EP3192582B1 - Tool for a mixing device, mixing device comprising the tool and use of the tool - Google Patents
Tool for a mixing device, mixing device comprising the tool and use of the tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3192582B1 EP3192582B1 EP16205611.3A EP16205611A EP3192582B1 EP 3192582 B1 EP3192582 B1 EP 3192582B1 EP 16205611 A EP16205611 A EP 16205611A EP 3192582 B1 EP3192582 B1 EP 3192582B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- blade
- rotation
- rotary shaft
- rotational axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012820 baking ingredients and mixes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
- B01F23/233—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
- B01F23/2331—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements
- B01F23/23314—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements characterised by the introduction of the gas along the axis of the stirrer or along the stirrer elements through a hollow stirrer element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/70—Pre-treatment of the materials to be mixed
- B01F23/702—Cooling materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/70—Pre-treatment of the materials to be mixed
- B01F23/711—Heating materials, e.g. melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/112—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades
- B01F27/1123—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades sickle-shaped, i.e. curved in at least one direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
- B01F27/191—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with similar elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/21—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders characterised by their rotating shafts
- B01F27/2122—Hollow shafts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a tool, in particular for comminuting and / or mixing mixed material, for a mixing device with a container for receiving the mixed material, the tool rotating in the container in a first direction of rotation about an axis of rotation in order to comminute the mixed material and / or to mix, and wherein the tool has a rotary shaft with at least one tool blade extending radially outward from the rotary shaft, which forms an end face in the first direction of rotation and a rear side in a direction opposite to the first direction of rotation.
- the invention further relates to a mixing device with a corresponding tool.
- mixed materials can identify a combination of different substances, in particular solids such as baking mixes. For the purposes of the invention, however, this also includes a single solid, such as Flour processed by the blender.
- additives such as gases, liquids and / or solids combinations thereof are introduced into the mix. This can e.g. Preservatives, colorants, dyes, etc. or just air.
- Mixing devices known from the prior art have a container rotatably mounted about a vertical axis for receiving the mixture with an upper opening.
- the container is loaded with mixed material through the opening.
- a mixing tool for example a rotatable mixing shaft with at least one helix, projects from above through the opening at an angle to the vertical axis of the container and rotates.
- the tool moves through the mix and mixes the substances so that they are processed into a homogeneous mass. At the appropriate speed, not only does mixing take place, the tool also crushes the mix.
- Devices of this type are generally used separately and are known under the term chopper or comminution tool. In particular, the end face of the tool blades ensures that the mix is crushed by hitting the mix at high speed.
- a mixing tool which rotates about the longitudinal axis of the container and which transports the mixed material upwards along the container wall, is mounted in a container.
- a hollow shaft In the bottom area in the container wall there is a hollow shaft rotatably driven by an electric motor, which projects into the interior of the container.
- Cutting rotors which serve to avoid lumps in the mix, extend radially outward from the hollow shaft.
- the mixing device described has a whirling device in the bottom region, which has a multiplicity of stirring members which extend radially outward from the axis of rotation of the swirling device.
- the agitators are angled at their outer end, kinking up and down.
- Nozzles for introducing additives are arranged below the agitators on an injection pipe.
- DE 198 57 775 A1 discloses a tool according to the preamble of claim 1 and relates to a device for mixing dry bulk materials and water-containing substances.
- the device comprises four hollow paddles tapering in the radial direction, which have nozzles on their outer contour through which vapors can be introduced.
- US 2009/110 559 A1 discloses a mixing propeller for introducing a fluid into liquids and mixing the liquids and solids in the liquids.
- the blades of the propeller have closed end faces and side walls and rear sides with openings.
- the fluids can be introduced into the liquids through the openings, the openings on the rear being arranged such that the emerging fluids meet the end face of the wing that follows in the direction of rotation in order to improve the mixing of the fluid in the liquid.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the degree of efficiency of such a tool and a mixing device. This object is achieved by a tool with the features of claim 1 and by a mixing device with the features of claim 14.
- the end face has an outwardly curved contour in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the rear side has an inwardly curved contour in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation
- the tool blade has at least one nozzle for supplying additives or gases, liquids and / or solids on. Due to the special contour of the tool blade, there are speed differences between the currents on the front and rear side, which in the Laminar and turbulent flow conditions in the mix are caused in the area of the front and rear side. As a result, the mix is whirled up, mixed better and can also be comminuted better.
- the first direction of rotation denotes the direction of rotation of the tool provided for the operation of a mixing device.
- the plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation denotes the plane on which the axis of rotation is perpendicular.
- the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the vectors spanning the plane and perpendicular to each other.
- the corresponding viewing direction along the axis of rotation can be referred to as the top view of the plane.
- the front side in the direction of rotation can also be referred to as a front edge of the tool blade and the rear side in the direction of rotation as a rear edge of the tool blade.
- the section of the tool blade which extends radially outward forms the end face, in particular the end face, which cuts through the material to be mixed.
- the front side faces the material flow that flows along the tool blade and can therefore also be referred to as the windward side.
- the rear side or so-called rear side denotes the side which is oriented opposite to the direction of rotation. This corresponds to the lee side of the tool blade and can accordingly form a rear surface.
- the tool blade moves around the axis of rotation in a plane to which the axis of rotation of the shaft is orthogonal.
- the end face can have an arcuate cross-section or an arcuate contour in a viewing direction along the axis of rotation (plan view) and thereby extend radially outward and thereby approach a first axis along which the tool blade extends radially outward so that a forms an outwardly curved or convex contour.
- the rear side also extends radially outward in an arc and approaches the first axis. However, the rear side has an inwardly curved, concave shape or contour.
- the area portion of the end face can be larger than the area portion of the rear side of the total area of the front and rear sides.
- the rotary shaft and the tool blade can have at least one feedthrough for additives to the at least one nozzle, so that additives can be passed through the rotary shaft and the tool blade from the nozzle into the mixture.
- the rotary shaft can be designed as a hollow shaft or hollow lance for carrying out corresponding media or can be designed as a hollow shaft and accommodate a pipe or a line.
- the feedthrough for the additives has at least one opening which is connected to the feedthrough in the tool blade.
- the nozzles can be designed in the form of bores, openings or the like in the tool blade.
- the tool according to the invention can be used as a mixing tool in order to mix the material to be mixed.
- the tool can be used as a comminution tool to comminute the mix and thus improve the mixing result.
- the invention makes it possible to advantageously integrate the functions of a mixer and a comminution tool into a tool.
- the tool can be used in addition to a mixing spiral, but also as an alternative to the mixing spiral.
- the tool is rotatably mounted, preferably in a lid that closes the opening of the container, and is rotatably driven by a suitable drive, such as an electric motor.
- a suitable drive such as an electric motor.
- the tool blade or the tool blades are preferably arranged on a lower end, that is to say on the end of the shaft which projects into the container.
- the tool blade can have an outer contour surrounding the blade, which, like a wing, extends radially outward from the shaft.
- the tool blade can also have a flat underside directed in a first direction of the axis of rotation and a flat top directed in the opposite direction.
- the sides can be separated by an edge, e.g. be separated from each other on the front and rear side, wherein the edge can extend parallel to the axis of rotation and / or perpendicular to the top or bottom of the tool blade.
- the edges can also be inclined, e.g. be designed as cutting edges.
- the tool sheet has a perimeter that extends along the edge of the tool sheet.
- the tool blade ends in a plan view in the radial direction or radially outside in a blunt outer section.
- the outer section can be designed in such a way that it connects the rear and the front side to one another.
- the outer section ensures improved flow conditions so that particularly strong and stable vortex configurations are created, which ensure additional mixing of the mix.
- the mix does not hit the front edge of the tool blade, as on the front, but the outer area of the tool blade is drawn past the mix and draws a circular track through the mix.
- the tool blade preferably has a plurality of nozzles which are arranged such that at least a number of the nozzles are at a different distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
- several nozzles can be distributed along the circumferential edge of the tool blade in such a way that at least a number of the nozzles are at a different distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
- the peripheral speed of the tool blade increases with increasing distance from the central axis, so that the impact on the mix can take place at a higher speed.
- the material to be mixed hits the end face in the outer area of the tool blade at a significantly higher speed than in the vicinity of the center or rotation axis.
- the acceleration of the additives inside the tool blade in the vicinity of the axis of rotation is less than on the outer circumference of the tool blade.
- the pressure at which the liquid emerges from the nozzle is varied.
- the centrifugal force causes the additive in the tool blade to be thrown outwards, causing it to accelerate and thus to exit the nozzles at high pressure.
- the tool blade has a number of nozzles at least on the front side and in particular on the rear side.
- the blunt outer section preferably also has at least one nozzle.
- the nozzles are distributed in the circumferential direction of the tool sheet along the edge surrounding the tool sheet.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that the tool is perpendicular in a first direction or along a first axis extends radially outward to the axis of rotation and that with increasing distance in the first direction from the axis of rotation, the radial distance between the end face and the axis of rotation is greater than the radial distance between the rear side and the axis of rotation.
- a reference point on the axis in the first direction can be selected, onto which the respective point of the front side or the rear side is projected vertically in the plan view.
- the tool preferably has two tool blades lying opposite one another in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. These are then preferably combined in a tool element or form a tool element. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the two tool blades are at least partially integrally connected to one another.
- the tool element can have at least one component that forms a section of the first tool sheet and a section of the second tool sheet.
- the tool element can have a flat top component and a flat bottom component, wherein the top component and the bottom component each form a section of the first and the second tool blade.
