EP3179497B1 - Multipolarer schutzschalter mit unterbrechung in der luft, der eine verbesserte filtervorrichtung für das unterbrechungsgas umfasst - Google Patents

Multipolarer schutzschalter mit unterbrechung in der luft, der eine verbesserte filtervorrichtung für das unterbrechungsgas umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3179497B1
EP3179497B1 EP16203077.9A EP16203077A EP3179497B1 EP 3179497 B1 EP3179497 B1 EP 3179497B1 EP 16203077 A EP16203077 A EP 16203077A EP 3179497 B1 EP3179497 B1 EP 3179497B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
circuit breaker
chamber
filtering device
chambers
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16203077.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3179497A1 (de
Inventor
Marc Rival
Eric Domejean
Jean-Paul Gonnet
Nicolas Chaboud
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/64—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas
    • H01H33/65—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein the break is in gas wherein the break is in air at atmospheric pressure, e.g. in open air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/342—Venting arrangements for arc chutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2201/00—Contacts
    • H01H2201/022—Material
    • H01H2201/024—Material precious

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multipolar electric breaker with air shutoff for high intensities.
  • electrical circuit breakers can protect electrical systems against abnormal conditions, such as overvoltages, short circuits or overcurrent.
  • these circuit breakers comprise, for each electrical pole of these circuit breakers, electrical contacts, whose contact pads are connected to input and output terminals, and which can be moved to interrupt the flow of electric current when a abnormal situation is detected.
  • electrical contacts are known in which these electrical contacts are placed in an arc-extinguishing chamber filled with air. When these contacts are closed, the electric current can flow through these conductors.
  • the contact pads of this contact are distant one of the other.
  • cutoff gases have a high temperature, generally above 2000 ° C, and are further partially ionized. They may further contain suspended particles, such as soot and / or metal particles. These suspended particles typically come from a partial melting of the internal components of the circuit breaker in contact with the electric arc. These cutoff gases can therefore be hazardous and must be cooled and deionized before being discharged outside the circuit breaker.
  • the patent application EP 0 437151 A1 describes such a circuit breaker provided with a device for cooling the cut-off gases before they are discharged to the outside.
  • This circuit breaker comprises two devices for filtering the rejected cut gas, separated from each other by a single gas reception chamber common to all the circuit breaker. The rejected cut-off gases circulate in this common reception chamber before their exit towards the outside of the circuit-breaker.
  • a disadvantage of this circuit breaker is that it does not allow effective cutting of the electric current when used in electrical circuits involving continuous electrical voltages have higher values, typically between 1000V and 1500V. Indeed, in this case, the cutoff gases discharged out of the circuit breaker are not sufficiently cooled or deionized, which promotes the formation of a short-circuit electric arc between the poles of the circuit breaker, at electrical connection terminals. circuit breaker located outside of the circuit breaker. This creates an unacceptable security defect.
  • the document US2015 / 0270075 shows a device equipped with several gas reception chambers with filters exclusively downstream.
  • the invention intends to remedy more particularly, by proposing a multipole circuit breaker with an electrical cut-off in the air, which has increased efficiency and safety, while maintaining a simple design and a moderate cost.
  • the efficiency of the breaking circuit breaker, and therefore the security are increased, this without significantly increasing the complexity of the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker according to the state of the art operates only with AC voltages because, because of the phase shift between the poles, the breaking energies at a given moment are not the same from one pole to another. The risk of looping current between two of these poles is therefore low.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that the cooling and deionization of the cutoff gases are improved.
  • the different gas reception chambers each have a smaller volume than a gas reception chamber common to all the circuit breaker.
  • the geometry of the gas reception chambers facilitates triggering, by self-ignition, a combustion of the cutoff gases inside this receiving chamber. This combustion makes it possible in particular to reduce the amount of particles suspended in the cutoff gas leaving the gas reception chamber. This greatly reduces the risk of short circuit by looping an electric current outside the circuit-breaker when these cut-off gases are rejected therein.
