EP3205605B1 - Évacuation vortex - Google Patents

Évacuation vortex Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3205605B1
EP3205605B1 EP16155224.5A EP16155224A EP3205605B1 EP 3205605 B1 EP3205605 B1 EP 3205605B1 EP 16155224 A EP16155224 A EP 16155224A EP 3205605 B1 EP3205605 B1 EP 3205605B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
taper
gas
funnel
gas jets
spiral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16155224.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3205605A1 (fr
Inventor
Ingo URBACH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IBAU Hamburg Ingenieurgesellschaft
Original Assignee
IBAU Hamburg Ingenieurgesellschaft
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Priority to EP16155224.5A priority Critical patent/EP3205605B1/fr
Publication of EP3205605A1 publication Critical patent/EP3205605A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3205605B1 publication Critical patent/EP3205605B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/72—Fluidising devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/54—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying
    • B65D88/64—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation
    • B65D88/68—Large containers characterised by means facilitating filling or emptying preventing bridge formation using rotating devices

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an outlet device, a mixer and a method for discharging bulk material.
  • Bulk goods are partially stored, temporarily stored or mixed in a container and must be unloaded from this.
  • a gravity-driven discharge is sometimes used by providing a closable opening in the lower area of the container.
  • the closable opening is to be selected so that it can be closed safely and reproducibly.
  • the problem here is not only the secure closure, but also the effort required for this, especially in the case of large openings, or the wear and tear that occurs thereon.
  • the times required for opening and, in particular, closing are also decisive, especially with large openings. For this reason, one has begun to provide smaller openings or a large number of smaller openings and thus also to provide a large number of shut-off devices, one for each opening.
  • the object of the present invention is thus to provide an improved outlet device or an improved mixer or tank or an improved method for the gravity-driven unloading of bulk material.
  • An outlet device for the gravity-driven discharge of bulk material has a funnel-shaped tapering that narrows downwards, gas outlet nozzles being arranged in the area of the funnel-shaped tapering.
  • the gas outlet nozzles are arranged and designed according to the invention in such a way that the gas jets emitted by them lie tangentially against a space spiral that tapers downwards and is thought to be arranged in the funnel-shaped taper.
  • the gas outlet nozzles can be designed in the most varied of ways.
  • the decisive factor here is that the gas accelerates in a predetermined direction and is thus output in a directed manner from the gas outlet nozzle at least to a certain extent.
  • Air or other non-explosive gases are particularly suitable here as gas.
  • the imaginary spiral is located within the funnel-shaped taper and also tapers as the funnel-shaped taper increases.
  • the space spirals can be designed in different ways. For example, it can be an Archimedean or hyperbolic spiral when viewed from above. But also logarithmic, Fermat's spirals, root snails or sections of liquor spirals or clothoids are conceivable here. These are then stretched into space in such a way that their inner Areas are pulled out downwards. In the side view, different envelope curves of the spiral space can result.
  • the envelopes have one thing in common in that they taper steadily towards the bottom. Their limitation can be given in the side view or in the longitudinal section as a straight line or curve, for example hyperbola.
  • the imaginary spatial spirals have at least two, in particular at least four, revolutions on which the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles are tangentially in contact. At least two, in particular at least four, gas jets from the gas outlet nozzles are applied per revolution.
  • the taper and / or the imaginary spatial spiral have a height of preferably 50 to 250 mm and / or preferably 50-80% of the free diameter.
  • the height of the imaginary spiral space is to be determined by the uppermost point of the imaginary spiral space, at which a gas jet is tangentially applied, and the lowest point of the imaginary spatial spiral, at which a gas jet is tangentially applied.
  • four gas jets in particular, lie tangentially between each revolution of the imaginary spatial spiral.
  • the taper has in particular circular cross-sections over its entire height range.
  • the gas jets will never have a linear spread, but only be directed to a certain extent. In particular, an expansion of less than 20 °, in particular less than 15 °, is preferred here.
  • the expansion of the gas jet is to be considered in a situation without bulk material, in which the gas jet is thus viewed in an environment that is evacuated or filled with gas, in particular air at atmospheric pressure.
  • the center line of the gas jet is used and its orientation or position in relation to the imaginary spatial spiral is analyzed.
  • fluctuations and deviations are to be accepted, in particular those that are below the expansion of the gas jet, in particular are below the size of the expansion of the gas jet specified here as the upper limit.
  • the imaginary spatial spiral has in particular a maximum width or a maximum diameter which is 40-100% of the diameter of the taper at the height of the maximum width of the imaginary spatial spiral.
  • the funnel-shaped taper is formed in particular by a structure that delimits it, for example made of sheet metal or other materials.
