EP3191646A1 - Fondation pour constructions en mer et procédés de fabrication, de réglage et de démantèlement d'une telle fondation - Google Patents
Fondation pour constructions en mer et procédés de fabrication, de réglage et de démantèlement d'une telle fondationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3191646A1 EP3191646A1 EP15766913.6A EP15766913A EP3191646A1 EP 3191646 A1 EP3191646 A1 EP 3191646A1 EP 15766913 A EP15766913 A EP 15766913A EP 3191646 A1 EP3191646 A1 EP 3191646A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wall
- bag
- supporting structure
- cavity
- end edge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
- E02B17/025—Reinforced concrete structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
- E02D27/425—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys specially adapted for wind motors masts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
- E02B2017/0043—Placing the offshore structure on a pre-installed foundation structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
- E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
- E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to foundations supporting offshore constructions such as wind turbines, oil or gas platforms or any other type of application at sea, and the manufacturing processes, adjustment and dismantling of such foundations. More particularly, the invention relates to the fields of offshore foundations for an offshore construction comprising a bearing structure extending in a direction of elevation between a lower portion, and an upper portion adapted to support the construction at sea, and a support structure, having a lower portion adapted to bear or be secured to a seabed and an opposite upper portion.
- Foundations at sea are known for offshore constructions, such as offshore wind turbines, the lower portion of the supporting structure being embedded in a support structure and held therein by means of integral wedging means. of the base or independent.
- document FR 2 948 153 describes such bearing structures whose lower portion is held in a support structure by independent wedges, cast in situ and occupying all the space between the support structure and the lower portion.
- one of the lower portion of the supporting structure and the upper portion of the support structure comprises at least one cavity having an inner wall adapted to be interlocked with clearance with the other of said lower portion.
- of the supporting structure and the upper portion of the support structure, and and an offshore foundation in question is characterized in that it further comprises at least one bag arranged between the inner wall of the cavity and the other of said lower portion of the supporting structure and said upper portion of the support structure and adapted to fill with a dense fluid so as to take the moments of force applied to the supporting structure relative to the horizontal, said at least one bag comprising a flexible envelope having a flexible bottom and flexible peripheral walls.
- such a foundation allows a reliable adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure (less than 0.5 °) relative to the support structure with which said supporting structure is nested; regardless of the support structure in which said supporting structure is nested and regardless of the alignment or horizontality of the seabed soil on which the support structure is intended to be posed or anchored; while minimizing the costs of setting up such a load-bearing structure.
- the foundation is more resistant to fatigue.
- the presence of the at least one bag in the foundation makes it possible to maintain a solid and reliable mechanical connection in time between the supporting structure and the support structure; The bags to take the moments of strength relative to the horizontal exercised on the foundation.
- the supporting structure comprises at least one pole having a body extending in the direction of elevation between a foot, forming the lower portion of the supporting structure, and a head forming the upper portion adapted to support the offshore construction;
- the support structure comprises at least one base having a lower surface forming the lower portion of the support structure adapted to bear or be secured to the seabed and an upper surface forming the upper portion, said upper surface comprising the less a cavity;
- the at least one bag may be a plurality of bags, at least two bags having adjacent flexible peripheral walls; whereby the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure is more accurate and by virtue of which the strength and reliability of the mechanical connection between the supporting structure and the support structure are improved;
- the at least one bag is adapted to alternately fill or empty at least in part of the dense fluid that it contains; thanks to which, the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure can be improved and / or corrected in time, in particular in the event of differential settlement of the soil of the seabed causing a change of orientation of the support structure and therefore a change of inclination of the supporting structure, or in case of deviation of the inclination of the supporting structure due to the presence of particularly large forces exerted with respect to the head of each of the columns of the supporting structure;
- the at least one base is a gravity base, for example floating, comprising a plurality of ballast compartments adapted to be filled by weighting means such as water;
- a floating gravity base is easy, and therefore more profitable, to put in place. Indeed, the materials used for the construction of a gravity base are relatively common and the establishment of a floating gravity base requires monopolizing a small number of installation vessels, such as tugs, compared to any other type of base (such as single-pile);
- the at least one base is a plurality of bases and the at least one post is a plurality of posts, each of said bases comprising a single cavity adapted to be nested with clearance with the foot of one of the columns of the supporting structure;
- the offshore foundation can be tripod type or jacket and the supporting structure have three or four poles. The presence of a plurality of bases, more numerous but smaller than a single base, makes it possible to limit the impact of the foundation on the floor of the seabed;
- the at least one post is a plurality of posts and the at least one cavity is a plurality of cavities, each cavity being adapted to fit neatly with the foot of one of the columns of the supporting structure;
- the supporting structure can be tripod or jacket type and the presence of a single base simplifies the installation of such a foundation and thus reduce costs;
- the upper surface of said at least one base extends in a direction of extension perpendicular to the direction of elevation;
- the verticality of the load-bearing structure relative to the sea level is important so that offshore construction (wind, oil or gas platforms, etc.) ensures optimal operation throughout its operating life.
- offshore construction wind, oil or gas platforms, etc.
- the upper surface of said at least one base extends in a direction of extension radial to the elevation direction;
- the verticality of the supporting structure in relation to the sea level is important so that the construction at sea (wind, oil or gas platform ...) ensures optimal operation during all its operating time.
- the upper face of the base does not extend parallel to the sea level - especially because of imperfections present on the floor of the seabed - or the columns of the supporting structure extend inclined in order to be vertical to sea level;
- the support structure comprises a pile having a body extending in the direction of elevation between the lower portion adapted to be secured to the seabed and the upper portion adapted to be secured to the lower portion of the bearing structure;
- the supporting structure comprises a connecting piece extending in the direction of elevation between a lower portion, forming the lower portion of said supporting structure, and an upper portion, and a post having a body extending in the direction of elevation between a foot, adapted to be fitted with the upper portion of the connecting piece, and a head forming the upper portion adapted to support the construction at sea;
- the upper portion of the pile, the lower portion of the connecting piece or the foot of the pole comprises the at least one cavity
- the at least one bag is secured to the lower portion of the supporting structure, surrounding at least a portion of the outer wall of said lower portion, the flexible peripheral walls of the at least one bag extending from the flexible bottom to at said lower portion; Thanks to which the offshore foundation is simpler, and therefore cheaper to install;
- the at least one bag is secured to the at least one cavity, surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall of the cavity, the flexible peripheral walls of the at least one bag extending from the flexible bottom to the cavity; ; Thanks to which the offshore foundation is simpler, and therefore cheaper to install;
- the at least one bag is secured to the upper portion of the support structure, surrounding at least a portion of the outer wall of said upper portion, the flexible peripheral walls of said at least one bag extending from the flexible bottom to said upper portion; Thanks to which the offshore foundation is simpler, and therefore cheaper to install;
- the lower portion of the supporting structure extends between a first edge integral end of the supporting structure and a second free end edge, or wherein the upper portion of the support structure extends between a low end edge integral with said support structure and an end edge free high, wherein the inner wall of the at least one cavity extends between an upper opening and a lower bottom, and wherein the at least one bag can be a plurality of bags, the offshore foundation comprising at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said first end rim and at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said second end rim or comprising at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said bottom end rim and at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said upper end edge or comprising at least one bag surrounding the inner wall of said upper opening and at least one bag surrounding the inner wall e of said bottom bottom; whereby the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure can be very precisely adjusted even though the foot of the post, or the inner wall of the cavity, is not completely covered by the bags, thus reducing the cost such a load-bearing structure;
- the first end edge may have a first diameter and the second end edge may have a second diameter smaller than the first diameter, and in which the upper opening has a third diameter and the lower bottom has a fourth diameter smaller than the first diameter; third diameter; thanks to this shape, the interlocking between the supporting structure and the base is facilitated;
- the foundation at sea further comprises a fluid connection element capable of solidifying inserted between the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said first end rim and the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said second end end rim, inserted between the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said bottom end edge and the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said top end edge, or inserted between the at least one a bag surrounding the inner wall of said upper opening and the at least one bag surrounding the inner wall of said lower bottom; whereby the foundation is more resistant to fatigue, the fluid connecting element, such as for example mortar, taking the axial forces relative to the vertical exerted on the foundation.