  • the clearance of gases is improved without having to use filtration devices that have dimensions or higher filtration properties, which would complicate the manufacture of the circuit breaker and increase its cost.
  • the sealing member is a flat gasket mounted in compression between the cover and the housing.
  • the Figures 1 to 3 represent a circuit breaker 2 multipole cut in the air and high intensity.
  • Multipolar means that the circuit breaker 2 is intended to be used in an electrical circuit having a plurality of electrical poles.
  • the circuit breaker 2 has four independent poles P1, P2, P3, P4.
  • the circuit breaker is intended to be used to protect a three-pole DC circuit.
  • the poles P1 and P2 are connected in series to a first polarity of the electrical circuit to be protected.
  • Poles P3 and P4 are connected in series to a second polarity of this circuit.
  • Other configurations are however possible.
  • a permanent direct current of 4000 A can circulate with a potential difference of 1500V between terminals of this pole.
  • the circuit breaker 2 may have a different number of poles, for example two or three.
  • the circuit breaker 2 can also be used in an AC circuit.
  • the circuit breaker 2 comprises a closed box B divided into a plurality of separate compartments C.
  • the housing B is for example made of molded plastic.
  • Each compartment C extends essentially along a longitudinal axis Z of the circuit breaker 2. This axis Z is here vertical.
  • the compartments C are here identical.
  • the housing here has as many compartments C as poles.
  • Each pole P1, P2, P3 and P4 is associated with a compartment C.
  • the circuit breaker 2 further comprises, for each pole P1, P2, P3 and P4, housed inside the compartment C associated with this pole, the following elements : electric input 4 and output 6 terminals, an arc extinction chamber 8, an electrical contact comprising two electrical contact pads 10 and 12 movable and a mechanism 14 for moving the pads 10 and 12.
  • these elements are identical from one pole to another. They are therefore described in detail only for the pole P1 of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the terminals 4 and 6 are configured to electrically connect the circuit breaker 2 to an electrical circuit that is to be protected.
  • the circuit breaker 2 is connected to connection terminals of the circuit in an electrical cabinet.
  • the terminals 4 and 6 are made of an electrically conductive material, usually a metal such as copper. Terminals 4 and 6 are accessible from outside of the housing B.
  • the pads 10 and 12 are electrically connected to the terminals, respectively, 4 and 6 by non-illustrated conductors.
  • the pads 10 and 12 comprise pellets of metal material, such as silver or copper.
  • These pads 10 and 12 are movable, selectively and reversibly, between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position, the pads 10 and 12 are in direct contact with each other and allow the circulation of an electric current between the terminals 4 and 6. In their open position, the pads 10 and 12 are remote. one of the other. For example, in this open position, the pads 10 and 12 are spaced from each other by at least one centimeter and, preferably, at least two centimeters.
  • the stud 10 is fixed integrally to a fixed wall of the compartment C of the pole P1.
  • the stud 12 is fixed on a mobile arm 16 configured to be set in motion by the mechanism 14.
  • the mechanism 14 is configured to open the contact, that is to say move the pads 10 and 12 from the closed position to the open position, when a malfunction is detected. This detection is for example provided by an electronic trigger circuit, not shown.
  • This mechanism 14 is advantageously configured for, when it opens the contact pads 10 and 12, to open the contactors of the other poles P2, P3 and P4 of the circuit breaker 2, for example by means of the respective mechanisms 14 of the poles P2, P3 and P4.
  • An operating anomaly is, for example, an overload, a short circuit or an overcurrent of the electric current flowing in the circuit to be protected, for at least one of the poles P1, P2, P3 or P4.
  • the arc extinguishing chamber 8 is formed inside the compartment C associated with the pole P1 in an upper part of the compartment C.
  • This chamber 8 comprises a first gas exhaust window 20, here formed in a wall. upper end of this chamber 8.
  • This exhaust window 20 has a rectangular shape and has an area at least equal to 30% or 50% of the area of the upper face of this end wall.