- at least two tool blades are combined in one tool element and formed in one piece.
- the tool element can have an upper side component and a lower side component, which are connected to one another by a peripheral edge.
- the concept of the invention also includes tool elements with more than two tool blades, for example three tool blades that are distributed around the rotary shaft at constant angular intervals.
- the outwardly curved end faces of a first tool blade and a second tool blade can be diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of rotation.
- the tool element is shaped such that the outer contour of the first tool sheet essentially corresponds to a point reflection of the second tool sheet by the axis of rotation.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that several tool elements or tool blades are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the axis of rotation, preferably evenly distributed.
- tool elements or tool blades that are adjacent or immediately adjacent to one another in the direction of the axis of rotation are arranged at an angular offset, which reinforces the swirling effect in the vertical direction.
- the angularly offset arrangement ensures that, for example, the swirls generated on the leeward side are carried upwards in the vertical direction by the swirls of the adjacent rotary blade following in the direction of rotation.
- the flat top component and the flat bottom component are spaced apart from one another and preferably parallel to one another and are connected to one another by a flat outer contour, for example the front and rear side or the peripheral edge, so that there is between the top and the bottom or the top component and the bottom component forms a cavity.
- a flat outer contour for example the front and rear side or the peripheral edge
- the feedthrough for the additives in the hollow shaft can be connected to the cavity, so that additives introduced into the rotary shaft can be ejected through the nozzles.
- the cavity then serves as a feedthrough for the additives. It proves to be advantageous if, as described above, the top component and the underside component are each part of two opposing tool blades. This saves production costs and assembly is considerably simplified.
- the tool comprises a temperature control device, preferably arranged in the rotary shaft, for temperature control, that is to say for cooling and / or heating, the additives.
- the temperature control device can have an inflow and an outflow for a temperature control agent, e.g. have a bath liquid such as cooling water.
- a temperature control agent e.g. have a bath liquid such as cooling water.
- the tool comprises at least two bushings and / or lines, such as pipes or the like, provided in the hollow rotating shaft, which extend in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, preferably parallel to the bushing for the additives, and are connected to one another in such a way that a bath fluid can be pumped through the lines in the manner of a circuit.
- the temperature control device has a feedthrough for carrying out or passing through temperature control agents, the feedthrough for the additives being at least partially arranged in the feedthrough for the temperature control agents.
- Efficient temperature control is achieved in particular if the hollow rotary shaft is designed as a tube, in particular for the inflow of the temperature control medium, so that, for example, the temperature control medium flowing in flows in the space between the feedthrough for the additives and the hollow rotary shaft.
- One or more lines or pipes extending parallel to the feedthrough for the additives can be provided to discharge the temperature control means, which in the lower area of the rotary shaft are connected to the space between the feedthrough for the additives and the rotary shaft, that is to say the inflow, and form a circumferential channel.
- the bushings can have corresponding connections for supplying and removing for the temperature control means.
- a heat exchanger or the like can be connected to the connections in order to close the temperature control circuit.
- the inflow and outflow are connected to each other in the lower area of the rotating shaft.
- the connections can e.g. be provided in the form of radial rotary inlets, which allow the supply of liquids in rotating supply lines.
- Suitable rotating introductions include DEUBLIN GmbH from Hofheim-Wallau, Germany.
- spacers can be provided between the lines and an inner wall of the rotary shaft and / or between the lines and the outer wall of the feedthrough for the additives.
- the feedthrough for the additives is preferably arranged centrally in the hollow rotary shaft, so that the axis of rotation of the feedthrough coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
- a mixing device for mixing material to be mixed which comprises a tool with the features described herein.
- a mixing device can in particular have a container, preferably rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, for receiving the mixed material. It proves to be particularly advantageous when the tool is rotatably mounted in a cover which can be covered by a container opening, so that the tool can be removed from the container together with the cover and the tool can be inserted into the container when the cover is placed on or over the container the opening of which is positioned (so-called mixer bell).
- the mixing device can also have a mixing tool, such as a mixing helix or the like, the mixing tool transporting and mixing the material to be mixed upward essentially along a container wall of the container.
- a mixing tool such as a mixing helix or the like
- the tool or its shaft can basically have the connections described above for connecting a source for additives such as gases, liquids or solids. These can be introduced into the hollow shaft by means of a pump or another suitable device for introducing the additives.
- the representation in the Figure 1 corresponds to a viewing direction along the axis of rotation 2 provided for the tool 1 shown.
- the plan view shown corresponds to a plane which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 2.
- the cross section of the tool 1 is shown in this plane.
- the tool 1 comprises a shaft 3 with a hollow inner section 4. In operation, the tool 1 is rotated about the axis of rotation 2 in a first direction of rotation 5.
- the tool 1 comprises a tool element 6 fastened to the shaft 3 with two tool blades 7 and 8 lying opposite one another. Starting from the axis of rotation 2, the first tool blade 7 extends radially outwards in a first direction along that in FIG Figure 1 X-axis shown. The second tool sheet 8 extends along the X axis in the opposite Direction.
- the tool 1 can be used as a mixer or as a chopper. In this case in particular, the tool blades can also be referred to as chopper blades.
- the tool blades 7, 8 each have a wing-like contour.
- the tool blades 7, 8 each form an end face 9 facing the direction of rotation, while they each form a rear side 10 in the direction facing away from the direction of rotation 5.
- the end faces 9 are each designed as flat end faces and the rear sides 10 are designed as flat rear faces, which extend in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation.
- the end face 9 is shaped such that it has an outwardly curved contour in the plan view shown. That means it has a convex shape.
- the rear side 10 is shaped such that it has an inwardly curved contour, that is to say it is concave.
- the front side 9 and the rear side 10 are each connected to one another by a blunt outer section 11.
- the tool blade 7 or 8 ends in this blunt outer section 11, so that the tool blade 7, 8 has the shape of a truncated wing.
- the end faces 9 of the tool blades 7 and 8 are diametrically opposed with respect to the axis of rotation 2. The same applies to the rear sides 10 of the tool blades 7 and 8.
- the outer contour of the tool element 6 is such that the outer contour of the second tool blade 8 is formed by mirroring the outer contour of the first tool blade 7 through the axis of rotation 2.
- a reference point 12 is shown on the X axis.
- a reference line (dash-dot line) running parallel to the Y axis through this reference point 12 is also shown. With increasing distance of this reference line from the axis of rotation 2 along the X-axis, a point intersecting this reference line on the end face 9 lies radially further away from the axis of rotation 2 than a point intersecting the reference line on the rear side 10. In the example shown, the radial is therefore Distance 13 of the front side 9 is greater than the radial distance 14 of the rear side 10.
- the Figure 2 shows the flow conditions on the tool 1 or the tool element 6 when it is immersed in a mixture, for example solids or a pasty mass, and rotates about the axis of rotation 2 in the direction of rotation 5.
- a mixture for example solids or a pasty mass
- the curved shapes of the front and rear sides 9, 10 create areas along which the mixed material flows at different flow rates. Since the end face 9 is relatively flat and elongated radially outwards, high flow velocities result on the end face 9, combined with a laminar flow. On the rear side 10, however, there is a very turbulent flow pattern with eddies in the mix. The flow velocity here is comparatively low compared to the front.
- the different speeds result from the fact that the longer distance that is curved outwards on the end face 9 of the medium surrounding the rotating tool blade must be covered in the same time as on the inward curved rear sections 10 of the tool blade, where the inwardly curved edges Cause turbulence.
- the different speeds result in flow stalls that lead to turbulent flows.
- the laminar flows 15 occur in areas along the end faces 9 at high speed.
- a turbulent flow pattern with vortex formation 16 is created due to the lower flow velocities.
- the in the Figure 3 illustrated embodiment differs from the embodiment in the Figures 1 and 2 in that three tool elements 17, 18 and 19 are provided at the end of the rotary shaft 3, each of which likewise comprises two opposite tool blades 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b.
- the tool sheet 19b is opposite the tool sheet 19a and therefore not visible.
- the rotary shaft 3 rotates in operation about the axis of rotation 2 in the direction of rotation 5.
- the uppermost tool element 17 is aligned parallel to the lower tool element 19 with respect to the axis of rotation 2.
- the middle tool element 18 is arranged at an angular offset with respect to the upper tool element 17 and the lower tool element 19. This also results in the vertical direction, i.e. in the direction of the axis of rotation 2, between the tool elements 17, 18 and 19 in each case turbulent flows 16, which also ensure mixing in the vertical direction.
- the structure of the tool elements 17, 18, 19 or the tool blades is explained by way of example on the uppermost tool element 17.
- the uppermost tool element 17 comprises a flat top component 17c and an equally shaped bottom component 17d, which are arranged parallel to one another at a distance and by the peripheral edge, which, among other things, the Forms end and rear sides 9, 10, connected to one another, so that a cavity is formed in the interior of the tool blade 17a, 17b or the tool element 17.
- the tool blades 17a and 17b share a common top component 17c and a common bottom component 17d, so that the tool blades 17a and 17b are partially integrally formed.
- a plurality of nozzles 20 are formed for introducing additives into the mixture.
- the nozzles 20 are connected to the cavity of the respective tool blade, the cavity also being connected to a passage in the shaft 3. Through the passage and the cavity, additives such as gases, liquids or solids or combinations thereof can be passed through the nozzles 20 and thus introduced into the mix.
- the rotation of the tool 1 creates turbulent flow conditions 16 through the tool elements 17, 18 and 19, which also lead to internal friction between these multiphase flows. Pressure fluctuations occur between the areas of laminar flow and turbulent flow, which cause additional mixing. As a result, additives are evenly distributed. The introduction of additives also loosens the mix and supports the mixing positively.