- the fluid connection element makes it possible to fortify the connection between the supporting structure and the support structure, the fatigue being particularly detrimental to the connection;
- the foundation at sea further comprises a first seal adapted to separate the fluid connecting member capable of solidifying the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said first end edge, the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said bottom end edge or the at least one bag surrounding the inner wall of said upper opening, and a second seal adapted to separate the fluid connecting member adapted to solidify from the at least one a bag surrounding the outer wall of said second end edge, the at least one bag surrounding the outer wall of said top end edge, or the at least one bag surrounding the inner wall of said bottom bottom; thanks to the seals, the bags are protected during the injection of the fluid connecting element able to solidify;
- the lower portion of the supporting structure further comprises a holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said lower portion and a second free end, said holding barrier surrounding at least partially a portion of the outer wall of said portion; lower and the flexible peripheral walls of said at least one bag being adjacent to said holding barrier, or wherein the upper portion of the support structure further comprises a holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said upper portion and a second free end, said holding barrier at least partially surrounding a portion of the outer wall of said upper portion and the flexible peripheral walls of said at least one bag being adjacent to said holding barrier, or wherein the inner wall of the at least one cavity further comprises holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said inner wall of the at least one cavity and a second free end, said holding barrier at least partially surrounding a portion of said inner wall and the flexible peripheral walls of said at least one a bag being adjacent to said holding barrier;
- the holding barrier makes it possible to protect the bags of the supporting structure, for example against blows during the movements of the supporting structure or the base, when they are not yet filled
- the first end edge of the lower portion of the supporting structure comprises a first holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said first end edge and a second free end, said first holding barrier surrounding at least one partially a part of the outer wall of said first end edge, wherein the second end edge of the lower portion of the supporting structure comprises a second holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said second end edge; end and a second free end, said second holding barrier at least partially surrounding a portion of the outer wall of said second end edge, and wherein the flexible peripheral walls of at least one first bag are adjacent to the first barrier barrier and peripheral walls s flexible of at least a second bag are adjacent to the second holding barrier;
- the double retaining barrier helps to protect and orient the swelling of the load-bearing bags of the supporting structure where they are to allow the tilting of the supporting structure to be adjusted very precisely, even though the lower part of the structure load bearing is not completely covered by the bags, thus reducing the cost of such a load-bearing structure;
- the upper end edge of the upper portion of the support structure comprises a first holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said upper end edge and a second free end, said first holding barrier surrounding to least partially a portion of the outer wall of the high end edge, wherein the low end edge of the upper portion of the support structure comprises a second holding barrier extending from a first end integral with said border low end end and a second free end, said second holding barrier at least partially surrounding a portion of the outer wall of said low end edge, and wherein the flexible peripheral walls of at least one first bag are adjacent to the first holding barrier and the flexible peripheral walls of at least one second bag are adjacent to the second barrier of maintenance;
- the double holding barrier makes it possible to protect and orient the swelling of the bags of the support structure where they are located to allow the inclination of the supporting structure to be adjusted very accurately, although the outer wall of the support structure support structure is not completely covered by bags, thus reducing the cost of such a foundation at sea;
- the upper opening of the at least one cavity comprises a first holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said upper opening and a second free end, said first holding barrier surrounding at least partially a portion of the wall; internal of said upper opening, wherein the bottom bottom of the at least one cavity comprises a second holding barrier extending from a first end secured to said bottom bottom and a second free end, said second holding barrier surrounding at least partially a portion of the inner wall of said lower bottom, and wherein the flexible peripheral walls of at least one first bag are adjacent to the first holding barrier and the flexible peripheral walls of at least one second bag are adjacent to the second barrier maintenance;
- the double holding barrier protects and guides the swelling of the bags of the cavity where they are to allow the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure very accurately although the inner wall is not entirely covered by the bags, thus reducing the cost of such a support structure;
- the holding barrier comprises an upper rib extending around the lower portion of the supporting structure and a lower rib extending around the lower portion of the supporting structure, parallel to the upper rib to create a space
- the holding barrier comprises an upper rib extending around the upper portion of the support structure and a lower rib extending around the upper portion of the support structure, parallel to the upper rib to create a space, said at least one bag being at least partly contained in said space
- the holding barrier comprises an upper rib extending around the inner wall of the at least one cavity and a lower rib extending around the inner wall of the at least one cavity, parallel to the upper rib to create a space, said at least one vs being at least partly contained in said space;
- the ribs define an optimal space needed for the bags and allows to orient more precisely the swelling of said bags when they fill the dense fluid;
- the foundation at sea further comprises cylinders regularly fixed around the body of the at least one pole, the cylinders being adapted to be actuated between a rest position and an active position in which each of said cylinders protrudes to the upper surface of the at least one base so as to adjust the inclination of each of the at least one pole;
- the cylinders make it possible to improve the simplicity and precision of the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure;
- the cylinders are at least partially removable.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing an offshore foundation as defined above, the method comprising:
- the manufacturing process is particularly simple, fast and inexpensive to set up; the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure is done in a simple and precise way and the bags make it possible to take the moments of force with respect to horizontally exerted on the foundation, allowing said foundation to be more resistant to fatigue.
