EP2597206B1 - Fondation et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Fondation et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2597206B1
EP2597206B1 EP20110306536 EP11306536A EP2597206B1 EP 2597206 B1 EP2597206 B1 EP 2597206B1 EP 20110306536 EP20110306536 EP 20110306536 EP 11306536 A EP11306536 A EP 11306536A EP 2597206 B1 EP2597206 B1 EP 2597206B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
caisson
bag
flexible
foundation
foundation according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20110306536
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2597206A1 (fr
Inventor
Henry Dupouy
Thierry Hummel
Martin Hammann
Cyrille Jacquemet
Alain Dutheil de la Rochere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OFFSHORE FOUNDATION SOLUTIONS
Original Assignee
Business Crescendo
Cathie Associates Sarl
Ceteal
Dv Offshore
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Business Crescendo, Cathie Associates Sarl, Ceteal, Dv Offshore filed Critical Business Crescendo
Priority to EP20110306536 priority Critical patent/EP2597206B1/fr
Priority to ES11306536.1T priority patent/ES2480718T3/es
Priority to DK11306536T priority patent/DK2597206T3/da
Priority to PCT/EP2012/073220 priority patent/WO2013076133A2/fr
Publication of EP2597206A1 publication Critical patent/EP2597206A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2597206B1 publication Critical patent/EP2597206B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/16—Jointing caissons to the foundation soil, specially to uneven foundation soil
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E02D23/02—Caissons able to be floated on water and to be lowered into water in situ

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to foundations and their methods of manufacture.
  • Preparation includes extensive work to provide a surface as planar as possible to receive the foundation.
  • the invention relates to a foundation for an off-shore structure.
  • JP 1-174727 describes a foundation which is provided as a hollow structure which comprises an envelope made of a top rigid structure and a bottom net.
  • the top rigid structure has a base which is placed approximately horizontal. The net will be used to accommodate the space below the level of the base.
  • the whole envelope is filled with dense fluid matter such as concrete.
  • JP 7-158082 attempts to solve the second problem by pre-levelling a base part using cylinders which define a temporary position for the base part. A colonnade of concrete is then provided below and around the base part, which acts as a formwork for a later filling with concrete.
  • JP 62-276124 describes a caisson which is placed on a mound formed on the bottom of the seabed. Concrete is poured below the caisson to level the caisson horizontal. However, placing the caisson directly on the mound, possibly with an orientation, seems risky.
  • the instant invention has notably for object to mitigate those drawbacks.
  • the envelope has a flexible bottom which allows it to adapt to any irregularity of the ground. Furthermore, the envelope has flexible peripheral walls which can adapt more easily to the simultaneous flow of concrete or other dense fluid material therein.
  • the caisson can be properly oriented even before pouring concrete.
  • the bag(s) is/are provided over an area that can be optimized and not necessarily over the entire surface of the caisson bottom.
  • the concrete is not poured only to provide weight, but mainly to adapt the gravity caisson to the irregular ground. Hence, it provides an adaptable footing for the gravity caisson.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a foundation for an off-shore structure comprising:
  • Fig. 1a schematically shows a step of installing foundation for an offshore structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • An assembly 1 which comprises a bottom portion 2 and a top portion 3 is made to float in the sea 4.
  • the bottom portion 2 is to be used as a foundation for an offshore structure, and a top portion 3 can be used as the structure itself, or only a footing on which the structure would be assembled after installation of the assembly.
  • the assembly 1 is brought to the suitable location by any suitable means, such as a tug boat 5.
  • the submarine ground 6 might comprise irregularities 7.
  • the ground may or may not (such as in shown example) be globally horizontal at this location.
  • the bottom portion 2 can comprise a hollow caisson 8.
  • the caisson 8 is sufficiently massive to be used as a gravity foundation when filled with water or other ballast material.
  • the empty caisson weighs more than 1000 tons, for example at least 4000 tons, and is much more heavy than the top structure.
  • the caisson is divided in compartments 9a and 9b, in order to allow a sequential ballasting.
  • the compartments comprise openings 10 which can be closed, or opened to let sea water 4 fill the compartments, in order to sink the caisson (these openings are not shown on the following figures).