- the Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a tool 1 according to a further embodiment of the invention.
- the structure of the tool elements corresponds to that of the tool elements Figure 3 , Tool blades 7, 8 are provided at the lower end of the rotary shaft 3.
- the rotary shaft 3 is also designed here as a hollow shaft and has a bushing 21 in its interior in the form of a line, which is connected to the nozzles 20 of the tool blades 7, 8 at the lower end of the rotary shaft 3.
- Inside the rotary shaft 3 is a bushing 22 provided for introducing or supplying a temperature control agent (temperature control water).
- the implementation 22 is referred to as the inflow implementation.
- the bushing 22 for the temperature control water is formed by the hollow inner section 4 of the rotary shaft 3, the bushing 21 for the additive (additive bushing) being arranged inside the inner section 4, so that a temperature control water flowing through the inner section 4 leads to the bushing 21 washed around for the additive.
- two lines 23 ( Figure 6 ) are provided, which are also arranged in the bushing for the temperature control water, but ensure that the temperature control water runs off. These are referred to as drain bushings.
- a holder 24 is arranged, with which the tool 1 can be attached to a mixer lid or the like.
- a drive 25 for rotationally driving the rotary shaft 3 is also provided.
- the Figure 5 shows the upper section of the tool 1 from the Figure 4 in the sectional view, but rotated by 90 ° around the axis of rotation.
- a feed 26 or a connection for the temperature control water is provided in the upper area of the rotary shaft 3.
- the temperature control water can be introduced into this inlet 26 into the inner section 4 or the inlet duct 22, so that it flows into the interior between the inside of the rotary shaft 3 and the additive duct 21.
- the additive feedthrough 21 is arranged centrally in the rotary shaft 3 in the form of a tube. When the temperature control water reaches the inner section 4 via the feed 26, it flows downwards in the direction of the tool blades.
- the additive feedthrough 21 is connected to the hollow interior of the individual tool elements or tool blades, which by curved arrows is indicated.
- the tool elements or tool blades have a large number of nozzles 20 on the circumference.
- the additive reaches the interior of the tool blades 7, 8 and is introduced into the mixture through the nozzles 20, the shape of the tool blades 7, 8 as explained above, which produces advantageous swirling effects.
- the additives reach the tool blades 7, 8, they are tempered by the temperature control water in the leadthrough 22.
- the temperature control can consist of cooling or heating the additives.
- the bushings 23 serving as a drain for the temperature control water are also arranged in the form of lines in the inner section 4. These drain bushings 23 are arranged on opposite sides of the additive bushing 21. In the lower area, the drain bushings 23 have an opening 27 which are connected to the inlet bushing 22 for the temperature control water. The temperature control water can thus be sucked off and pumped up through the outlet passages 23 after passing through the inner section 4 in the lower region of the tool 1. The openings 27 protrude in the lower region of the tool 1 into a circumferential ring channel. As the Figure 6 further shows, spacers 28 are provided between the inner wall of the rotary shaft 3 and the drain bushings 23, which ensure the secure fit of the drain bushings 23 in the rotating rotary shaft 3.
- the Figure 7 shows the upper section of the tool 1 from the Figure 4 ,
- the drain bushings 23 end in a drain 29 with a radial rotary inlet.
- the temperature control water is taken from the drain bushings 23 and can be supplied to a heat exchanger (not shown) or another receptacle for the temperature control water that flows away.
- This heat exchanger not shown, can are also connected to the feeder 26 for the feedthrough for the temperature control water, so that a temperature control circuit can be set up.
- At the upper end of the rotary shaft 3 there is also an axial rotary lead-in 30, via which the additives or the additive can be introduced into the additive feedthroughs 21, which is indicated by an arrow pointing downward.
- FIG 8 is again the lower section of the tool 1 from the Figure 4 shown in a viewing direction along the axis of rotation.
- the openings 27, which open into a circulation channel 31, are shown.
- This circulation channel 31 is connected to the inner section 4 or the inlet duct 22, so that an optimal outflow of the temperature control water is always guaranteed even when the openings 27 rotate.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Werkzeug, insbesondere zum Zerkleinern und/oder Mischen von Mischgut, fĂ¼r eine Mischvorrichtung mit einem Behälter zur Aufnahme des Mischguts, wobei das Werkzeug in dem Behälter in einer ersten Drehrichtung um eine Rotationsachse rotiert, um das Mischgut zu zerkleinern und/oder zu mischen, und wobei das Werkzeug eine Drehwelle mit wenigstens einem sich von der Drehwelle radial nach auĂŸen erstreckenden Werkzeugblatt aufweist, das in der ersten Drehrichtung eine Stirnseite und in einer der ersten Drehrichtung entgegengesetzten Richtung eine Heckseite ausbildet. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Mischvorrichtung mit einem entsprechenden Werkzeug.The invention relates to a tool, in particular for comminuting and / or mixing mixed material, for a mixing device with a container for receiving the mixed material, the tool rotating in the container in a first direction of rotation about an axis of rotation in order to comminute the mixed material and / or to mix, and wherein the tool has a rotary shaft with at least one tool blade extending radially outward from the rotary shaft, which forms an end face in the first direction of rotation and a rear side in a direction opposite to the first direction of rotation. The invention further relates to a mixing device with a corresponding tool.
GattungsgemĂ¤ĂŸe Werkzeuge werden in Mischvorrichtungen eingesetzt, um Mischgut oder SchĂ¼ttgut, beispielsweise trockene und/oder angefeuchtete Feststoffe zu durchmischen und/oder zu zerkleinern. Eine wesentliche Anforderung an solche Mischvorrichtungen ist eine ausreichende Mischwirkung, um eine gute Homogenität der Mischung zu gewährleisten. Der Begriff Mischgut kann eine Kombination verschiedener Stoffe, insbesondere Feststoffe wie Backmischungen kennzeichnen. Im Sinne der Erfindung fällt darunter aber auch ein einzelner Feststoff, wie z.B. Mehl, der durch die Mischvorrichtung bearbeitet wird. In einer Verarbeitungsstufe werden Zusatzstoffe (Additive) wie Gase, FlĂ¼ssigkeiten und/oder Feststoffen Kombinationen derselben in das Mischgut eingebracht. Hierbei kann es sich z.B. um Konservierungsmittel, Farbmittel, Farbstoff usw. oder auch nur um Luft handeln.Generic tools are used in mixing devices in order to mix and / or crush comminuted or bulk material, for example dry and / or moistened solids. An essential requirement for such mixing devices is a sufficient mixing effect to ensure good homogeneity of the mixture. The term mixed material can identify a combination of different substances, in particular solids such as baking mixes. For the purposes of the invention, however, this also includes a single solid, such as Flour processed by the blender. In a processing stage, additives such as gases, liquids and / or solids combinations thereof are introduced into the mix. This can e.g. Preservatives, colorants, dyes, etc. or just air.
Aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Mischvorrichtungen weisen einen um eine Hochachse drehbar gelagerten Behälter zur Aufnahme des Mischguts mit einer oberen Ă–ffnung auf. Durch die Ă–ffnung wird der Behälter mit Mischgut beladen. Ein Mischwerkzeug, z.B. eine drehbare Mischwelle mit wenigstens einer Wendel, ragt von oben durch die Ă–ffnung schräg zur Hochachse des Behälters in diesen hinein und rotiert. Das Werkzeug fährt durch das Mischgut und durchmischt die Stoffe, so dass diese zu einer homogenen Masse verarbeitet werden. Bei entsprechender Drehzahl findet nicht nur eine Durchmischung statt, sondern das Werkzeug zerkleinert das Mischgut zusätzlich. Solche Vorrichtungen werden in der Regel separat eingesetzt und sind unter dem Begriff Zerhacker oder Zerkleinerungswerkzeug bekannt. Dabei sorgt insbesondere die Stirnseite der Werkzeugblätter fĂ¼r eine Zerkleinerung des Mischgutes, indem diese mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf das Mischgut trifft.Mixing devices known from the prior art have a container rotatably mounted about a vertical axis for receiving the mixture with an upper opening. The container is loaded with mixed material through the opening. A mixing tool, for example a rotatable mixing shaft with at least one helix, projects from above through the opening at an angle to the vertical axis of the container and rotates. The tool moves through the mix and mixes the substances so that they are processed into a homogeneous mass. At the appropriate speed, not only does mixing take place, the tool also crushes the mix. Devices of this type are generally used separately and are known under the term chopper or comminution tool. In particular, the end face of the tool blades ensures that the mix is crushed by hitting the mix at high speed.
Aus der
Die in der
Bekannt ist, dass der Effizienz der durch das Mischgut fahrenden Werkzeuge gewisse Grenzen gesetzt sind, weil oftmals eine ungenĂ¼gende Materialbewegung des Mischguts stattfindet, so dass das Mischgut nicht zu einer homogenen Masse verarbeitet oder zerkleinert werden kann. Das hat auch zur Folge, dass die Additive nicht effizient in das Mischgut eingebracht werden können.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, den Effizienzgrad eines derartigen Werkzeugs und einer Mischvorrichtung zu verbessern.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Werkzeug mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und durch eine Mischvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 14 gelöst.It is known that there are certain limits to the efficiency of the tools moving through the material to be mixed, because there is often insufficient material movement of the material to be mixed, so that the material to be mixed cannot be processed or comminuted to a homogeneous mass. This also means that the additives cannot be efficiently introduced into the mix.
