EP3186446A1 - Surveillance de l'intégrité structurelle d'ouvrages de retenue - Google Patents

Surveillance de l'intégrité structurelle d'ouvrages de retenue

Info

Publication number
EP3186446A1
EP3186446A1 EP15757242.1A EP15757242A EP3186446A1 EP 3186446 A1 EP3186446 A1 EP 3186446A1 EP 15757242 A EP15757242 A EP 15757242A EP 3186446 A1 EP3186446 A1 EP 3186446A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crown
measurement signal
shut
absperrbauwerks
signal line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15757242.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Aufleger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3186446A1 publication Critical patent/EP3186446A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0025—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of elongated objects, e.g. pipes, masts, towers or railways
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0083—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0091—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by using electromagnetic excitation or detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
    • G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
    • G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
    • G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for detecting structural changes in the crown of a shut-off structure, in particular a dam or a dam.
  • a shut-off structure as part of a dam, is a man-made structure, mostly constructed in the course of streams, to create a reservoir and generate electricity in power plants.
  • Conventional shut-off structures are dam, dam, barrage or weir.
  • shut-off structures at dams are designed either as dams or as dams. Very often they have considerable reserves with regard to their load-securing capacity, but also considerable risk potentials due to the usually very large energy contents stored in the water volumes of the storage compartments. Failure of these systems can not be excluded in principle. Breakage of barrier dams (dams and dams) is particularly possible due to failure of the structures (eg overflow, internal erosion) or acts of violence, ie essentially by human action, such as accidental or wanton destruction.
  • the structural integrity of shut-off structures can be monitored, for example, by regular inspections and surveys. Likewise, as a simplification, monitoring by video cameras and the like can be performed. take place, but still the video image must be monitored.
  • DE 195 06 180 C1 and DE 196 21 797 AI treat a method for monitoring dams using distributed temperature measurements. The objective here is the detection of increased leakage in the dyke area. Structural changes of the dike crown can not be recognized.
  • DE 10 2006 023 588 B3 describes a geotextile for Deichertrichung, which is equipped with sensor fibers for simultaneous dyke monitoring. The geotextiles are used to improve dike slopes, which are therefore only monitored. Structural changes of the dike crown can not be recognized.
  • JP 2001-082934 A and JP 2001-108493 A describe measuring systems which have individual, defined measuring points. Spatially coherent, continuous monitoring of shut-off structures is not possible. Also, structural changes of the dike crown can not be detected.
  • the invention provides a simple and inexpensive yet reliable way to continuously monitor the structural integrity of the crown of Absperrbauwerken locally and temporally, in order to respond in case of damage in particular early.
  • the damage development may possibly be stopped in time or at least limited in scope and effects and / or an emergency program, in particular evacuation measures, be started as soon as possible.
  • the invention achieves this by monitoring the crown of the shut-off building by means of evaluation or analysis of a measuring signal, which is transmitted via at least one running in the crown of the Absperrbautechniks measuring signal line in the form of a cable.
  • Cable is understood to mean a single or multi-core composite of conductors (cores or fibers) sheathed (eg with insulating and / or protective material).
  • the analysis of the transmitted measurement signal involves a distributed strain measurement, in particular by means of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry
  • BOTDR Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis
  • BOTDA Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis
  • the emergency function to be activated is preferably selected from the group of alarming of one or more private or public authorities (operator, security, civil protection, police, fire brigade, rescue, relief organizations, etc.) or an operating function of the plant containing the barrier structure (for example dam), e.g. the opening of drains (e.g., bottom outlet, spillway), stopping power generation, etc.
  • the measurement signal line is routed on the crown or to a certain depth below the crown, so that structural changes of the crown (ie the top of the shut-off structure) can still be detected.
  • the depth is at most dimensioned such that the measuring signal line runs above the accumulation target.
  • the stowage target is the water level that is normally allowed for its normal use condition.
  • the depth is at most 2 m, 1.5 m, 1 m, 0.5 m, 0.4 m, 0.3 m, 0.25 m, 0.2 m, 0.1 m or 0.05 m or is between two of these values.
  • shut-off structures depend to a great extent on the time of detection of the failure.
  • the invention focuses on the timely recognition of significant structural changes in the area of the shut-off building crown.
  • the measurement signal generation unit and the measurement signal evaluation unit are expediently integrated in a common device.
  • the measurement signal generation unit and / or the one measurement signal evaluation unit are arranged at a distance from the shut-off structure, for example at an adjacent slope. This reduces the risk of damaging the unit (s), which could potentially lead to a malfunction.
  • the monitoring of the crown of Absperrbauwerks is linked to the measurement of the water level in the storage space (and thus with the risk potential).