- the support structure comprises at least one base
- the method further comprises, prior to the step of installing the at least one base, the step of pouring the at least one base near the seabed by filling by weighting means such as water ballast compartments belonging to the at least one base;
- weighting means such as water ballast compartments belonging to the at least one base
- the lower portion of the supporting structure extends between a first end edge secured to the supporting structure and a second free end edge, the method further comprising, during the filling step:
- the upper portion of the support structure extends between a low end edge, integral with the support structure, and a free high end edge
- the method further comprising, during the filling step : filling at least a first bag, at least partially surrounding the outer wall of the upper end edge of the upper portion, with the dense fluid until the bottom flexible of the first bag comes into contact with the inner wall of the cavity so as to wedge the upper portion in the cavity, then fill at least a second bag, at least partially surrounding the outer wall of the low end edge of the upper portion, with the dense fluid until the flexible bottom of the second bag comes into contact with the inner wall of the cavity so as to position the supporting structure in elevation position and wedge in the support structure;
- the at least one cavity extends between an upper opening and a lower base
- the method further comprising, during the filling step: filling at least one first bag, surrounding at least part of the inner wall of the lower bottom of the at least one cavity, with the dense fluid until the flexible bottom of the first bag comes into contact with the outer wall of the lower portion of the supporting structure or the upper portion of the support structure, then filling at least a second bag, at least partially surrounding the inner wall of the upper opening of the at least one cavity, with the dense fluid until the flexible bottom of the second bag comes into contact with the wall external of the lower portion of the supporting structure or the upper portion of the support structure so as to position the supporting structure in elevation position and to wedge said lower portion of the supporting structure or said upper portion of the support structure in said cavity;
- the supporting structure comprises at least one post having a body extending in the direction of elevation between the foot and the head, wherein the support structure comprises at least one base having a lower surface forming the lower portion of the structure of support and an upper surface forming the upper portion, wherein jacks are regularly fixed around the body of each of the at least one post of the supporting structure, the method further comprising, between the step of filling the at least one first bag and filling stage from to less a second bag: actuate said cylinders from a rest position to an active position in which each of said cylinders protrudes to the upper surface of the at least one base so as to adjust the inclination of each of the at least one a pole;
- the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure is more precise, the weight of the bearing structure being taken up by the at least one first bag and not by the cylinders;
- the method further comprises, after the step of filling the at least one second bag: actuate said cylinders from their active position to their rest position and at least partially disassemble the cylinders of the body of the at least one pole.
- the invention also relates to a method for adjusting an offshore foundation as defined above or manufactured as defined above, the at least one bag being a plurality of bags, at least two bags. having adjacent flexible peripheral walls, the method further comprising: individually emptying or adding dense fluid into at least a portion of the plurality of bags in order to adjust the inclination of the supporting structure;
- the adjustment of the inclination of the load-bearing structure can be improved and / or corrected in time, in particular in the event of differential settlement of the soil of the seabed causing a change of orientation of the support structure and therefore a change of inclination of the supporting structure.
- the supporting structure comprises at least one post having a body extending in the direction of elevation between the foot and the head
- the support structure comprises at least one base having a lower surface forming the lower portion of the structure of support and an upper surface forming the upper portion
- the method further comprises, prior to the step of emptying or adding dense fluid in at least a portion of the bags: regularly attaching jacks around the body of the minus one pole, and actuate said cylinders from a rest position to an active position in which each of said cylinders protrudes to the upper surface of the at least one base so as to adjust the inclination of each at least one post
- the method further comprising, after the step of emptying or adding dense fluid in at least a portion of the bags: actuating said cylinders from their active position to their rest position and disassemble at least partially said body cylinder of the at least one pole;
- the adjustment of the inclination of the supporting structure is more precise.
- the subject of the invention is also a method for adjusting an offshore foundation as defined above or manufactured as defined above, in which the supporting structure comprises at least one pole having a body extending in the elevation direction between the foot and the head, wherein the support structure comprises at least one base having a lower surface forming the lower portion of the support structure and an upper surface forming the upper portion, wherein the at least one bag is a plurality of bags, at least two bags having adjacent flexible peripheral walls, the method further comprising: regularly securing cylinders around the body of the at least one pole, actuating said cylinders from a position of rest at an active position in which each of said cylinders protrudes to the upper surface of the at least one base, remove at least a portion of the plurality of bags arranged between the inner wall of the cavity and the foot, actuating said cylinders so as to adjust the inclination of each of the at least one pole, installing a second plurality of bags between the inner wall of the cavity and the foot, filling said second plurality of bags with the dense fluid
- the invention also relates to a dismantling process an offshore foundation as defined above or manufactured as defined above, wherein the supporting structure comprises ballast compartments, and wherein the method comprises emptying each of the ballast compartments of said supporting structure so as to disengaging said supporting structure from the support structure;
- the method comprises emptying each of the ballast compartments of said supporting structure so as to disengaging said supporting structure from the support structure;
- the support structure comprises ballast compartments and wherein the method further comprises the step of emptying each of the ballast compartments so as to move the support structure from the ground to the sea floor;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of an offshore wind turbine resting on an offshore foundation according to the invention; , shown in section and resting on the ground of a seabed,
- FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are enlargements of the zone ⁇ indicated in FIG. representing different stages of the installation of the foundation according to the invention
- FIG. 6 is an enlargement of the zone VI marked in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 7 is an enlargement of the zone VII marked in FIG. 4,
- FIG. 8 is an enlargement of the Vin zone indicated in FIG. 5,
- FIG. 9 is an enlargement of the zone IX marked in FIG. 5,
- FIG. 10 is a view according to FIG. 2, according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 11 is a view according to FIG. 4, according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is an enlargement of the zone XI marked in FIG. 11,
- FIG. 13 is a top view in section along the axis ⁇ - ⁇ marked in FIG. 11,
- FIG. 14 is a schematic front view of an offshore wind turbine resting on an offshore foundation according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, shown in section and resting on the ground of a seabed,
- FIG. 15 is an enlargement of the zone XV marked in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a view according to FIG. 15, according to a fifth embodiment
- FIG. 17 is a view according to FIG. 15, according to a sixth embodiment
- FIGS. 18 and 19 are views according to FIG. 18, according to a seventh embodiment
- FIG. 1 represents an offshore foundation 1 supporting an offshore construction such that, in the embodiment represented an offshore wind turbine 11, emerged with respect to sea level M.
- the offshore wind turbine 11 comprises a rotor 12 which rotates under the sea. action of the wind.
- the rotor 12 is composed of a hub 13 supporting a plurality of blades 14, for example three blades 14.
- the term "offshore” is a term of English origin conventionally used in this field, and may be considered synonymous with "in sea ".
- the offshore wind turbine further comprises a nacelle 15 and a mast 16.
- the nacelle 14 is located at the top of the mast 16.
- the nacelle 15 houses a series of equipment (not shown) adapted to produce electricity from a rotation of the axis of the rotor 12.
- the mast 16 extending in a vertical direction Z perpendicular to the plane comprising the sea level M.
- the mast 16 is formed, for example, by a succession of steel sections.
- the offshore foundation 1 comprises a bearing structure 2 adapted to support a construction at sea and at least one base 3 placed or anchored on a floor of seabed FM.
- the floor of the seabed FM being, for example, at a depth of between 10 meters and 100 meters below sea level M, and preferably between 10 meters and 50 meters.
- the at least one base 3 forms a support structure of the offshore foundation 1.
- the bearing structure 2 comprises at least one pole 21 comprising a body 21a extending in a direction of elevation V between a foot 22 and a head 23.
- the offshore foundation 1 may have different compositions depending on different parameters such as bathymetry, the nature of the sea floor FM, wave and current conditions, etc.
- the supporting structure 2 comprises alternately four posts 21 and can be called “jacket” type, three posts 21 and can be called “tripod” type, a pole 21 and can be called type
- Each of the posts 21 is, for example, made of concrete, metal or any other suitable material.