  • the caisson 8 has a top surface 8a which receives the top portion 3, and an opposed bottom surface 8b which is designed to face the ground 6.
  • one or more bags 13 are provided below the bottom surface 8b of the caisson 8. Only a reduced portion of the bottom surface 8b, for example, less than 60% of this surface, is provided with a bag below.
  • the bag(s) 13 can be provided along a peripheral ring provided in the peripheral portion 12 of the caisson.
  • the foundation comprises an outer barrier 14, an inner barrier 15, which surround a plurality of bags 13 provided between the two barriers 14 and 15. This will be described in more details below.
  • Each bag 13 has an envelope 16 provided with a single opening 17 connected to a duct 118 through which a dense fluid material can be injected into the envelope.
  • the foundation further comprises a pre-stabilizing device, such as plurality of hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18.
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 can be provided radially outward of the caisson 8, for example regularly disposed along the periphery of the caisson 8. In the present example, four hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks are provided.
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 may each comprise a cylinder 19 which is fixed to the caisson 8, and plunger 20 which is movable with respect to the cylinder, and can project below the bottom surface 8b level of the caisson 8.
  • Fig. 2a once a suitable location for the foundation is reached, the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks are set so that their plungers 20 extend below the bottom surface 8b of the caisson. Some of the compartments 9a, 9b are filled by water, whereas others remain empty. Hence, the caisson 8 is partly filled with seawater, as shown on Fig. 2a , so as to sink the assembly 1 below the seawater level 4a.
  • the envelopes 16 are provided in a suitable material like natural or synthetic rubber, suitable to receive therein concrete or another dense fluid element made of aggregate, cement and synthetic resin. Hence, the envelope 16 has a flexible bottom 21 and flexible lateral sides 22, and is otherwise attached to the caisson 8.
  • the inner and outer barriers 14, 15 are provided in a flexible material like polyurethane, which will allow them to adapt to the deformation due to the neighbouring envelopes being filled with concrete, and also to adapt to irregularities of the ground.
  • an example of an inner barrier 15 is provided.
  • the barrier 15 will be provided as a plurality of flexible straps 23 which are spaced apart along the peripheral direction of the caisson 8.
  • Each strap 23 extends along its longitudinal direction between two ends 23a and 23b attached to the caisson 8.
  • the bottom portion 23c of each strap will also be able to adjust to the irregularities of the ground in the other direction (Y).
  • a flexible envelope 24 is provided to join the straps 23 together, and is stretchable and flexible in order to allow for different geometries of the neighbouring straps 23.
  • Fig. 2b the next step of providing the foundation would be discussed.
  • the first part of the assembly which touches the ground are the plungers 20 of the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18.
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 can be commanded so that the caisson 8 is stabilized to be approximately horizontal (the top portion should be placed about vertical).
  • the caisson 8 is about horizontal.
  • the inner and outer barriers 15, 14 are in contact or close to contacting the irregular ground 6. This of course depends on the irregularities 7 of the ground.
  • the inner and outer barriers 14 and 15 and the ground 6 serve as a formwork for the concrete to be injected or poured into the envelopes 16.
  • other compartments 9a, 9b can be opened, to be filled with water, to improve stability of the caisson, while still other compartments remain empty.
  • outer and inner barriers 14, 15 When outer and inner barriers 14, 15 are used such as in the present case, they act as a formwork, thereby preventing the lateral sides 22 from being deformed too much under concrete pouring. Even in the event that the lateral sides 22 or bottom surface 21 would be torn during the pouring of the concrete, the barriers might be used as a liner, i.e. an additional external envelope preventing the concrete to be poured boundless below the caisson and/or around. As can be seen on Fig. 1b , this applies to the inward and outward lateral sides 22.
  • the peripheral lateral sides it can be provided with a plurality of envelopes 16 adjacent to one another, and thus having adjacent peripheral walls. In such case, neighbour envelopes being poured simultaneously with concrete can be used also as a formwork for one another.
  • the above operation provides a footing for the caisson 8.