The object of the present invention is to improve the degree of efficiency of such a tool and a mixing device.
This object is achieved by a tool with the features of
Die Stirnseite weist in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Rotationsachse eine nach auĂŸen gewölbte Kontur und die Heckseite in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Rotationsachse eine nach innen gewölbte Kontor auf, und das Werkzeugblatt weist wenigstens eine DĂ¼se zum ZufĂ¼hren von Additiven bzw. Gasen, FlĂ¼ssigkeiten und/oder Feststoffen auf.
Durch die besondere Kontur des Werkzeugblattes kommt es zu Geschwindigkeitsdifferenzen zwischen den Strömungen an Stirn- und Heckseite, wodurch im Bereich der Stirn- und Heckseite laminare und turbulente Strömungsverhältnissen im Mischgut hervorgerufen werden. Dadurch wird das Mischgut aufgewirbelt, besser vermischt und kann auch besser zerkleinert werden. Die erste Drehrichtung bezeichnet dabei die fĂ¼r den Betrieb einer Mischvorrichtung vorgesehene Drehrichtung des Werkzeugs. Durch die Blattgeometrie und die Möglichkeit, Additive wie Gase, FlĂ¼ssigkeiten oder Feststoffe oder Kombinationen dieser Stoffe während der Rotation aus dem Werkzeugblatt in das Mischgut einzubringen, wird das Ergebnis des Arbeitsprozesses maĂŸgeblich verbessert, weil die DĂ¼se unmittelbar in den Verwirbelungsbereichen eingesetzt ist. Das ZufĂ¼hren von Additiven Ă¼ber die DĂ¼sen bewirkt in Kombination mit den Werkzeugblättern eine zusätzliche Durchmischung und ein gleichmĂ¤ĂŸiges Verteilen der Additive.The end face has an outwardly curved contour in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the rear side has an inwardly curved contour in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and the tool blade has at least one nozzle for supplying additives or gases, liquids and / or solids on.
Due to the special contour of the tool blade, there are speed differences between the currents on the front and rear side, which in the Laminar and turbulent flow conditions in the mix are caused in the area of the front and rear side. As a result, the mix is whirled up, mixed better and can also be comminuted better. The first direction of rotation denotes the direction of rotation of the tool provided for the operation of a mixing device. Due to the blade geometry and the possibility of introducing additives such as gases, liquids or solids or combinations of these substances from the tool blade into the mix during rotation, the result of the work process is significantly improved because the nozzle is used directly in the swirling areas. Adding additives through the nozzles in combination with the tool blades results in additional mixing and even distribution of the additives.
Die Ebene, die senkrecht zur Rotationsachse liegt, bezeichnet die Ebene, auf der die Rotationsachse senkrecht steht. Mit anderen Worten, die Rotationsachse liegt jeweils senkrecht zu den die Ebene aufspannenden und senkrecht zu einander liegenden Vektoren. Die entsprechende Blickrichtung entlang der Rotationsachse kann als die Draufsicht auf die Ebene bezeichnet werden. Die Stirnseite kann in Rotationsrichtung auch als eine vordere Kante des Werkzeugblattes und die Heckseite in Rotationsrichtung als eine hintere Kante des Werkzeugblattes bezeichnet werden.The plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation denotes the plane on which the axis of rotation is perpendicular. In other words, the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the vectors spanning the plane and perpendicular to each other. The corresponding viewing direction along the axis of rotation can be referred to as the top view of the plane. The front side in the direction of rotation can also be referred to as a front edge of the tool blade and the rear side in the direction of rotation as a rear edge of the tool blade.
In der fĂ¼r den Betrieb vorgesehenen Rotationsrichtung bildet der sich radial nach auĂŸen erstreckende Abschnitt des Werkzeugblatts die durch das Mischgut schneidende Stirnseite, insbesondere Stirnfläche aus. Die Stirnseite ist der Materialströmung, die an dem Werkzeugblatt entlang flieĂŸt, zugewandt und kann daher auch als Luv-Seite bezeichnet werden. Die RĂ¼ckseite oder so genannte Heckseite bezeichnet die Seite, die entgegengesetzt der Rotationsrichtung orientiert ist. Diese entspricht der Lee-Seite des Werkzeugblattes und kann entsprechend eine Heckfläche ausbilden. Das Werkzeugblatt bewegt sich um die Rotationsachse herum in einer Ebene, zu der die Rotationsachse der Welle orthogonal liegt.In the rotational direction provided for operation, the section of the tool blade which extends radially outward forms the end face, in particular the end face, which cuts through the material to be mixed. The front side faces the material flow that flows along the tool blade and can therefore also be referred to as the windward side. The rear side or so-called rear side denotes the side which is oriented opposite to the direction of rotation. This corresponds to the lee side of the tool blade and can accordingly form a rear surface. The tool blade moves around the axis of rotation in a plane to which the axis of rotation of the shaft is orthogonal.
Die Stirnseite kann in einer Blickrichtung entlang der Rotationsachse (Draufsicht) einen bogenförmigen Querschnitt bzw. eine bogenförmige Kontur aufweisen und sich dabei radial nach auĂŸen erstrecken und dabei einer ersten Achse, entlang welcher sich das Werkzeugblatt radial nach auĂŸen erstreckt, so annähern, dass sich eine nach auĂŸen gewölbte bzw. konvexe Kontur ausbildet. Auch die Heckseite erstreckt sich bogenförmig radial nach auĂŸen und nähert sich der ersten Achse an. Allerdings weist die Heckseite eine nach innen gewölbte, konkave Form bzw. Kontur auf.The end face can have an arcuate cross-section or an arcuate contour in a viewing direction along the axis of rotation (plan view) and thereby extend radially outward and thereby approach a first axis along which the tool blade extends radially outward so that a forms an outwardly curved or convex contour. The rear side also extends radially outward in an arc and approaches the first axis. However, the rear side has an inwardly curved, concave shape or contour.
ErfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ kann der Flächenanteil der Stirnfläche grĂ¶ĂŸer sein als der Flächenanteil der Heckseite an der Gesamtfläche der Stirn- und Heckseiten.According to the invention, the area portion of the end face can be larger than the area portion of the rear side of the total area of the front and rear sides.
ErfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸ können die Drehwelle und das Werkzeugblatt wenigstens eine DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r Additive zu der wenigstens einen DĂ¼se aufweisen, so dass Additive durch die Drehwelle und das Werkzeugblatt aus der DĂ¼se in das Mischgut geleitet werden können. Zu diesem Zweck kann die Drehwelle als Hohlwelle bzw. Hohllanze zur DurchfĂ¼hrung entsprechender Medien ausgebildet sein oder als Hohlwelle gestaltet sein und ein Rohr oder eine Leitung aufnehmen. Die DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive weist wenigstens eine Ă–ffnung auf, die mit der DurchfĂ¼hrung in dem Werkzeugblatt verbunden ist. Die DĂ¼sen können in Form von Bohrungen, Ă–ffnungen oder dergleichen in dem Werkzeugblatt ausgebildet sein.According to the invention, the rotary shaft and the tool blade can have at least one feedthrough for additives to the at least one nozzle, so that additives can be passed through the rotary shaft and the tool blade from the nozzle into the mixture. For this purpose, the rotary shaft can be designed as a hollow shaft or hollow lance for carrying out corresponding media or can be designed as a hollow shaft and accommodate a pipe or a line. The feedthrough for the additives has at least one opening which is connected to the feedthrough in the tool blade. The nozzles can be designed in the form of bores, openings or the like in the tool blade.
Das erfindungsgemĂ¤ĂŸe Werkzeug kann als Mischwerkzeug eingesetzt werden, um das Mischgut zu durchmischen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Werkzeug als Zerkleinerungswerkzeug verwendet werden, um das Mischgut zu zerkleinern und damit das Mischergebnis zu verbessern. Die Erfindung ermöglicht es, die Funktionen eines Mischers und eines Zerkleinerungswerkzeugs vorteilhaft in ein Werkzeug zu integrieren. So kann das Werkzeug in Ergänzung zu einer Mischwendel, aber auch als Alternative zu der Mischwendel verwendet werden.The tool according to the invention can be used as a mixing tool in order to mix the material to be mixed. Alternatively or additionally, the tool can be used as a comminution tool to comminute the mix and thus improve the mixing result. The invention makes it possible to advantageously integrate the functions of a mixer and a comminution tool into a tool. The tool can be used in addition to a mixing spiral, but also as an alternative to the mixing spiral.
Das Werkzeug ist drehbar gelagert, vorzugsweise in einem die Ă–ffnung des Behälters verschlieĂŸenden Deckel und durch einen geeigneten Antrieb, wie einen Elektromotor, rotatorisch angetrieben werden. Das Werkzeugblatt bzw. die Werkzeugblätter sind vorzugsweise an einem unteren, das heiĂŸt an dem in den Behälter hineinragenden Ende der Welle angeordnet.The tool is rotatably mounted, preferably in a lid that closes the opening of the container, and is rotatably driven by a suitable drive, such as an electric motor. The tool blade or the tool blades are preferably arranged on a lower end, that is to say on the end of the shaft which projects into the container.
