EP3176347B1 - Shuttering panel for concrete formworks - Google Patents

Description

• Eine im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff bestehende Tragstruktur, die mindestens eine Doppelwand aufweist, deren zwei Teilwände an der Rückseite der Tragstruktur miteinander verbunden sind; und
• eine gesonderte Schalhaut, die von einem einzigen Schalhautelement im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff oder von mehreren Schalhautelementen jeweils im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff gebildet ist;
• wobei die Schalhaut lösbar mit der Tragstruktur verbunden ist,
• dadurch gekennzeichnet,
• dass die Tragstruktur im wesentlichen als Gitterrost mit Öffnungen, die sowohl zur Vorderseite der Tragstruktur hin als auch zur Rückseite der Tragstruktur hin offen sind, ausgebildet ist, wobei die Vorderseite der Tragstruktur der Schalhaut zugewandt, und die Rückseite der Tragstruktur der Schalhaut abgewandt ist,
• und dass die mindestens eine Doppelwand an der Vorderseite der Tragstruktur offen ist, wobei die zwei Teilwände der Doppelwand an der Rückseite deTragstruktur im wesentlichen durchgängig durch einen Materialbereich oder abschnittsweise durch Materialbereiche miteinander verbunden sind, so dass sich mit dem durchgängigen Materialbereich oder bei den Materialbereich-Abschnitten ein U-förmiger oder ein Hut-förmiger Querschnitt der Doppelwand ergibt.

The invention relates to a formwork panel for concrete formwork, which comprises:

• A support structure consisting essentially of plastic, which has at least one double wall, the two partial walls of which are connected to one another at the rear of the support structure; and
• a separate formlining, which is formed from a single formwork element essentially made of plastic or from several formwork elements each essentially made of plastic;
• the formlining being releasably connected to the supporting structure,
• characterized,
• that the support structure is essentially designed as a grating with openings that are open both to the front of the support structure and to the back of the support structure, the front facing the support structure of the formwork skin and the back of the support structure facing away from the formwork skin,
• and that the at least one double wall on the front side of the support structure is open, the two partial walls of the double wall on the rear side of the support structure being connected to one another essentially continuously by a material area or in sections by material areas, so that the continuous material area or the material area Sections result in a U-shaped or a hat-shaped cross section of the double wall.

• Eine im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff bestehende Tragstruktur, die mindestens eine Doppelwand aufweist, deren zwei Teilwände an der Rückseite der Tragstruktur miteinander verbunden sind; und
• eine gesonderte Schalhaut, die von einem einzigen Schalhautelement im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff oder von mehreren Schalhautelementen jeweils im Wesentlichen aus Kunststoff gebildet ist;
• wobei die Schalhaut lösbar mit der Tragstruktur verbunden ist,
• dadurch gekennzeichnet,
• dass die Tragstruktur - hierbei ausgenommen eine Ausbildung im wesentlichen als Gitterrost - mehrere, von der Tragstruktur-Vorderseite zu der Tragstruktur-Rückseite durchgehende Öffnungen aufweist, die in Draufsicht jeweils eine Flächengröße von mindestens 25 Quadratzentimeter haben, wobei die Vorderseite der Tragstruktur der Schalhaut zugewandt, und die Rückseite der Tragstruktur der Schalhaut abgewandt ist,
• und dass die mindestens eine Doppelwand an der Vorderseite der Tragstruktur offen ist, wobei die zwei Teilwände der Doppelwand an der Rückseite deTragstruktur im wesentlichen durchgängig durch einen Materialbereich oder abschnittsweise durch Materialbereiche miteinander verbunden sind, so dass sich mit dem durchgängigen Materialbereich oder bei den Materialbereich-Abschnitten ein U-förmiger oder ein Hut-förmiger Querschnitt der Doppelwand ergibt.

Another object of the invention is a formwork panel for concrete formwork, which comprises:

• A support structure consisting essentially of plastic, which has at least one double wall, the two partial walls of which are connected to one another at the rear of the support structure; and
• a separate formlining, which is formed from a single formwork element essentially made of plastic or from several formwork elements each essentially made of plastic;
• the formlining being releasably connected to the supporting structure,
• characterized,
• that the support structure - except for an embodiment essentially as a grating - has a plurality of openings which extend from the front of the support structure to the rear of the support structure and each have a surface area in plan view of at least 25 square centimeters, with the front facing the support structure of the formlining and the back facing away from the support structure of the formlining,
• and that the at least one double wall on the front side of the support structure is open, the two partial walls of the double wall on the rear side of the support structure being connected to one another essentially continuously by a material area or in sections by material areas, so that the continuous material area or the material area Sections result in a U-shaped or a hat-shaped cross section of the double wall.

The support structure can be a uniform molded plastic part. The single or the respective formlining element can be a uniform plastic molded part. Formwork panels for concreting formwork are known in many designs. It makes sense to differentiate between the categories "monolithic formwork panels" and "composite formwork panels". Monolithic formwork panels are uniform structures made of the same material throughout. So you know e.g. monolithic formwork panels made of aluminum, monolithic formwork formwork panels, and monolithic formwork panels made of a welded steel structure.

Composite formwork panels usually consist of a support grate (frame) and a formwork skin that is attached to the support grate on one side of the support grate. The support grid is the load-bearing component of the formwork panel, support grates made of wooden beams, steel beams or aluminum beams being known. The formlining is generally shorter-lived than the carrier grating and is replaced after a certain number of times the formwork panel has been used, in particular due to wear, damage or fatigue. It is common to fasten the formlining to the support grate using screws or rivets. In known composite formwork panels, the formwork skin usually consists of multilayer plywood; but one also knows formwork skins that are designed as a composite construction of plywood layers / plastic layer or aluminum layer / plastic layers or glass fiber mats / plastic layers.

A formwork panel for concreting formwork with the features that appear before the words "characterized" in the first paragraph of the description and in the second paragraph of the description is in the case of a formwork skin made from a single formwork element from the JP H07 171886 A known. The known formwork panel has a double-shell support structure made of plastic and a double-shell formwork skin made of plastic. The formwork facing has the front structure Shell the shape of a flat plate. In the case of the rear shell, cup-shaped, essentially square deformations were produced during production, starting from a flat plate, the cup bases being welded to the front shell. Between adjacent cells there is a double-wall-like plastic area that is closed on the back and merges into the adjacent cell bases on the front. Thus, the support structure is a continuous structure, and because of the described production from two shells, the spaces that are located between the two walls of the double-wall-like material areas are closed on the front by the front shell.

From the US 4 150 808 A a formwork panel for concrete formwork is known, which is composed of a supporting structure made of plastic and a formwork skin made of plastic. The supporting structure has a large number of square recesses on the formwork facing side, which are filled with heat-insulating foam material and are closed off at the back by a continuous plate.

From the KR 2004 0021388 A a formwork panel for concrete formwork is known, which is composed of a supporting structure and a formwork skin. The supporting structure has edge walls and partitions, these walls having hollow spaces which extend along the wall and are closed all around, in which metal reinforcements are provided. Apart from the metal reinforcements, the supporting structure is made of plastic.

From the EP 1 538 277 A2 a formwork panel for concrete formwork made of plastic is known. This formwork panel is a one-piece product in which a plate-shaped area forming the shape of the concrete on the front side has edge ribs and intermediate ribs on its rear side. These ribs are designed as double walls, which are integral with the plate-shaped region and at the rear rib end have no connections that seal the space between the two walls to the outside.

From the JP H07 171886 A a formwork panel with the features of the introductory parts of claims 1 and 2 is known.

In the composite formwork panel according to the invention, both the support structure consists essentially of plastic and the only formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements each essentially made of plastic. The supporting structure can consist entirely of plastic. The single formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements can consist entirely of plastic. With the supporting structure it is good to use fiber-reinforced plastic to be used, with "short fibers", ie in the terms used in this application fibers with an average length of less than or equal to 1 mm, or with "long fibers", ie in the terms used in this application fibers with an average length of more than 1 mm ( Fibers with an average length of several millimeters are quite possible) can be worked. In the case of the single formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements, it is good to use plastic which is reinforced by means of "short fibers" and / or mineral particles, for example calcium carbonate, talc, or other known particles. Other reinforcing agents can also be used for both the supporting structure and the formlining.

The term "separately" in the first paragraph of the description is intended to express that the supporting structure and the single formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements have each been manufactured for themselves and have subsequently been joined together to form the formwork panel. The explanations below will show even more clearly that, due to the separate manufacture of the support structure, ways of designing this area of the formwork panel are opened, which can be used to represent a support structure and thus, overall, a formwork panel that has a much higher strength than e.g. a monolithic plastic formwork panel.

The term "releasable" used in the first paragraph of the description (one could alternatively also define it as "removable") means that a type of connection is used which makes it possible to remove the single formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements from the supporting structure. Removal should preferably be possible with little effort. Preferably, the support structure freed from the formwork skin should be able to continue to be used by attaching a new single formwork skin element or several new formwork skin elements to it. The single formwork skin element removed from the support structure or the multiple formwork skin elements each removed from the support structure can be easily recycled, since they are at least essentially of the same material.

The formwork panel according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the front of the formwork skin, ie the formwork skin surface that comes into contact with the pulpy concrete when the formwork panel is used, is free from the presence of formwork panel components that have to do with the connection of the formwork skin with the supporting structure. If such formwork components at the front of the Formwork skin would be present, they would appear in the finished concrete, which one would like to avoid with the formwork panel according to the invention. In other words, the formwork skin is advantageously connected to the supporting structure only on the rear side of the formwork skin. If you e.g. B. uses screws to connect the formlining to the support structure, it is good to make the training so that the screws are screwed in from the back of the panel.

The expression "essentially made of plastic" used in three places in the first paragraph of the description was chosen to avoid the risk that - compared to the total volume of the supporting structure or the formlining - the very subordinate use of other materials, eg cast into the plastic Metal pins or metal reinforcement corners, could cause such switchboards to fall outside the scope of claim 1.

As already mentioned above, the formlining of a formwork panel is subject to aging. There is wear when pouring or pouring concrete slurry and when stripping the solidified concrete; there is a certain fatigue of the material due to the changing load (load due to the concrete pressure / relief when stripping); and when transporting to the construction site, during transport on the construction site, when handling, etc., experience has shown that damage occurs again and again. Therefore, the formlining must be replaced after a certain number of uses of the formwork panel, and due to the construction of the formwork panel according to the invention, this is particularly easy.

1. (1) Wenn man sich eine Gewichtsgrenze von 25 kg für die Schaltafel setzt, damit sie problemlos von Hand versetzt werden kann, sind dennoch hinreichend große Schaltafeln darstellbar, um Schalungen rationell aufbauen und abbauen zu können.
2. (2) Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltafel kann für einen Betondruck bis 40 kN/m² ausgelegt werden, bei mehr Materialeinsatz auch für einen Betondruck bis 50 kN/m² oder bis 60 kN/m². Die Schaltafel kann so ausgelegt werden, dass sie sich unter dem maximalen Auslegungs-Betondruck nicht stärker durchbiegt als nach DIN 18202 zugelassen, die nach Ebenheitsklassen für unterschiedliche Betonerzeugnisse unterscheidet. Eine nur kleine Durchbiegung der Schaltafel stellt sicher, dass ein möglichst ebenes Betonbild am Gesamt-Betonerzeugnis erreicht wird.
3. (3) Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel kann die Kunststoff-Schalhaut abriebfest, kratzfest und schlagfest ausgebildet sein. Es gibt keine Probleme mit der Wasseraufnahme. Die Schalhaut löst sich beim Ausschalen leicht vom Beton.
4. (4) Die erfindungsgemäße Schaltafel hat optimale Voraussetzungen dafür, dass benachbarte Schaltafeln mit ausreichend fluchtenden Vorderseiten in gemeinsamer Ebene und guter dicht-an-dichter Positionierung (wenig Durchtritt von Betonschlempe) angeordnet werden können.
5. (5) Kunststoff ist preisgünstiger und einfacher zu verarbeiten und dauerhafter als viele andere Materialien.
6. (6) Auf die einfache Austauschbarkeit der Schalhaut und das Nichtsichtbarsein von Abdrücken von Teilen von Verbindungselementen Schalhaut/Tragstruktur ist weiter oben bereits hingewiesen worden.