  • the cutoff gases issuing from the chamber 8 can not leave the chamber 8 other than through the exhaust window 20.
  • This exhaust window 20 is provided with an upstream gas filtration device 22, which will be described in more detail. detail in the following.
  • the terms “upstream” and “downstream” are here defined relative to the direction of flow of the cutoff gases, from the chamber 8 towards the outside of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the chamber 8 comprises a plurality of arc cutting plates 24 intended to extinguish an electric arc which is formed in the chamber 8 during the opening of the pads 10 and 12 while a current flows through these plates 10 and 12.
  • These plates 24 are here metal sheets which extend parallel to each other and parallel to the Z axis between the window 20 and the pads 10 and 12. These plates 24 pass the cutoff gases to the exhaust window 20.
  • Such arc extinguishing chamber 8 is for example described in the patent application FR 2 788 372 A1 .
  • the device 22 is configured to cool and deionize at least partially the cutoff gases that escape from the chamber 8 after the formation of an electric arc following the opening of the circuit breaker 2. This deionization is carried out on the one hand by cooling the cutoff gas and secondly by trapping particles suspended in the cutoff gas. These particles in suspension are typically metal particles or soot, in particular carbon, which result from a partial melting of different components of the circuit breaker 2 located in the chamber 8 when an electric arc forms at the moment of opening of the circuit breaker.
  • the device 22 is here configured to cool the cutoff gases leaving the chamber 8 to a temperature of less than or equal to 2500 ° C, preferably 2000 ° C. Typically, the cleavage gases have, at the outlet of the chamber 8 and before they pass through the device 22, a temperature greater than or equal to 4000 ° C. or 6000 ° C. and less than 10000 ° C.
  • the temperature of the cutoff gases in the chamber 8 is measured in a region of this cutoff gas remote from the electric arc, when this electric arc is present. Indeed, the temperature is locally very high, generally greater than 10000 ° C, in the immediate vicinity of the electric arc and is not always measurable.
  • thermocouple type K from Thermocoax.
  • the device 22 comprises a porous screen which prevents the cutoff gas from escaping directly on a rectilinear path towards the outside of the circuit breaker, but which, on the contrary, modifies the flow of the gas so as to lengthen its trajectory .
  • This porous screen here comprises a stack of layers of metal fabrics, called reps tissues.
  • reps tissues Such a porous screen is described in the patent application EP 0 817 223 . In this example, these reps fabrics are made of stainless steel.
  • the tissue layers reps of the device 22 have a gradual opening dimension which decreases from the chamber 8 to the chamber 30.
  • the reps tissue layers here are of planar shape and extend in a horizontal geometric plane perpendicular to the axis Z.
  • the opening dimension of a tissue reps is defined as being equal to the nominal hydraulic opening diameter of a mesh of the fabric.
  • the meshes of a layer of reps fabric here all have the same opening dimension.
  • This progressive opening is achieved by arranging the stack of reps tissue layers so that the tissue layer having the highest aperture size is located at the input of the device 22, i.e. the chamber 8 and the one having the smallest opening dimension is located at the outlet of the device 22, that is to say the side of the chamber 30.
  • the intermediate fabric layers located between these inlet and outlet have dimensions opening decreasing, decreasing linearly here.
  • the opening dimension of the reps fabric layers of the device 1 is greater than or equal to 50 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m or 200 ⁇ m.
  • the opening dimension is less than 1 mm or 2 mm.
  • the device 22 comprises several porous screens, independent of each other and juxtaposed next to each other in the same plane, here horizontal, at the level of the exhaust window 20. These porous screens are separated from each other by a waterproof material that prevents cutoff gases from passing between these porous screens. This configuration forces the cutoff gas to flow in parallel through these various porous screens as it passes through the device 22.
  • porous screens occupy at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, or 80% or 90% of the area of the window 20.
  • the device 22 comprises five identical porous screens.
  • the circuit breaker 2 further comprises a gas reception chamber 30.