In einer Draufsicht in Richtung der Rotationsachse kann das Werkzeugblatt eine das Blatt umlaufende AuĂŸenkontur aufweisen, die sich ähnlich einem FlĂ¼gel radial nach auĂŸen von der Welle erstreckt. Das Werkzeugblatt kann auĂŸerdem eine in eine erste Richtung der Rotationsachse gerichtete flächige Unterseite sowie eine in die entgegengesetzte Richtung gerichtete flächige Oberseite aufweisen. Die Seiten können durch eine Kante, z.B. an Stirn- und Heckseite, voneinander getrennt sein, wobei sich die Kante parallel zur Rotationsachse und/oder senkrecht zur Ober- bzw. Unterseite des Werkzeugblattes erstrecken kann. Die Kanten können aber auch schräg, z.B. als Schneidkanten, ausgebildet sein. In der Draufsicht weist das Werkzeugblatt einen Umfang auf, der sich entlang der Kante des Werkzeugblattes erstreckt.In a plan view in the direction of the axis of rotation, the tool blade can have an outer contour surrounding the blade, which, like a wing, extends radially outward from the shaft. The tool blade can also have a flat underside directed in a first direction of the axis of rotation and a flat top directed in the opposite direction. The sides can be separated by an edge, e.g. be separated from each other on the front and rear side, wherein the edge can extend parallel to the axis of rotation and / or perpendicular to the top or bottom of the tool blade. The edges can also be inclined, e.g. be designed as cutting edges. In plan view, the tool sheet has a perimeter that extends along the edge of the tool sheet.
GemĂ¤ĂŸ der Erfindung endet das Werkzeugblatt in der Draufsicht in radialer Richtung bzw. radial auĂŸen in einem stumpfen AuĂŸenabschnitt. Der AuĂŸenabschnitt kann so gestaltet sein, dass er die Heck- und die Stirnseite miteinander verbindet. Der AuĂŸenabschnitt sorgt fĂ¼r verbesserte Strömungsbedingungen, so dass besonders starke und stabile Wirbelkonfigurationen entstehen, die fĂ¼r eine zusätzliche Vermischung des Mischgutes sorgen. Im Bereich des stumpfen AuĂŸenabschnittes trifft das Mischgut nicht wie auf der Stirnseite frontal auf die Vorderkante des Werkzeugblattes, sondern der AuĂŸenbereich des Werkzeugblattes wird am Mischgut vorbeigezogen und zieht eine kreisförmige Spur durch das Mischgut.According to the invention, the tool blade ends in a plan view in the radial direction or radially outside in a blunt outer section. The outer section can be designed in such a way that it connects the rear and the front side to one another. The outer section ensures improved flow conditions so that particularly strong and stable vortex configurations are created, which ensure additional mixing of the mix. In the area of the blunt outer section, the mix does not hit the front edge of the tool blade, as on the front, but the outer area of the tool blade is drawn past the mix and draws a circular track through the mix.
Vorzugsweise weist das Werkzeugblatt mehrere DĂ¼sen auf, die derart angeordnet sind, dass zumindest eine Anzahl der DĂ¼sen einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zu der Rotationsachse der Drehwelle aufweist. So können mehrere DĂ¼sen entlang der umlaufenden Kante des Werkzeugblattes derart verteilt sein, dass zumindest eine Anzahl der DĂ¼sen einen unterschiedlichen Abstand zu der Rotationsachse der Drehwelle aufweist. Zum Einen nimmt mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Mittelachse die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit des Werkzeugblattes zu, so dass die Schlagwirkung auf das Mischgut mit höherer Geschwindigkeit erfolgen kann. Mit anderen Worten, das Mischgut trifft im AuĂŸenbereich des Werkzeugblattes mit deutlich höherer Geschwindigkeit auf die Stirnfläche, als in der Nähe der Mittel- bzw. Rotationsachse. Gleichzeitig ist auch die Beschleunigung der Additive innerhalb des Werkzeugblattes in der Nähe der Rotationsachse geringer als am AuĂŸenumfang des Werkzeugblattes. Somit wird der Druck, mit dem die FlĂ¼ssigkeit aus der DĂ¼se tritt, variiert.The tool blade preferably has a plurality of nozzles which are arranged such that at least a number of the nozzles are at a different distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft. Thus, several nozzles can be distributed along the circumferential edge of the tool blade in such a way that at least a number of the nozzles are at a different distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft. On the one hand, the peripheral speed of the tool blade increases with increasing distance from the central axis, so that the impact on the mix can take place at a higher speed. In other words, the material to be mixed hits the end face in the outer area of the tool blade at a significantly higher speed than in the vicinity of the center or rotation axis. At the same time, the acceleration of the additives inside the tool blade in the vicinity of the axis of rotation is less than on the outer circumference of the tool blade. Thus, the pressure at which the liquid emerges from the nozzle is varied.
Wird das Werkzeug als Zerhacker eingesetzt, indem es bei hoher Drehzahl gefahren wird, bewirkt die Zentrifugalkraft, dass das Additiv im Werkzeugblatt nach auĂŸen geschleudert wird, wodurch es eine hohe Beschleunigung erfährt und dadurch mit hohem Druck aus den DĂ¼sen austreten kann.If the tool is used as a chopper by running it at high speed, the centrifugal force causes the additive in the tool blade to be thrown outwards, causing it to accelerate and thus to exit the nozzles at high pressure.
Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass das Werkzeugblatt zumindest an der Stirnseite und insbesondere an der Heckseite eine Anzahl von DĂ¼sen aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist auch der stumpfe AuĂŸenabschnitt zumindest eine DĂ¼se auf. Die DĂ¼sen sind in Umfangsrichtung des Werkzeugblattes entlang der das Werkzeugblatt umgebenden Kante verteilt. Indem das Additiv an der Stirn- und an der Heckseite in das Mischgut eingebracht wird, kommt es zu besonders vorteilhaften Effekten in diesen Bereichen. An der Stirnseite tritt das SchĂ¼tt- und/oder Mischgut mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Vorderkante des Werkzeugblattes und auf die DĂ¼sen. Bei entsprechender Rotationsgeschwindigkeit zerplatzt das Mischgut und fächert den austretenden Additivstrom weiter auf, so dass die Verteilung der Additive verbessert wird. An der Heckseite bilden sich Verwirbelungen des SchĂ¼tt- und/oder Mischgutes, die sich mit dem nahezu ungestört austretenden Additivstrom vermischen.The invention provides that the tool blade has a number of nozzles at least on the front side and in particular on the rear side. The blunt outer section preferably also has at least one nozzle. The nozzles are distributed in the circumferential direction of the tool sheet along the edge surrounding the tool sheet. By introducing the additive into the mix at the front and at the rear, there are particularly advantageous effects in these areas. At the front, the bulk and / or mixed material enters the front edge of the tool blade and the nozzles at high speed. At the appropriate rotation speed, the mix bursts and further fans out the emerging additive flow, so that the distribution of the additives is improved. At the rear, swirls of the bulk and / or mixed material form, which mix with the almost undisturbed additive flow.
Um die Geschwindigkeitsdifferenzen zwischen der Stirnseite und der Heckseite zu erhöhen, sieht eine weitere AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung vor, dass sich das Werkzeug in einer ersten Richtung bzw. entlang einer ersten Achse senkrecht zur Drehachse radial nach auĂŸen erstreckt und dass mit zunehmendem Abstand in der ersten Richtung von der Rotationsachse der radiale Abstand zwischen der Stirnseite und der Rotationsachse grĂ¶ĂŸer ist als der radiale Abstand zwischen der Heckseite und der Rotationsachse. Dabei kann jeweils ein Bezugspunkt auf der Achse in der ersten Richtung gewählt werden, auf den der jeweilige Punkt der Stirnseite bzw. der Heckseite in der Draufsicht senkrecht projiziert wird.In order to increase the speed differences between the front side and the rear side, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the tool is perpendicular in a first direction or along a first axis extends radially outward to the axis of rotation and that with increasing distance in the first direction from the axis of rotation, the radial distance between the end face and the axis of rotation is greater than the radial distance between the rear side and the axis of rotation. In this case, a reference point on the axis in the first direction can be selected, onto which the respective point of the front side or the rear side is projected vertically in the plan view.
Vorzugsweise weist das Werkzeug zwei in der Ebene senkrecht zur Rotationsachse gegenĂ¼berliegende Werkzeugblätter auf. Diese sind dann vorzugsweise in einem Werkzeugelement zusammengefasst oder bilden ein Werkzeugelement. Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn die beiden Werkzeugblätter zumindest teilweise integral miteinander verbunden sind. Zu diesem Zweck kann das Werkzeugelement zumindest ein Bauteil aufweisen, das einen Abschnitt des ersten Werkzeugblattes und einen Abschnitt des zweiten Werkzeugblattes ausbildet. Zum Beispiel kann das Werkzeugelement ein flächiges Oberseitenbauteil und ein flächiges Unterseitenbauteil aufweisen, wobei das Oberseitenbauteil und das Unterseitenbauteil jeweils einen Abschnitt des ersten und des zweiten Werkzeugblattes ausbilden. Nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform sind wenigstens zwei Werkzeugblätter in einem Werkzeugelement zusammengefasst und einstĂ¼ckig ausgebildet. Zu diesem Zweck kann das Werkzeugelement ein Oberseitenbauteil und ein Unterseitenbauteil aufweisen, die durch eine umlaufende Kante miteinander verbunden sind. Vom Erfindungsgedanken umfasst sind auch Werkzeugelemente mit mehr als zwei Werkzeugblättern, so zum Beispiels drei Werkzeugblätter, die in konstanten Winkelabständen um die Drehwelle herum verteilt sind.The tool preferably has two tool blades lying opposite one another in the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. These are then preferably combined in a tool element or form a tool element. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the two tool blades are at least partially integrally connected to one another. For this purpose, the tool element can have at least one component that forms a section of the first tool sheet and a section of the second tool sheet. For example, the tool element can have a flat top component and a flat bottom component, wherein the top component and the bottom component each form a section of the first and the second tool blade. According to a further embodiment, at least two tool blades are combined in one tool element and formed in one piece. For this purpose, the tool element can have an upper side component and a lower side component, which are connected to one another by a peripheral edge. The concept of the invention also includes tool elements with more than two tool blades, for example three tool blades that are distributed around the rotary shaft at constant angular intervals.