The formwork panel according to the invention provides a significant number of advantages in combination:

1. (1) If you set a weight limit of 25 kg for the formwork panel so that it can be easily moved by hand, enough large formwork panels can still be displayed to enable formwork to be erected and dismantled efficiently.
2. (2) The formwork panel according to the invention can be designed for a concrete pressure up to 40 kN / m ² , with more material also for a concrete pressure up to 50 kN / m ² or up to 60 kN / m ² . The formwork panel can be designed so that it does not bend under the maximum design concrete pressure as permitted according to DIN 18202, which is based on flatness classes for different concrete products different. A small deflection of the formwork panel ensures that the concrete picture is as flat as possible on the overall concrete product.
3. (3) In the formwork panel according to the invention, the plastic formlining can be designed to be wear-resistant, scratch-resistant and impact-resistant. There are no problems with water intake. The formwork skin easily detaches from the concrete when stripping.
4. (4) The formwork panel according to the invention has the optimal prerequisites for arranging neighboring formwork panels with sufficiently aligned front sides in a common plane and good close-to-tight positioning (little passage of concrete slurry).
5. (5) Plastic is cheaper and easier to process and more durable than many other materials.
6. (6) The simple interchangeability of the formlining and the invisibility of impressions of parts of the connection elements of the formlining / supporting structure have already been mentioned above.

For the production of the supporting structure and / or the formwork skin elements of the formwork panel according to the invention, a plastic injection molding or a plastic pressure molding ("compression molding"; introduction of plastic granules or also of plate-like preliminary products or of so-called preforms into a divided mold, heating the mold) for melting the plastic or for thermally curing the plastic, cooling the mold to allow thermoplastic material to solidify).

The supporting structure is a component with a comparatively complicated shape. It is particularly favorable to design the support structure as an essentially or entirely integral injection molded component made of plastic. The exemplary embodiments described below will make it even clearer that it is possible, particularly in the case of an injection molded component, to achieve a shape of the support structure which is favorable for the load absorption, the durability and for the appearance of the support structure. It is expressly pointed out that it can be determined on the finished component if it is an injection molded component, in particular on the relatively small wall thicknesses, the relatively small radii, the finely modeled shape, the sprues etc. The support structure can be an injection molded component whose shape can be concluded that it was actually injection molded.

Alternatively, it is favorable if the supporting structure is - essentially or entirely - an integral die-cast component made of plastic. The supporting structure can be a die-cast component, in which one can conclude from the shape that it was produced by plastic die-casting.

It is favorable if at least one formwork skin element is present which - essentially or entirely - is an integral injection molded component made of plastic. This formlining element can be a component whose shape can be used to conclude that it was produced by injection molding. The formwork skin element or the formwork skin elements are components which generally have a less complicated shape than the supporting structure.

Furthermore, it is alternatively favorable if at least one formwork skin element is present which - essentially or entirely - is an integral die-cast component made of plastic. This formlining element can be a component in which it can be concluded from the shape that it was produced by die-casting plastic.

Often the formwork skin element in question is essentially plate-like with molded projections for specific purposes, as will be explained in more detail below, but can have its own stiffening ribs to reduce local formwork skin deflection.

1. (1) Die Tragstruktur kann ein integrales Gebilde sein, das Wände aufweist, wobei mindestens eine der Wände eine Doppelwand in der in den Ansprüchen definierten Ausbildung ist. Alternativ kann die Tragstruktur ein integrales Gebilde sein, das mindestens im Wesentlichen aus Wänden besteht, wobei mindestens eine der Wände eine Doppelwand in der in den Ansprüchen definierten Ausbildung ist. Wenn man die Schaltafel betrachtet, welche die Tragstruktur und damit verbunden das mindestens eine Schalhautelement beinhaltet, können die Wände eine rechtwinklig zu der Schalhautvorderseite verlaufende "Höhenerstreckung" und eine entlang der Schalhautrückseite verlaufende "Längserstreckung" und eine rechtwinklig zu ihrer "Längserstreckung"
   gemessene Wanddicke haben. Die rechtwinklig zu der Schalhautvorderseite gemessene Wandhöhe kann, muss aber nicht, überall gleich sein. Die Längserstreckung kann unter Anderem geradlinig, abschnittsweise geradlinig mit Abwinklungen dazwischen, durchgehend gekrümmt, oder abschnittsweise gekrümmt verlaufen. Das Wände aufweisende oder mindestens im Wesentlichen aus Wänden bestehende Gebilde kann vier Randwände (das sind die den vier Rändern der Schaltafel am nächsten benachbarten Wände) sowie eine oder mehrere Zwischenwände, die den Rändern der Schaltafel weniger nah benachbart sind, aufweisen. Außer den Wänden kann die Tragstruktur weitere Materialbereiche aufweisen, insbesondere plattenartige, an der Rückseite der Tragstruktur verlaufende Materialbereiche.
2. (2) Die Tragstruktur weist eine Doppelwand oder mehrere Doppelwände auf, deren zwei (Teil-)Wände an der Rückseite (das ist die von der Schalhaut entferntere Seite) der Tragstruktur (jeweils) entweder mindestens im Wesentlichen über die Länge der Doppelwand durchgängig durch einen Materialbereich oder abschnittsweise durch einzelne Materialbereiche miteinander verbunden sind. Die Tragstruktur kann zum überwiegenden Teil aus derartigen Doppelwänden bestehen, oder insgesamt mindestens im Wesentlichen aus derartigen Doppelwänden bestehen. Die Ausführungen im vorhergehenden Absatz (1) zu der Wand-Höhenerstreckung, der Wandhöhe, der Wand-Längserstreckung und der Wanddicke gelten sinngemäß auch für jede der betreffenden zwei Teil-Wände und für die betreffende Doppelwand. Die Ausdrucksweise "mindestens im Wesentlichen durchgängig" soll bedeuten, dass kleinere Unterbrechungen, z.B. für von der Vorderseite zu der Rückseite der Tragstruktur durchgehende Kanäle für den Durchtritt von Spannankern oder für den Durchtritt von mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln für die Tragstruktur/Schalhaut-Verbindung, nichts daran ändern, dass eine "im wesentlichen durchgängige" Verbindung zwischen den zwei Teil-Wänden der betreffenden Doppel-Wand gegeben ist. Die angesprochenen Doppelwände haben - im Querschnitt der betreffenden Doppelwand gesehen - eine mindestens im Wesentlichen U-förmige Gestalt oder eine weiter unten noch genauer zu beschreibende, im Wesentlichen Hut-förmige Gestalt, wodurch sich ein besonders günstiges Tragverhalten der Tragstruktur erzielen lässt. An der Vorderseite der Tragstruktur sind diese Doppelwände offen, so dass sich eine gute Herstellbarkeit ergibt. - Die in Absatz (2) offenbarte Ausbildung kann mit einem oder mehreren der in Absatz (1) offenbarten Merkmale im Rahmen der Erfindung, wie durch die Ansprüche definiert, kombiniert sein. Insbesondere wird dabei die Ausbildung mit vier Randwänden und einer oder mehreren Zwischenwänden genannt, wobei entweder eine Teilanzahl der Gesamtheit von Randwänden und Zwischenwand bzw. Zwischenwänden, oder nur eine Teilanzahl der Randwände, oder alle Randwände, und/oder nur eine Teilanzahl der Zwischenwände oder alle Zwischenwände, oder alle Wände der Gesamtheit von Randwänden und Zwischenwand bzw. Zwischenwänden als Doppelwand bzw. Doppelwände der beschriebenen Art ausgebildet sein kann bzw. können.
3. (3) Die Tragstruktur der im zweiten Absatz der Beschreibung angesprochenen Schaltafel ist so ausgebildet, dass sie mehrere, von ihrer Vorderseite zu ihrer Rückseite durchgehende Öffnung besitzt. Dieses Merkmal schließt Tragstrukturen aus, die an ihrer Rückseite durchgehend plattenartig gestaltet sind. Günstigerweise sieht man die mehreren Öffnungen in für die Stabilität der Tragstruktur bzw. der Schaltafel sinnvoller Verteilung über die Gesamt-Draufsichtsfläche der Tragstruktur vor (wobei die Verteilung einigermaßen gleichmäßig sein kann, aber nicht sein muss), insbesondere mehr als 5 Öffnungen oder mehr als 10 Öffnungen oder mehr als 20 Öffnungen. Die Öffnungen verbessern das Verhältnis zwischen Lastaufnahmefähigkeit und Gewicht der Tragstruktur. Bei den mehreren Öffnungen kann die Summe der Flächengrößen der Öffnungen mehr als 40%, besser mehr als 50%, der Gesamt-Draufsichtsfläche der Tragstruktur betragen. Die genannten Öffnungen haben jeweils günstigerweise eine Flächengröße in Draufsicht, die mindestens beim überwiegenden Teil der Öffnungen mehr als 25 Quadratzentimeter, besser mehr als 50 Quadratzentimeter, beträgt und damit größer ist als bei von der Tragstruktur-Vorderseite zu der Tragstruktur-Rückseite führenden Kanälen für andere Zwecke, z.B. für den Durchtritt von Spannankern oder den Durchtritt von mechanischen Verbindungsmitteln für die Tragstruktur/Schalhaut-Verbindung. Mindestens ein Teil der genannten Öffnungen kann von einer Wand, wie sie in Absatz (1) beschrieben ist oder von einer Doppelwand, wie sie in Absatz (2) beschrieben ist, teilweise oder vollständig umgeben sein. - Die in Absatz (3) offenbarte Ausbildung kann mit einem oder mehreren der in Absatz (1) offenbarten Merkmale kombiniert sein und/oder mit einem oder mehreren der in Absatz (2) offenbarten Merkmale im Rahmen der Erfindung, wie durch die Ansprüche definiert, kombiniert sein.

In the following paragraphs (1), (2) and (3) inexpensive, more concrete design options of the support structure are described:

1. (1) The supporting structure can be an integral structure which has walls, at least one of the walls being a double wall in the configuration defined in the claims. Alternatively, the supporting structure can be an integral structure which consists at least essentially of walls, at least one of the walls being a double wall in the configuration defined in the claims. If one considers the formwork panel, which contains the supporting structure and the associated at least one formwork skin element, the walls can have a "vertical extension" running at right angles to the front side of the formlining and a "longitudinal extension" running along the rear side of the formlining and one perpendicular to their "longitudinal extension"
   have measured wall thickness. The wall height measured at right angles to the front of the formlining can, but need not, be the same everywhere. The longitudinal extension can, among other things, be straight, sectionally straight with bends in between, continuously curved, or sectionally curved. The structure comprising walls or at least essentially consisting of walls can have four edge walls (these are the walls closest to the four edges of the formwork panel) and one or more intermediate walls which are less closely adjacent to the edges of the formwork panel. In addition to the walls, the support structure can have further material areas, in particular plate-like material areas running on the back of the support structure.
2. (2) The supporting structure has a double wall or a plurality of double walls, the two (partial) walls of which on the back (that is the side farther from the formlining) of the supporting structure (in each case) either at least essentially continuously through the length of the double wall Material area or are connected to each other in sections by individual material areas. The supporting structure can predominantly consist of such double walls, or overall at least essentially consist of such double walls. The statements in the previous paragraph (1) on the wall height extension, the wall height, the wall length extension and the wall thickness also apply mutatis mutandis to each of the two partial walls in question and to the double wall in question. The expression "at least essentially continuous" is intended to mean that minor interruptions, for example for channels running from the front to the rear of the support structure for the passage of tension anchors or for the passage of mechanical connecting means for the support structure / formlining connection, do not change anything that there is an "essentially continuous" connection between the two partial walls of the relevant double wall. The double walls in question have - seen in cross section of the double wall in question - an at least substantially U-shaped shape or an essentially hat-shaped shape to be described in more detail below, as a result of which a particularly favorable carrying behavior of the supporting structure can be achieved. These double walls are open at the front of the support structure, so that they can be easily manufactured. - The training disclosed in paragraph (2) may be combined with one or more of the features disclosed in paragraph (1) within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In particular, the design with four edge walls and one or more partition walls is mentioned, with either a partial number of the totality of edge walls and partition wall or partition walls, or only a partial number of the peripheral walls, or all peripheral walls, and / or only a partial number of the intermediate walls or all intermediate walls, or all walls of the totality of peripheral walls and intermediate wall or intermediate walls can or may be designed as a double wall or double walls of the type described.
3. (3) The supporting structure of the formwork panel mentioned in the second paragraph of the description is designed in such a way that it has a plurality of openings which extend from its front to its rear. This feature excludes support structures that are designed continuously plate-like on the back. The multiple openings are expediently provided in a distribution which is sensible for the stability of the support structure or the formwork panel over the overall top view surface of the support structure (the distribution may be reasonably uniform, but need not be), in particular more than 5 openings or more than 10 Openings or more than 20 openings. The openings improve the relationship between load carrying capacity and weight of the supporting structure. In the case of the plurality of openings, the sum of the area sizes of the openings can amount to more than 40%, better more than 50%, of the total top view area of the supporting structure. The above-mentioned openings each advantageously have an area size in plan view, which is at least for the majority of the openings more than 25 square centimeters, better more than 50 square centimeters, and is therefore larger than for channels leading from the front of the supporting structure to the rear of the supporting structure for others Purposes, for example for the passage of tension anchors or the passage of mechanical connecting means for the supporting structure / formlining connection. At least some of the openings mentioned can be partially or completely surrounded by a wall as described in paragraph (1) or by a double wall as described in paragraph (2). - The training disclosed in paragraph (3) can be combined with one or more of the features disclosed in paragraph (1) and / or with one or more of the features disclosed in paragraph (2) within the scope of the invention, as defined by the claims, be combined.