  • This chamber 30 is in fluid communication with the chamber 8 through the window 20.
  • the chamber 30 has a gas outlet opening 32 which opens outwards from the circuit breaker 2. This opening 32 is provided with a downstream filtering device 34.
  • the chamber 30 is configured to cool and deionize the cutoff gases prior to their rejection from the circuit breaker 2.
  • the cutoff gas is said to be sufficiently cooled to be rejected if its temperature is less than or equal to 1500 ° C or 800 ° C. Below these temperatures, the gas no longer has sufficient electrical conductivity to allow the occurrence of a short circuit, even in the presence, for example on a table electrical circuit on which circuit breaker 2 is connected, high voltages greater than or equal to 5000 V.
  • the device 34 comprises a porous screen formed of a stack of layers of reps fabric which covers at least 60%, preferably 80% or 90% of the area of the aperture 32.
  • the device 34 is here identical to the device 22.
  • the opening dimension of the reps fabric layers decreases from the inlet of the device 34, that is to say the side of the chamber 30, towards the outlet of the device 34, that is to say on the side that opens out of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the device 34 extends here parallel to the device 22.
  • the devices 22 and 34 are spaced from each other by a distance greater than or equal to 2 cm.
  • the chamber 30 here has a volume of between 200 cm 3 and 1000 cm 3 and, preferably, between 250 cm 3 and 800 cm 3 .
  • the volume of the chamber 30 is between 0.1 and 0.5 times the volume of the compartment C.
  • the chamber 30 comprises a cover 36 which delimits sealed walls of this chamber 30.
  • This cover 36 is here attached to an upper face of the housing B, at the chamber 8 with which this chamber 30 is in communication.
  • the cover 36 thus covers the entire window 20.
  • This cover 36 is held integral with the housing B, without degree of freedom, by fastening elements, such as screws.
  • a sealing member 38 is disposed between the cover 36 and the housing B, to seal the chamber 30, and to prevent the cutoff gas from leaving the chamber 30 outside the opening 32.
  • sealing member 38 is here a flat gasket, for example, silicone, mounted in compression between the cover 36 and the housing B when the cover 36 is assembled with the housing B.
  • the chamber 30 is in particular configured to withstand a higher pressure or equal to ten bars or fifteen bars, preferably twenty bars.
  • the cover 36 is made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic, such as the material known as "polyester glass mat".
  • the fastening elements are, for example, screws with high elastic strength and have a shear strength greater than or equal to 50 daN / mm 2 , preferably 120 daN / mm 2 . This keeps the cover 36 pressed against the housing B despite the large and rapid pressure variation when the cutoff gas leaves the chamber 8 to enter the chamber 30.
  • the references 32 'and 34' designate, respectively, the outlet opening of the cutoff gases of the chamber 40, and the downstream filtration device carried by the opening 32 '.
  • the references 32 “and 34” designate, respectively, the outlet opening of the cutoff gases of the chamber 50 and the downstream filtering device carried by the opening 32 ", the references 32 '" and 34 "”. designate, respectively, the outlet opening of the cutoff gases of the chamber 60 and the downstream filtration device carried by the opening 32 "'.
  • the openings 32 ', 32 "and 32'” are here identical to the opening 32.
  • the devices 34 ', 34 "and 34'” are here identical to the device 34.
  • the covers 36 ', 36 “and 36'” are here identical to the hood 36.
  • each chamber 30, 40, 50, 60 is in fluid connection only with a single arc extinction chamber associated with only one of the poles, respectively, P1, P2, P3 and P4.
  • Each chamber 30, 40, 50 and 60 is therefore not directly in fluid communication with the arc extinction chamber of another pole, so that the cutoff gases from the extinguishing chamber arc from another pole can not penetrate inside this gas reception chamber.
  • the chambers 30, 40, 50 and 60 are fluidly separated from each other by sealed walls, here by the sealed walls of the covers 36, 36 ', 36 "and 36" "respectively which delimit these gas reception chambers.
