EP3171456A1 - Antenne à balayage de faisceau, système hyperfréquence et procédé d'alignement de faisceau - Google Patents

Antenne à balayage de faisceau, système hyperfréquence et procédé d'alignement de faisceau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3171456A1
EP3171456A1 EP14899647.3A EP14899647A EP3171456A1 EP 3171456 A1 EP3171456 A1 EP 3171456A1 EP 14899647 A EP14899647 A EP 14899647A EP 3171456 A1 EP3171456 A1 EP 3171456A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
feed
feeds
aperture unit
aperture
signal quality
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Granted
Application number
EP14899647.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3171456B1 (fr
EP3171456A4 (fr
Inventor
Hao Long
Fusheng TANG
Zhuo ZENG
Yanxing Luo
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Publication of EP3171456A1 publication Critical patent/EP3171456A1/fr
Publication of EP3171456A4 publication Critical patent/EP3171456A4/fr
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Publication of EP3171456B1 publication Critical patent/EP3171456B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/24—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the communications field, and in particular, to a beam scanning antenna, a microwave system, and a beam alignment method.
  • a high-gain antenna In a microwave communication application, a high-gain antenna is usually used to achieve a longer transmission distance or to avoid interference.
  • a high-gain antenna has an excessively small beam angle, and alignment is very difficult during installation.
  • slight shakes of an antenna may cause a link interruption.
  • a device of an antenna is installed on a microwave tower that can hardly shake, and is reinforced by using a reinforcement apparatus.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a beam scanning antenna, a microwave system, and a beam alignment method, which are used to resolve problems that installation costs of an antenna are high and a microwave link is easily affected by shakes.
  • a first aspect provides a beam scanning antenna, including:
  • the switching control module further includes:
  • the beam tracking module is specifically configured to: instruct, at an interval of preset duration, the feed switching module to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes; or receive a user instruction, and instruct, according to the user instruction, the feed switching module to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes; or monitor received signal quality in real time, and when it is detected that received signal quality of a current working feed is less than a preset threshold, instruct the feed switching module to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes.
  • the at least two feeds include one first feed and at least one second feed; the first feed is placed at a focal point of the aperture unit, and after being reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, a beam sent by the first feed is parallel to the axis of the aperture unit; and the second feed is placed at a periphery of the first feed, and after a beam sent by the second feed is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit.
  • centers of the second feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of the second feed on a focal plane and the focal point is R, the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located, the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d, radiation apertures of the second feeds are on a same plane, a distance between the radiation apertures of the second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R meets: R ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d meets: d ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first feed.
  • two groups of second feeds are included, where centers of a first group of second feeds are evenly placed on a first circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the first circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the first group of second feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the first circle is d 1 , and a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ 1 centers of a second group of second feeds are evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the second group of second feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 2 , the focal plane is a plane that is perpen
  • R 1 meets: R 1 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • R 2 meets: R 2 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 1 meets: d 1 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 1 / 2
  • d 2 meets: d 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 2 / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ 1 is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of second feeds, ⁇ 2 is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second group of second
  • n groups of second feeds are included, where centers of an n th group of second feeds are evenly placed on an n th circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the n th circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the n th group of second feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the n th circle is d n , radiation apertures of the second feeds are on a same plane, a distance between the radiation apertures of the second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ n , and ⁇ n is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R n meets: R n ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + ⁇ D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d n meets: d n ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ n / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ n , is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first feed.
  • the at least two feeds are placed around a focal point of the aperture unit, and after a beam sent by any feed of the at least two feeds is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit.
  • centers of the at least two feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of the feed on a focal plane and the focal point is R, the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located, the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d, a distance between the feed and the focal point is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R meets: R ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d meets: d ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an outgoing radiation beam from the focal point.
  • the at least two feeds include two groups, where centers of a first group of feeds are evenly placed on a first circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the first circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the first group of feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the first circle is d 1 , and a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of feeds and the focal point is ⁇ 1 centers of a second group of feeds are evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the second group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 2 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the second circle is d 2 ,
  • R 1 meets: R 1 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 1 meets: d 1 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 1 / 2 ;
  • R 2 meets: R 2 ⁇ R 1 + F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 2 meets: d 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 2 / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of feeds is ⁇ 1 , a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second
  • the at least two feeds include n groups of feeds, where centers of an n th group of feeds are evenly placed on an n th circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the n th circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the n th group of feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent feeds on the n th circle is d n , a distance between the feed and the focal point is ⁇ n , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R n meets: R n ⁇ R n ⁇ 1 + F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d n meets: d n ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ n / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ n , is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an outgoing radiation beam from the focal point.
  • the feed switching module is a radio frequency switch or a Butler matrix switch.
  • the signal quality includes:
  • a second aspect provides a beam scan system, including:
  • a third aspect provides a beam scanning method, including:
  • the at least two feeds include one first feed and at least one second feed; the first feed is placed at a focal point of the aperture unit, and after being reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, a beam sent by the first feed is parallel to the axis of the aperture unit; and the second feed is placed at a periphery of the first feed, and after a beam sent by the second feed is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit.