- the body 21a of each of the posts 21 has a substantially tubular shape, for example of constant section.
- the body 21a of each of the posts 21 may be composed of an assembly of vertical bars, horizontal and diagonal forming a lattice.
- Each of the posts 21 comprises, for example, a plurality of ballast compartments (not shown) adapted to allow sequential ballasting of each of the posts 21.
- Each of the ballast compartments comprises at least one opening (not shown) which may alternatively be closed or open to let the sea water fill one of the ballast compartments, in order to sink the foot 22 of each of the posts 21 near at least one base 3.
- the foot 22 of each of the posts 21 is adapted to be fitted on the base 3 and the head 23 of each of the posts 21 is adapted to directly support or via a transition piece (not shown) the offshore wind 11.
- the foot 22 has, for example, a substantially conical shape. More particularly, the foot 22 extends between a first end edge 24 integral with the body 21a of the post 21 and a second free end edge 25. In front of the first end edge 24, the foot 22 has a substantially circular shape and a first diameter D1. Opposite the second end edge 25, the foot 22 has a substantially circular shape and a second diameter D2. The second diameter D2 is smaller than the first diameter D1, the diameter of the foot 22 tapers progressively between the first end edge 24 and the second end edge 25 until it reaches the diameter D2.
- the first end edge 24 of each of the legs 22 extends between a first end 24a and a second end 24b.
- the first end edge 24 comprises a first holding barrier 4a.
- the first barrier of 4a comprises a first rib 41 and a second rib 42.
- the first rib 41 extends radially relative to the foot 22 between a first end 43a secured to the foot 22 and a second end 44a free.
- the first rib 41 at least partially surrounds a first portion of an outer wall of the first end edge 24.
- the first rib 41 comprises several portions, for example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the first edge of end 24. More particularly, the first rib 41 at least partially surrounds the first portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 substantially close to the first end 24a.
- the first rib 41 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the first portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 substantially close to the first end 24a.
- the second rib 42 extends parallel to the first rib 41, radially relative to the foot 22, between a first end 43b secured to the foot 22 and a second free end 44b.
- the second rib 42 at least partially surrounds a second portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24.
- the second rib 42 comprises several portions, for example four, evenly distributed around the second portion of the outer wall of the first End edge 24. More particularly, the second rib 42 at least partially surrounds the second portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 substantially close to the second end 24b.
- the second rib 42 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the second portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 substantially close to the second end 24b.
- the second end edge 25 of each of the legs 22 extends between a first end 25a and a second end 25b.
- the second border end 25 comprises a second holding barrier 4b.
- the second holding barrier 4b comprises a first rib 46 and a second rib 47.
- the first rib 46 extends radially relative to the foot 22 between a first end 48a secured to the foot 22 and a second end 49a free.
- the first rib 46 at least partially surrounds a first portion of an outer wall of the second end edge 25.
- the first rib 46 comprises several portions, for example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the second edge of end 25. More particularly, the first rib 46 at least partially surrounds the first portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25 substantially close to the first end 25a.
- the first rib 46 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the first portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25 substantially close to the first end 25a.
- the second rib 47 extends parallel to the first rib 46, radially relative to the foot 22, between a first end 48b integral with the foot 22 and a second end 49b free.
- the second rib 47 at least partially surrounds a second portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25.
- the second rib 47 comprises several portions, for example four, evenly distributed around the second portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25. More particularly, the second rib 47 at least partially surrounds the second portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25 substantially close to the second end 25b.
- the second rib 47 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the second portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25 substantially close to the second end 25b.
- a space 45 may be formed between the first rib 41, 46 and the second rib 42, 47 of each of the first and second retaining barriers 4a, 4b.
- the space 45 can receive at least one bag 5 which will be described later, the space 45 serving as a formwork to said bag 5.
- the offshore foundation 1 comprises a single base 3.
- the offshore foundation 1 comprises a plurality of bases 3 , preferably a base 3 per post 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the base 3 is in the form of a trunk 31.
- the trunk 31 may be concrete, steel, mixed steel and concrete or any other suitable material.
- the trunk 31 comprises a lower surface 32 and an upper surface 33 opposite.
- the lower surface 32 and the upper surface extend substantially in an extension direction Y.
- the lower surface 32 faces the floor of the seabed FM.
- the trunk 31 may be hollow and have a large mass M1 to be used as a gravity base when filled with water or other ballast material.
- the gravity base is, for example, floating.
- the trunk 31 can weigh more than 1000 tons, for example at least 4000 tons, and is much heavier than the supporting structure 2.
- the trunk 31 hollow comprises a plurality of ballast compartments 34 adapted to allow sequential ballasting of the trunk 31.
- Each of the ballast compartments 34 comprises at least one opening (not shown) which can alternatively be closed or open to allow the seawater to fill each of the ballast compartments 34, in order to sink the box 31 close to the bottom floor.
- Marine FM Marine FM.
- the mass Ml further allows the base 3 to bear and to be held on the floor of the seabed FM.
- the trunk 31 has a large mass M2 in order to sink the trunk 31 near the ground of the seabed FM.
- the trunk 31 is then anchored to the floor of the seabed FM by any known means.
- the upper surface 33 is adapted to receive the supporting structure 2. More particularly, the upper surface 33 is adapted to receive the foot 22 of at least one pole 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the upper surface 33 comprises at least one cavity 35.
- the foundation 1 comprises a single base 3 and the upper surface 33 of the base 3 comprises a plurality of cavities 35, each of the cavities 35 being adapted to receive the foot 22 of one of the posts 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the foundation 1 comprises a plurality of bases 3, the upper surface 33 of each of the bases 3 comprising a single cavity 35 adapted to receive the foot 22 of one of the posts 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the cavity 35 has a substantially conical shape. More particularly, the cavity 35 comprises an inner wall 36 extending between an upper opening 37 and a lower bottom 38 and a base 36a. Opposite the upper opening 37, the cavity 35 has a substantially circular shape and a third diameter D3. Opposite the bottom bottom 38, the cavity 35 has a substantially circular shape and a fourth diameter D4. The fourth diameter D4 is smaller than the third diameter D3, the diameter of the cavity 35 narrows progressively between the upper opening 37 and the lower bottom 38 until reaching the fourth diameter D4.
- the shape of the cavity 35 is complementary to the shape of the foot 22 so that the foot 22 can be fit with play in the cavity 35.
- the bearing structure 2 further comprises at least one bag 5.
- the supporting structure 2 comprises a plurality of bags 5.
- the bags 5 are adapted to give, maintain and / or correct an inclination to each of the at least one pole 21 of the supporting structure 2 relative to the base 3.
- the adjustment of this inclination of the supporting structure 2 relative to the base 3 has an accuracy less than or equal to 2 ° and preferably less than or equal to 0.25 °.
- the elevation direction V of each of the columns 21 is, for example, parallel to the vertical direction Z.
- the bags 5 are adapted so that the elevation direction V is substantially perpendicular to the direction of extension Y.
- the bags 5 are adapted so that the direction of elevation V is radial to the direction extension Y.