  • Each device 34, 34 ', 34 "and 34'” is distinct from the respective downstream gas filtration device of the other gas reception chambers of the circuit breaker 2.
  • independent gas reception chambers 30, 40, 50 and 60 for each of the poles P1, P2, P3 and P4 rather than a single reception chamber common to all the poles P1, P2, P3 and P4, it reduces the risk of forming a short circuit between pads 10 or 12 of different poles P1, P2, P3 or P4 of the circuit breaker through the cut gas present in this common gas reception chamber. Indeed, as long as the cut-off gas is not sufficiently cooled, it possesses a high electrical conductivity, which makes possible the occurrence of such short circuits. This is all the more true as the electrical voltages involved are high. Thus, the safety and operating efficiency of the circuit breaker 2 are improved.
  • each of the chambers 30, 40, 50 or 60 allows a better cooling of the cutoff gases, by making possible a combustion of this cutoff gas within it.
  • the inventors have demonstrated that such a combustion occurs spontaneously by self-ignition of the cutoff gas in the chamber 30 once the electric arc present in the chamber 8 has extinguished.
  • self-ignition it is meant that a combustion phenomenon is initiated spontaneously, without additional energy input.
  • a self-ignition of the cutoff gas occurs inside the chamber 30 when the pressure generated by the cutoff gas inside this chamber 30 begins to decrease, after extinction of the arc
  • This lowering of the pressure causes entry into the chamber 30, and through the opening 32, ambient air containing oxygen, the cutoff gas having a higher temperature.
  • 2000 ° C initially having a pressure greater than 1.5 bar and having electrically charged particles suspended in the gas with a concentration greater than or equal to 50 parts per million (ppm) or greater than or equal to 100 or 1000 ppm. Thanks to this combustion, these particles suspended in the cutoff gas are largely destroyed and are therefore no longer present in the cutoff gas when it is discharged outside the circuit breaker 2, which reduces its electrical conductivity.
  • the pads 10 and 12 are initially in their closed position and an electric current normally flows between the terminals 4 and 6
  • the pads 10 and 12 are then opened, for example following the detection of an operating anomaly.
  • the mechanism 14 automatically moves the arm 16 so as to move the stud 12 away from the stud 10.
  • An electric arc is then formed between the studs 10 and 12. Because of this electric arc, the air initially present in the Chamber 8 is ionized and heated to a temperature greater than or equal to 4000 ° C or 6000 ° C.
  • This ionized gas corresponds to the cutoff gas.
  • This cutoff gas due to its high temperature and high pressure, escapes from the chamber 8 through the window 20 and thus through the device 22.
  • the cutoff gas has a temperature greater than 6000 ° C and a conductivity greater than or equal to 50 siemens / m (s / m).
  • this electric arc is subsequently extinguished in the chamber 8, for example after a period of less than or equal to 10 ms or 100 ms after its appearance.
  • the cutoff gas travels a much longer path than if the device 22 was not present.
  • the heat exchanges between the cutoff gas and the material forming the reps of the porous screen of the device 22 make it possible to cool, at least partially, this cutoff gas as it enters the chamber 30.
  • the temperature of the gas In addition, the device 22 traps part of the particles suspended in the cutoff gas, which contributes to reducing its electrical conductivity.
  • a flow of cut-off gas enters the chamber 30 through the window 20 and thus through the device 22.
  • This gas cutoff has a temperature here at most equal to 2000 ° C, a pressure greater than or equal to 1.5 bar and comprises electrically charged particles in suspension with a concentration greater than or equal to 50 parts per million (ppm) or greater than or equal to 100 ppm or 1000 ppm.
  • ppm parts per million
  • the pressure of the cutoff gas decreases, which allows the entry of ambient air inside the chamber 30 from outside the circuit breaker 2.
  • This ambient air it enters the chamber 30 through the opening 32.
  • the pressure of the cutoff gas decreases to a value less than or equal to the atmospheric pressure of the ambient air in the vicinity of the circuit breaker 2.
