades only have an effect on a circular path of limited expansion that is essentially locally around the blade. In the device described in DE 1 508 698, the two sections penetrate, so that care must be taken when controlling the two mixing tools that they do not collide with each other, which makes a coordinated motion control necessary. In particular, when very large amounts of foundry sand are to be cooled with the device and therefore the container diameter is made correspondingly large, succeeds with the known devices only uneven cooling, which significantly limits the quality of the foundry sand to be reused. Improved sand mold quality can be achieved, for example, by the use of vacuum mixers, which however are relatively expensive.

In the low-cost devices, as shown in DE 1 508 698, the cooling air introduced at the edge blows flow channels through the sand bed only in the immediate vicinity of the inlet openings and escapes upwards in a relatively short way, without the actual task of uniformity Fluidization of the bedding and cooling to meet high efficiency. The center of the mix in the center of the container is not reached by the air, since this comes into contact with the outgoing and flowing air only on an outer annular path in the immediate vicinity of the air inlet openings. Due to the substantially higher flow resistance of the bed in the radial direction to the mixing shaft, the air flows vertically after exiting the slot-shaped opening and the lowest pressure loss following. In the center of the mixing vessel, due to the prevailing low peripheral speed and speed differences, the rotating vanes mix the sand only slightly and slowly push it radially outward through the outboard facing blade to deliver it to the cooling zone.

The residence time of the mixed material also has large differences between the material located in the center of the container and on the outer circumference as a result of the speed differences. In the worst case, the mixture moves from the feed opening located on the central axis to the opposite discharge opening in the region of the drive shafts, the cooler without substantial contact with the supplied cooling air. In addition, very high exit velocities are observed by the locally arising vertical flow channels in the wall area of the mixed material bed, which entrain a large amount of solid particles due to the high speed and fluctuation of the flow.

It is therefore already described in DE 199 25 720, deduct the cooling air via a generally centrally disposed opening in the housing cover by a suction fan and cleaned in a cooler downstream, usually very voluminous gas cyclone. The sand and additive components carried in the gas stream are separated as far as possible in the cyclone and applied to the sand discharged from the cooler. Due to the mode of action of a gas cyclone, the large and heavy sand particles are preferably deposited there, while the suspended fine particles such as bentonite and carbon follow the gas flow and are completely discharged. Complete separation of the particles from the gas flow does not take place. Due to the undefined composition of the fines deposited later in a filter, these fractions must be disposed of and compensated for by adding new additives. The sand, which is usually too dry from the bottom discharge of the cyclone, is laid on the cooled sand on a conveyor belt. A mixing of these discharged sand particles with the moistened sand no longer takes place, which can lead to problems in the molding machines, if no further sand homogenization and moistening is more downstream.

Based on the described prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved device with which a more uniform fluidized bed is achieved over the entire cross section of the mixing container as possible, wherein moreover the proportion of the entrained with the gas stream solid particles , should be reduced. According to the invention this is achieved by a device for conditioning and cooling of foundry molding sand, which has a mixing container and a mixing tool rotatable about a drive shaft, wherein an air supply is provided for supplying air into the container interior. According to the invention, the mixing tool has at least two mixing blades spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction, and at least one mixing blade has a mixer blade inclined relative to the horizontal, which is preferably inclined downwards in the direction of rotation of the mixing tool. The direction of rotation is predetermined by the drive device of the mixing tool. Therefore, the drive device of the mixing tool is designed such that it drives the mixing tool such that the mixing tools are inclined in the direction of rotation downwards. In an alternative embodiment, the drive device can also be designed such that, if necessary, the direction of rotation of the mixing tool can be changed.