- the bags 5 are adapted so that the elevation direction V of each of the columns 21 corresponds to a substantially inclined direction, radial to the direction of extension Y and radial to plan including the sea level M, to allow a better balance and a better resistance to the supporting structure 2.
- the bags 5 are integral with the foot 22 of each of the at least one post 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the supporting structure 2 comprises at least one bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the outer wall of each of the legs 22. More particularly, the supporting structure 2 comprises at least a first bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 and at least a second bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the outer wall of the second edge of end 25 of each of the feet 22.
- the bags 5 extend radially between the supporting structure 2 and the base 3.
- the supporting structure 2 comprises a first plurality of bags 5 surrounding a portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 24 and a second plurality of bags 5 surrounding a portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 25 of each of the legs 22. At least two bags 5 of the first plurality of bags 5 having adjacent peripheral walls and at least two bags 5 of the second plurality of bags 5 having adjacent peripheral walls.
- the bags 5 each comprise a flexible envelope 51, for example of natural or synthetic rubber or any other suitable material.
- the envelope flexible 51 is adapted to change the general shape of each of the bags 5 under the pressure of a dense fluid.
- the dense fluid is adapted to solidify over time. Alternatively, the dense fluid remains, in time, in the liquid or semi-liquid state.
- the dense fluid is, for example, slow setting mortar or other suitable dense fluid such as aggregate, cement or synthetic resin.
- the flexible envelope 51 is adapted to allow an increase in the volume of each of the bags 5. This deformation allows the bags 5 to take variable geometric shapes.
- the flexible envelope 51 is sufficiently elastic so that the bag 5 can be returned to a shape close to its initial shape when said bag 5 empties, at least in part, from the dense fluid that it contains.
- the flexible envelope 51 comprises a flexible bottom 52 and flexible peripheral walls 53 extending from the flexible bottom 52 to the foot 22.
- the flexible bottom 52 is adapted to deform and adjust to the shape of the wall internal 36 of the cavity 35 of the base 3 in which the foot 22 is received when the dense fluid is poured into the flexible envelope 51.
- the flexible peripheral walls 53 are adjacent to the first and second ribs 41, 42, 46, 47 of the first or second holding barrier 4a, 4b.
- the flexible peripheral walls 53 are adapted to deform and adjust to the shape of the first and second ribs 41, 42, 46, 47 of the first and second holding barrier 4a, 4b when the dense fluid is poured into the envelope flexible 51.
- the bags 5 are deformable between an initial position ( Figure 3), in which the flexible envelope 51 of the bags 5 contains little or no dense fluid and is contained in one of the spaces 45, and a inflated position ( Figure 5) in which the flexible envelope 51 of the bags 5 has deformed under the action of the dense fluid that it contains until the flexible bottom 52 leaves one of the spaces 45 and is in contact with the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35.
- Figure 3 an initial position
- Figure 5 a inflated position
- the first and second retaining barriers 4a, 4b protect the bags 5 from shocks during, for example, the transport of the supporting structure 2.
- the first and second retaining barriers 4a, 4b guide the deformation of the bags 5 when they deform from their initial position to their inflated position.
- each flexible envelope 51 is provided with at least one opening 54 that can be connected to a conduit 55 through which the dense fluid can be injected into the flexible envelope 51.
- the dense fluid can be removed from the flexible envelope 51 via the conduit.
- the dense fluid can be injected and / or withdrawn simultaneously in several or all the bags 5.
- the dense fluid can be injected and / or removed individually in each of the bags 5.
- a towing vessel (not shown) brings the base 3 at the chosen area. Then, the ballast compartments 34 of the trunk 31 hollow of the base 3 are gradually filled with seawater, causing the base 3 to sink close to the ground of the seabed FM.
- the sole mass of the base 3 allows said base 3 to flow close to the floor of the seabed FM.
- the base 3 is then, for example, anchored by any known means on the floor of the seabed FM.
- the towing boat then brings the supporting structure 2 to the level of the chosen zone. Then, the ballast compartments of the post 21 of the bearing structure 2 are gradually filled with seawater, causing the foot 22 of the pole 21 to sink near the upper surface 33 of the base 3 ( Figure 2). The foot 22 is then fitted with play in the cavity 35 of the base 3 ( Figure 3).
- the dense fluid is injected simultaneously into the different bags 5 secured to the second end edge 25 of the foot 22, between the first rib 46 and the second rib 47 of the second holding barrier 4b.
- the swelling of said bags 5 deforms the flexible envelope 51 of said bags 5 from the initial position to the inflated position.
- the swelling of said bags under the pressure of the dense fluid deforms the flexible peripheral walls 53 until the bags 5 completely occupy the space 45 and that the various flexible bottoms 52 reach the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35, wedging the foot 22 in the cavity 35 ( Figures 4, 6 and 7).
- the dense fluid is then injected simultaneously into the different bags 5 secured to the first end edge 24 of the foot 22, between the first rib 41 and the second rib 42 of the first holding barrier 4a.
- the swelling of said bags 5 deforms the flexible envelope 51 of said bags 5 from the initial position to the inflated position.
- the swelling of said bags under the pressure of the dense fluid deforms the flexible peripheral walls 53 until the bags 5 completely occupy the space 45 and then the different flexible bottoms 52 reach the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35. , so as to position and wedge the foot 22 nested in the base 3 in a position close to the elevation position V of the pole 21 ( Figures 5, 8 and 9).
- the dense fluid is alternately left in place, injected or taken individually in at least a portion of the different bags 5 so to adjust the inclination of the post 21 with respect to the sea level M.
- the weight of the offshore structure is supported by the reaction of the post 21 on the base 3.
- the moments of force relative to the horizontal are resumed by the wedging by the bags 5 resting on the base 3 at level of the first end edge 24 in abutment and then abutment at the second end edge 25.
- the offshore foundation 1 is more resistant to the tired. Efforts are transferred more directly and are easier to anticipate and control.
- the operation of individually injecting or withdrawing dense fluid in at least a portion of the different bags 5 may be repeated over time (on a scale of several years). It makes it possible to readjust the inclination of the post 21 with respect to the level of the sea level M following a disturbance of the latter related, for example, to a differential settlement of the soil of the seabed FM causing a change of orientation of the sea. base 3 and thus a change of inclination of the supporting structure 2, or linked to a deviation of the inclination of the bearing structure 2 due to the presence of particularly large forces exerted vis-à-vis the head 23 of the post 21.
- the ballast compartments of the column 21 of the supporting structure 2 are progressively emptied of the seawater they contain (deballasted), raising the foot 22 of the pole 21 towards the surface of the sea level M by simply lifting. This operation disengages the post 21 of the base 3 and thus disengage the supporting structure 2 of the base 3. It is then possible to perform work on, replace or dismantle the bearing structure 2. Then, the ballast compartments 34 of the base 3 are gradually emptied of the seawater they contain (deballasted), bringing up to the surface of the sea level M the base 3. It is then possible to carry out work on, replace or dismantle the base 3. Alternatively, the bags 5 can be emptied at least in part of the dense fluid they contain until the flexible bottom 52 of each of said bags 5 is no longer in contact with the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35.
- the second embodiment shown in Figure 10, is similar to the first embodiment and will not be described again in detail.