  • This ambient air contains oxygen, which acts as an oxidizer and enables the combustion phenomenon to be triggered inside the chamber 30.
  • the cutoff gas then undergoes, inside the chamber 30, a self-ignition, which triggers a combustion of this gas.
  • This combustion has a duration of less than 200 ms. This combustion makes it possible in particular to rid the cutting gas of the particles with which it is charged by burning them, which contributes to its deionization.
  • the conditions required for self-ignition depend, in particular, on the temperature of the cutoff gas, the pressure of this cutoff gas and the injection of oxygen-containing ambient air from outside the circuit-breaker after the In this example, the inventors have determined that a temperature above 1000 ° C. and a pressure greater than 1.5 bar or 2 bars is necessary to trigger the self-ignition. ignition with oxygen injection.
  • FIGs 4 to 6 represent another embodiment of the circuit breaker 2. More precisely, the figure 3 represents a multipole circuit breaker 100 having four poles P'1, P'2, P'3 and P'4.
  • This circuit breaker 100 is identical to the circuit breaker 2, but differs in the number of poles and the fact that the chambers 30, 40, 50 and 60 are replaced by two chambers 110 and 112.
  • the chamber 110 is common to the poles P'1 and P'2, that is to say that the gas escape windows of the respective extinguishing chambers of the poles P'1 and P'2 open both into this chamber 110.
  • each quenching chamber is in fluid communication with a single receiving chamber 110, 112.
  • the chambers 110 and 112 are identical. Also, only the chamber 110 is described in detail in the following.
  • the chamber 110 comprises a gas escape opening 132 provided with a downstream filtering device 134.
  • the opening 132 and the device 134 fulfill the same function, respectively, as the opening 32 and the device 34.
  • the device 134 comprises a one-piece porous screen, similar to the one-piece screen described with reference to the device 34.
  • the device 134 extends in a plane orthogonal to the plane in which the device 22 extends. diverting the cutoff gases outside the circuit breaker 100 to a peripheral zone of the circuit breaker 100, preferably away from the connection terminals of the circuit breaker, to avoid any short-circuit by looping the current through the cut-off gas rejected.
  • the chamber 110 is delimited by a cover 136, similar to the cover 36 of the circuit breaker 2, which covers here the entire surface of the exhaust windows of the arc extinction chambers associated with the poles P'1 and P'2.
  • the chamber 110 here has a volume of between 1000 cm 3 and 3000 cm 3 .
  • the chamber 110 has a volume of between 0.1 times and 0.5 times the sum of the respective volumes of the compartments C respectively associated with the poles P'1, P'2 for which the chamber 110 is common.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageous for circuit breakers with less demanding performance.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of reducing the number of downstream filtration devices required but has the disadvantage that the pressure that can withstand the chamber 110 or 112 is reduced, for example less than or equal to three bars or five bars.
  • the poles P'1 and P'2 must have the same polarity to avoid a short circuit by looping the current in the chamber 110. The same applies to the poles P'3 and P'4. Poles P'1 and P'2 are here connected in series with each other and correspond to the same polarity or the same phase.
  • the circuit breaker may have a different number of poles.
  • the poles can be configured differently.
  • the chamber 112 can be replaced by two independent gas reception chambers, for example similar to the chambers 30 and 40, to isolate the cutoff gas leaving the corresponding poles.
  • Poles P'1 and P'2 are here connected in series with each other and correspond to the same polarity or the same phase.
  • the device 34 may comprise a different number of porous screen, for example between one and twenty, preferably between five and ten.
  • the values of temperature, pressure and / or electrical conductivity may be different, in particular because they depend on the operating conditions, such as the value of the current and / or the voltage between the pads 10 and 12, at the time of the formation of the electric arc.