  • the interface is particularly smooth and has no protruding parts, in particular also without baffles. According to the invention, the gas outlet nozzles also do not protrude from this limitation of the taper.
  • the delimitation or boundary surface of the funnel-shaped tapering thus forms, in particular, a smooth funnel-shaped shape.
  • the at least partially bulk material is not only brought into a spiral-shaped downward rotation by the gas jets, but it is also at least partially fluidized. Through this interaction, a particularly efficient gravity-driven discharge of bulk material can also take place through small openings.
  • the emitted gas jets are particularly advantageously tangential to the respective imaginary spatial spiral at a distance of 0-10 cm from their point of exit from the respective gas outlet nozzle.
  • the spatial spirals can have a common axis of rotation.
  • identical or different imaginary spatial spirals can have a common axis of rotation, for example in that identical spatial spirals are arranged so as to be rotated relative to one another and have a common axis of rotation or in that, for example, different spatial spirals, especially those with different widths or diameters at the respective common height share a common axis of rotation, in particular by arranging, for example, an inner imaginary spatial spiral within an outer imaginary spatial spiral on a common axis of rotation.
  • an axis through the point at which the tapering spatial spiral would taper to a point is considered as the axis of rotation, which extends up to the height of the spatial spiral, in particular perpendicular to the horizontal, in particular perpendicular to the horizontal.
  • This point can be given, for example, in the mathematical definition of the flattened spatial spiral without an axis shift through the zero point of the coordinate system.
  • the spatial spiral is in particular arranged centrally or concentrically in the taper, so that in particular the axis of rotation of the spatial spiral coincides with the point mirror axis of the taper, which in particular has a circular cross section.
  • the spatial spirals are identical and, in particular, also to be arranged congruently, so that there is in particular only a single spatial spiral on which all gas jets are tangentially in contact. At least two spatial spirals, on which all of the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles together bear tangentially, are particularly advantageous.
  • the spatial spirals when viewed from the side or in longitudinal section, have a curve of the taper, an envelope curve, which is identical to the curve of the taper of the funnel-shaped taper or can be obtained from it by scaling down.
  • the distance between the envelope curve of the spatial spiral and the taper, measured in the horizontal remains constant or decreases continuously downwards, in particular it is constant relative to the width or the diameter of the taper.
  • a certain minimum number of gas jets per space spiral achieves a particularly efficient acceleration or movement influencing of the bulk material to be unloaded.
  • the speed of the gas jets of the gas outlet nozzles is also measured differently; in particular, it increases with the lower, that is to say further down, position of the contact point of the gas jets on the spatial spiral. In this way, particularly efficient emptying can be achieved, since the bulk material must also be accelerated with progressive tapering with a constant flow rate.
  • the gas outlet nozzles are particularly advantageously arranged in such a way that the gas jets are emitted horizontally or inclined downwards. It is particularly advantageous that they are inclined downward at an angle to the horizontal which also corresponds to the inclination to the horizontal of the contact point of the gas jet on the spatial spiral or lies between 0 ° and this inclination.
  • the gas outlet nozzles are particularly advantageously arranged on a delimitation of the downwardly narrowing funnel-shaped taper so that they do not protrude into the taper.
  • the gas outlet nozzles can be designed in various ways. For example, with a greater material thickness of the delimitation, a simple bore through this delimitation as a nozzle is sufficient, in particular if this bore tapers towards the funnel-shaped taper or towards the funnel-shaped interior. Alternatively, for example, a corresponding nozzle or a corresponding pipe can also be attached to the boundary or be plugged into them, especially from the outside.
  • the free diameter of the funnel-shaped taper is particularly advantageously 200-400 mm.
  • the free diameter of the taper means the diameter of the taper that has the smallest value.
  • this free diameter opens into a closure device, for example a valve, which in particular has at least the same free diameter or in a further conveying device, in particular a tube, which in particular also has at least the same diameter, in particular the same diameter.
  • the taper has a taper of 10-50% in relation to the diameter or the free cross-sectional area and / or it has a height of 30-200% of the taper.
  • the taper is the change in the longest free path or the diameter over the funnel-shaped taper.
  • the gas outlet nozzles are particularly advantageously arranged in such a way that the gas jets emerge at points on the funnel-shaped taper, which themselves again form spiral lines on the funnel-shaped taper.
  • at least four gas outlet nozzles are arranged for each spiral lines formed on the funnel-shaped taper by the gas outlet nozzles.
  • These spiral lines are particularly advantageously projections of sections of the imaginary spatial spiral on which the respective gas jets lie tangentially. Such a projection takes place in particular point-like from a point on the axis of rotation of the imaginary spatial spiral, in particular horizontally outwards or slightly upwards directed, whereby the course of the projection lines is to be understood under this alignment.