The formwork panel mentioned in the first paragraph of the description has a support structure which is essentially designed as a grating. A grating design creates optimal conditions for supporting the formwork skin at comparatively small "support intervals" through the supporting structure, so that the Formwork skin can be dimensioned comparatively thin with sufficient load-bearing capacity. It is favorable if the support spacings are smaller than 25 cm, better smaller than 20 cm, and even better smaller than 15 cm everywhere. In the case of a particularly favorable design, the walls, that is to say four edge walls and a considerable number of partitions, are at least partially (advantageously all) designed as double walls. It can be provided for at least part of the double walls (favorably for all double walls) of the partition walls that their two (partial) walls on the back (that is the side farther from the formlining) of the support structure are each connected by material areas, so that - seen in cross-section of the double wall in question - results in a U-shaped shape or a hat-shaped shape to be described in more detail below, as a result of which a particularly favorable carrying behavior of the supporting structure can be achieved. At the front of the support structure, these double walls can be open, so that there is good manufacturability.

In the case of the intermediate double walls, the aforementioned connection of the two partial walls can be carried out in such a way that, apart from the channels perpendicular to the front of the panel, which may be described further below, the spacing spaces between the two partial walls on the rear of the panel are completely closed off to the outside by the material areas. In the case of the double edge walls, it is possible - for reasons which will become clearer below - to connect the two partial walls in each case by means of a series of spaced "connecting bridges" both on the front side and on the rear side of the supporting structure.

In the more specific configurations which have been disclosed in paragraphs (1) to (3) above, it is possible that the supporting structure is not essentially designed as a grating, that is to say essentially as a grating by means of an explicitly disclosed here Disclaimers is excluded.

Particularly favorable ways in which the formwork skin (ie the single formwork skin element or the multiple formwork skin elements in each case) can be connected to the supporting structure in the invention are: by means of screws and / or rivets and / or clip connections and / or melted widenings on molded connecting pins and / or releasable adhesive connection (s). The term "clips connections" includes connections with resilient tongues, of which areas snap behind counter elements, in technical jargon also snap-fit mentioned, as well as connections with turned out areas (cheap: only slightly turned out), which are pressed in in turned in opposite areas (cheap: only slightly turned in); see also the exemplary embodiments. The average person skilled in the art knows how to connect two plastic parts to one another using a detachable adhesive connection. To loosen the adhesive connection, there is, for example, the possibility of working with selective solvents.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if at least one formwork skin element has at least one or more molded projections, which have a function in the transmission of any tensile forces between the supporting structure and the relevant formwork skin element (and of course vice versa). In the formwork panel according to the invention, tensile forces are understood to be those forces which act at right angles to the front of the formlining. The tensile forces occur in particular when the formwork panel is pulled away from the solidified concrete of a manufactured concrete product. The tensile forces mentioned can also be force components of forces that have a different direction overall. The extension (or the extensions) can in particular be an extension for screwing in a screw. The extension (or the extensions) can, in particular, be an extension for a "turned-out area already mentioned above sitting in the turned-in area" connection.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if there is at least one formwork element at least in one or more places with a form-fitting female / male engagement with the support structure, so that any shear forces acting parallel to the formwork front face between the relevant formwork element and the supporting structure (and of course vice versa). The female / male engagement can in each case be formed by one or more extension molded onto this formlining element, which is engaged with a receptacle formed in the supporting structure. It is good if the extension in question sits essentially laterally without play in the receptacle in question.

A favorable possibility of realizing the form-fitting female / male intervention (at least in one place or in several places with at least one formlining element) is that the end region facing the formwork facing at least one wall, better several walls or all walls, which the supporting structure has, to be provided continuously or in sections with a sequence of extensions and receptacles, for example in the manner of a toothing on one Rack. In this case, in those areas where end areas of the supporting structure walls are in engagement with the formlining, at least partial sequences of projections and receptacles are provided on the back of the formlining, for example according to the type of toothing on a rack. In the engagement areas, extensions of the relevant wall of the support structure engage in receptacles of the formwork skin, and extensions of the formwork skin engage in receptacles of the relevant wall of the support structure in the manner of a mutually complementary intervention. If there is a system of walls running in several directions, in particular crossing, the shear strength of the engagement between the support structure and the formlining is not limited to only one direction (from the many possible directions parallel to the formwork facing). The walls can be double walls, in particular as described above, but can also be differently shaped walls, in particular as described above.

The addressed interlocking engagement or interlocking interventions ensures a direct transmission of thrust between the support structure and the relevant formlining element and vice versa. In other words, the form-fit engagement or the form-fit interventions unite the formwork skin element in question and the supporting structure in such a way that they are, at least largely, a jointly supporting structure. In this way, material can be saved in the supporting structure.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if there are several locations in the formwork skin element mentioned in the two preceding paragraphs, each with extension / receiving engagement, and if at least some of these engagement extensions are at the same time an extension or are extensions which which also has a function in the transmission of any tensile forces between the supporting structure and the relevant formlining element. With these double-function extensions, the function of the tensile formwork element / support structure fastening and the function of the direct transmission of shear force are present at the same location, which also improves the material balance.

On the other hand, it is also possible within the scope of the invention to provide the locations for the releasable connections between the relevant formlining element and the supporting structure and the locations for the direct shear force transmission capability at different positions, which then has the advantage that it is easier to the detachable connections from the back of the formwork panel easily accessible, which is advantageous when disassembling the formwork panel to replace the formwork skin.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if the plastic of the supporting structure has a higher strength than the plastic of the single formwork skin element or the plastic or the plastics of the multiple formwork skin elements. The supporting structure can be designed such that it provides the main part of the total strength of the formwork panel in the formwork panel, whereas the formwork skin provides only a smaller part of the overall strength. In this case, you can afford to have the at least one formlining element made of a plastic of lower strength. In the case of the plastic of the support structure, a fiber-reinforced plastic is advantageously provided, with glass fibers or carbon fibers being a particularly favorable option, and not only short fibers (less than / equal to 1 mm in length) but also longer fibers, for. B. come into consideration with a length of several millimeters. In the formwork skin element mentioned, it is expedient either to provide a fiber reinforcement with comparatively short fibers or to reinforce it with particles, in particular mineral particles such as calcium carbonate particles and talc particles. According to the invention, the focus of the formwork skin element mentioned is not maximum strength, but good surface quality for good concrete surfaces, good recyclability and a favorable price.

In the context of the invention, it is expedient if the plastic of at least one formwork skin element is selected such that the formwork skin element can be nailed. With formwork panels one has quite often the situation that one z. B. block-like parts or beam-like parts (which then mold recesses or openings, which are also called recesses, in the concrete) or formwork angle (to form an end edge of the concrete product, which is also called formwork or end formwork) to nail. The nailability mentioned at the beginning of the paragraph can be defined in such a way that a nail with a diameter of 3 mm can be driven in without any visible cracks forming around the point of impact. In this case, the nail can be pulled out again later, and the nail hole essentially closes again with concrete slurry at the next concreting job and usually remains closed. Plastics that have a lower strength than the plastic of the support structure, as described above, can be designed more easily in a nailable design. Glass fibers generally make nailing considerably more difficult.

In the context of the invention, it is expedient if the support structure on its two longitudinal sides and / or its two transverse sides is in each case wall-like, in particular in each case double-walled, with a series of wall openings, in particular wall-crossing openings. These openings can be used to reach in when handling the formwork panel and to connect adjacent formwork panels.

Said wall openings and their surroundings can be designed in such a way that mechanical coupling elements for coupling adjacent formwork panels can be connected inexpensively at these points and / or formwork accessories, such as props or formwork brackets, can be connected. With the support structure according to the invention, it is possible to provide sufficient stability at these points.

In the context of the invention, it is favorable if the formwork panel has a surface area of at least 0.8 m ² , preferably of at least 1.0 m ² . The construction according to the invention makes it possible to provide formwork panels of this size with a concrete pressure absorption capacity of up to 40 kN / m ² , or even up to 50 kN / m ² , or even up to 60 kN / m ² , without being too large Panel deflections or excessive use of material and thus excessive weight.

As plastics for the supporting structure and / or the formlining elements, one can advantageously use thermoplastic plastics in each case, but the use of thermosetting plastics is also possible.

In the foregoing, the phrase "at least one formlining element" has been used in several places. In the case of formwork from a single formwork element, this means this single formwork element, whereas in the case that the formwork is formed from several formwork elements, it should be stated that at least one of these several formwork elements is designed as indicated. However, it is particularly favorable if several or all of the existing formlining elements of the formwork panel are designed accordingly. This applies individually to each of the places where the expression "at least one formlining element" is used. Overall, the case in which the formwork skin is formed from a single formwork skin element is the cheapest.

It is a very great advantage of the formwork panel according to the invention that it can be designed in such a way that one and the same formwork panel can either be used to construct a wall formwork or to construct a ceiling formwork. The term "wall formwork" in this application also includes formwork for columns.

Another object of the invention is a concreting wall formwork which has a plurality of coupled formwork panels according to the invention. "Coupled" means "adjoining one another horizontally at the coupling point concerned" and / or means "adjoining one another in the vertical direction at the coupling point concerned". Coupling elements can be used for the coupling, which interact with the wall openings of the formwork panels mentioned above. The coupling elements can each have a shape that is similar to a door handle with an integrally molded shaft area. Two flanges can be provided on the shaft area. The coupling elements can be designed such that they are brought into coupling engagement or out of coupling engagement by pivoting movement about the central axis of the shaft region. The coupling elements can have one or more more specific features, which are based on the 33 to 35 to be discribed. A coupling element or several coupling elements can be used along the zone in which two adjacent formwork panels are in contact with one another.

Favorable materials for the coupling element are metal and plastic.

In the case of the wall formwork according to the invention, posts can be provided at corners of the wall to be produced, with which formwork panels are coupled “over a corner”. This applies both inside and outside on the wall corner or column corner to be produced. The post in question can in particular have a rectangular (longer than wide) or square horizontal cross section.

Another object of the invention is a concreting slab formwork, in which several formwork panels according to the invention for forming a larger slab formwork area in spatial proximity are supported on a support structure (which can also be a conventionally designed support structure). The support structure can be designed such that the relevant formwork panels are each supported on at least one slab formwork support and / or at least one formwork panel support, which formwork support in turn supported on slab formwork supports and / or main slab formwork girders, which main slab formwork girders in turn are supported on slab formwork supports.

1. (a) im Fall, dass die Schalhaut von einem einzigen Schalhautelement gebildet ist, dieses Schalhautelement lösbar an der Tragstruktur befestigt wird, oder
2. (b) im Fall, dass die Schalhaut von mehreren Schalhautelementen gebildet ist, diese mehreren Schalhautelemente lösbar an der Tragstruktur befestigt werden.

Another object of the invention is a method for producing a formwork panel for concreting formwork, as disclosed in this application, characterized in that the supporting structure is injection molded or die cast from a plastic, preferably fiber-reinforced plastic; that a formwork skin element or a plurality of formwork skin elements made of a plastic, which is preferably different from the plastic of the supporting structure, is injection molded or die cast;
and that

1. (a) in the event that the formwork skin is formed by a single formwork skin element, this formwork skin element is releasably attached to the supporting structure, or
2. (b) in the event that the formwork skin is formed by a plurality of formwork skin elements, these several formwork skin elements are detachably attached to the supporting structure.