  • an automatic evaluation of the hazardous situation can take place, wherein, depending on this, it is then preferably decided automatically about the type of emergency function to be triggered.
  • the measurement signal line runs between the measurement signal generation unit and the measurement signal evaluation unit, wherein the measurement signal generation unit is arranged at one end of the measurement signal line and the measurement signal evaluation unit at the other end of the measurement signal line.
  • the measurement signal line along the longitudinal direction of Absperrbauwerks i. transversely to the direction of flow of the jammed water, laid.
  • the course of the measurement signal line can be substantially horizontal just be. It can also be curved or angular horizontally and / or also have vertical components. In any case, in horizontal projection along the longitudinal direction of the shut-off structure, it has a length which is expediently a significant proportion (preferably at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 90% or 95% or exactly 100%) of the length of the Crown along the longitudinal direction of Absperrbauwerks corresponds, since essentially only this proportion is also monitored.
  • the measuring signal line is simply laid along the longitudinal direction of the shut-off building. This is a simple embodiment with minimal cable length.
  • the measuring signal line is reciprocated along the longitudinal direction of the shut-off building, i. relocated one or more times.
  • this increases the necessary line length, it also increases the monitored volume and the detection sensitivity.
  • the measuring signal line on the water side of the crown of the shut-off building can be laid in one direction and on the air side of the crown of the shut-off building in the other direction.
  • the measuring signal line may be laid in a first depth of the crown of the shut-off structure in one direction and in a second, differing from the first depth of the crown of Absperrbautechniks in the other direction.
  • the measuring signal line can be laid in a meandering manner in the plane and / or in the depth in a multiply reversing manner.
  • both ends of the measuring signal line are located on the same side of the shut-off building, which reduces the effort for signal feed-in and signal evaluation.
  • the measurement signal evaluation unit is set up to detect a structural change in the shut-off structure by evaluating the measurement signal. In the simplest case, this can be the absence of the measuring signal if the measuring signal line is damaged. Depending on the specific type of measurement signal line and the measurement signal generation, however, different variants are preferred here.
  • current e.g., control of the voltage of a large electrical loop, strain gauges
  • light control of fiber optic cable continuity or control of strain and temperature through distributed fiber optic strain and temperature measurements
  • a DC or AC signal is transmitted via a designed as a one, two or multi-core cable measurement signal line. Damage to the crown, which leads to damage to the cable, is detected as a change in the transmitted measurement signal.
  • an alternating current signal is transmitted via a measuring signal line designed as a coaxial cable or as a (in particular shielded) cable with twisted pairs (twisted pair). Damage to the crown, which leads to damage to the cable, is detected as a change in the transmitted measurement signal.
  • a light signal is transmitted via a measuring signal line designed as a glass fiber. Damage to the crown, which leads to damage to the cable, is detected as a change in the transmitted measurement signal.
  • the monitoring takes place, for example, by the constantly repeating or continuous control of the light transmission of the line with a suitable technology, in particular by means of laser technology, and / or by the constantly repeating or continuous Execution and automatic evaluation of distributed strain and temperature measurements with the help of a suitable laser technology.
  • Distributed fiber optic measurements allow the determination of temperature and strain changes along a fiber.
  • This type of fiber optic measurement is based on the Brillouin scattering of laser light and can advantageously be performed with a standard single-mode optical fiber. Because the Brillouin frequency depends on the elongation of the fiber, it is possible to correlate frequency shift and strain. However, since the strain distribution is indistinguishable from a change in temperature distribution, simultaneous measurement of the Brillouin frequency shift and the spontaneous Brillouin power is useful to avoid cross-sensitivity. This makes it possible to separate a strain change from a temperature change. This technique allows the measurement of temperature and strain in a fully distributed manner over the entire length of a standard singlemode optical fiber, for example, up to 30 km.
  • the local resolution is about 1.0 m, i. that a measured value can be determined approximately every meter along a glass fiber.
  • a device based on Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) or Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) is needed for distributed fiber optic strain measurement.
  • BOTDR devices are preferred because, unlike BOTDA devices, they do not require two-sided access to the fiber. Measurements are made by sending laser pulses from the device into a connected fiber and measuring the frequency shift of the backscattered light. The transit times between the emitted laser pulse and the received, backscattered light determine the location of the corresponding frequency shift in the fiber (local resolution).
  • the distributed fiber optic strain measurement offers the considerable advantage over other methods that deformations can be quantified. As a result, a significantly higher informative value and reliability with respect to the failure mechanisms to be detected is made possible. This makes it possible to report structural changes only if they go beyond the usual thermally induced deformations. Depending on the severity of the change, it is then preferable to automatically decide on the type of point to be notified (only operators, operators and civil protection, etc.).