- This second embodiment is distinguished from the first embodiment by the following points:
- the upper opening 37 of each of the cavities 35 extends between a first end 37a and a second end 37b.
- the upper opening 37 comprises a first holding barrier 4c.
- the lower bottom 38 of each of the cavities 35 extends between a first end 38a and a second end 38b.
- the bottom bottom 38 comprises a second holding barrier 4d.
- the first holding barrier 4c and the second holding barrier 4d each comprise a first rib 61 and a second rib 62.
- the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 extend radially with respect to the cavity 35 between a first integral end 63 of the cavity 35 and a second free end 64.
- the space 45 may be formed between the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 of each of the first and second retaining barriers 4c, 4d.
- the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 of the first holding barrier 4c at least partially surround a portion of the inner wall of the upper opening 37.
- the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 each comprise several portions, for example four evenly distributed around the inner wall 36 of the upper opening 37.
- first rib 61 at least partially surrounds a portion of the inner wall 36 of the upper opening 37 substantially close to the first end 37a and the second rib 62 at least partially surrounds a portion of the inner wall 36 of the upper opening 37 substantially close to the second end 37b.
- first rib 61 of the first holding barrier 4c comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the inner wall 36 of the upper opening 37 substantially close to the first end 37a and the second rib 62 of the first holding barrier 4c comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the inner wall 36 of the upper opening 37 substantially close to the second end 37b.
- the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 of the second holding barrier 4d at least partially surround a portion of the inner wall 36 of the lower bottom 38.
- the first rib 61 and the second rib 62 comprise several portions, for example four, regularly. distributed around the inner wall 36 of the lower bottom 38. More particularly, the first rib 61 at least partially surrounds a portion of the inner wall 36 of the lower bottom 38 substantially close to the first end 38a and the second rib 62 surrounds at least partially a portion of the inner wall 36 of the lower bottom 38 substantially close to the second end 38b.
- first rib 61 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the inner wall 36 of the lower bottom 38 substantially close to the first end 38a and the second rib 62 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the inner wall 36 lower bottom 38 substantially close to the second end 38b.
- the third embodiment shown in Figures 11 to 13, is similar to the first and second embodiments and will not be described again in detail. This third embodiment differs from the first and second embodiments by the following points:
- the offshore foundation 1 further comprises at least one jack 7 and, in the embodiment shown, a plurality of jacks 7, preferably installed in pairs.
- the plurality of jacks 7 is fixed on the body 21a of the post 21 of the supporting structure 2. More particularly, the plurality of jacks 7 may be evenly distributed around the body 21a of the post 21.
- the jacks 7 are fixed to the post 21. upstream of the manufacture of the offshore foundation 1.
- the cylinders 7 are fixed on the pole 21 after the ballast compartments of the latter have been filled with seawater.
- the cylinders 7 are removable and can be detached from the body
- the cylinders 7 are for example of the hydraulic, pneumatic or mechanical type and preferably hydraulic type.
- the cylinders 7 each comprise a cylindrical tube 71, a piston (not shown) and a rod 72.
- the cylindrical tube 71 can be fixed on the body 21a of the post 21. More particularly, the cylindrical tube 71 of each of the cylinders 7 can be fixed, via an axis (not shown), on a boss 73 projecting from the outer wall of the body 21a.
- the boss 73 is for example pierced with a through hole 74 into which the axis is inserted.
- the rod 72 is integral with a plate 75 via a ball 76.
- the plate 75 is adapted to come into contact with a face 78 of a stop 77 projecting from the upper surface 33 of the at least a base 3.
- the axis and the ball 76 make it possible to take back locally the rotations induced by the straightening of the post 21.
- the cylinders 7 are movable along at least one degree of freedom between a rest position and an active position in which the plate 75 of each of said cylinders 7 bears on the upper surface 33 of the base 3 so as to adjust the inclination of the post 21. More particularly, in the active position, the plate 75 of each of said cylinders 7 is supported on the face 78 of one of the stops 77 projecting from the upper surface 33 of the base 3.
- the cylinders 7 extend in a direction radial to the elevation direction V of the pole 21.
- the orientation of the cylinders 7 in this radial direction is maintained by a wedge system (not shown) disposed on the body 21a of the pole 21 Alternatively, the jacks 7 extend perpendicularly to the elevation direction V of the pole 21.
- the cylinders 7 are actuated from their rest position to their active position so that the plate 75 of each of said cylinders 7 bears on the face 78 of one of the abutments 77 projecting from the upper surface 33 of the base 3.
- the weight of the bearing structure 2 is taken up by the different bags 5 integral with the second end edge 25 of the foot 22, or secured to the lower bottom 38 of the cavity 35, and not by the cylinders 7.
- the rod 72 of each of the cylinders 7 is retracted or output so as to allow tilting of the supporting structure 2 relative to the base 3 and thus to accurately adjust the inclination of the post 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- the cylinders 7 are then actuated from their rest position to their active position so that the plate 75 of each of said cylinders 7 bears on the face 78 of one of the stops 77 projecting from the upper surface 33.
- the fastening system is, for example, initially integrated with each of the bags 5. Once the bags 5 have been removed, the jacks 7 are actuated so that the rod 72 of each of the jacks 7 is retracted or extended to allow a tilting of the supporting structure 2 relative to the base 3 and thus to precisely adjust the inclination of the post 21 of the supporting structure 2.
- new bags 5 are installed between the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35 and the foot 22 of the post 21 and filled with the dense fluid until the flexible bottom 52 of each of the new bags 5 comes into contact with the inner wall 36 of the cavity 35 or comes into contact with the outer wall of the foot 22 so as to wedge the foot 22 nested in the base 3 in a position close to the vertical position Z.
- each of the cylinders 7 is then actuated from the active position to the rest position and disassembled from the body 21a of the post 21.
- the fourth embodiment shown in Figures 14 and 15, is similar to the first and third embodiments and will not be described again in detail. This fourth embodiment differs from the first and third embodiments by the following points:
- the supporting structure 2 of the offshore foundation 1 includes a single pole
- 121 comprising a body 121a extending in the direction of elevation V between a foot
- the post 121 is, for example, made of concrete, metal or any other suitable material.
- the body 121a has a substantially tubular shape, for example of constant section.
- the foot 122 has, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the foot 122 extends between a first end edge, integral with the body 121a of the pole 121, and a second end edge, free.
- the diameter facing the first end edge is substantially equal to the diameter opposite the second end edge.
- the supporting structure 2 further comprises a connecting piece 221.
- the connecting piece 221 extends in the direction of elevation V between a lower portion 222 and an upper portion 223.
- the connecting piece 221 is, for example , made of concrete, metal or any other suitable material.
- the connecting piece 221 has a substantially tubular shape, for example of constant section.
- the lower portion 222 has, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the lower portion 222 extends between a first end edge 224, integral with the connecting piece 221, and a second end edge 225, free.
- the diameter facing the first end edge 224 is substantially equal to the diameter opposite the second end edge 225.
- the post 121 comprises, for example, a plurality of ballast compartments (not shown) adapted to allow sequential ballasting of the post 121.