In this method, it is expedient if the single formwork skin element on its rear side or the multiple formwork skin elements each have or have a plurality of integrally formed extensions on its rear side, screws being screwed into at least a partial number of the extensions from the rear side of the supporting structure. The screws can be self-tapping screws.

Fig. 1 bis 8

eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Tragstruktur der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Tragstruktur;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Tragstruktur von Fig. 3, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Tragstruktur;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 1, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut von Fig. 5, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut der Schaltafel;

Fig. 7

einen Ausschnitt eines Schnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 1 gemäß VII-VII in Fig. 4;

Fig. 8

einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel von Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 bis 14

eine zweite Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 12

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 11 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 13

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 9, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 14

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 13, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 15

bis 18 eine dritte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 15

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 16

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 15 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 17

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 18

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 17, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 19

bis 23 eine vierte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 19

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Schaltafel, ,gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Vorderseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 20

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 21

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 22

eine teilweise geschnittene (Schnittlinie XXII-XXII in Fig. 21), perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel von Fig. 19, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel, bei einer Zwischenphase des Zusammenbaus von Tragstruktur und Schalhaut;

Fig. 23

eine teilweise geschnittene Darstellung wie in Fig. 22, aber nach Vollendung des Zusammenbaus;

Fig. 24

bis 28 eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 24

eine perspektivische Darstellung der Schalhaut der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schalhaut;

Fig. 25

einen Ausschnitt der Darstellung von Fig. 24 in größerem Maßstab;

Fig. 26

eine teilweise geschnittene, perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen schräg auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 27

einen Ausschnitt eines Schnitts der Schaltafel längs XXVII-XXVII n Fig. 24;

Fig. 28

einen Ausschnitt einer Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 29

eine sechste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 30

eine siebte und eine achte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts der Schaltafel, gesehen auf die dem Betrachter zugewandte Rückseite der Schaltafel;

Fig. 31

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts einer Betonierungs-Wandschalung, die mehrere erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln enthält, gesehen von schräg-oben auf die Wandschalung;

Fig. 32

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Ausschnitts einer BetonierungsDeckenschalung, die mehrere erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln enthält, gesehen von schräg-oben auf die Deckenschalung;

Fig. 33

ein Kopplungselement für erfindungsgemäße Schaltafeln, und zwar (a) und (b) perspektivische Darstellungen und (c) Seitenansicht;

Fig. 34

zwei Kopplungselemente von Fig. 33, in zwei unterschiedlichen Zuständen während des Einbauens an einem Paar von erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafeln, in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 35

ein Kopplungselement von Fig. 33 und 34, im fertig eingebauten Zustand an einem Paar von erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafeln, in perspektivischer Darstellung;

Fig. 36

bis 38 eine neunte Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen sowie eine Abwandlung dieser neunten Ausführungsform, dabei im Einzelnen:

Fig. 36

eine schematisierte Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel und deren Tragstruktur;

Fig. 37

eine schematisierte, längs XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 geschnittene Seitenansicht der Schaltafel von Fig. 36;

Fig. 38

eine schematisierte, längs XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 geschnittene Seitenansicht der Schaltafel von Fig. 36, aber jetzt mit einer Abwandlung;

Fig. 39

eine zehnte Ausführungsform einer in der gezeichneten Form nicht erfindungsgemäßen Schaltafel für Betonierungsschalungen, und zwar als schematisierte Draufsicht auf die Rückseite der Schaltafel und deren Tragstruktur.

The invention and more specific possible embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. It shows:

1 to 8

a first embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formwork, in detail:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a formwork panel, seen obliquely on the front of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the panel from Fig. 1 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 3

a perspective view of a support structure of the formwork panel of Fig. 1 , seen obliquely on the front of the support structure facing the viewer;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the support structure of Fig. 3 , seen obliquely on the back of the support structure facing the viewer;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a formwork skin of the formwork panel of Fig. 1 , seen obliquely on the front of the formwork facing the viewer;

Fig. 6

a perspective view of the formwork skin of Fig. 5 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork facing of the formwork facing the viewer;

Fig. 7

a section of a section of the formwork panel from Fig. 1 according to VII-VII in Fig. 4 ;

Fig. 8

a section of a top view of the back of the formwork panel from Fig. 1 ;

9 to 14

a second embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concrete formwork, in detail:

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a formwork panel, seen obliquely on the front of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 10

a perspective view of the panel from Fig. 9 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 11

a perspective view of a formwork skin of the formwork panel of Fig. 9 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork facing the viewer;

Fig. 12

a section of the representation of Fig. 11 on a larger scale;

Fig. 13

a partially sectioned, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel of Fig. 9 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer, during an intermediate phase of the assembly of the support structure and formwork skin;

Fig. 14

a partially sectioned representation as in Fig. 13 , but after completion of the assembly;

Fig. 15

to 18 a third embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formwork, in detail:

Fig. 15

a perspective view of the formwork skin of the formwork panel, seen obliquely on the back of the formwork skin facing the viewer;

Fig. 16

a section of the representation of Fig. 15 on a larger scale;

Fig. 17

a partially sectioned, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen obliquely to the rear of the formwork panel facing the viewer, during an intermediate phase of the assembly of the support structure and formwork skin;

Fig. 18

a partially sectioned representation as in Fig. 17 , but after completion of the assembly;

Fig. 19

to 23 a fourth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concrete formwork, in detail:

Fig. 19

a perspective view of a formwork panel, seen obliquely on the front of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 20

a perspective view of the panel from Fig. 19 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 21

a perspective view of the formwork of the formwork panel of Fig. 19 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork facing the viewer;

Fig. 22

a partially sectioned (section line XXII-XXII in Fig. 21 ), perspective representation of a section of the formwork panel from Fig. 19 , seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer, during an intermediate phase of the assembly of the support structure and formwork skin;

Fig. 23

a partially sectioned representation as in Fig. 22 , but after completion of the assembly;

Fig. 24

to 28 a fifth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formwork, in detail:

Fig. 24

a perspective view of the formwork skin of the formwork panel, seen obliquely on the back of the formwork skin facing the viewer;

Fig. 25

a section of the representation of Fig. 24 on a larger scale;

Fig. 26

a partially sectioned, perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen obliquely on the back of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 27

a section of a section of the formwork along XXVII-XXVII n Fig. 24 ;

Fig. 28

a section of a plan view of the back of the formwork panel;

Fig. 29

a sixth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formwork, namely as a perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen on the rear side of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 30

a seventh and an eighth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concrete formwork, namely as a perspective view of a section of the formwork panel, seen on the rear side of the formwork panel facing the viewer;

Fig. 31

a perspective view of a section of a concreting wall formwork, which contains several formwork panels according to the invention, seen obliquely from above on the wall formwork;

Fig. 32

a perspective view of a section of a concrete slab formwork that contains several formwork panels according to the invention, seen obliquely from above on the slab formwork;

Fig. 33

a coupling element for formwork panels according to the invention, namely (a) and (b) perspective representations and (c) side view;

Fig. 34

two coupling elements from Fig. 33 , in two different states during installation on a pair of formwork panels according to the invention, in a perspective view;

Fig. 35

a coupling element from Fig. 33 and 34 , in the fully installed state on a pair of formwork panels according to the invention, in a perspective view;

Fig. 36

to 38 a ninth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention for concreting formwork and a modification of this ninth embodiment, in detail:

Fig. 36

a schematic plan view of the back of the formwork panel and its support structure;

Fig. 37

a schematic, along XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 sectioned side view of the formwork panel from Fig. 36 ;

Fig. 38

a schematic, along XXXVII - XXXVII in Fig. 36 sectioned side view of the formwork panel from Fig. 36 , but now with a variation;

Fig. 39

a tenth embodiment of a formwork panel for concrete formwork not according to the invention in the form shown, namely as a schematic plan view of the back of the formwork panel and its supporting structure.

For the sake of brevity, the following description of embodiments of the invention speaks of "formwork panel" instead of "formwork panel for concrete formwork". All of the drawn and described formwork panels are designed in terms of their dimensions and their load-bearing capacity in such a way that they can withstand the loads that are present when used in concrete formwork.

The in the 1 to 8 The formwork panel 2 shown is assembled from two components, namely a supporting structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, which is formed here by a single formwork skin element 8. Both the support structure 4 and the formlining element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Seen overall, the formwork has the shape or geometry of a cuboid, which - measured at right angles to the plane of the Fig. 1 visible formwork skin front side 10, which is at the same time formwork panel front side 10 - has a significantly smaller dimension or thickness d than its length dimension I and its width dimension b. In the illustrated embodiment, z. B. the length I 135 cm, the width b 90 cm, and the thickness d 10 cm.

Particularly clear in Fig. 3 and 4 one sees that the supporting structure 4 has the shape of a grating. Each of the two longitudinal edges has the shape of a double-walled wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges has the shape of a double-walled wall 14. Between the longitudinal edge walls 12 and parallel to them there are - in the embodiment shown five - longitudinal partition walls 16, which are double-walled. Between the transverse edge walls 14 and parallel to them there are - in the illustrated embodiment eight - transverse partition walls 18, each of which is double-walled. The clear spaces between the longitudinal partition walls 16 and between the relevant "last" longitudinal partition wall 16 and the relevant longitudinal edge wall 12 are all identical to one another. The clear distances between the transverse partition walls 18 and between the relevant "last" transverse partition wall 18 and the relevant transverse edge wall 14 are all the same to one another and moreover the same as the previously described distance between the various longitudinal walls 12, 16. Between the various walls 12, 14, 16, 18 is thus a matrix-like or checkerboard-like arrangement of - in plan view of the front ( Fig. 3 ) or on the back ( Fig. 4 ) - In each case essentially square openings 20 are formed which are open both to the front 22 of the support structure 4 and to the rear 24 of the support structure 4, but in somewhat different sizes, as will be described in more detail below. In the illustrated embodiment, nine openings 20 are provided in a row in the longitudinal direction I of the support structure 4, and six openings 20 in a row in the transverse direction b. In the illustrated embodiment, measured on the front 22, each clear opening 20 is approximately 10 × 10 cm in size.

When looking at the rear 24 of the support structure 4 ( Fig. 4 ) it can be seen that in the intermediate walls 16, 18 the double wall structure at the rear end is in each case “closed” by a material region 26 running parallel to the front face 10 of the formlining; this brings additional material to the rear 24 of the support structure. In Fig. 8 it can be seen that the intermediate walls 16, 18 in their end region adjacent to the front side 22 each have a flange 28 widening the intermediate wall 16 and 18 on both sides. In this respect, one can speak of a hat-shaped double wall cross section when considering the relevant partition 16 or 18 in cross section (see also here Fig. 29 and 30 ; there in another embodiment, but also in this respect in the embodiment of 1 to 8 also available). The flanges 28 bring additional plastic material near the front 22; In addition, the contact surface for the formwork skin 6 is increased and the clear distances between the supports for the formwork skin element 8 are reduced. The clear cross-section at the openings 20 is therefore smaller on the front side 22 than on the rear side 24, where it is approximately 12 × 12 cm.

The longitudinal edge walls 12 and the transverse edge walls 14 each have an oval, elongated hole-shaped wall opening 30 crossing the relevant edge wall 12 and 14 at those points where there is an opening 20 on the inside of the longitudinal wall 12 and 14. The openings 30 each cross through the edge wall 12 or 14 entirely (ie go through both partial walls of the double wall structure) and are surrounded by an opening peripheral wall 32. At this point it is also noted that in the case of the edge walls 12 and 14, the outer surface (ie facing away from the center of the support structure 4) is set back a little in relation to the outer contour of the support structure 4. In other words, the outer contour on the rear side 24 is a slightly larger rectangle than the rectangle line along the mentioned outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14.

At those points where partitions 16 and 18 intersect, as well as at those points where partitions 16 and 18 open into edge walls 12 and 14, respectively, there is a channel 34 of round cross-section, which is opposite the adjacent three or four , spaces 36 formed by the double wall structure is delimited by walls 38. The channels 34 each run from the front 22 to the rear 24.

In Fig. 5 and 6 one can see that the formwork skin element 8 has the shape of a plate with extensions 40 on the rear. On the function of the four, in Fig. 5 Visible, circular openings 42, which are located in the vicinity of the longitudinal edges of the formwork skin element 8, will be discussed in more detail below.