  • shut-off structures Although the invention will be described essentially with reference to shut-off structures, it is also useful for monitoring other elongated structures, such as e.g. Bridge girders, roads, tracks, pipelines or similar can be used advantageously.
  • elongated structures such as e.g. Bridge girders, roads, tracks, pipelines or similar can be used advantageously.
  • Figure 1 shows a controlled according to a preferred embodiment of the invention dam in a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 2 shows the dam from FIG. 1 in a frontal view from the water side. Detailed description of the drawing
  • FIG. 1 shows a shut-off structure designed here as a dam wall 100 for damming a body of water 200 with a water level H in a cross-sectional view and FIG. 2 in a frontal view from the water side.
  • the dam 100 is bounded on its upper side by a crown ("crown") 101 and limits in turn a storage space (in the figure on the left).
  • a measuring signal line formed here as an optical waveguide or fiber optic cable 150 is laid at a distance A from the water side or bin side crown edge at a distance A, which extends substantially along a longitudinal direction L of the dam wall 100 extends horizontally over a length which, as is clear in Figure 2, substantially (here at least 95%) corresponds to the length of the dam 100 in the direction L.
  • the optical fiber cable 150 is connected to a signal generation and evaluation device 160, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a BOTDR device.
  • the frequency shift of the backscattered light is measured.
  • the transit time between the emitted laser pulse and the received, backscattered light determines the location of the corresponding frequency shift in the fiber optic cable 150.
  • the measure of the frequency shift is a measure of the elongation of the glass fiber at this point, which in turn is correlated with the elongation of the glass fiber surrounding dam wall material, in particular concrete.
  • the fiber optic cable 150 is already laid in the production of the dam 100, in particular poured into the concrete.
  • the dam can also be retrofitted, for example, by providing the dam with a recess, inserting the fiber optic cable 150 into the expanse and expediently potting it there in order to produce a strain-transmitting operative connection between the glass fiber cable and the dam wall.
  • the fiber optic cable in the recess or on the crown at several points fixed to the dam, so that in this way the strain between the points connected to the dam wall can be determined. Although this reduces the spatial resolution of the measurement, however, the mounting effort is reduced.
  • the dam consists of several separately manufactured blocks, there are usually more or less large expansion joints between these blocks.
  • the measurement signal line is arranged in the region of these joints so that a conventional thermally induced strain does not affect the measurement signal so that a structural change is assumed, but that the measurement signal line is attached and dimensioned at the joints between the individual dam blocks so that only at Significant measurement signals occur beyond the usual thermally induced deformations.
  • the fiber optic cable 150 is stretched or possibly interrupted at one or more points. Both alternatives are recognizable in the measurement signal, whereby in addition the extent of the frequency shift can be used to deduce the degree of elongation and thus the extent of the structural change. If, by evaluating the measurement signal in the BOTDR device 160, it is determined that a predetermined expansion threshold is exceeded, it will become automatic from the BOTDR device 160 (which is expediently arranged in a building) triggered a corresponding emergency function, in particular a warning signal or alarm signal transmitted to a competent authority. The selection of the receivers of the alarm signal preferably takes place as a function of the extent of the structural change.
  • the selection of the point to be alarmed is also made dependent on the water level H, so that at a low water level also only the operator and at a large water level also public places are alerted.
  • the alerting can be via wired or wireless transmission methods, such. As phone, wireless, mobile, satellite connection, etc. generate.
  • an embodiment of the invention relates to a method for detecting severe structural changes to dams or dams, wherein in the crown area of these structures at a suitable location typically above the storage target connected to an automatic measuring unit measurement signal line in a suitable manner over the entire length or a significant partial length of the Built structure is integrated so that in a serious structural change of the building a clear measurement signal is registered and thereby the structural change is detected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection des modifications structurelles de la crête (101) d'un ouvrage de retenue (100), un signal de mesure étant transmis par une ligne de signalisation (150) qui se présente sous forme de câble, dans la zone crête (101) de l'ouvrage de retenue (100) ; et une modification structurelle de la crête (101) de l'ouvrage de retenue (100) étant détectée par une analyse du signal de mesure transmis, l'analyse du signal de mesure transmis comportant une mesure de dilatation répartie.
EP15757242.1A 2014-08-28 2015-08-28 Surveillance de l'intégrité structurelle d'ouvrages de retenue Withdrawn EP3186446A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014112383.2A DE102014112383A1 (de) 2014-08-28 2014-08-28 Überwachung der strukturellen Integrität von Absperrbauwerken
PCT/EP2015/069792 WO2016030527A1 (fr) 2014-08-28 2015-08-28 Surveillance de l'intégrité structurelle d'ouvrages de retenue