  • a mixer or tank for bulk material having on its underside at least one, in particular at least two, preferably three, outlet devices according to one of claims 1-9.
  • At least one fluidization device which injects gas is provided between or in the area around the at least one outlet device.
  • This gas can also be blown in directionally and in particular in an orientation that corresponds to a continuation of the imaginary spatial spiral, with the imaginary spatial spiral being compressed downwards above the taper, in particular viewed two-dimensionally or projected onto the surface of the tank or mixer is.
  • the bulk material can be set into a corresponding rotation even before it enters the taper.
  • such a directed fluidization is arranged in particular in the region of half to four times the length of the greatest extent of the taper around it, in particular in a circular manner.
  • the object is also achieved by a method for gravity-driven unloading of bulk material in accordance with claim 11.
  • the bulk material is turned into a tube, in particular with a constant diameter, and / or a shut-off device, wherein in particular the pipe or the shut-off device has at least, in particular precisely, the free diameter of the taper at its end.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a funnel-shaped taper 4 with constant taper or inclination.
  • a space spiral 1 Arranged therein is the view of a space spiral 1, which, however, is not shown in section, but is shown in full.
  • the spatial spiral 1 has an axis of rotation 2, which also represents the mirror axis of the taper 4, which is circular in cross section.
  • a section of the envelope curve 3 of the spiral which likewise runs in a straight line and is arranged at a constant distance from the delimitation of the taper 4.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a tank with an outlet device.
  • a space spiral 1 is shown therein, also not in cross-section but rather in perspective.
  • the tank 5 has no upper limit and has an outlet device at its lower limit which has a funnel-shaped taper 4.
  • an imaginary spatial spiral 1 is shown, which has an axis of rotation 2 which coincides with the mirror axis of the taper 4, which is circular in cross section.
  • a foam core 5 is arranged, which has passage openings which are designed as gas outlet nozzles 6 and which pass through the funnel-shaped taper 4 or its limitation and thus gas that flows from an air space 7 through the recesses in foam core 5 into the can pass funnel-shaped taper.
  • a tube 8 with a constant cross-section is shown, the free cross-section of which corresponds to the free cross-section of the funnel-shaped tapering 4.
  • a valve 9 is arranged inside the tube 8. When the valve 9 is open, the bulk material in the tank can flow through the funnel-shaped taper into the pipe and through the valve 9.
  • Figure 3 shows a top view of a funnel-shaped taper 4. This has a free cross section 12 and a largest diameter 11. Arranged within this funnel-shaped taper 4 is a spatial spiral 1. This extends over the funnel-shaped taper and thus represents a spatial spiral, as shown in FIG Figures 1 and 2 was shown.
  • gas outlet nozzles 6 Four gas outlet nozzles 6 are shown, the gas outlet nozzles arranged at the largest free diameter being shown as nozzles in cross section and the gas outlet nozzles 6 arranged further inward being shown only with their outlet opening through the funnel-shaped taper 4.
  • a gas jet extends out of these gas outlet openings 6 and rests tangentially on a common imaginary spatial spiral 1.
  • the gas jet is shown here idealized with an opening angle of 0 °.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Dispositif de déchargement pour le déchargement par gravité de matières en vrac, avec un cône (4) en forme d'entonnoir se rétrécissant vers le bas, des buses de déchargement de gaz (6) étant disposées dans la zone du cône (4) en forme d'entonnoir, et les buses de déchargement de gaz (6) étant disposées et conçues de telle sorte que les jets de gaz (10) qu'elles émettent s'appuient tangentiellement par rapport aux lignes médianes des jets de gaz (10) sur une spirale spatiale (1) respective se rétrécissant vers le bas et disposée de manière imaginaire dans le cône (4) en forme d'entonnoir, caractérisé en ce que les spirales spatiales imaginaires (1) présentent au moins deux révolutions contre lesquelles les jets de gaz (10) des buses de déchargement de gaz (6) s'appuient tangentiellement par rapport aux lignes médianes des jets de gaz (10), au moins deux jets de gaz (10) des buses de déchargement de gaz (6) étant en contact par révolution, et les buses de déchargement de gaz (6) étant disposées sur une limite du cône en forme d'entonnoir (4) se rétrécissant vers le bas et ne faisant pas saillie dans le cône.
  2. Dispositif de déchargement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les jets de gaz émis (10) se trouvent tangentiellement contre la spirale spatiale respective (1) à une distance de 0 à 10 cm du point de sortie de la buse de déchargement de gaz respective (6).