In the illustrated embodiment, a total of 66 (i.e. 70 minus four openings 42) extensions 40 are present. The extensions 40 are each present at a crossing point between partition walls 16 and 18 or at a T point between an edge wall 12 or 14 and a partition wall 16 or 18, except for those points where the four openings 42 are present. The extensions 40 are thus arranged in the pattern of a matrix or in the checkerboard pattern.

When the supporting structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 are joined, each extension 40 reaches the front end region of a channel 34 Fig. 7 it can be seen that each channel 34 in question has a reduced round cross section in its end region adjacent to the front side 22 of the support structure 4, so that a shoulder 44 is formed in the direction of the rear side 24 of the support structure 4. You can also see in Fig. 7 and 8th that each extension 40 is divided into four tongues 48 distributed over the circumference of the extension by corresponding slots 46 running in its longitudinal direction. Each of the tongues 48 has a shoulder 50 on the outside in the central region of its length, which extends in the form of a part circle over somewhat less than 90 ° and in the assembled state of support structure 4 and formwork element 8 is snapped outward behind the relevant shoulder 44 of the channel 34 or the support structure 4. At its center, ie inside between the four tongues 48, each of the extensions 40 has an axially extending cavity 52, which ends approximately at the level of the plate rear side 54 of the formlining element 8. Furthermore, each of the tongues 48 in its end region facing the rear side 24 of the support structure 4 is chamfered on its outside, see reference numeral 56. Due to the described design of the respective extension 40, the extensions 40 for assembling the support structure 4 and formwork element 8 can each be smaller in the end region Cross section of a channel 34 are introduced. Because of the inclined surfaces 56, the tongues 48 are compressed elastically somewhat towards the central extension axis, and the relevant extension 40 continues to enter the relevant channel 34 until the shoulders 50 of the relevant extension 40 - due to the tongues 48 springing back outwards snap behind the shoulder 44 of the channel 34 in question.

The described engagement of each extension 40 with the shoulder 44 of a channel 34 creates a connection or fastening between the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8, which holds the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 against the action of tensile forces in the longitudinal direction of the channels 34 or - in other words - act at right angles to the front of the formwork panel 10. Since with each extension 40 the tongues 48 on the circumference are in contact with that part of the channel 34 in question where this has a smaller cross section (see reference number 58) and because the tongues 48 have a sufficiently large material cross section there, the female-male Engagement between this area of the relevant extension 40 and the area of smaller cross-section 58 of the channel 34 in question creates a connection, the thrust forces with respect to the interface between the front 22 of the support structure 4 and the rear plate 54 of the formlining element 8 (ie with respect to forces parallel to the front of the formwork panel 10 can act). In this way, the supporting structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 form a structure that at least largely jointly supports the forces that occur.

It has already been mentioned above that the formlining element 8 has a circular opening 42 at two locations near one longitudinal edge and at two locations near the other longitudinal edge. Each of the openings 42 is located at a location at which a channel 34 is positioned in the support structure 4. In this way, four places are formed, each with a so-called Push anchoring anchor (which is essentially a rod in the middle area of the anchoring anchor of interest here) through the entire formwork panel 2, ie support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8, and can also push completely through a formwork panel 2 set up parallel and at a distance from it. Such anchors are used in particular for concreting wall formwork, where formwork panels are set up at a distance in order to produce a concrete wall by pouring concrete into the space. On the back 24 facing away from the space 24 of the formwork panels 2 of the relevant formwork panel pair, z. B. screwed nut plates onto the tension anchors. The tension anchors absorb those forces which the poured, pulpy concrete exerts in the sense of pushing apart the formwork panels of the pair of formwork panels.

The formwork skin element 8 can be fastened to the supporting structure 4. It is only necessary to radially compress the tongues 48 of the extensions in order to then be able to remove the formlining element 8 from the supporting structure 4. An alternative possibility is to carry out a rotary movement of the formlining element 8 relative to the supporting structure 4, which destroys the fastening.

In Fig. 6 (but more clearly below in Fig. 11 . 12 . 15 . 16 ) it can be seen that the plate-like area 9 of the formwork skin element 8, ie the formwork skin element 8 without the extensions 40, has on all four edges on the back a thicker edge strip 11 in the direction of the formwork skin element thickness d, which there provides the resilience and wear resistance of the formwork skin element 8 and the tightness of the formwork panel 2 to neighboring formwork panels 2 increases. If the application refers to the back of the panel 54 of the formwork skin element, the back is meant within the edge strips 11. In this exemplary embodiment, the "plate thickness" of the plastic is 5 mm within the edge strips 11.

Based on 9 to 14 a second embodiment of a formwork panel 2 according to the invention will now be described. The changes compared to the first embodiment according to 1 to 8 essentially relate only to the design of the devices which are provided for connecting or fastening the supporting structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8 to one another. The following description focuses on these changes.

How to get in Fig. 13 and 14 see well, the channels 34 used for the releasable connection or fastening of the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 do not have any in the end region adjacent to the front side 22 of the support structure 4 reduced cross-section, but in the end region adjacent to the rear side 24 of the support structure 4 there is a hollow connecting piece 60 which is round in cross-section and has a smaller cross-section on both the inner circumference and the outer circumference than the rest of the channel 34.

The extensions 40 now each have a cross section, which can be described as a hollow cylindrical, central connecting piece 62 with four radially extending ribs 64 arranged at a 90 ° angular distance. Each extension 40 protrudes for a length from the plate rear side 54 of the formlining element 8, which corresponds approximately to a third of the thickness of the supporting structure 4. Viewed in cross section through the respective extension 40, the four ribs 64 have such a dimension that the rib ends extend straight into the four inner corners 66 of the channel 34 in question. Thus, each of the integrally formed extensions 40 and thus the entirety of all extensions 40, by interacting with the relevant channels 34 by means of female / male interventions, provides a bond between the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8, which can transmit thrust forces which act parallel to the formwork face 10.

For the mutual anchoring of the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 there are no longer latching tongues of the extensions 40, but screws 70 which cooperate with the extensions 40 and which, from the rear side 24 of the support structure 4, each pass through the connecting piece 60 of the support structure 4 into the interior of the Hollow socket 62 of the relevant extension 40 are screwed in, see the in Fig. 14 drawn final state. The screws 70 are self-tapping and cut their mating thread in the respective hollow connector 62 when the supporting structure 4 and the formwork element 8 are assembled. By unscrewing the screws 70, the bonded state or mutual attachment state of the supporting structure 4 and the formwork element 8 can be released in a simple manner. The screw connections between the screws 70 and the extensions 40 provide a bond that can transmit tensile forces that act at right angles to the front of the formwork panel 10 in the sense that separates the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8.

The second embodiment tends to be more efficient to produce than the first embodiment and allows somewhat larger dimensional tolerances between the support structure 4 and the formlining element 8. It is emphasized that a screw 70 does not have to be installed in each of the channels 34. For the strength of the connection, it is sufficient if a screw 70 is screwed into only part of the channels 34 becomes. The extensions 40 can be designed to be more resistant to bending than in the first exemplary embodiment.

As in the first embodiment, there are also channels 34a and formwork element openings 42 for tension anchors. In the vicinity of the openings 42 there is in each case an extension 40b which, compared to a “normal extension” 40a on the longitudinal edge of the formwork skin element 8, is offset to a certain extent from the longitudinal center line of the formwork skin element 8. For such extensions 40b there are correspondingly slightly offset channels 34b in the support structure 4.

Based on 15 to 18 A third embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention will now be described. The third embodiment is similar to the previously described second embodiment. The following description focuses on the differences from the second embodiment.

The channels 34 in the support structure 4 have a round cross-section and neither a cross-sectional reduction in the end region adjacent to the front of the support structure 22 nor a cross-sectional reduction in the end region adjacent to the rear of the support structure 24. However, a transverse wall 72 is present in the central region of the length of the channel 34 in question a central hole 74 is present. The transverse wall 72 serves as a bearing for the screw head 76 of a screw 70 in question, which is inserted there from the rear of the support structure 24 through the hole 74.

The formlining element extensions 40 have the shape of a central hollow connector 62 with z. B. eight circumferentially distributed ribs 64, which are significantly shorter in the radial direction than in the second embodiment. As in the second exemplary embodiment, a self-tapping screw 70 is screwed into an extension 40 at the points where this is considered necessary.

Now the 19 to 23 a fourth embodiment of a formwork panel according to the invention is described. The fourth embodiment differs from the previous embodiments essentially in the type of connection or mutual attachment of the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8. The following description focuses on the description of these differences.

How to be fastest in Fig. 22 and 23 see, here are along the longitudinal edges and the transverse edges of the formwork element 8 circular, hollow, molded extensions 40, whereas there are otherwise square, hollow, molded extensions 40 in cross section. Each of the extensions 40 has on its outer circumference - lying in a first plane - on the outside of it a first, interrupted, row of circumferentially protruding areas 80. In a second plane, which is axially spaced from the first plane, there is a second, interrupted row of protruding areas 80 present on the outer circumference. The number of circumferential rows can alternatively be less than or greater than two.

On the inner circumference of the relevant associated channels 34 of the support structure 4 there are indented areas 82, also in areas interrupted over the circumference in two levels or more levels or even fewer levels. The turned-out areas 80 and the turned-in areas 82 are positioned such that when the support structure 4 and formwork element 8 are joined together with slight elastic deformation of the extensions 40 and / or channel walls, the turned-out areas 80 come into the turned-in counter areas 82 and there until a considerable amount is applied Firmly release or pull out force. A female / male intervention is thus generated between each extension 40 and each associated channel 34.

Such slightly turned-out areas 80 and such easily turned-in counter areas 82 can be molded in the shape of the supporting structure 4 and the formwork skin element 8, in particular by plastic injection molding or by plastic die casting, without having to use sliders in the production mold which are transverse Have it shifted to the main extension plane of the support structure 4 or formwork skin element 8. Rather, the manufacturing mold can simply have corresponding depressions at the locations where protruding areas 80 are to be formed. The formwork skin element produced can be ejected from the mold cavity with elastic deformation, particularly when the molding product is still warm. Conversely, when the support structure 4 is formed, the manufacturing mold has corresponding bulges at the points where the indented areas 82 are to be formed. The same applies to the formwork skin element 8 for ejection from the production mold. Alternatively, the projections 40 can be fitted with areas and the channels 34 can be equipped with areas.

The extensions 40 take up about a quarter of the length of the channels 34 in the illustrated embodiment.

In the fourth embodiment, the channels 34 can be closed at their end adjacent to the rear of the support structure 24 (see the left channel 34 in FIG Fig. 23 ) or be open (see right channel 34 in Fig. 23 ).

Hollow circular shape and hollow square shape of the extensions 40 are practical, but can also be replaced by other cross-sectional shapes. The case of two different geometries of the extensions 40 is drawn in the drawing. All geometries can also be the same or more than two different geometries can be realized.

Based on 24 to 28 A fifth embodiment of a formwork panel 2 according to the invention will now be described. The fifth embodiment differs from the previous embodiments essentially only in the type of connection or mutual attachment of support structure 4 and formwork element 8. The following description of the fifth embodiment focuses on the description of the differences from the previous embodiments.

How to get out Fig. 24 and 25 sees particularly quickly, the formwork skin element 8 has extensions 40 which, like the extensions in the second embodiment (see in particular Fig. 11 and 13 ) are shaped, but without a central, axially extending cavity. There are also no screws which are screwed into the extensions 40 from the rear of the supporting structure 24. In the fifth embodiment, the extensions 40, cooperating with the corresponding channels 34 (female / male engagement in each case), therefore only take on the task of fixing the supporting structure 4 and the formwork element 8 to one another and of transmitting the thrust forces mentioned above.

In order to anchor the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 to each other in a tensile manner with regard to forces which act at right angles to the front face 10 of the formwork in the sense separating the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8, plate-like extensions 84 are formed on the rear of the formwork element 8. In this exemplary embodiment, two extensions 84 or three extensions 84 are provided per opening 20 in the support structure 4 in the case of the openings 20 adjacent to the edge. You can also work with a different number of molded extensions 84.