Um die Verwirbelungen zu verstärken, können die nach auĂŸen gewölbten Stirnseiten eines ersten Werkzeugblatts und eines zweiten Werkzeugblatts in Bezug auf die Rotationsachse diametral gegenĂ¼berliegen. Das Gleiche gilt fĂ¼r die nach innen gewölbten Heckseitenabschnitte. Das bedeutet, dass das Werkzeugelement so geformt ist, dass die AuĂŸenkontur des ersten Werkzeugblattblattes im Wesentlichen einer Punktspiegelung des zweiten Werkzeugblattes durch die Rotationsachse entspricht.In order to increase the turbulence, the outwardly curved end faces of a first tool blade and a second tool blade can be diametrically opposite with respect to the axis of rotation. The same applies to the after arched rear side sections. This means that the tool element is shaped such that the outer contour of the first tool sheet essentially corresponds to a point reflection of the second tool sheet by the axis of rotation.
Um effiziente Verwirbelungen und turbulente Strömungen in einer Richtung entlang der Rotationsachse der Drehwelle zu erzielen, sieht eine weitere AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung vor, dass an der Drehwelle in Richtung der Rotationsachse mehrere Werkzeugelemente oder Werkzeugblätter hintereinander angeordnet, vorzugsweise gleichmĂ¤ĂŸig verteilt, vorgesehen sind.In order to achieve efficient eddies and turbulent flows in one direction along the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft, a further embodiment of the invention provides that several tool elements or tool blades are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the axis of rotation, preferably evenly distributed.
In WeiterfĂ¼hrung dieses Erfindungsgedankens sind in Richtung der Rotationsachse nebeneinander liegende bzw. unmittelbar benachbarte Werkzeugelemente oder Werkzeugblätter winkelversetzt angeordnet, was den Verwirbelungseffekt in vertikaler Richtung verstärkt. Durch die winkelversetzte Anordnung wird sichergestellt, dass beispielsweise die auf der Leeseite erzeugten Verwirbelungen durch die Verwirbelungen des in Rotationsrichtung nachfolgenden benachbarten Rotationsblatts in vertikaler Richtung nach oben getragen werden.In continuation of this inventive concept, tool elements or tool blades that are adjacent or immediately adjacent to one another in the direction of the axis of rotation are arranged at an angular offset, which reinforces the swirling effect in the vertical direction. The angularly offset arrangement ensures that, for example, the swirls generated on the leeward side are carried upwards in the vertical direction by the swirls of the adjacent rotary blade following in the direction of rotation.
Nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung sind das flächige Oberseitenbauteil und das flächige Unterseitenbauteil beabstandet voneinander und vorzugsweise parallel zueinander angeordnet und durch eine flächige AuĂŸenkontur, z.B. der Stirn- und Heckseite, bzw. der umlaufenden Kante, miteinander verbunden, so dass sich zwischen der Oberseite und der Unterseite bzw. dem Oberseitenbauteil und dem Unterseitenbauteil ein Hohlraum ausbildet. In der AuĂŸenkontur können mehrere DĂ¼sen vorgesehen sein. Ferner kann die DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive in der Hohlwelle mit dem Hohlraum in Verbindung stehen, so dass in die Drehwelle eingeleitete Additive durch die DĂ¼sen ausgestoĂŸen werden können. Der Hohlraum dient dann als DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive. Es erweist sich als vorteilhaft, wenn, wie oben beschrieben, das Oberseitenbauteil und das Unterseitenbauteil jeweils Bestandteil zweier gegenĂ¼berliegender Werkzeugblätter sind. Dadurch lassen sich Produktionskosten einsparen und die Montage ist erheblich vereinfacht.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the flat top component and the flat bottom component are spaced apart from one another and preferably parallel to one another and are connected to one another by a flat outer contour, for example the front and rear side or the peripheral edge, so that there is between the top and the bottom or the top component and the bottom component forms a cavity. Several nozzles can be provided in the outer contour. Furthermore, the feedthrough for the additives in the hollow shaft can be connected to the cavity, so that additives introduced into the rotary shaft can be ejected through the nozzles. The cavity then serves as a feedthrough for the additives. It proves to be advantageous if, as described above, the top component and the underside component are each part of two opposing tool blades. This saves production costs and assembly is considerably simplified.
Nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform umfasst das Werkzeug eine vorzugsweise in der Drehwelle angeordnete Temperiervorrichtung zum Temperieren, also zum KĂ¼hlen und/oder Erwärmen, der Additive. Die Temperiervorrichtung kann einen Zufluss und einen Abfluss fĂ¼r ein Temperierungsmittel z.B. eine TemperierflĂ¼ssigkeit wie KĂ¼hlwasser aufweisen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, die Temperiervorrichtung in einen Temperaturregelkreislauf einzubinden, indem man den Zufluss und den Abfluss mit einem Wärmetauscher oder dergleichen verbindet.According to a further embodiment, the tool comprises a temperature control device, preferably arranged in the rotary shaft, for temperature control, that is to say for cooling and / or heating, the additives. The temperature control device can have an inflow and an outflow for a temperature control agent, e.g. have a bath liquid such as cooling water. For example, it is possible to integrate the temperature control device into a temperature control circuit by connecting the inflow and the outflow to a heat exchanger or the like.
Nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Werkzeug wenigstens zwei in der hohlen Drehwelle vorgesehene DurchfĂ¼hrungen und/oder Leitungen, wie Rohre oder dergleichen, die sich in axialer Richtung der Drehwelle, vorzugsweise parallel zur DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive erstrecken und miteinander derart verbunden sind, dass eine TemperierflĂ¼ssigkeit nach Art eines Kreislaufs durch die Leitungen gepumpt werden kann.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the tool comprises at least two bushings and / or lines, such as pipes or the like, provided in the hollow rotating shaft, which extend in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, preferably parallel to the bushing for the additives, and are connected to one another in such a way that a bath fluid can be pumped through the lines in the manner of a circuit.
Nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Temperiervorrichtung eine DurchfĂ¼hrung zum DurchfĂ¼hren oder Durchleiten von Temperierungsmittel aufweist, wobei die DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive zumindest teilweise in der DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Temperierungsmittel angeordnet ist. Eine effiziente Temperierung wird insbesondere dann erzielt, wenn die hohle Drehwelle als Rohr, insbesondere fĂ¼r den Zufluss des Temperierungsmittels, ausgebildet ist, so dass z.B. das zuflieĂŸende Temperierungsmittel im Zwischenraum zwischen der DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive und der hohlen Drehwelle flieĂŸt. Zum AbfĂ¼hren des Temperierungsmittel können ein oder mehrere sich parallel zur DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive erstreckende Leitungen oder Rohre vorgesehen sein, die im unteren Bereich der Drehwelle mit dem Zwischenraum zwischen der DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive und der Drehwelle, also dem Zufluss, in Verbindung stehen und einen umlaufenden Kanal bilden.According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the temperature control device has a feedthrough for carrying out or passing through temperature control agents, the feedthrough for the additives being at least partially arranged in the feedthrough for the temperature control agents. Efficient temperature control is achieved in particular if the hollow rotary shaft is designed as a tube, in particular for the inflow of the temperature control medium, so that, for example, the temperature control medium flowing in flows in the space between the feedthrough for the additives and the hollow rotary shaft. One or more lines or pipes extending parallel to the feedthrough for the additives can be provided to discharge the temperature control means, which in the lower area of the rotary shaft are connected to the space between the feedthrough for the additives and the rotary shaft, that is to say the inflow, and form a circumferential channel.
Auf der dem Werkzeugblatt oder den Werkzeugblättern abgewandten Seite der Drehwelle können die DurchfĂ¼hrungen entsprechende AnschlĂ¼sse zum Zu- und AbfĂ¼hren fĂ¼r die Temperierungsmittel aufweisen. An die AnschlĂ¼sse kann ein Wärmetauscher oder dergleichen angeschlossen werden, um den TemperaturRegelkreis zu schlieĂŸen. Im unteren Bereich der Drehwelle stehen der Zufluss und der Abfluss miteinander in Verbindung. Die AnschlĂ¼sse können z.B. in Form von radialen DreheinfĂ¼hrungen vorgesehen sein, die die ZufĂ¼hrung von FlĂ¼ssigkeiten in rotierende Zuleitungen ermöglichen. Zum AnschlieĂŸen der DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive eignen sich axiale DreheinfĂ¼hrungen, die an das obere Ende der Drehwelle angeschlossen werden. Geeignete DreheinfĂ¼hrung sind beispielsweise DreheinfĂ¼hrungen der DEUBLIN GmbH aus Hofheim-Wallau, Deutschland.On the side of the rotary shaft facing away from the tool sheet or the tool sheets, the bushings can have corresponding connections for supplying and removing for the temperature control means. A heat exchanger or the like can be connected to the connections in order to close the temperature control circuit. The inflow and outflow are connected to each other in the lower area of the rotating shaft. The connections can e.g. be provided in the form of radial rotary inlets, which allow the supply of liquids in rotating supply lines. To connect the feedthrough for the additives, there are axial rotary inlets that are connected to the upper end of the rotary shaft. Suitable rotating introductions include DEUBLIN GmbH from Hofheim-Wallau, Germany.