  • an efficient link between the caisson 8 and the ground 6 is provided.
  • the poured concrete 25 is used to fill in the space between the bottom surface 8 of the caisson and the irregular ground 6, at suitable locations to offer stability of the caisson 8. These locations can be precisely pre-determined before hand.
  • the volume of poured concrete can amount only to a few percents of the overall volume of the foundation, for example less than 15%, or even less than 5%.
  • an empty space 27 is provided below the casing. Hence, the bags are provided to let an empty space 27 between the caisson 8 and the ground 6.
  • This empty space 27 can have any suitable shape as dictated by the specificities of the installation.
  • the concrete may have set and hardened, and the caisson 8 might be totally filled with seawater, such as shown on Fig. 2f .
  • the weight of water is of the order of the weight of the empty caisson, for example about 70%-130% of the weight of the empty caisson.
  • the hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks might be considered useless, and can be removed, if needed. It is provided with a foundation which is gravity based, and has a very efficient link to any kind of irregular grounds 6.
  • Fig. 4 now shows another embodiment of the invention.
  • the various envelopes may be provided along one or more longitudinal axis of the bottom portion 2 rather than as a ring as shown on Fig. 1b .
  • the flexible bottom 21 of the envelopes adapt to the irregular ground 6, and how the flexible lateral sides 22 of adjacent envelopes cooperate with one another.
  • This outer envelope 26 will be attached to the caisson 8 and will act as a liner, i.e. will prevent concrete from pouring into the sea in case of unexpected tearing of one of the envelopes 16. It may therefore surround the envelope 16 below their bottom and around their outmost sides.
  • caissons any shape and arrangement of caissons, and envelopes and hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks can be used in variants.
  • the caisson could be polygonal, with hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 provided at each side.
  • the envelopes 16 may be individual envelopes provided at each corner of the polygon.
  • the caisson 8 might be cylindrical as explained before. As shown on Fig. 6 , only three hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jacks 18 are regularly spaced around the periphery of the caisson 8. Envelopes 16 are provided below the caisson, each corresponding to a hydraulic or pneumatic or mechanical jack 18. Additional envelopes 16 can be provided, such as a central envelope 16.
  • Fig. 7 basically corresponds to the embodiment of Fig. 6 , with the difference that each bag is provided as a plurality (here three) of envelopes 16 adjacent to one another.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Devices For Medical Bathing And Washing (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Fondation pour une structure en mer, comprenant :
    - un caisson gravitaire creux (8) rempli avec de l'eau, et possédant une surface inférieure (8b),
    - au moins un sac (13), attaché au caisson, s'étendant en dessous du caisson et rempli avec un élément fluidique dense,
    l'au moins un sac comprenant une enveloppe flexible (16) possédant un fond flexible (21) et des parois périphériques flexibles (22) s'étendant à partir du fond jusqu'au caisson,
    caractérisée en ce que la fondation comprend en outre un dispositif de pré-stabilisation (18), comprenant une pluralité de vérins attachés au caisson qui peuvent chacun être actionnés le long d'au moins un degré de liberté entre une position de repos et une position active où le vérin fait saillie en dessous de la surface inférieure (8b) du caisson.
  2. Fondation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle ledit au moins un sac (13) est une pluralité de sacs, au moins deux sacs possédant des parois périphériques adjacentes.
  3. Fondation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle l'au moins un sac s'étend en dessous d'une section radialement extérieure (12) du caisson.
  4. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle l'au moins un sac forme un anneau radialement extérieur s'étendant en dessous du caisson (8).
  5. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, comprenant en outre un revêtement flexible (14, 15 ; 26) attaché au caisson, s'étendant en dessous du caisson, et qui entoure l'au moins un sac.
  6. Fondation selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle le revêtement flexible (14, 15 ; 26) entoure l'au moins un sac en dessous de l'au moins un sac.
  7. Fondation selon la revendication 5 ou 6, dans laquelle le revêtement flexible (14, 15 ; 26) entoure l'au moins un sac radialement à l'intérieur et/ou radialement à l'extérieur de l'au moins un sac.