  • centers of the second feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of the second feed on a focal plane and the focal point is R, the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located, the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d, radiation apertures of the second feeds are on a same plane, a distance between the radiation apertures of the second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R meets: R ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d meets: d ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first feed.
  • two groups of second feeds are included, where centers of a first group of second feeds are evenly placed on a first circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the first circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the first group of second feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the first circle is d 1 , and a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ 1 centers of a second group of second feeds are evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the second group of second feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 2 , the focal plane is a plane that is perpen
  • R 1 meets: R 1 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • R 2 meets: R 2 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 1 meets: d 1 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 1 / 2 ;
  • d 2 meets: d 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 2 / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ 1 is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of second feeds, ⁇ 2 is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second group of second
  • n groups of second feeds are included, where centers of an n th group of second feeds are evenly placed on an n th circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the n th circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the n th group of second feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the n th circle is d n , radiation apertures of the second feeds are on a same plane, a distance between the radiation apertures of the second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ n , and ⁇ n is greater than or equal to zero.
  • d n meets: d n ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ n / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ n , is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the second feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first feed.
  • the at least two feeds are placed around a focal point of the aperture unit, and after a beam sent by any feed of the at least two feeds is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit.
  • centers of the at least two feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of the feed on a focal plane and the focal point is R, the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located, the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d, a distance between the feed and the focal point is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R meets: R ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d meets: d ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an outgoing radiation beam from the focal point.
  • the at least two feeds include two groups, where centers of a first group of feeds are evenly placed on a first circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the first circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the first group of feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the first circle is d 1 , and a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of feeds and the focal point is ⁇ 1 centers of a second group of feeds are evenly placed on a second circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the second circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the second group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 2 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds on the second circle is d 2 , and a
  • R 1 meets: R 1 ⁇ F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 1 meets: d 1 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 1 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 1 / 2 ;
  • R 2 meets: R 2 ⁇ R 1 + F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + k D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ;
  • d 2 meets: d 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R 2 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ 2 / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of feeds is ⁇ 1 , a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam
  • the at least two feeds include n groups of feeds, where centers of an n th group of feeds are evenly placed on an n th circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the n th circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the n th group of feeds on a focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent feeds on the n th circle is d n , a distance between the feed and the focal point is ⁇ n , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero.
  • R n meets: R n ⁇ R n ⁇ 1 + F ⁇ tan ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1 + ⁇ D / 4 F 2 1 + D / 4 F 2 ; and d n meets: d n ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 ⁇ 2 R n 2 + F 2 cos ⁇ / 2 + ⁇ n / 2 , where F is the focal length of the aperture unit, D is the diameter of the aperture unit, k is a constant less than or equal to 1, ⁇ n , is a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the feed, and ⁇ is a beam angle of an outgoing radiation beam from the focal point.
  • the method further includes: detecting whether the feed having the best signal quality changes, and if yes, reselecting one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the detecting whether the feed having the best signal quality changes specifically includes:
  • the signal quality includes:
  • an embodiment of a beam scanning antenna includes:
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds and one aperture unit, where the feeds are configured to radiate an electromagnetic wave signal, and the aperture unit is configured to focus the electromagnetic wave signal by means of reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit may be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the at least two feeds include one first feed and at least one second feed.
  • the first feed may be placed at a focal point of the aperture unit, and after being reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, a beam sent by the first feed is parallel to the axis of the aperture unit.
  • the second feed may be placed at a periphery of the first feed, and after a beam sent by the second feed is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit. Specifically, a value of the angle is related to an offset distance and an azimuth of each feed relative to the focal point. Because each second feed is placed at a different position around the focal point, a direction of a reflected beam of each second feed is also different, so that the second feeds and the first feed together form a relatively large beam coverage range.
  • a schematic diagram of feed arrangement is provided on a left side of FIG. 2
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 2 .
  • the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located.
  • the feeds include: one first feed and a group of second feeds.
  • Centers of the second feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, and a distance between a projection of the second feed on the focal plane and the focal point is R (as shown in the schematic diagram on the left side of FIG. 2 ).
  • a half-power angle of an aperture radiation beam is ⁇ , and a corresponding gain is G dBi.
  • a schematic diagram of feed arrangement is provided on a left side of FIG. 3
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 3 .
  • the feeds include: one first feed and two groups of second feeds.
  • Centers of a first group of second feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the first group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d 1 , and a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam corresponding to the first group of second feeds is ⁇ 1.
  • Centers of a second group of second feeds are evenly placed on another circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the second group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 2 , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d 2 , and a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam corresponding to the second group of second feeds is ⁇ 2 .
  • a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of second feeds and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0), and a distance between radiation apertures of the second group of second feeds and the radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0).
  • a seamless scanning range maximally can cover an angle of 5 ⁇ .