  • the circuit breakers 2 and 100 can be used with alternating currents, for example three-phase alternating currents.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Mehrpoliger Schutzschalter (2), der eine Mehrzahl von Polen (P1, P2, P3, P4; P'1, P'2, P'3, P'4) und ein Gehäuse (B) aufweist, in dem in getrennten Kammern (C) für jeden Pol des Schutzschalters angeordnet sind:
    - ein Eingangsanschluss (4) und ein Ausgangsanschluss (6),
    - zwei elektrische Kontaktstücke (10, 12), die jeweils an den Eingangsanschluss (4) und den Ausgangsanschluss (6) dieses Pols angeschlossen sind und bewegbar sind zwischen:
    - einer geschlossenen Stellung, in der sie in direktem Kontakt miteinander sind, und
    - einer Offenstellung, in der sie voneinander entfernt sind,
    - eine erste Lichtbogenlöschkammer (8), in der die zwei elektrischen Kontaktstücke angeordnet sind und deren eine Wand ein erstes Fenster (20) für das Austreten von Gas, das in einer stromaufwärts gelegenen Vorrichtung (22) zum Filtern der Gase vorgesehen ist, aufweist,
    wobei der Schutzschalter (2) eine erste Kammer (30; 110) zur Aufnahme der Gase in Verbindung mit der ersten Lichtbogenlöschkammer (8) durch das erste Austrittsfenster aufweist und eine erste Öffnung (32; 132) für den Auslass der Gase in Bezug auf das Gehäuse nach außen aufweist, die mit einer ersten stromabwärts gelegenen Filtervorrichtung (34; 134) versehen ist,
    - wobei der Schutzschalter umfasst
    außerdem mindestens eine zweite Kammer (40, 50, 60; 112) zur Aufnahme der Gase in Verbindung mit mindestens einer zweiten Lichtbogenlöschkammer eines anderen Pols des Schutzschalters durch ein zweites Fenster für den Austritt der Gase dieser zweiten Lichtbogenlöschkammer aufweist, das selbst mit einer zweiten stromaufwärts gelegenen Vorrichtung zum Filtern der Gase ausgerüstet ist,
    - die zweite Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase eine zweite Öffnung für den Auslass der Gase in Bezug auf das Gehäuse nach außen aufweist, die mit einer zweiten stromabwärts gelegenen Filtervorrichtung versehen ist,
    - und die erste Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase und die zweite Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase fluidmäßig durch eine dichte Wand voneinander getrennt sind.
  2. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schutzschalter eine Kammer (30, 40, 50, 60) zur Aufnahme der Gase für jeden Pol (P1, P2, P3, P4) aufweist, wobei diese Kammern zur Aufnahme der Gase voneinander getrennt sind und fluidmäßig durch dichte Wände getrennt sind, wobei jede dieser Aufnahmekammern fluidmäßig mit der einzigen Lichtbogenlöschkammer (8) des korrespondierenden Pols und durch das korrespondierende Fenster für den Austritt der Gase verbunden ist und eine Öffnung (32, 32', 32", 32'") für den Auslass der Gase in Bezug auf das Gehäuse nach außen aufweist, die mit einer stromabwärts liegenden Vorrichtung (34, 34', 34", 34'") zum Filtern der Gase versehen ist, wobei diese Öffnung für den Auslass der Gase unterschiedlich zu den Öffnungen für den Auslass der Gase der anderen Kammern zur Aufnahme der Gase des Schutzschalters ist.
  3. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stromabwärts liegende Vorrichtung (34, 34', 34") zum Filtern der Gase jeder der Kammern zur Aufnahme der Gase getrennt zur stromabwärts gelegenen Vorrichtung zum Filtern der Gase jeweils der anderen Kammern zur Aufnahme der Gase des Schutzschalters ist.