  8. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans laquelle le revêtement flexible comprend une barrière (14, 15) comprenant une pluralité de sangles flexibles (23) espacées les unes des autres le long d'une direction longitudinale, et chacune s'étendant le long d'une direction transversale, et une enveloppe flexible (24) attachées à ladite pluralité de sangles.
  9. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant au moins 3 vérins prévus autour d'une périphérie du caisson, et radialement à l'extérieur par rapport au sac (13).
  10. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle le sac ne comporte aucune autre ouverture que des ouvertures (17) conçues pour recevoir un écoulement entrant d'élément fluidique dense.
  11. Fondation selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, dans laquelle l'au moins un sac définit un espace vide en dessous du caisson (8).
  12. Procédé de fabrication d'une fondation pour une structure en mer, comprenant :
    - la fourniture d'un caisson gravitaire creux (8) pouvant être rempli avec de l'eau, et possédant une surface inférieure (8b),
    - la fourniture d'au moins un sac (13), attaché au caisson, s'étendant en dessous du caisson, comprenant une enveloppe flexible (16) possédant un fond flexible (21) et des parois périphériques flexibles (22) s'étendant à partir du fond jusqu'au caisson, et adapté pour être rempli avec un élément fluidique dense,
    - le coulage du caisson (8) à proximité du sol par remplissage avec de l'eau,
    - la mise à niveau préliminaire du caisson avec un dispositif de pré-stabilisation (18),
    - après la mise à niveau préliminaire, le remplissage de l'au moins un sac avec un élément fluidique dense jusqu'à ce qu'il entre en contact avec le sol, le fond flexible de l'enveloppe s'adaptant à des irrégularités (7) du sol.
  13. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 11 ou 12, comprenant en outre, avant la fourniture, la détermination d'un motif géométrique pour au moins un sac.
EP20110306536 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Fondation et procédé de fabrication Active EP2597206B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110306536 EP2597206B1 (fr) 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Fondation et procédé de fabrication
ES11306536.1T ES2480718T3 (es) 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Cimientos y método de fabricación
DK11306536T DK2597206T3 (da) 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Fundament og fremstillingsfremgangsmåde
PCT/EP2012/073220 WO2013076133A2 (fr) 2011-11-22 2012-11-21 Fondation et son procédé de réalisation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110306536 EP2597206B1 (fr) 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Fondation et procédé de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2597206A1 EP2597206A1 (fr) 2013-05-29
EP2597206B1 true EP2597206B1 (fr) 2014-05-07

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EP20110306536 Active EP2597206B1 (fr) 2011-11-22 2011-11-22 Fondation et procédé de fabrication

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EP (1) EP2597206B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2597206T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2480718T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013076133A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103669379A (zh) * 2013-12-04 2014-03-26 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 无基床整平的筑岛沉箱及施工方法
GB2534874A (en) * 2015-02-02 2016-08-10 Marine Current Turbines Ltd Base for offshore structure
JP6643179B2 (ja) * 2016-05-06 2020-02-12 東亜建設工業株式会社 構造物の水底着底判断方法および水底着底判断システム

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5948252B2 (ja) * 1981-06-16 1984-11-26 五洋建設株式会社 ケ−ソン据付工法
JPH0784740B2 (ja) * 1986-05-26 1995-09-13 公隆 近藤 上げ底ケ−ソンの据え付け工法
US4695200A (en) * 1986-06-02 1987-09-22 Chevron Research Company Membrane seal for a removable bottom founded structure
JPH0613773B2 (ja) * 1986-07-22 1994-02-23 大成建設株式会社 水中構造物の基礎施工方法
JPH01174727A (ja) 1987-12-26 1989-07-11 Bridgestone Corp 水中コンクリート施工用型枠
JP2661864B2 (ja) 1993-12-06 1997-10-08 鹿島建設株式会社 水中ケーソンの着底方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013076133A2 (fr) 2013-05-30
ES2480718T3 (es) 2014-07-28
DK2597206T3 (da) 2014-08-04
WO2013076133A3 (fr) 2013-11-21
EP2597206A1 (fr) 2013-05-29

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