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3186446A1 true EP3186446A1 (fr) 2017-07-05

Family

ID=54035234

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15757242.1A Withdrawn EP3186446A1 (fr) 2014-08-28 2015-08-28 Surveillance de l'intégrité structurelle d'ouvrages de retenue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3186446A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014112383A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016030527A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114396917B (zh) * 2022-02-25 2023-11-10 北京华昊水利水电工程有限责任公司 一种橡胶坝安全检测方法及系统
CN117570910B (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-04-12 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种狭窄河谷大坝坝体变形监测装置

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DE19506180C1 (de) * 1995-02-09 1996-06-05 Geso Ges Fuer Sensorik Geotech Verfahren zur Kontrolle und Überwachung des Zustandes von Deichen, Dämmen, Wehren oder dergleichen
US5663490A (en) * 1995-04-14 1997-09-02 Daito Kogyo Co., Ltd. Breakage detection system for water-barrier sheet in waste disposal facility
DE19621797B4 (de) * 1996-05-30 2011-03-24 Gtc Kappelmeyer Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Leckageüberwachung an Objekten und Bauwerken
JP2001082934A (ja) * 1999-09-16 2001-03-30 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 破堤監視システム
JP2001108493A (ja) * 1999-10-12 2001-04-20 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 堤体監視システム
DE102006023588B3 (de) * 2006-05-17 2007-09-27 Sächsisches Textilforschungsinstitut eV Verwendung eines multifunktionalen, sensorbasierten Geotextilsystems zur Deichertüchtigung, für räumlich ausgedehntes Deichmonitoring sowie für die Gefahrenerkennung im Hochwasserfall
FR2903773B1 (fr) * 2006-07-13 2009-05-08 Bidim Geosynthetics Soc Par Ac Dispositif, systeme et procede de detection et de localisation de dysfonctionnement dans un ouvrage hydraulique, ainsi qu'un ouvrage hydraulique equipe de ce dispositif.

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Title
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See also references of WO2016030527A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102014112383A1 (de) 2016-03-03
WO2016030527A1 (fr) 2016-03-03

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