The use of mutually offset in the vertical direction mixing flights leads to a better mixing of the mix. In this case, the mixing blades preferably extend in the horizontal direction from the drive shaft. The inclination of the mixer blade is such that the mixer blade, which is inclined in the direction of rotation of the mixing tool down, causes the mix is raised during mixing, whereby directly behind the mixer blade within the mix a cavity is formed, in which the supplied air can be distributed over the entire width and length of the mixer blade in the mix. Therefore, the mixer blade preferably extends over at least half the radius of the circle which the outer portion of the mixer blade describes when rotating. In one embodiment, it is provided that the mixer blade extends from the container wall to the drive shaft. In order to improve the mixing of the cooling air with the mix still further, the mixer blade extends in a preferred embodiment substantially to the container wall. The distance between the mixer blade and the container wall is preferably less than 100 mm and is best between 20 and 60 mm. By this measure, a layer loosening along the tool profile in the sand bed is achieved. It is also possible that a vorzugsweiser flexible attachment is attached to the mixer blade, which projects radially over the mixer blade in the direction of the container wall and touches them, so that the attachment grinds in operation on the container wall. The mixer blade is fluidically designed such that the mix is lifted upwards, so that forms a cavity on the side facing away from the flow of the mixer blade, which serves as a flow channel for incoming air. Ideally, the air can now flow over the cavity between the drive shaft and the container wall and ascend on the side facing away from the solid flow side by the falling behind the mixing tool due to gravity falling mixture, so that the mix flows evenly through to the center of the container by air flowing up becomes. By means of this constellation, at a sufficiently high peripheral speed of the tools, a local influx of the air is prevented substantially only in the area of the air outlet openings. Experiments have shown that the drive for rotating the mixing tool is preferably designed such that the mixer blade has a peripheral speed at its radially outer end between 2 and 75 m per second and preferably between 30 and 60 m per second.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the container wall is inclined, so that the container cross-section from the container bottom upwards becomes larger. In this case, each mixing blade preferably has a mixer blade, wherein the distance between the mixer blade and the container wall is the same for both mixer blades. Due to the inclined container wall and the arrangement of the two mixer blades at different heights, this means that the mixer blade arranged further upwards must extend radially further outwards. In a further preferred embodiment, at least one mixer blade of each mixing tool is arranged substantially on the container bottom.

By a suitable number and arrangement of mixer blades one above the other in conjunction with the choice of a suitable mixing tool peripheral speed, a mechanical support of the fluidized bed can be achieved such that the air flows substantially homogeneously over the entire cross section through the sand bed and the sand is cooled evenly. Due to the good and uniform distribution of the air over the entire cross section of the sand bed, the flow velocities at the surface of the bed are reduced, so that the discharge of particles with the air flow is significantly reduced. In a preferred embodiment, the mixing vessel has at least two mixing sections, wherein in each mixing section in each case a rotatable about a drive shaft mixing tool is provided, wherein preferably each mixing tool has at least two mixing blades, which are spaced apart in the vertical direction. In this case, the peripheral speed of the mixing blades and the direction of rotation in the individual mixing sections may be different.

In this embodiment, the inlet for the foundry mold sand to be cooled is in one section, while the corresponding outlet is in the other section, so that the foundry molding sand has to successively pass through both mixing sections. In a preferred embodiment, each mixing tool has a substantially arranged on the container bottom mixer blade, wherein the two mixing tools are so far apart that the two arranged on the container bottom mixer blades do not touch in any position of the mixing tools. The circular paths of the two mixer blades arranged on the container bottom therefore border on each other tangentially in the narrowest case.

The vertically higher mixer blades of different mixing tools are preferably arranged at different axial heights. They are designed so that their orbits overlap. The different arrangement in the vertical direction avoids that a collision can occur. Due to the described embodiment, a close-wall design of all tools is possible. In addition, both mixing tools can be driven independently of each other with different speeds, without a collision must be feared. In this way, the mixing tools in the individual mixing container sections can be assigned an optimum speed for the respective predominant, process engineering task. Thus, the tool speed of the material input side mixing chamber section can be optimized for efficient mixing of the water, while the speed of the tool in the subsequent mixing chamber section on the optimum flow of the sand bed with cooling air can be coordinated with reduced particulate discharge, since here by the moisture reduction, the stickiness of the particles has already subsided. Also, the mixing tool geometry in the different levels and mixing chamber sections can be designed differently, so that a corresponding optimization with regard to the flow through the sand bed is achieved while minimizing solids discharge from the bed. For example, the air supply may have openings in the container wall, through which air can be blown into the container interior. In this case, the openings are preferably arranged in the same vertical height as the mixer blade extending essentially to the container wall.

In an alternative embodiment it is provided that the air supply via the mixing tool itself, which has for example a hollow shaft, is supplied. For example, the mixer blade may have corresponding air outlet openings on its side oriented opposite to the direction of rotation. Of course, a combined air entry through openings in the container wall and through openings in the mixing tool would be possible.