  3. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les spirales spatiales (1) présentent un axe de rotation commun (2) et sont notamment disposées en rotation les unes par rapport aux autres autour de l'axe de rotation commun (2).
  4. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les spirales spatiales (1) sont disposées de manière identique et notamment congruente.
  5. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel un tube (8) de diamètre constant et/ou un dispositif d'obturation (9) est disposé à l'extrémité du cône.
  6. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les spirales spatiales (1) présentent une courbe de conicité identique ou pouvant être obtenue à partir de la courbe de conicité du cône en entonnoir (4) par réduction à l'échelle,
  7. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les buses d'éjection de gaz (6) sont disposées de telle sorte que les jets de gaz (10) émis par au moins une, en particulier au moins trois, des spirales spatiales (1) sont tangentiellement en contact avec chacune d'au moins trois des buses d'éjection de gaz (6).
  8. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le diamètre libre du cône est compris entre 200 et 400 mm.
  9. Dispositif de déchargement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le cône est un cône de 10 à 50% et/ou présente une hauteur de 30% à 200% du cône.
  10. Mélangeur ou réservoir (5) pour matières en vrac comportant sur sa face inférieure au moins un, en particulier au moins deux, dispositifs de vidange selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  11. Procédé de déchargement par gravité d'un matériau en vrac, dans lequel le matériau en vrac est guidé à travers un cône en forme d'entonnoir (4) se rétrécissant vers le bas, et le matériau en vrac est fluidifié dans la région du cône en forme d'entonnoir (4) par des jets de gaz (10) sortant de buses de déchargement de gaz (6), les jets de gaz (10) étant disposés et formés de telle sorte qu'ils s'appuient tangentiellement, par rapport aux lignes médianes des jets de gaz (10), sur une spirale spatiale respective (1) qui se rétrécit vers le bas et qui est disposée de manière imaginaire dans le cône en forme d'entonnoir (4), caractérisé en ce que les spirales spatiales imaginaires présentent au moins deux révolutions contre lesquelles les jets de gaz (10) des buses de déchargement de gaz s'appliquent tangentiellement par rapport aux lignes médianes des jets de gaz (10), au moins deux jets de gaz (10) des buses de déchargement de gaz (6) s'appliquant contre chaque révolution, et dans lequel les jets de gaz (10) sortent des buses de déchargement de gaz (6) sur une limite du cône en forme d'entonnoir (4) se rétrécissant vers le bas, dans lequel les buses de déchargement de gaz (6) ne font pas saillie dans le cône.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel les jets de gaz émis (10) se trouvent tangentiellement contre la spirale spatiale respective (1) à une distance de 0 à 10 cm du point de sortie d'une buse (6) les générant,
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 11 ou 12, dans lequel les spirales spatiales (1) sont identiques et, en particulier, sont disposées de manière congruente et/ou les spirales spatiales (1) ont un axe de rotation commun (2).
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 11 à 13, dans lequel le matériau en vrac à l'extrémité du cône est guidé dans un tuyau (8) de diamètre constant et/ou à travers un dispositif d'obturation (9).
EP16155224.5A 2016-02-11 2016-02-11 Évacuation vortex Active EP3205605B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16155224.5A EP3205605B1 (fr) 2016-02-11 2016-02-11 Évacuation vortex

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16155224.5A EP3205605B1 (fr) 2016-02-11 2016-02-11 Évacuation vortex

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3205605A1 EP3205605A1 (fr) 2017-08-16
EP3205605B1 true EP3205605B1 (fr) 2021-05-26

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714043A (en) * 1949-11-05 1955-07-26 Crane Co Conveyor apparatus
AT253428B (de) * 1964-02-21 1967-04-10 Gattys Tech Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Austragen von Massengut aus einem Behälter
DE1277119B (de) * 1966-08-06 1968-09-05 Bjarne Sem Einrichtung zum pneumatischen Foerdern koerniger oder schwerfliessender Massen
DE3103726A1 (de) * 1981-02-04 1982-08-12 Agrichema Handelsgesellschaft für Chemikalien, Industrieerzeugnisse und landwirtschaftlichen Bedarf mbH, 6501 Budenheim Verfahren zur beseitigung von schuettgut-fliessproblemen durch den einsatz von luftstossgeraeten
US4496076A (en) * 1982-04-16 1985-01-29 Global Manufacturing Co. Inc. Multiple blast aerator system
GB2162778B (en) * 1984-08-06 1987-08-26 British Hydromechanics Feeding abrasive material
DE102010018841A1 (de) * 2010-04-29 2011-11-03 Uhde Gmbh Austragskonus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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