In Fig. 27 it can be seen that the openings 20 in the regions close to the front of the supporting structure, where projections 84 “come in” when the supporting structure 4 and formlining element 8 are assembled, have molded projections 86 which protrude towards the center of the relevant opening 20. The projections 86 each have a shoulder 88 on their side facing the support structure rear side 24. The extensions 84 each have two projections 90 at their end which is farther from the plate rear side 54 of the formlining element 8 and point away from the center of the relevant opening 20. The projections 90 are each chamfered on their side facing away from the center of the relevant opening 20 (see reference number 92) and have a shoulder 94 on their end facing the plate rear side 54.

When the formwork skin element 8 and the supporting structure 4 are pushed together, the extensions 84 are bent elastically inwards, ie towards the center of the corresponding opening 20, because of the interaction of the inclined surfaces 92 with the inner sides of the projections 86. As soon as the formwork skin element 8 is completely pressed together with the supporting structure 4, the extensions 84 snap outwards, the shoulders 94 of the extensions 84 now resting against the shoulders 88 of the projections 86. The extensions 84 essentially do not assume a fixing function of the formwork skin element 8 relative to the supporting structure 4 in directions parallel to the front of the formwork skin 10 and also do not have a function in taking over the thrust forces pushed on at the top. Note that in Fig. 27 deliberately a little game - measured horizontally in Fig. 27 - Has been drawn between the relevant projection 86 of the support structure 4 and the relevant extension 84.

After bending the extensions 84 towards the center of the respective opening 20 or after breaking off the extensions z. B. with a screwdriver you can remove the formwork element 8 from the support structure 4.

Fig. 29 illustrates that the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 can be connected to one another by gluing or fastened to one another instead of using the types of connection described so far. Between the flanges 28 of the respective double wall structure with a hat-shaped cross section of the intermediate walls 16 and 18 on the one hand and the plate rear side 54 of the formlining element 8 on the other hand, there is a thin adhesive strip 96 in each case. Adhesive strips 96 do not have to be provided in all places where flanges 28 and plate rear side 54 meet and not in the fullest possible length. The extent to which adhesive strips 96 are provided depends on the total adhesive surface required to ensure the desired connection strength.

The connection described by gluing is releasable if one selects a suitable, familiar to the expert and available on the market, the z. B. can be solved by a selective solvent.

Fig. 30 illustrates two further possible ways of how the releasable connection or the releasable mutual fastening of support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 can be accomplished according to the invention.

The first of the two possibilities is the molding of relatively short, pin-shaped extensions 40 on the rear side 54 of the formwork skin element 8, e.g. B. in each case a pin-shaped extension 40 (or also a plurality of pin-shaped extensions 40) in the region of each crossing point or a part number of the crossing points between partition walls 16 and 18 and in the region of each T-point or a part number of T-points between partition walls 16 and 18 and an edge wall 12 or 14. At those points where you want to connect by means of a pin-shaped extension 40, a hole is provided in the support structure 4, z. B. at a corner transition of two flanges 28, as in Fig. 30 drawn. The pin-shaped extension 40 is initially so long that when the formwork skin element 8 and the support structure 4 are joined together, it protrudes a little from the hole mentioned. The outstanding end can be seen e.g. B. by means of a heated stamp to a wider extension head 98 or remelt, as in Fig. 30 is drawn. To release the connection between formwork element 8 and support structure 4, z. B. snap off the plastic head 98 thus formed with suitable pliers.

An alternative consists in providing a rivet instead of the pin-like extensions 40 made of plastic. The rivet head formed in the generation of the rivet connection sees z. B. as in Fig. 30 drawn with reference numeral 98. To loosen the rivet connection, the rivet head must be removed, e.g. B. by clipping with suitable pliers.

All exemplary embodiments have been drawn and described in such a way that only a single formwork skin element 8 forms the entire formwork skin 6 of the formwork panel 2. This is the preferred case in the context of the invention. In particular in the case of formwork panels 2 of a larger format, however, it may be more favorable to fasten several formwork skin elements 8 next to one another on the supporting structure 4, be it that the boundary (s) between adjacent formwork skin elements 8 runs in the longitudinal direction of the formwork panel 2 or in the transverse direction of the formwork panel 2 ( ) run. In this case, each of the formlining elements 8 is fastened to the support structure 4 in a manner as described above for the single formlining element 8, for example.

Suitable plastics, from which the supporting structure 4 and the formlining 6 can consist, are known to the person skilled in the art and are available on the market. Suitable base plastics here are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA). The support structure 4, which bears a large part of the load on the formwork panel 2, can in particular consist of fiber-reinforced plastic, glass fibers and carbon fibers being mentioned as favorable examples. Comparatively long fibers can be used (length over 1 mm up to a few centimeters). With the formlining 6, which bears a smaller part of the load on the formwork panel 2 and which should preferably be able to be nailed, it is possible in particular to work with a plastic which is reinforced by means of granular particles, in particular calcium carbonate or talc. But reinforcement with short fibers (less than or equal to 1 mm in length), in particular by means of (short) glass fibers, can also be considered.

In all of the drawn and described embodiments, the plastic of the supporting structure 4 has a greater strength than the plastic of the formwork skin element 8, which can be nailed.

In the first exemplary embodiment, a length I of 135 cm, a width b of 90 cm, a thickness d of 10 cm, the thickness of the plate-like area of the formlining element 8 being 5 mm, have been mentioned as examples. This exemplary dimension specification is also valid for all other embodiments. However, it is expressly pointed out that formwork panels 2 designed according to the teaching of the invention can also have larger or even smaller formats. If you want to make significantly larger formats available, however, the required material consumption increases disproportionately, so that you become uneconomical and can no longer be handled by hand Formwork panels are coming. On the other hand, if you go to significantly smaller formats, the construction and dismantling of concrete formwork becomes more complex; in addition, the number of joints between adjacent formwork panels increases, which joints may be seen molded in the finished concrete product.

Ahead is already related to Fig. 1 has been mentioned that in the first embodiment on the back of the support structure 4 the edge all around slightly protrudes beyond the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14. The same applies to the plate-like area 9 of the formwork skin element 8, so that - in other words - the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14 are set back a little in relation to the overall outer contour of the formwork panel 2. At the eight corners of the formwork cuboid there are, however, small bevels 99, each of which creates an oblique transition from the outer surface of an edge wall 12 or 14 to the outer edge of the support structure rear side 24 or the outer edge of the plate-shaped region 94 of the formlining element 8 ,

If several formwork panels 2 are placed side by side or placed side by side, either on the long side on the long side or on the short side on the short side or on the long side on the short side, the outer edges of the plate-like areas 94 of adjacent formwork skins 6 come into desirable close contact so that at most a smaller passage of concrete slurry is possible there. The outer edges of adjacent support structure rear sides 24 also come into close contact. The outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14 are spaced apart as desired so as not to jeopardize the aforementioned, desired, close contacts on the front and rear sides of the panel.

In all of the illustrated and described embodiments, the respective support structure 4 and the respective formlining element 8 are in each case an integral injection-molded component made of plastic or in each case an integral die-cast component made of plastic, i. H. Support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 each have a shape which allows the production by plastic injection molding or by plastic die casting.

If one first takes a look at the supporting structure 4 and the production by injection molding, one sees that the openings 20 including the inside of the flanges 28, the rear halves of the edge double walls 12 and 14 up to the openings 30, and the rear surfaces of the between double walls 16 and 18 material areas 26 closing at the rear are formed by areas of the production mold from the rear of the support structure 4. The spaces between the intermediate double walls 16 and 18 and the spaces between the edge walls 12 and 14 up to the openings 30 can be formed from the front of the support structure 4 by regions of the manufacturing mold. In the case of the channels 34, it depends on the channel shape whether one forms entirely from the rear of the supporting structure 4 (for example in the first embodiment, see Fig. 7 ) or forms entirely from the front of the support structure 4, or forms part of the channel length from the rear and the remaining part of the channel length from the front, see typically third embodiment, Fig. 17 ). To form the peripheral walls 32 of the openings 30 and the outer surfaces of the edge walls 12 and 14 one works with slides of the manufacturing mold, which have a direction of movement perpendicular to the outer surface of the relevant edge wall 12 and 14, respectively.

It goes without saying that all relevant surfaces of the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 have a so-called pull-out slope of typically 0.5 to 2 degrees, so that the halves of the manufacturing mold can be opened without problems, the slides of the manufacturing mold can be pulled out easily, and the plastic product can be easily removed from the manufacturing mold can be expelled.

For the producibility of the support structure 4 by plastic die casting, very similar statements apply. The most important difference between the plastic injection molding and the plastic die casting in the shaping of thermoplastics is that in the first case the plastic is injected liquid under pressure, whereas in the second case the plastic is introduced into the mold cavity in the form of solid granules and it is melted under pressure.

Next, if one looks at the manufacture of the formwork skin element 8 by plastic injection molding or by plastic die casting, it can be seen that the rear side 54 of the plate-like area 9 of the formwork skin element 8 is a good position for the parting plane of the production mold, that the extensions 40 are made with the help of of free spaces can be formed in one mold half. This is particularly easy in the second, third and fourth embodiment. In the first and fifth embodiments, sliders have to be used to form the "barbs" on the extensions 40.

Finally, it is pointed out that in all of the drawn and described embodiments, the formwork front 10 and thus the entire front of the formwork panel is free of components that have to do with the means for connecting or fastening the supporting structure 4 and formwork element 8. In other words, apart from the openings 42, the front of the formwork skin 10 is completely flat (in the sense that the term "flat" is usually used for formwork skins, which does not mean a plane that is strictly geometrically flat), so that on the surface of the concrete product to be produced shows nothing else than the undisturbed surface of the formlining 6 and at most certain markings at the points where there were joints between adjacent formworks 6.

For the sake of completeness, it is pointed out that in some of the exemplary embodiments shown, openings are drawn which run at right angles to the front of the formlining 10, extend through the double-wall structure of the edge walls 12 and 14 and have a shape in the end region adjacent to the rear side 24 of the supporting structure can be described as circular with two diametrical, essentially rectangular extensions (see particularly clearly Fig. 18 , top right; Fig. 23 ). This form of opening end areas has nothing to do with claim features in this application.

In Fig. 31 a section of a concreting wall formwork 100 is shown, which is constructed with formwork panels 2 according to the invention. Specifically, a wall formwork is drawn for a wall around a 90 ° corner. Of course, wall formwork for straight walls, for pillars, for T-shaped merging walls, etc. can be created in a corresponding manner, the principles described below being used accordingly in all these cases.

In the embodiment of the Fig. 31 are all formwork panels 2 "vertically aligned", ie their longitudinal direction I is vertical and their width direction b or transverse direction is horizontal. The formwork skin front 10 runs vertically in all formwork panels 2. One can work partially or anywhere with "horizontally aligned" formwork panels 2, ie longitudinal direction I is horizontal and transverse direction b is vertical.

From the inner corner 102 of the wall formwork 100, a total of four formwork panels 2 can be seen in full width (in one case, top left, only in almost full width). In addition, one sees two formwork panels 2, in which a part of the width is cut off. You can also see a vertical post 106 with a square cross-section directly on the inside corner.

Two of the form panels 2 visible with the full width b have the dimensions as are also the form panels according to all embodiments 1 to 30 had, that is, eight transverse partitions 18 and five longitudinal partitions 16 and nine openings 20 in series as one proceeds in the longitudinal direction, and six openings 20 in series as one proceeds in the transverse direction. At the posts 106 across the corner there are two formwork panels 2 with a smaller width b. Specifically, their width b is one third of the width of the "full formwork panels 2", ie you only have two openings 20 in series if you proceed in the transverse direction. The length I of the formwork panels 2 described last is equal to the length I of the full formwork panels 2. On the outside of the corner of the concrete wall to be produced, one can see - directly at the corner - a post 108, which corresponds to the post 106, by corner then two formwork panels 2 with 2/3 width compared to the width b of a full formwork panel 2. The formwork panels 2 mentioned last are connected on both sides by full formwork panels 2.

It is emphasized that one in Fig. 31 sees only the upper half of a wall formwork section. A second, lower half connects at the bottom, as will be described in more detail. All in all, the wall formwork then has a height of 270 cm, which is a fairly common room height in concrete construction from the concrete floor to the underside of the ceiling.