Due to the construction, the peripheral speed of the mixer blade increases with increasing distance from the drive shaft, with the result that the mixing action increases in the direction of the container wall. With constant Ouerschnitt of the mixer blade, therefore, the mixing intensity with increasing effective diameter will also increase, since the peripheral speed increases with increasing radius. This physical law can be counteracted by suitable design of the Ouerschnittsform the leaves from the inside out. For example, the mixer blade may have a width that increases in the radial direction. Alternatively or in combination, the angle of inclination of the mixer blade to the horizontal in the radial direction may decrease.

The mixer blade can be flat or curved. The angle of inclination with respect to the horizontal is preferably between 15 ° and 60 ° and particularly preferably between 20 ° and 50 °.

In a further preferred embodiment, the mixer blade is formed as an angled profile, wherein the inner angle is arranged opposite to the direction of rotation of the mixer blade and is preferably between 90 ° and 180 °. By this measure, a larger facing away from the solids flow cavity can be formed, so that the inflowing from the inside or outside in the channel thus formed air can penetrate at the same time reduced pressure loss up to the end of the formed air channel.

Alternatively, the mixer blade can also be a substantially closed polygonal profile, such as a rectangular or triangular profile, wherein corresponding air outlet openings are arranged on the side facing away from the flow, so that the cooling air can be introduced into the mix via the profile. In a further embodiment, on the radially inner portions of the mixing blade to compensate for the lower peripheral speed one or two-sided ploughshare-like attachments attached to strengthen on the one hand, the lifting and overflowing of the mixture and on the other to achieve an improved mixing effect. In combination with arranged below the plowshares air outlet openings thus a falling sand curtain can be created, which achieves a higher cooling capacity due to its larger heat and mass transfer surface in contact with the outflowing air.

In particular, with fine sand qualities, it may be advantageous if the mixer blade of the topmost mixing blade is inclined in opposite directions, so that the mix is directed down to counteract excessive fluidization and concomitantly excessive discharge from the cooling device with the exhaust gas flow.

The distance between the arranged in the mixing container air inlet openings and the radially outer end of the mixer blade should be as low as possible in order to avoid that too much of the cooling air escapes upwards before reaching the mixer blade.

Experiments have shown that the mean flow velocity of the cooling air in the outlet region of the air inlet openings should be between 15 and 35 m / s and particularly preferably between 20 and 30 m / s. Although in principle the angle of inclination of the container wall can take on any value between 0 and 45 °, the inclination is preferably between 15 and 35 ° and particularly preferably between 20 and 30 ° relative to the vertical.

In a further embodiment are located at the radially outer ends of the mixer blades fixed, alternatively spring-loaded, movable in the radial direction extensions made of plastic, for example, the grinding touch the container wall and thus produce a direct contact between the air outlet opening and the solid flow side facing away from the mixing blade , In a further preferred embodiment, even more than two, namely three or more mixing chamber sections are arranged one behind the other, which are flowed through by the mix in succession. In such an embodiment, in the first input-side chamber substantially the mixing and the homogeneous distribution of the water is made, while only in the second chamber, the intensive aeration of the sand bed and thereby the evaporative cooling is achieved. In the third or each subsequent chamber, the quality of the cooled sand by the addition of, for example, water or other additives, be corrected. For example, when leaving the device, the foundry sand should have a residual moisture of between 3.0 and 3.5%, around which the sand enveloping bentonite, which causes the forming properties of the molding sand, to reactivate and to allow direct use in the molding machine. In this case, it may be advantageous for the mixing tool in the third mixing chamber section, ie the section through which the mixture flows last, to have mixer blades which are inclined upwards in the direction of rotation, thereby ensuring that in the last mixing chamber section there is a flow shearing stress of the mix comes. As a rule, it is also not necessary in the last mixing chamber section for air to be supplied, so that corresponding openings can be dispensed with in this section. It may also be advantageous for some applications if in the third mixing chamber section the mixing chamber tool is designed with an opposite direction of rotation with respect to the mixing chamber tool of the second mixing chamber section.

As already mentioned, the local flow rate is significantly reduced by the measures according to the invention, with the result that less solid particles are entrained and discharged by the air flow.

Nevertheless, in a particularly preferred embodiment, it may be advantageous if the ascending gas flow is freed as far as possible from the entrained solid particles still in the housing. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, it is provided that a solids separator is arranged above the mixing tool. In a preferred embodiment, the deposition of the solid particles takes place in a turbulent flow, for example in a rotary flow generated by a rotor. The forced rotary flow generates a corresponding centrifugal field, which can be adjusted by the choice of the rotational speed of the rotor in its strength. This makes it possible to set the separation performance and the size of the separation grain. Thus, for example, if the rotational speed is increased sufficiently, the very fine additive components contained in the gas flow can be almost completely recycled.