- Each of the ballast compartments comprises at least one opening (not shown) which may alternatively be closed or open to allow the seawater to fill one of the ballast compartments, in order to sink the foot 122.
- the connecting piece 221 comprises a plurality of similar ballast compartments (not shown).
- the head 123 of the pole 121 is adapted to directly support or via a transition piece (not shown) the offshore wind turbine 11.
- the foot 122 is adapted to be fitted with the support structure.
- the foot 122 is adapted to be fitted with the upper portion 223 of the connecting piece 121.
- the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 121 is adapted to be fitted with the support structure.
- the first end edge 224 of the lower portion 222 extends between a first end 224a and a second end 224b.
- the first end edge 224 includes a first holding barrier 104a.
- the second end edge 225 of the lower portion 222 extends between a first end 225a and a second end 225b.
- the second end edge 225 includes a second holding barrier 104b.
- the first retaining barrier 104a and the second retaining barrier 104b each comprise a first rib 141 and a second rib 142.
- the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 extend radially relative to the low portion 222 of the connecting piece 221 between a first end 143 secured to the lower portion 222 and a second end 144 free.
- the space 45 receiving the at least one bag 5 can be formed between the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 of each of the first and second retaining barriers 104a, 104b.
- the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 of the first holding barrier 104a at least partially surround a portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 224.
- the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 each comprise a plurality of portions, example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the first end edge 224. More particularly, the first rib 141 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 224a and the second rib 142 surrounds at the less partially a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 224b.
- first rib 141 of the first barrier 104a comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 224 substantially close to the first end 224a and the second rib 142 of the first barrier holding means 104a comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall of the first end edge 224 substantially close to the second end 224b.
- the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 of the second retaining barrier 104b at least partially surround a portion of the outer wall of the second end edge 225.
- the first rib 141 and the second rib 142 comprise a plurality of portions, for example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the second end edge 225. More particularly, the first rib 141 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 225a and the second rib 142 surrounds at least partially a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 225b.
- the first rib 141 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 225a and the second rib 142 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 225b.
- the base portion 222 further comprises at least one joint J1, J2.
- the lower portion 222 comprises a first seal J1 substantially close to the second end 224b of the first end edge 224 and a second seal J2 substantially close to the first end 225a of the second end edge 225.
- the support structure of the offshore foundation 1 comprises a pile 103.
- the pile 103 comprises a body 103a extending in the direction of elevation V between a lower portion 132 and an upper portion 133.
- the pile 103 is, for example, made of concrete, metal or any other suitable material.
- the body 103a has a substantially tubular shape, for example of constant section.
- the upper portion 133 has, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape.
- the upper portion 133 extends between a low end edge 131, integral with the body 103a of the pile 121, and a high end edge 134, free.
- the diameter facing the bottom end edge 131 is substantially equal to the diameter opposite the end edge 134.
- the pile 103 is adapted to be beaten or drilled in the seabed FM.
- the lower portion 132 is adapted to be secured to the seabed FM.
- the upper portion 133 is adapted to receive the supporting structure 2. More particularly, the upper portion 133 is adapted to receive the foot 122 of the post 121 or to receive the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221.
- the upper portion 133 comprises a cavity 135 adapted to receive the foot
- the cavity 135 has, for example, a substantially cylindrical shape. More particularly, the cavity 135 includes an inner wall 136, extending between an upper opening 137 and a lower bottom 138, and a base 136a. The diameter facing the upper opening 137 is substantially equal to the diameter facing the bottom bottom 138.
- the shape of the cavity 135 is complementary to the shape of the foot 122 so that the foot 122 can be fitted with clearance in the cavity 135 Alternatively, the shape of the cavity 135 is complementary to the shape of the lower portion 222 so that the lower portion 222 can be nested with clearance in the cavity 135.
- the pile 103 is hollow and the base 136a is an axial abutment, for example temporary, delimiting a first hollow zone forming the cavity 135 of a second hollow zone.
- the at least one bag 5 is secured to the outer wall of the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece or foot 122 of the post 121.
- the at least one bag 5 is similar to the at least one bag 5 of the first embodiment and will not be described again.
- the ballast compartments of the connecting piece 221, or alternatively of the pole 121 are progressively filled with sea water, causing the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221 to flow, or alternatively the foot 122 of the post 121. , close to the upper portion of the pile 103 ( Figure 17).
- the lower portion 222, or alternatively the foot 122 is then interlocked with play in the cavity 135 of the pile 103.
- the connection between the pile 103 and the supporting structure 2 can be carried out above the sea level M.
- a fluid connecting element able to solidify is injected between the outer wall of the supporting structure 2 and the inner wall 136 of the cavity 135 and between the first seal J1 and the second seal J2.
- the fluid connection element is for example mortar MO.
- Mortar MO is injected via a conduit (not shown) through which said mortar can be injected.
- the mortar MO makes it possible to fortify the connection between the bearing structure 2 and the pile 103.
- the joints J1, J2 are adapted to prevent the propagation of the mortar MO in contact with the bags 5 during the injection of said mortar MO.
- the weight of the offshore structure 1 is supported by the reaction of the bearing structure 2 on the pile 103.
- the moments of force relative to the horizontal are resumed by the wedging by the bags 5 resting on the pile 103 at the level of the first end edge 224 in abutment, then in abutment at the second end edge 225.
- the mortar MO makes it possible to take up the axial forces, with respect to the vertical, exerted on the foundation offshore 1.
- offshore foundation 1 is more resistant to fatigue.
- the efforts are dissociated and taken up by different elements.
- efforts are transferred more directly and are easier to anticipate and control.
- the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 16, is similar to the second, third and fourth embodiments and will not be described again in detail. This fifth embodiment differs from the second, third and fourth embodiments by the following points:
- the cavity 135 is present in the upper portion 133 of the pile 103.
- the upper opening 137 of the cavity 135 extends between a first end 137a and a second end 137b.
- the upper opening 137 includes a first holding barrier 104c.
- the first holding barrier 104c is similar to the first holding barrier 4c of the second embodiment and will not be described. again.
- Bottom bottom 138 includes a second holding barrier 104d.
- the second holding barrier 104d is similar to the second holding barrier 4d of the second embodiment and will not be described again.
- the support structure 103 comprises the at least one bag 5.
- the support structure 3 comprises a plurality of bags 5.
- the bags 5 are integral with the inner wall 136 of the cavity 135.
- the support structure 103 comprises at least a first bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall 136 of the upper opening 137 and at least a second bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall 136 of the lower bottom 138 of the cavity 135.
- the at least one first bag 5 is a first plurality of bags 5 and the at least one second bag 5 is a second plurality of bags 5. At least two bags 5 of the first plurality of bags 5 having peripheral walls adjacent and at least two bags 5 of the second plurality of bags 5 having adjacent peripheral walls.
- the flexible peripheral walls 53 of the flexible envelope 51 extend from the flexible bottom 52 to the cavity 135.
- the flexible bottom 52 is adapted to deform and adjust to the shape of the outer wall of the portion base 222 of the connecting piece 221, or alternatively the foot 122 of the post 121, the pile 103 when the dense fluid is poured into the flexible envelope 51.