In the right third, below, the Fig. 31 one can see that and how adjacent formwork panels 2 or the last formwork panel 2 are coupled to the post 108. If one goes down into the fourth opening 20 on the left vertical edge of the last outer corner formwork panel 2a, one sees part of a coupling element 110. On the right vertical edge of the same formwork panel 2a one sees four coupling elements 110 of the same type. Also in the left third, above, the Fig. 31 one sees a coupling element 110 of the same type. Coupling elements 110 of this type are described below with reference to FIGS 33 to 35 described in more detail. At this point, the explanation is sufficient that by means of such coupling elements 110, which engage through pairs of openings 30 in the edge walls 12, one Coupling of adjacent formwork panels 2 or the coupling of a formwork panel 2 with a post 106 or 108 can be accomplished.

Far left, middle, in Fig. 31 it can also be seen that and how coupling elements 110 of the same type can be used to couple two formwork panels 2 adjoining one another in the vertical direction, in that the coupling element 110 in question engages through a pair of openings 30 in transverse edge walls 14 of two formwork panels 2.

You can also see in Fig. 31 in some places the ends of tensioning anchors 112 (as already mentioned above in the application), which are each fixed by means of a nut plate 114 against the rear of the supporting structure 24 of two flush adjacent formwork panels 2. As described in more detail in connection with the first embodiment, the tension anchor rod 112 passes through a channel of only one support structure 4, which runs at right angles to the front face 10 of the formwork skin. The adjacent formwork panel 2 is included in the pressing process via the nut plate 114.

It goes without saying that the vertical alignment of the shuttering panels 2 and the maintenance of this vertical alignment under the pressure of the poured concrete are ensured at reasonable intervals along the wall formwork 100 by means of props which are fastened on the one hand to the floor and on the other hand to formwork panels 2.

Fig. 32 uses an example (from many possible examples) to illustrate how a concrete slab formwork 120 can be formed using formwork panels 2 according to the invention.

In the middle of the Fig. 32 part of a row of slab formwork supports 122 can be seen, this row being from left-bottom to right-top in Fig. 32 extends and wherein only two slab formwork supports 122 are drawn from a larger number of slab formwork supports 122 of this series. Further left in Fig. 32 one can see a further slab formwork support 122 which belongs to a further row of slab formwork supports 122 extending from the bottom left to the top right. Within each row of slab formwork pillars 122, a formwork beam 124 leads from slab formwork pillar head 126 to the next slab formwork pillar head 126. The longitudinal center line of the first row described and the longitudinal center line of the second row described have a distance from one another which is substantially as long as the length I of the formwork panels 2 inserted between the rows, plus twice half a width of a formwork carrier 124.

It is emphasized that instead of the in Fig. 32 shown construction of a ceiling formwork 120 with the formwork panels 2 according to the invention can in particular also form ceiling formwork 120 of a structure with so-called main girders and so-called secondary girders. In this case you have to start from Fig. 32 Imagine that the space between the parallel formwork beams 124 is not bridged by formwork panels 2, but by a series of secondary beams placed parallel to each other (in which case the distance between the formwork beams 124 shown is usually larger). In this case, the beams leading from column 122 to column 122 are called "main beams" and the beams extending at right angles to them and placed on the main beams are called "secondary beams". The formwork panels 2 are then placed in such a way that they each bridge the distance between two adjacent secondary beams. In this case, the secondary beams are those beams which are referred to as formwork beams in the present application.

Based on 33 to 35 An exemplary embodiment of a coupling element 110 will now be described, which can be used in particular for wall formwork 100 according to the invention, but also for other purposes, for which examples are given below.

The coupling element 110 shown in the drawing has an overall shape that is reminiscent of a door handle with an integrated shaft, about the central axis 144 of which the coupling element 110 can be pivoted as a whole. The coupling element 110 can in particular consist of metal or plastic.

The coupling element 110 has a shaft region 140 and, integral with the shaft region 140, an elongated grip region 142 which runs in a plane on which the imaginary central axis 144 of the shaft region 140 is at right angles. The grip area 142 itself is bent relatively close to the shaft area 140 by approximately 45 ° in its plane. A worker can grip the straight, longer part 146 of the grip area 142 by hand and then, favored by a lever arm given by the distance between the grip point and the central axis 144, rotate the shaft area 140 about its central axis 144.

The grip area 142 integrally merges into a first end area of the shaft area 140. A first flange 148 in the form of an annular flange projecting radially outward is located on the shaft region 140 at a small axial distance from this transition point. At a clear distance a from the first flange 148, there is a second flange 150 in the second end region of the shaft region 140, which has a more complicated shape, which will be described in more detail below. The clear distance a is - roughly speaking for the time being - approximately as large as the wall thickness formwork panels 2 of the summed thickness of two edge walls 12 and 14 in the vicinity of a surrounding opening 30, added to the (small) clearance between the outer surfaces of the pair of edge walls 12 and 14, as described in connection with the first embodiment and the recessed outer surface of the edge walls 12 and 14 respectively. You can see this in Fig. 31 and on a larger scale in the Fig. 34 and 35 ,

Between the first flange 148 and the second flange 150, the shaft area 140 in an intermediate flange area 141 is only substantially circular-cylindrical. More precisely, the wave region 140 has a somewhat elongated cross section there, which can be carried out “oval-like” or “ellipse-like” or in the form of “two semicircles with two straight sections in between”. This cross-sectional shape falls into Fig. 33 optically not because the "thickness" or "local diameter" at the shortest point is only slightly smaller than at the longest point, which is about 90 ° away. The meaning of this cross-sectional shape is described in more detail below.

When looking at the end face of the shaft area 140 where the second flange 150 is located, see arrow A in Fig. 33 (c) , the second flange 150 has an oval outer contour, that is to say a semicircular section 152 at each end and between them a straight section 154 on each side. In the middle region between the two semicircular sections 152, the second flange 150 — measured at right angles to the course of the straight line Sections 154 between the semicircular sections 152 - a width c, which corresponds to the smallest thickness or the smallest diameter of the only substantially circular cylindrical region 141 of the shaft region 140 or is slightly smaller. Measured perpendicular to the width c, the second flange 150 has a dimension e that is significantly larger than the width c. In other words, the extent of the radial projection of the second flange 150 over the circumferential surface of the only substantially circular-cylindrical region 141 of the shaft region 140 increases as it progresses 90 °, from 0 to a maximum amount, then as further 90 ° from the maximum amount to 0, then as further 90 ° from 0 to a maximum amount, finally as another 90 ° from the maximum amount 0 from.

In Fig. 33 (b) right-down and in Fig. 33 (c) Right-below it can be seen that the end face of the second flange 150 facing the first flange 148 is not flat, but is divided into two parts (the first part of the just described first radial dimension increase-radial dimension decrease curve over 180 ° and the second part corresponds to the just described second radial dimension increase-radial dimension decrease curve over 180 °). In each of these two parts, an approximately half 90 ° partial area is formed as a wedge surface 156, which, if one proceeds in the circumferential direction, from a maximum distance a + x to the opposite end face of the first flange 148 at a distance a to the opposite end face of the first Flange 148 gradually decreases.

Due to the described geometry of the shaft area 140 with the second flange 150 of the coupling element 110, the shaft area 140 with the second flange 150 ahead can be inserted into an aligned pair of openings 30 of two parallel positioned edge walls 12 and 14 of two adjacent formwork panels 2. The openings 30 are, as explained above, oval or elongated, and the oval shape of the second flange 150 described is such that the shaft region 140 with the second flange 150 ahead can be inserted straight through the two openings 30, when the larger dimension e of the second flange 150 matches the longer length of the oval opening 30. The beginning of this insertion process can be seen in Fig. 34 at the right coupling element 110, and the end of this insertion process can be seen at the in Fig. 34 left coupling element 110 from the side of the second flange 150. In the fully inserted state, the end face of the first flange 148 facing the second flange 150 is in contact with that area of the relevant edge wall 12 or 14 of the relevant switch panel 2 which surrounds the relevant opening 30.

After completion of the insertion process described, the second flange 150 of the coupling element 110 in question is located entirely on the inside of the relevant edge wall 12 or 14 of the second panel 2 (here the second panel 2 is the panel 2 whose opening 30 is designated as second opening of the pair of openings 30 is passed through the second flange 150). As a result, the coupling element 110 can be rotated or pivoted about its central axis 144 by means of the grip area 142, specifically counterclockwise, when looking at the end face of the shaft area 140 where the grip area 142 goes off. At the in Fig. 34 right coupling element 110 one would see the pivoting movement counterclockwise if the insertion of the shaft area 140 had already been carried out. At the in Fig. 34 Left coupling element 110, in which the insertion process has already been carried out, the pivoting movement of the grip region 142 would be represented as a clockwise pivoting movement, because one looks here at the end face of the shaft region 140 where the second flange 150 is present.

In Fig. 35 one can see the state when the grip area 142 has been pivoted completely through 90 °. The second flange 150 (as well as the first flange 148) have carried out a rotational movement about the central axis 144 of 90 °. The larger dimension e of the second flange 150 now extends at right angles to the larger dimension of the opening 30 adjacent there in an edge wall 12 or 14 of a formwork panel 2. The pair of edge walls 12 or 14 under consideration is between the first flange 148 and the second Flange 150 clamped together. The adjacent formwork panels 2 are coupled to one another on this pair of edge walls 12 and 14. Depending on the dimensions of the formwork panels 2 and the loads to be expected, one or more coupling elements 110 can be used along the pair of edge walls 12 or 14 under consideration. In addition, it can be seen that when the coupling element 110 is in the tensioned position, the longer, straight region 146 of the grip region 142 lies parallel to the relevant rear side of the formwork panel 24 and, moreover, is located with a part of its length in a suitable recess 160, which is in the partitions 16 and 18 is provided in the rear area near the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively.

In the initial phase of the mentioned pivoting pivoting movement of the shaft region 40 and thus of the second flange 150, the two wedge surfaces 156 of the second flange 150 come into contact with the edge of the opening 30 in question, so that the two involved over a course of the pivoting movement of approximately 45 ° Edge walls 12 and 14 are always pulled together. In the course of the continuation of the pivoting movement by another 45 ° That part of the end face of the second flange 150 facing the first flange 148 then comes into contact with the inner surface of the relevant edge wall 12 or 14, in which part the clear distance to the opposite end face of the first flange 148 is no longer changing a + x , but constant a. When the swiveling movement is completed by approximately 90 °, there is a flat contact there with the inner surface of the relevant edge wall 12 or 14.

The smallest thickness or the smallest diameter mentioned above of the only substantially circular cylindrical region 141 of the shaft region 140 of the coupling element 110 runs in a direction that is parallel to the orientation of the width c of the second flange 150, and is a bit smaller than the measured at right angles to the formwork facing front 10 - shorter dimension of the respective opening 30 or the respective two openings 30. If the longer dimension e of the second flange 150 and the greatest thickness or the largest diameter of the region 141 of the shaft region 140 essentially with the longitudinal direction of the involved openings 30 are aligned, the second flange 150 and the area 141 of the shaft area 140 can be easily inserted into the pair of the openings 30 involved, even if the two formwork panels 2 involved are slightly offset from one another in a direction perpendicular to the formwork skin front sides 10 , During the subsequent pivoting of the coupling element 110 by approximately 90 °, the greatest thickness or the largest diameter of the region 141 gradually comes into contact with those central regions of the opening peripheral walls 32 of the two participating openings 30, where the distance between opposite opening peripheral wall regions is smaller than in the opening longitudinal direction is. The pivotal movement of the coupling element 110 pulls the two formwork panels 2 involved into the front-aligned position because the greatest thickness or the largest diameter of the region 141 of the shaft region 140 is as large as the respective size of the openings 30 of the two formwork panels involved, with only slight play 2, measured in the central opening area and at right angles to the front of the formlining 10.

It is emphasized that the two edge walls 12 and 14 of the two formwork panels 2 involved can also be clamped together with a certain offset in the longitudinal direction of the edge walls 12 and 14. After completion of the insertion process described, the two edge walls 12 and 14 involved can be moved a little in the longitudinal direction of the edge walls 12, 14 relative to one another and only then pivot the relevant coupling element 110 into the clamping position.

The openings 30 in the edge walls 12 and 14 are also suitable for coupling formwork accessories there, depending on the shape of the area of the relevant formwork accessory to be coupled with coupling elements, as in 33 to 35 drawn and described with reference to these figures, can work, or with modified coupling elements, which are each brought into engagement with one of the openings 30 or with an aligned pair of openings 30. For example, coupling elements with a different flange spacing a can be used. Straightening supports or formwork brackets may be mentioned as particularly common, in practice, examples of formwork accessories to be coupled. But you can also form other connection options at other points of the support structure 4 for formwork accessories.