Um Leitungen oder Rohre fĂ¼r den Zu- oder Abfluss optimal zu platzieren und Bewegungen innerhalb der Drehwelle zu unterbinden, können Abstandshalter zwischen den Leitungen und einer Innenwand der Drehwelle und/oder zwischen den Leitungen und der AuĂŸenwand der DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise ist die DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r die Additive zentral in der hohlen Drehwelle angeordnet, so dass die Rotationsachse der DurchfĂ¼hrung mit der Rotationsachse der Drehwelle zusammenfällt.In order to optimally place lines or pipes for the inflow or outflow and to prevent movements within the rotary shaft, spacers can be provided between the lines and an inner wall of the rotary shaft and / or between the lines and the outer wall of the feedthrough for the additives. The feedthrough for the additives is preferably arranged centrally in the hollow rotary shaft, so that the axis of rotation of the feedthrough coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotary shaft.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird ferner durch eine Mischvorrichtung zum Mischen von Mischgut gelöst, die ein Werkzeug mit den hierin beschriebenen Merkmalen umfasst. Eine derartige Mischvorrichtung kann insbesondere einen vorzugsweise drehbar um eine Hochachse gelagerten Behälter zur Aufnahme des Mischguts vorweisen. Als besonders vorteilhaft erweist es sich, wenn das Werkzeug in einem eine Behälteröffnung abdeckbaren Deckel drehend gelagert ist, so dass das Werkzeug zusammen mit dem Deckel von dem Behälter entfernt werden kann und wobei das Werkzeug in den Behälter eingefĂ¼hrt werden kann, wenn der Deckel auf den Behälter aufgesetzt bzw. Ă¼ber dessen Ă–ffnung positioniert wird (sogenannte Mischerglocke). Die Mischvorrichtung kann ferner ein Mischwerkzeug, wie bspw. eine Mischwendel oder dergleichen, vorweisen, wobei das Mischwerkzeug das Mischgut durch Rotation im Wesentlichen entlang einer Behälterwand des Behälters nach oben transportiert und durchmischt. Das Werkzeug bzw. dessen Welle kann grundsätzlich die oben beschriebenen AnschlĂ¼sse zum AnschlieĂŸen einer Quelle fĂ¼r Additive, wie Gase, FlĂ¼ssigkeiten oder Feststoffen vorweisen. Diese können mittels einer Pumpe oder einer anderen geeigneten Vorrichtung zum Einbringen der Additive in die Hohlwelle eingefĂ¼hrt werden.The object on which the invention is based is further achieved by a mixing device for mixing material to be mixed, which comprises a tool with the features described herein. Such a mixing device can in particular have a container, preferably rotatably mounted about a vertical axis, for receiving the mixed material. It proves to be particularly advantageous when the tool is rotatably mounted in a cover which can be covered by a container opening, so that the tool can be removed from the container together with the cover and the tool can be inserted into the container when the cover is placed on or over the container the opening of which is positioned (so-called mixer bell). The mixing device can also have a mixing tool, such as a mixing helix or the like, the mixing tool transporting and mixing the material to be mixed upward essentially along a container wall of the container. The tool or its shaft can basically have the connections described above for connecting a source for additives such as gases, liquids or solids. These can be introduced into the hollow shaft by means of a pump or another suitable device for introducing the additives.
Weiterbildungen, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von AusfĂ¼hrungsbeispielen und den Zeichnungen. Dabei bilden alle beschriebenen und/oder bildlich dargestellten Merkmale fĂ¼r sich oder in beliebiger Kombination den Gegenstand der Erfindung, auch unabhängig von ihrer Zusammenfassung in den AnsprĂ¼chen oder deren RĂ¼ckbezĂ¼gen.Further developments, advantages and possible uses of the invention also result from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the drawings. All of the described and / or illustrated features, alone or in any combination, form the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their references.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in einer Draufsicht in einer Blickrichtung entlang einer Rotationsachse ein Werkzeug nach einer ersten AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- das Werkzeug aus
Fig. 1 mit schematisch dargestellten Strömungsverhältnissen; - Fig. 3
- ein Werkzeug gemĂ¤ĂŸ einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht; und
- Fig. 4
- in einer Schnittansicht ein Werkzeug nach einer weiteren AusfĂ¼hrungsform der Erfindung;
- Fig. 5
- in einer Schnittansicht einen oberen Abschnitts des Werkzeugs aus
Figur 4 ; - Fig. 6
- in einer Schnittansicht einen unteren Abschnitts des Werkzeugs aus
Figur 4 ; - Fig. 7
- in einer Schnittansicht einen oberen Abschnitts des Werkzeugs aus
Figur 4 ; und - Fig. 8
- in einer Draufsicht den unteren Abschnitt des Werkzeugs aus
Figur 4 .
- Fig. 1
- In a plan view in a viewing direction along an axis of rotation, a tool according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 2
- the tool out
Fig. 1 with schematically represented flow conditions; - Fig. 3
- a tool according to a further embodiment of the invention in a perspective view; and
- Fig. 4
- in a sectional view a tool according to a further embodiment of the invention;
- Fig. 5
- in a sectional view of an upper portion of the tool
Figure 4 ; - Fig. 6
- in a sectional view of a lower portion of the tool
Figure 4 ; - Fig. 7
- in a sectional view of an upper portion of the tool
Figure 4 ; and - Fig. 8
- in a plan view the lower section of the tool
Figure 4 ,
Die Darstellung in der
Das Werkzeug 1 umfasst ein an der Welle 3 befestigtes Werkzeugelement 6 mit zwei sich gegenĂ¼berliegenden Werkzeugblättern 7 und 8. Das erste Werkzeugblatt 7 erstreckt sich ausgehend von der Rotationsachse 2 radial nach auĂŸen in einer ersten Richtung entlang der in der
Wie die in der
Die Stirnseite 9 ist so geformt, dass sie in der dargestellten Draufsicht eine nach auĂŸen gewölbte Kontur aufweist. Das bedeutet, sie ist konvex geformt. Dagegen ist die Heckseite 10 so geformt, dass sie eine nach innen gewölbte Kontur aufweist, also konkav geformt ist.The
Die Stirnseite 9 und die Heckseite 10 sind jeweils durch einen stumpfen AuĂŸenabschnitt 11 miteinander verbunden. Das Werkzeugblatt 7 bzw. 8 endet jeweils in diesem stumpfen AuĂŸenabschnitt 11, so dass das Werkzeugblatt 7, 8 die Form eines abgestumpften FlĂ¼gels aufweist.The
Die Stirnseiten 9 der Werkzeugblätter 7 und 8 stehen sich bezogen auf die Rotationsachse 2 diametral gegenĂ¼ber. Das Gleiche trifft auf die Heckseiten 10 der Werkzeugblätter 7 und 8 zu. Tatsächlich ist die AuĂŸenkontur des Werkzeugelements 6 derart, dass die AuĂŸenkontur des zweiten Werkzeugblattes 8 durch eine Punktspiegelung der AuĂŸenkontur des ersten Werkzeugblattes 7 durch die Rotationsachse 2 gebildet wird.The end faces 9 of the
Eingezeichnet ist ein Bezugspunkt 12 auf der X-Achse. Eingezeichnet ist auch eine durch diesen Bezugspunkt 12 parallel zur Y-Achse verlaufende Bezugslinie (Strich-Punkt-Linie). Mit zunehmendem Abstand dieser Bezugslinie von der Rotationsachse 2 entlang der X-Achse, liegt ein diese Bezugslinie schneidender Punkt auf der Stirnseite 9 radial weiter entfernt von der Drehachse 2 als ein die Bezugslinie schneidender Punkt auf der Heckseite 10. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist daher der radiale Abstand 13 der Stirnseite 9 grĂ¶ĂŸer als der radiale Abstand 14 der Heckseite 10.A
Die
Die gewölbten Formen der Stirn- und Heckseiten 9, 10 erzeugen Bereiche, entlang derer das Mischgut mit unterschiedlichen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten strömt. Da die Stirnseite 9 radial nach auĂŸen hin relativ flach und langgezogen ist, ergeben sich hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten an der Stirnseite 9, kombiniert mit einer laminaren Strömung. An der Heckseite 10 ergibt sich dagegen ein sehr turbulentes Strömungsbild mit Wirbelbildungen im Mischgut. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit hier ist im Vergleich zur Stirnseite vergleichsweise niedrig. Die unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten resultieren daraus, dass die nach auĂŸen gewölbte längere Wegstrecke an der Stirnseite 9 von dem das rotierende Werkzeugblatt umgebende Medium in der gleichen Zeit zurĂ¼ckgelegt werden muss, wie an den nach innen gewölbten heckseitigen Abschnitten 10 des Werkzeugblattes, wo die nach innen gewölbten Kanten Verwirbelungen verursachen. Durch die unterschiedlichen Geschwindigkeiten entstehen Strömungsabrisse, die zu turbulenten Strömungen fĂ¼hren. Der Wechsel von laminaren zu turbulenten Strömungen, die inneren Reibungen zwischen diesen Mehrphasenströmungen und insbesondere der Druckunterschied zwischen der Luv- und der Leeseite zwischen den beiden Gebieten bewirken eine zusätzliche Durchmischung und ein gleichmĂ¤ĂŸiges Verteilen des Mischguts.The curved shapes of the front and
Wie in der Figur eingezeichnet ist, entstehen in Bereichen entlang der Stirnseiten 9 die laminaren Strömungen 15 mit hoher Geschwindigkeit. Im Bereich der Heckseiten 10 entsteht aufgrund der niedrigeren Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten ein turbulentes Strömungsbild mit Wirbelbildungen 16. Diese Strömungen bewirken eine hohe Durchmischung des Mischgutes.As shown in the figure, the laminar flows 15 occur in areas along the end faces 9 at high speed. In the area of the
Die in der
Das oberste Werkzeugelement 17 ist in Bezug auf die Rotationsachse 2 parallel zum unteren Werkzeugelement 19 ausgerichtet. Dagegen ist das mittlere Werkzeugelement 18 in Bezug auf das obere Werkzeugelement 17 und das untere Werkzeugelement 19 winkelversetzt angeordnet. Dadurch entstehen auch in vertikaler Richtung, d.h. in Richtung der Rotationsachse 2, zwischen den Werkzeugelementen 17, 18 und 19 jeweils turbulente Strömungen 16, die auch fĂ¼r eine Durchmischung in vertikaler Richtung sorgen.The