- the bags 5 are deformable between the initial position and the inflated position in which the flexible envelope 51 has deformed under the action of the dense fluid that it contains until the flexible bottom 52 leaves one of the spaces 45 and is in contact with the outer wall of the lower portion 222, or alternatively foot 122, of the pile 103.
- the sixth embodiment, shown in Fig. 17, is similar to the fourth and fifth embodiments and will not be described again in detail. This sixth embodiment differs from the fourth and fifth embodiments by the following points:
- the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221 comprises a cavity 235 adapted to receive the upper portion 133 of the pile 103.
- the foot 122 of the post 121 comprises the cavity 235.
- the shape of the cavity 235 is complementary to the the upper portion 133 of the pile 103 so that said upper portion 133 can be nested with clearance in the cavity 235.
- the lower portion 222, or the foot 122 is to cap the pile 103.
- the cavity 235 is similar to the cavity 135 of the fourth embodiment and will not be described again.
- the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221 is hollow and the base 136a is an axial abutment, for example temporary, delimiting a first hollow zone forming the cavity 235 of a second hollow zone.
- the foot 122 of the post 121 is hollow and the base 136a is an axial abutment, for example temporary, delimiting a first hollow zone forming the cavity 235 of a second hollow zone.
- the lower end edge 131 of the upper portion 133 of the pile 103 extends between a first end 131a and a second end 131b.
- the bottom end edge 131 includes a first holding barrier 204a.
- the high end edge 134 extends between a first end 134a and a second end 134b.
- the high end edge 134 includes a second holding barrier 204b.
- the first holding barrier 204a and the second holding barrier 204b each comprise a first rib 241 and a second rib 242.
- the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 extend radially relative to the upper portion 133 of the pile 103 between a first end 243 integral with the upper portion 133 and a second end 244 free.
- the space 45 receiving the at least one bag 5 can be formed between the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 of each of the first and second retaining barriers 204a, 204b.
- the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 of the first holding barrier 204a at least partially surround a portion of the outer wall of the lower end edge 131 of the upper portion 133.
- the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 comprise each several portions, for example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the upper portion 133. More particularly, the first rib 241 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 131a and the second rib 242 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 131b. Alternatively, the first rib 241 of the first holding barrier
- the second rib 242 of the first holding barrier 204a comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the wall outer portion of the upper portion 133 substantially close to the second end 13 lb.
- the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 of the second retaining barrier 204b at least partially surround a portion of the outer wall of the upper end edge 134 of the upper portion 133.
- the first rib 241 and the second rib 242 comprise several portions, for example four, regularly distributed around the outer wall of the high end edge 134. More particularly, the first rib 241 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 134a and the second rib 242 at least partially surrounds a portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 134b.
- the first rib 241 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall substantially close to the first end 134a and the second rib 242 comprises a single portion completely surrounding the portion of the outer wall substantially close to the second end 134b.
- the upper portion 133 of the pile 103 further comprises at least one seal Jl, J2.
- the upper portion 133 comprises the first seal J1 substantially close to the first end 131a of the low end edge 131 and the second seal J2 substantially close to the second end 134b of the high end edge 134.
- the support structure 103 comprises the at least one bag 5. More particularly, the at least one bag 5 is secured to the outer wall of the upper portion 133 of the pile 103.
- the flexible peripheral walls 53 of the flexible envelope 51 extend from the flexible bottom 52 to the pile 103.
- the flexible bottom 52 is adapted to deform and adjust to the shape of the inner wall 136 of the cavity 235 of the supporting structure 2 when the dense fluid is poured into the flexible envelope 51.
- the seventh embodiment shown in Figures 18 and 19, is similar to the fifth and sixth embodiments and will not be described again in detail.
- the cavity 235 is present on the supporting structure 2. More particularly, the cavity 235 is present in the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221.
- the cavity 235 is present in the lower portion 222 of the connecting piece 221.
- 235 is similar to the cavity 235 of the sixth embodiment and will not be described in new.
- the upper opening 137 of the cavity 235 comprises the first holding barrier 104c.
- the lower bottom 138 of the cavity 235 comprises the second holding barrier 104d.
- the first and second retaining barriers 104c and 104d are similar to the first and second retaining barriers 104c and 104d of the fifth embodiment and will not be described again.
- the bearing structure 2 comprises the at least one bag 5.
- the supporting structure 2 comprises a plurality of bags 5.
- the bags 5 are integral with the inner wall 136 of the cavity 235 of the supporting structure 2. More particularly, the supporting structure 2 comprises at least a first bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall 136 of the upper opening 137 of the cavity 235 and at least a second bag 5 surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall 136 of the bottom lower 138 of the cavity 235.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1458410A FR3025536A1 (fr) | 2014-09-08 | 2014-09-08 | Fondation pour constructions en mer et procedes de fabrication, de reglage et de demantelement d'une telle fondation |
FR1458790A FR3025537A1 (fr) | 2014-09-08 | 2014-09-17 | Fondation pour constructions en mer et procedes de fabrication, de reglage et de demantelement d'une telle fondation |
FR1551495A FR3025538B1 (fr) | 2014-09-08 | 2015-02-20 | Fondation pour constructions en mer et procedes de fabrication, de reglage et de demantelement d'une telle fondation |
PCT/FR2015/052323 WO2016038279A1 (fr) | 2014-09-08 | 2015-09-03 | Fondation pour constructions en mer et procédés de fabrication, de réglage et de démantèlement d'une telle fondation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3191646A1 true EP3191646A1 (fr) | 2017-07-19 |
EP3191646B1 EP3191646B1 (fr) | 2018-03-14 |
Family
ID=51688357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15766913.6A Active EP3191646B1 (fr) | 2014-09-08 | 2015-09-03 | Fondation pour constructions en mer et procédés de fabrication, de réglage et de démantèlement d'une telle fondation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3191646B1 (fr) |
FR (3) | FR3025536A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016038279A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE391553B (sv) * | 1973-10-23 | 1977-02-21 | Granstroem Ab E | Anordning for forankring av stolpar eller master |
DE3007442C2 (de) * | 1980-02-28 | 1983-02-10 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Vorrichtung zum Verankern von freitragenden hohen, dynamisch beanspruchten Strukturen |
GB0713990D0 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2007-08-29 | Chambers Peter R | Mountings |
FR2948153B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-12-30 | Saipem Sa | Eolienne maritime a pylone ajuste verticalement par calage |
-
2014
- 2014-09-08 FR FR1458410A patent/FR3025536A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-09-17 FR FR1458790A patent/FR3025537A1/fr active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-02-20 FR FR1551495A patent/FR3025538B1/fr active Active
- 2015-09-03 EP EP15766913.6A patent/EP3191646B1/fr active Active
- 2015-09-03 WO PCT/FR2015/052323 patent/WO2016038279A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3025536A1 (fr) | 2016-03-11 |
WO2016038279A1 (fr) | 2016-03-17 |
FR3025538A1 (fr) | 2016-03-11 |
FR3025538B1 (fr) | 2016-10-14 |
FR3025537A1 (fr) | 2016-03-11 |
EP3191646B1 (fr) | 2018-03-14 |
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