By the solution according to the invention a very compact design of the cooler is achieved, wherein at the same time almost all solid particles are retained in the mixer.

Further advantages, features and applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention. Show it:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a first embodiment of the invention

Cooling device

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of a second embodiment according to the invention, FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of a mixer with several different mixer blades,

Figures 4 to 8 are cross-sectional views of various mixer blades. In Figure 1, a first device according to the invention is shown in section. The device 1 for processing and cooling of foundry sand has a mixing container 2, which is arranged in a housing 3. The mixing container 2 has two mixing sections, in the center of which in each case a drive shaft 4 is arranged, which in turn each have a plurality of mixing blades with corresponding mixer blades. The device 1 has an inlet 5 and an outlet 5 ^' , via which hot foundry molding sand can be introduced into the mixing vessel 2, for example by means of a conveyor belt 6, or the treated sand can be discharged from the mixing vessel 2 again. In the inclined container wall 2, a series of cooling air openings 7 are introduced, can be introduced via the cooling air into the mixing vessel 2. The two drive shafts 4 each have, close to the ground, mixing blades extending in opposite directions, on each of which a mixer blade 8 is mounted. The two drive shafts 4 are arranged at a distance from each other such that in no rotational position the mixer blades 8, which are arranged close to the ground, can collide with one another. In the vertical direction spaced from the bottom-near mixing blades further pairs of mixing blades are arranged, which are also each equipped with respective mixer blades. In the embodiment shown, all the mixer blades are inclined downwards, so that when the drive shaft is rotated in the intended direction, the foundry molding sand contained in the mixing vessel 2 is lifted and flows over the inclined mixing blade surface. The mixer blades of the second and third planes are arranged at a height which corresponds to the vertical height of the air inlet openings 7 in the container wall 2. In addition, the mixer blades of the levels 2 and 3 are arranged so that they reach almost to the air inlet openings 7. The two drive shafts 4 are driven by means of the drive motors 9. In the lid of the housing 3, a solids separator 1 1 is arranged, which consists of a provided with lamellae wheel, which can be rotated by means of the drive motor 10. The suction of the supplied via the air inlet openings 7 cooling air is then through the spaces between see the fins of the Feststoffabscheiders 1 1. By the driven wheel of the Feststoffabscheiders 1 1 a vortex flow is generated in which the solids contained in the air to be extracted are deposited and back fall into the mixing container.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention. The same reference numbers were used for the same elements. In the embodiment shown in Figure 2, the supply of cooling air takes place once via a trained as a hollow shaft drive shaft 4, in the means of the supply 12 air in the channel 15 and the channel into corresponding openings within the mixer blades 8, 8 ', 8 "and 8 "into the Pour mix. Additionally or alternatively, air can be brought into the housing and via the air inlet openings 7 in the mix via the air supply 13. It can be clearly seen in this embodiment that the mixing blades of the upper levels have a longer radial extent than the mixing blades of the lower level.

The mixer blades 8, 8 ', 8 "and 8"' extend substantially to the container wall. However, to avoid damage to the mixer blades, a small gap must remain. By way of example, it is therefore illustrated in the case of a mixer blade that the mixer blades can have an extension 14 made of plastic, which, moreover, can be pressed against the container wall with the aid of springs in order to reduce the proportion of the cooling air supply which flows directly vertically upwards.

Various embodiments of mixer blades are shown by way of example in FIG. In principle, as shown in the embodiment numbered 17, the mixer blade could extend evenly from the drive shaft to the vessel wall. Of course, however, would also curved shapes, as in the embodiment designated by the reference numeral 15, or fan-shaped expanding forms, as in the embodiment provided with the reference numeral 16 embodiment possible. In the embodiment provided with the reference number 18, puck share-like attachments 19 are provided on the mixer wings.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view through a mixer blade 20, which here consists of a single inclined surface. Upon movement of the mixer blade 20, a zone substantially free of the mixture is formed after the mixer blade into which the cooling air introduced into the mixing vessel through the air supply openings 7 can flow radially inwardly along the mixer blades. The contour of the air outlet opening 7 is ideally chosen so that in combination with the geometry of the mixer blade as uniform and long-lasting air inflow into the freed from the mix zone behind the mixer blade can be done.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a mixer blade 21. Here, the mixer blade consists of an inclined surface and an angled thereto, substantially horizontally extending surface.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section through a third embodiment of a mixer blade 2. Again, an inclined surface is provided, to which in one direction a substantially vertically extending portion and in the other direction an oppositely inclined portion connects.

FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a mixer blade 23. The mixer blade 23 again has an inclined surface. It is here mounted on a substantially tubular element through which cooling air can also be introduced into the mixing vessel.

FIG. 8 shows by way of example an embodiment in which different mixer blades 24 to 26 are mounted on the drive shaft in three different planes. The mixer blade arranged in the lowest level has a downwardly inclined blade surface and a section extending substantially perpendicular thereto. In the middle plane, a mixer blade 25 having a cross section is used which forms a kind of cavity through which cooling air from the drive shaft can be transported radially outward. In the uppermost level, a mixer blade 26 is used, which is inclined upwards to prevent excessive stirring of the mixed material. Of course, further geometries for the design of the mixer blade are possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

contraption

mixer blade

casing

drive shaft

, 5 ^' inlet, outlet

conveyor belt

Air inlet openings

, 8 ", 8" mixer blades

drive motors

0 drive motor

1 solids separator

2 feeder

3 air supply

4 extension

5-18 mixer blades

9 essays

0-26 mixer blades

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

Apparatus for processing and cooling of foundry sand with a mixing container and a mixing tool rotatable about a drive shaft, wherein an air supply is provided for supplying air into the container interior, characterized in that the mixing tool has at least two vertically spaced apart mixing blades and at least one Blade has a mixer blade with a surface inclined relative to the horizontal.

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the mixer blade is inclined in the direction of rotation of the mixing tool downwards.

Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing tool has at least two vertically spaced mixing blades with mixer blades, wherein a mixer blade, preferably the uppermost mixer blade, in the direction of rotation of the mixing tool upwardly inclined surface.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the mixer blade extends substantially to the container wall, wherein preferably either the distance between the mixer blade and container wall is smaller than 100 mm and is best between 20 and 60 mm or one of the mixer blade associated essay is provided, which projects in the direction of the container wall on the mixer blade and contacts the container wall.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a drive for rotating the mixing tool is provided, wherein the drive is designed such that the mixer blade has a peripheral speed at its radially outer end between 2 and 75 m / s and preferably between 30 and 60 m / s.

Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the container wall is inclined, so that the container cross-section from the container bottom upwards becomes larger.

Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that each mixing blade has a mixer blade, wherein the distance between the mixer blade and container wall is approximately the same for all mixer blades.

8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the mixer blade is arranged substantially on the container bottom.

9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the mixing container has at least two and preferably three mixing sections, wherein in each mixing section in each case one rotatable about a drive shaft mixing tool is provided, wherein preferably each mixing tool has at least two mixing blades, in vertical direction are spaced from each other. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that a drive device is provided, with which each mixing tool can be driven with an independently adjustable peripheral speed on the mixing blades, wherein preferably the drive device is designed such that at least two mixing tools driven with mutually opposite direction of rotation can be.

1 1. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that each mixing tool has a substantially arranged on the container bottom mixer blade, wherein the two mixing tools are so far apart that the two arranged on the container bottom mixer blades in any position of the mixing tools stir.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, 10 or 1 1, characterized in that each mixing tool has a mixing blade with a not arranged on the container bottom mixer blade, wherein the non-arranged on the container bottom mixer blades are arranged at different axial heights.

13. Device according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at least one mixing blade of a mixing tool describes a circular path, which in a projection on a parallel plane with a projection of a described by at least one mixing blade of the other mixing tool circular path parallel to the same Plane intersects.

14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the air supply has openings in the container wall, can be blown through the air into the container interior, wherein the openings are preferably arranged in the same vertical height, as the substantially to the container wall extending mixer blade.

15. Device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the air supply via the hollow shaft having a mixing tool.

16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the mixer blade has a widening in the radial direction width.

17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the mixer blade is formed as an angled profile, wherein the inner angle is formed opposite to the direction of rotation of the mixer blade and preferably between 90 ° and 180 °.

18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the mixer blade has on its opposite side oriented to the direction of rotation air outlet openings.

19. The device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that a solids separator is arranged above the mixing tool, wherein preferably the solids separator is designed such that it generates a rotary flow with the aid of a rotor.