  4. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    - jede Kammer (110, 112) zur Aufnahme der Gase fluidmäßig mit höchstens zwei Lichtbogenlöschkammern durch ihre jeweiligen Fenster zum Austritt der Gase verbunden ist,
    - die jeweiligen Pole (P'1, P'2, P'3, P'4) entsprechend zwei Lichtbogenlöschkammern, die in Fluidverbindung mit einer selben gemeinsamen Kammer (110, 112) zur Aufnahme der Gase sind, elektrisch untereinander in Reihe geschaltet sind,
    - die stromabwärts gelegene Vorrichtung (134) zum Filtern der Gase jeder der Kammern zur Aufnahme der Gase sich in einer Ebene orthogonal zur Ebene erstreckt, in der sich die stromaufwärts gelegene Vorrichtung zum Filtern der Gase der Lichtbogenlöschkammer erstreckt, mit der sie in Fluidverbindung ist.
  5. Schutzschalter nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die stromabwärts liegende Vorrichtung (34, 34', 34", 34'"; 134) zum Filtern der Gase einen Stapel einer Mehrzahl von Schichten von Ripsgeweben mit unterschiedlichen Öffnungsabmessungen aufweist, wobei diese Schichten von Ripsgeweben so in dem Stapel angeordnet sind, dass sie abnehmende Öffnungsabmessungen aufweisen, wobei die Schichten, die zu der Seite der Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase angeordnet sind, eine Öffnungsabmessung aufweisen, die größer ist als die Öffnungsabmessung der Gewebeschichten des Stapels, die in Bezug auf den Schutzschalter nach außen angeordnet sind.
  6. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schichten des Stapels der stromabwärts gelegenen Filtervorrichtung (34, 34', 34", 34'"; 134) eine Öffnungsabmessung aufweisen, die zwischen 100 µm und 500 µm liegt, wobei die Öffnungsabmessung als dem hydraulischen Durchmesser der Öffnung einer Masche des Gewebes dieser Schicht entsprechend definiert ist.
  7. Schutzschalter nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase eine Haube (36; 136) aufweist, die an die Lichtbogenlöschkammer(n) angesetzt ist, mit der bzw. denen diese Aufnahmekammer in Fluidverbindung ist, wobei das entsprechende oder die entsprechenden Fenster für den Austritt der Gase bedeckt sind, wobei diese Haube ohne Freiheitsgrad durch Befestigungselemente fest mit dem Gehäuse verbunden gehalten wird.
  8. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schutzschalter (2) für jede Kammer zur Aufnahme der Gase ein Dichtungselement (38) aufweist, das zwischen der Haube (36) und dem Gehäuse (B) angeordnet ist.
  9. Schutzschalter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dichtungselement (38) eine Flachdichtung ist, die unter Druck zwischen der Haube (36) und dem Gehäuse (B) montiert ist.
EP16203077.9A 2015-12-10 2016-12-09 Multipolarer schutzschalter mit unterbrechung in der luft, der eine verbesserte filtervorrichtung für das unterbrechungsgas umfasst Active EP3179497B1 (de)

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FR1562144A FR3045205B1 (fr) 2015-12-10 2015-12-10 Disjoncteur multipolaire a coupure dans l'air comportant un dispositif de filtrage du gaz de coupure ameliore

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FR3098008A1 (fr) * 2019-06-26 2021-01-01 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Appareil électrique de commutation comportant un dispositif de filtrage
FR3105566B1 (fr) * 2019-12-18 2022-04-08 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Système de protection électrique multipolaire et installation électrique comprenant un tel système
KR102349756B1 (ko) * 2020-03-03 2022-01-11 엘에스일렉트릭(주) 아크 소호 조립체 및 이를 구비하는 차단기
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CN217158072U (zh) * 2022-01-29 2022-08-09 伊顿电气有限公司 断路器
FR3141796A1 (fr) 2022-11-08 2024-05-10 Safran Electrical & Power Contacteur électrique à recirculation des gaz ionisés

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CN106876197B (zh) 2019-11-15
EP3179497A1 (de) 2017-06-14
FR3045205A1 (fr) 2017-06-16
US10020144B2 (en) 2018-07-10
CN106876197A (zh) 2017-06-20
FR3045205B1 (fr) 2018-01-26
US20170169972A1 (en) 2017-06-15

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