It is emphasized that the illustrated and described coupling element 110 with its first flange 148 and its second flange 152 is a particularly favorable embodiment of a coupling element 110 used in the invention, but that coupling elements of other designs, also with a clamping mechanism deviating from the wedge surface 156, are useful in the invention. Coupling elements which cooperate with the openings 30 described in the edge walls 12 and 14 of the relevant panel 2 and its surroundings are advantageous, however, because one can easily provide the necessary local stability or strength of the panel 2 in question.

Based on 36 to 38 A ninth embodiment of a control panel 2 according to the invention, including a modification of this control panel 2, will now be described.

The in the 36 to 38 The formwork panel 2 shown is assembled from two components, namely a supporting structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, which is formed here by a single formwork skin element 8. Both the support structure 4 and the formlining element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Each of the two longitudinal edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a double-walled wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a double-walled wall 14. Between the transverse edge walls 14 and parallel there is a transverse partition 18, which is double-walled, the distance between the partial walls being greater than that of the edge walls 12 and 14, respectively. Between the walls 12, 14, 18 described and in each case bounded by two large openings 20, which are square in plan view and pass through from the front 22 to the rear 24 of the supporting structure 4. Instead of only a single transverse partition 18, as shown, a plurality of transverse partition walls 18 could also be present.

In Fig. 37 it can be seen that the double walls 12, 14, 18 on the rear side 24 of the support structure 4 are closed by material areas 26 running parallel to the formwork skin front side 10, but are open on the front side 22 of the support structure 4, ie at a distance between the partial walls , are. This shape is called the U-shaped cross section of the double wall. The modified embodiment according to Fig. 38 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 37 only because the double walls 12, 14, 18 in their end region adjacent to the front side 22 of the support structure 4 each have a wall-widening flange 28 projecting towards the relevant opening 20, as is also the case with the first embodiment Fig. 8 and according to the sixth embodiment Fig. 29 has already been described and drawn. This shape is called the hat-like cross-section of the double wall.

The rear closure of the spacing space between the partial walls of the transverse partition 18 through the material region 26 there is essentially continuous and possibly only interrupted by channels 34 and 42 with a comparatively small cross-section which run from the front 22 to the rear 24 of the support structure 4, as already described and drawn in the previous embodiments. In the case of the edge walls 12, 14, the closing of the spacing space between the partial walls is interrupted to a greater extent by the material areas 26 there and, so to speak, divided into sections, as described and drawn in more detail in the previous embodiments.

Based on Fig. 39 A tenth embodiment of a formwork panel 2 will now be described.

In the Fig. 39 The formwork panel 2 shown is assembled from two components, namely a supporting structure 4 and a formwork skin 6, which is formed here by a single formwork skin element 8. Both the support structure 4 and the formlining element 8 consist entirely of plastic here.

Each of the two longitudinal edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a wall 12, and each of the two transverse edges of the support structure 4 has the shape of a wall 14. A longitudinal edge extends approximately centrally from one transverse edge wall 14 to the other edge transverse wall 14. Intermediate wall 16, which is divided into two semi-circular arms 200 at two locations. If the two semicircular arms 200 are taken together at each of these two locations, a wall section in the form of a full circle is formed there, which delimits a circular opening 20. Each of the two openings 20 extends from the front 22 to the rear 24 of the support structure 4. Where there is no opening 20, the back of the support structure 4 is closed by a plate-like material area 202, with the exception of any channels 34 and 42. The boundaries of the walls 12, 14, 16 are partly drawn in broken lines because they lie behind the plate-like material area 202. There may be further partition walls, if desired also running differently; the number of openings can be less than or greater than two.

In contrast to the previous embodiments, in the tenth embodiment the walls 12, 14, 16 are not designed as double walls, but could alternatively be designed as double walls.

For reasons of simplification, the 36 to 39 not shown how the support structure 4 and the formwork element 8 are connected to each other. In particular, those types of connection that have been described and drawn in detail in the previous embodiments come into consideration for this. The same applies to the formation of the edge walls 12, 14 with wall openings 30 and the associated division of the closing material areas 26 of the edge walls 12, 14 into sections, provided that the edge walls 12, 14 are double walls.

Also in the embodiments according to 36 to 39 are the respective support structure 4 and the respective formlining element 8 each an integral injection-molded component made of plastic or an integral die-cast component made of plastic, that is, the support structure 4 and formwork skin element 8 each have a shape that allows the production by plastic injection molding or by plastic die-casting.

Claims (20)

1. A formwork panel (2) for concrete-work shutterings (100, 120), comprising:

   a supporting structure (4) consisting substantially of plastics material and having at least one double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) the two partial walls of which are connected to each other on the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4); and

   a separate formwork skin (6) constituted by a single formwork skin element (8) substantially of plastics material or by several formwork skin elements (8) substantially of plastics material each;

   wherein the formwork skin (6) is releasably connected to the supporting structure,

   characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is substantially in the form of a grating having openings (20) that are open both to the front side (22) of the supporting structure (4) and to the rear side (24) of the supporting structure, with the front side of the supporting structure (4) being directed towards the formwork skin (6) and the rear side of the supporting structure (4) being directed away from the formwork skin (6),

   and that the at least one double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) is open on the front side (22) of the supporting structure (4), with the two partial walls of the double wall (12; 14; 16; 18), on the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4), being connected to each other in substantially continuous manner by a material portion (26) or in sections by material portions, such that a U-shaped or a hat-shaped cross-section of the double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) results with the continuous material portion (26) or the material portion sections.
2. A formwork panel (2) for concrete-work shutterings (100, 120), comprising:

   a supporting structure (4) consisting substantially of plastics material and having at least one double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) the two partial walls of which are connected to each other on the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4); and

   a separate formwork skin (6) constituted by a single formwork skin element (8) substantially of plastics material or by several formwork skin elements (8) substantially of plastics material each;

   wherein the formwork skin (6) is releasably connected to the supporting structure,

   characterized in that the supporting structure (4) - excluding here a design substantially as grating - comprises a plurality of openings (20) extending in continuous manner from the supporting structure front side (22) to the supporting structure rear side (24) and having, in a plan view, an area size of at least 25 square centimeters each, with the front side of the supporting structure (4) being directed towards the formwork skin (6) and the rear side of the supporting structure (4) being directed away from the formwork skin (6),

   and that the at least one double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) is open on the front side (22) of the supporting structure (4), with the two partial walls of the double wall (12; 14; 16; 18), on the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4), being connected to each other in substantially continuous manner by a material portion (26) or in sections by material portions, such that a U-shaped or a hat-shaped cross-section of the double wall (12; 14; 16; 18) results with the continuous material portion (26) or the material portion sections.
3. The formwork panel (2) according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is substantially an integral injection-molded component of plastics material or substantially an integral compression-molded component of plastics material.
4. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that there is provided at least one formwork skin element (8) which substantially is an integral injection-molded component of plastics material or substantially an integral compression-molded component of plastics material.
5. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that the formwork skin (6) is connected to the supporting structure by means of screws (70) and/or rivets (98) and/or clip-type connections (44, 48; 80, 82; 84, 88) and/or fused enlarged portions (98) on molded-on connecting pins and/or releasable adhesive connection(s) (96).
6. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that at least one formwork skin element (8) has molded-on extensions (40; 84) which have a function in transferring possible tensile forces between the supporting structure (4) and the respective formwork skin element (8).
7. The formwork panel (2) according to claim 6, in so far as it is dependent on claim 1 and optionally any of claims 3 to 5,
   characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is substantially in the form of a grating having longitudinal peripheral walls (12), transverse peripheral walls (14), longitudinal intermediate walls (16), transverse intermediate walls (18) as well as, between said walls (12, 14, 16, 18), openings that are open both to the front side (22) of the supporting structure (4) and to the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4);
   and that said molded-on extensions (40) are provided in locations where two of said walls (12, 14, 16, 18) meet.
8. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that at least one formwork skin element (8) has locations of positive female/male engagement (40, 58; 40, 34) with the supporting structure (4) so that possible shear forces acting parallel to the formwork skin front side (10) are transferred between the respective formwork skin element (8) and the supporting structure (4).
9. The formwork panel (2) according to claim 8,
   characterized in that there are locations at which the female/male engagement (40, 58; 40, 34) is constituted each by a molded-on extension (40) of said formwork skin element (8), which is in engagement with a receiving portion (58; 34) formed in the supporting structure (4).
10. The formwork panel (2) according to claim 9,
    characterized in that at least a partial number of said engagement extensions (40) transferring the possible shear forces at the same time are extensions (40) that also have a function in transferring possible tensile forces between the supporting structure (4) and the respective formwork skin element (8).
11. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that the plastics material of the supporting structure (4) is of higher strength than the plastics material of the single formwork skin element (8) or the plastics material or materials of the several formwork skin elements (8), preferably with the plastics material of the supporting structure (4) being fiber-reinforced and the plastics material of the single formwork skin element (8) or the plastics materials of the several formwork skin elements (8) being reinforced with particles.
12. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that the plastics material of at least one formwork skin element (8) is selected such that the formwork skin element (8) is nailable.
13. The formwork panel (2) according to claim 1 and optionally any of claims 3 to 12,
    characterized in that the supporting structure (4) comprises four peripheral walls (12; 14) and intermediate walls (16; 18); and
    that at least part of these walls (12, 14; 16; 18), preferably all of these walls (12, 14; 16; 18), is or are each designed as double wall having the configuration indicated in claim 1.
14. The formwork panel (2) according to any of claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in that the supporting structure (4), on the two longitudinal sides thereof and/or on the two transverse sides thereof, is formed as double wall (12; 14) each, having the configuration indicated in claim 1 or 2 and having a series of wall openings (30) traversing the double wall (12; 14), said wall openings (30) each being oval, in the form of an elongated hole with a longitudinal direction located in the longitudinal direction of the respective double wall (12; 14), and being surrounded by an opening circumferential wall (32) each.
15. A wall shuttering (100) for concrete work,
    characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coupled formwork panels (2) according to any of claims 1 to 14.
16. A wall shuttering (100) for concrete work according to claim 15,
    characterized in that it comprises a plurality of coupled formwork panels (2) according to claim 14;
    that for coupling two adjacent formwork panels (2) there is used at least one coupling element (110) having a configuration resembling a door handle having a shaft portion (140) integrally formed thereon and having two flanges (148, 150) provided thereon;
    and that the coupling element (110) cooperates with said wall openings (30) of the formwork panels (2) and is designed such that it is brought into and out of coupling engagement by pivotal motion about the central axis (144) of its shaft portion (140).
17. The wall shuttering (100) for concrete work according to claim 16,
    characterized in that the shaft portion (140) of the coupling element (110), in the intermediate flange portion (141) between the first flange (148) and the second flange (150), is only substantially circular-cylindrical and has a slightly elongate cross-section, which can be designed oval-like or resembling an ellipse or in the form of two semi-circles with two straight portions in between;
    and that the two participating formwork panels (2), due to the pivoting motion of the coupling element (110), are pulled into a front-sides aligning position since the largest thickness or the largest diameter of the intermediate flange portion (141) only with some play is as large as the respective size of the wall openings (30) of the two participating formwork panels (2), as measured in the central opening portion and perpendicularly to the formwork skin front side (10).
18. A ceiling shuttering (120) for concrete work,
    characterized in that it comprises a plurality of formwork panels (2) according to any of claims 1 to 14.
19. A method of manufacturing a formwork panel (2) for concrete-work shutterings (100; 120) according to any of claims 1 to 14,
    characterized in that the supporting structure (4) is injection-molded or compression-molded from a plastics material;
    that a formwork skin element (8) or a plurality of formwork skin elements (8) is/are injection-molded or compression-molded from a plastics material;
    and that

    (a) in the event that the formwork skin (6) is constituted by a single formwork skin element (8), this formwork skin element (8) is releasably attached to the supporting structure (4), or

    (b) in the event that the formwork skin (6) is constituted by several formwork skin elements (8), these several formwork skin elements (8) are releasably attached to the supporting structure (4).
20. The method according to claim 19,
    characterized in that the single formwork skin element (8) has on its rear side (54) or the several formwork skin elements (8) have on their rear sides (54) a plurality of molded-on extensions (40) each;
    and that screws (70) are threadedly engaged at least with a partial number of the extensions (40) from the rear side (24) of the supporting structure (4).

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