Beispielhaft sei am obersten Werkzeugelement 17 der Aufbau der Werkzeugelemente 17, 18, 19 bzw. der Werkzeugblätter erläutert. Das oberste Werkzeugelement 17 umfasst ein flächiges Oberseitenbauteil 17c und ein gleichermaĂŸen geformtes Unterseitenbauteil 17d, die parallel zueinander in einem Abstand angeordnet sind und durch die umlaufende Kante, die unter anderem die Stirn- und Heckseiten 9, 10 ausbildet, miteinander verbunden, so dass sich im Inneren des Werkzeugblattes 17a, 17b bzw. des Werkzeugelements 17 ein Hohlraum ausbildet. Die Werkzeugblätter 17a und 17b teilen sich ein gemeinsames Oberseitenbauteil 17c und ein gemeinsames Unterseitenbauteil 17d, so dass die Werkzeugblätter 17a und 17b teilweise integral ausgebildet sind.The structure of the
An den Stirnseiten 9 und an den Heckseiten 10, wie auch jeweils am stumpfen AuĂŸenabschnitt 11 der Werkzeugblätter 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b sind mehrere DĂ¼sen 20 zum Einbringen von Additiven in das Mischgut ausgebildet. Die DĂ¼sen 20 stehen mit dem Hohlraum des jeweiligen Werkzeugblattes in Verbindung, wobei der Hohlraum auch mit einer DurchfĂ¼hrung in der Welle 3 in Verbindung steht. Durch die DurchfĂ¼hrung und den Hohlraum können Additive, wie bspw. Gase, FlĂ¼ssigkeiten oder Feststoffe oder Kombinationen davon durch die DĂ¼sen 20 geleitet und so in das Mischgut eingebracht werden.On the end faces 9 and on the
Durch die Rotation des Werkzeugs 1 entstehen durch die Werkzeugelemente 17, 18 und 19 turbulente Strömungsverhältnisse 16, die auch zu inneren Reibungen zwischen diesen Mehrphasenströmungen fĂ¼hren. Es entstehen Druckschwankungen zwischen den Gebieten laminarer Strömung und turbulenter Strömung, die eine zusätzliche Durchmischung bewirken. Infolge dessen werden Additive gleichmĂ¤ĂŸig verteilt. Das Einbringen von Additiven sorgt auch fĂ¼r eine Auflockerung des Mischgutes und unterstĂ¼tzt die Vermischung positiv.The rotation of the
Die
Im Innenabschnitt 4 der Drehwelle 3 sind ferner zwei Leitungen 23 (
Die
In der
Wie die
Die
In der
- 11
- WerkzeugTool
- 22
- Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
- 33
- Drehwellerotary shaft
- 44
- Innenabschnittinner portion
- 55
- Drehrichtungdirection of rotation
- 66
- Werkzeugelementtool element
- 77
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 88th
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 99
- Stirnseitefront
- 1010
- Heckseiterear side
- 1111
- stumpfer AuĂŸenabschnittblunt outer section
- 1212
- Bezugspunktreference point
- 1313
- radialer Abstandradial distance
- 1414
- radialer Abstandradial distance
- 1515
- laminare Strömunglaminar flow
- 1616
- turbulente Strömungturbulent flow
- 1717
- Werkzeugelementtool element
- 17a17a
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 17b17b
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 17c17c
- OberseitenbauteilTop part
- 17d17d
- UnterseitenbauteilUnderside members
- 1818
- Werkzeugelementtool element
- 18a18a
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 18b18b
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 1919
- Werkzeugelementtool element
- 19a19a
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 19b19b
- Werkzeugblatttool blade
- 2020
- DĂ¼sejet
- 2121
- DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r AdditivImplementation for additive
- 2222
- DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r Temperaturregelwasser (Zufluss)Execution for temperature control water (inflow)
- 2323
- DurchfĂ¼hrung fĂ¼r Temperaturregelwasser (Abfluss)Execution for temperature control water (drain)
- 2424
- Halterungbracket
- 2525
- rotatorischer Antriebrotary drive
- 2626
- ZufĂ¼hrungenadditions
- 2727
- Ă–ffnungenopenings
- 2828
- Abstandshalterspacer
- 2929
- Abflussoutflow
- 3030
- axiale DreheinfĂ¼hrungaxial rotary entry
- 3131
- Umlaufkanalcirculation channel
Claims (15)
- Tool (1) for a mixing device with a container for receiving material to be mixed, in which the tool (1) rotates in a first direction of rotation (5) around a rotational axis (2) to crush and/or mix the material to be mixed, wherein the tool (1) has a rotary shaft (3) with at least one tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) radially extending outwardly from the rotary shaft (3), wherein the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) forms an end face (9) in a first direction of rotation (5) and a rear side (10) in a direction opposing the first direction of rotation (5);
wherein the end face (9) has an outwardly curved contour on a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis (2) and the rear side (10) has an inwardly curved contour on a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis (2); wherein
the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) has at least one nozzle (20) for supplying gases, liquids and/or solids, and the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) ends in a radial direction in a blunt outer section (11), characterized in that the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) has a plurality of nozzles (20) at least on the end face (9). - Tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of nozzles (20) on the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) are distributed in such a way that at least a number of nozzles (20) have a different distance to the rotational axis (2) of the rotary shaft (3) .
- Tool according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) has a plurality of nozzles (20) on the rear side (10).
- Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blunt outer section (11) has at least one nozzle (20).
- Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) radially extends outwardly in a first direction, and that the radial distance (13) between the end face (9) and the rotational axis (2) is greater than the radial distance (14) between the rear side (10) and the rotational axis (2) as the distance increases away from the rotational axis (2) in the first direction.
- Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least two opposing tool blades (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) on a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis (2).
- Tool according to Claim 6, characterized in that the tool blades (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) are at least partially connected to each other as a single piece.
- Tool according to Claim 7, characterized in that opposing tool blades have a common surface component (17c) and a common underside component (17d) arranged at a distance from each other, thereby forming a cavity in between.
- Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of tool blades (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) are arranged one after another on the rotary shaft (3) in the direction of the rotational axis (2).
- Tool according to Claim 9, characterized in that, in the direction of the rotational axis (2), adjacent tool blades (17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) are arranged in an angularly offset manner.
- Tool according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotary shaft (3) and the at least one tool blade (7, 8, 17a, 17b, 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b) has a feed-through for the gases, liquids and/or solids.
- Tool according to Claim 11, characterized by a temperature-control device preferably arranged in the rotary shaft (3) for controlling the temperature of the gases, liquids and/or solids.
- Tool according to Claim 12, characterized in that the temperature-control device has a feed-through (22) for temperature-control means, wherein the feed-through (21) for the gases, liquids and/or solids is at least partially arranged in the feed-through (22) for temperature-control means.
- Mixing device for mixing mixed material with a tool (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
- Use of a tool as a chopper according to any one of the Claims 1 to 14.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016100147.3A DE102016100147A1 (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-01-05 | Tool for a mixing device and mixing device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3192582A1 EP3192582A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
EP3192582B1 true EP3192582B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
Family
ID=57614186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16205611.3A Active EP3192582B1 (en) | 2016-01-05 | 2016-12-21 | Tool for a mixing device, mixing device comprising the tool and use of the tool |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3192582B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016100147A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2113960C3 (en) * | 1970-11-24 | 1981-06-19 | Draiswerke Gmbh, 6800 Mannheim | Device for continuous mixing of solids with liquids |
NL157510B (en) | 1973-06-15 | 1978-08-15 | Nautamix Patent Ag | MIXER. |
DE4104621A1 (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1992-08-20 | Abs Pumpen Ag | Propeller for stirring, mixing or pumping fluids - comprises blades fitted with pipes via which gas or powder can be mixed with fluid being agitated |
JPH0538423A (en) * | 1991-06-26 | 1993-02-19 | Shoshu Kin | Gas dissolution device |
DE9412503U1 (en) * | 1994-08-03 | 1994-11-24 | Wrobel Jan | Device for gassing and stirring liquids |
DE19723325C1 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 1999-01-28 | Alhard Ruberg | Batch mixer |
DE19857775A1 (en) * | 1998-12-04 | 2000-06-08 | Ver Energiewerke Ag | Enclosed paddle mixer has sparge arms used for both bulk solids drying and hydration operations |
US7997788B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2011-08-16 | Midan Industries Ltd. | Submersible mixing propeller |
-
2016
- 2016-01-05 DE DE102016100147.3A patent/DE102016100147A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-21 EP EP16205611.3A patent/EP3192582B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3192582A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
DE102016100147A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
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