  • Values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 need to respectively make main lobe direction gains of the aperture radiation beams corresponding to the first and second groups of second feeds be greater than (G-3) dBi.
  • n groups of second feeds may be placed, and in this case, a seamless scanning range maximally can cover an angle of (2n+1)* ⁇ .
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a left side of FIG. 4
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a plane perpendicular to the focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 4 .
  • the feeds include: one first feed and n groups of second feeds.
  • Centers of an n th group of second feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any second feed in the n th group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent second feeds is d n , and a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam corresponding to is ⁇ n .
  • a distance between the radiation apertures and a radiation aperture of the first feed is ⁇ n ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0).
  • a feed is used as a primary radiator of a high-gain antenna, and focusing of an electromagnetic wave is implemented by means of reflection or refraction by the aperture unit, thereby implementing a high gain of the antenna.
  • the aperture unit is a reflective surface, only one primary reflective surface can be used.
  • the first feed should be located at a focal point of the primary reflective surface, and an arrangement of the at least two feeds should meet the foregoing arrangement manner to implement seamless scanning.
  • a manner of one secondary reflective surface and one primary reflective surface may also be used.
  • the at least two feeds form multiple virtual focal points on a symmetrical surface of the secondary reflective surface, and an arrangement of the multiple virtual focal points should meet the foregoing arrangement manner to implement seamless scanning.
  • the aperture unit is a lens
  • the first feed should be located at a focal point of the lens, and an arrangement of the at least two feeds should meet the foregoing arrangement manner to implement seamless scanning.
  • the at least two feeds may further be placed around a focal point of the aperture unit, and after a beam sent by any feed of the at least two feeds is reflected or refracted by the aperture unit, an angle is formed between the beam and the axis of the aperture unit.
  • a value of the angle is related to an offset distance and an azimuth of each feed relative to the focal point. Because each feed is placed at a different position around the focal point, a direction of a reflected beam of each feed is also different, so that a relatively large beam coverage range is formed.
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds. Centers of the at least two feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, and the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit.
  • a schematic diagram of feed arrangement is provided on a left side of FIG. 5
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 5 .
  • the focal plane is a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit and at which the focal point is located, and a distance between a projection of the feed on a focal plane and the focal point is R.
  • the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d
  • a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam corresponding to the feeds is marked as ⁇ . It is assumed that when the feeds are placed at the focal point, a half-power angle of the aperture radiation beam is ⁇ , and a corresponding gain is G dBi.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a left side of FIG. 6 , and a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a plane perpendicular to the focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 6 .
  • the feeds include: two groups of feeds, where centers of a first group of feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the first group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R 1 , the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d 1 , and a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam of the first group of feeds is ⁇ 1 .
  • a distance between radiation apertures of the first group of feeds and the focal point is ⁇ 1 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0), and a distance between radiation apertures of the second group of feeds and the focal point is ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ 0).
  • a seamless scanning range maximally can cover an angle of 4 ⁇ .
  • Values of ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 need to respectively make main lobe direction gains of the aperture radiation beams corresponding to the first and second groups of feeds be greater than (G-3) dBi.
  • n groups of feeds may be placed, and in this case, a seamless scanning range maximally can cover an angle of 2n* ⁇ .
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a focal plane is provided on a left side of FIG. 7
  • a schematic diagram of a position of a feed projected on a plane perpendicular to the focal plane is provided on a right side of FIG. 7 .
  • the feeds include n groups of feeds.
  • Centers of an n th group of feeds are evenly placed on a circle perpendicular to the axis of the aperture unit, the center of the circle is located on the axis of the aperture unit, a distance between a projection of any feed in the n th group of feeds on the focal plane and the focal point is R n , the center distance between two adjacent feeds is d n , a beam angle of an aperture radiation beam corresponding to is ⁇ n , and a distance between radiation apertures of the feeds and the focal point is ⁇ n ( ⁇ n ⁇ 0). It is assumed that when the feeds are placed at the focal point, a half-power angle of the aperture radiation beam is ⁇ , and a corresponding gain is G dBi.
  • feeds are only exemplary. It is assumed that in a same group, feeds have a same radiation gain. In an actual application, because individual differences between feeds, or based on a consideration of special design, radiation gains of feeds in a same group may be not completely the same, and a minimum radiation beam angle may be used as a calculation reference.
  • the feed switching module 102 includes multiple switches, and each feed is respectively connected to one switch in the feed switching module 102.
  • the feed switching module may be a radio frequency switch or a Butler (Butler) matrix switch.
  • the radio frequency switch can select only one feed each time.
  • the Butler matrix switch may select one or more feeds at one time. In an actual application, if a Butler matrix switch is used to select multiple feeds at one time, the multiple feeds may be used simultaneously to perform transmission and reception of signals.
  • the switching control module 103 is configured to enable, by using the feed switching module 102, each feed to perform signal quality detection, and select one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed. That is, the feed switching module 102 keeps a switch of the feed having the best signal quality on within a subsequent period of time.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna within a period of time, and not that one feed is always used as a feed that always works.
  • control logic set in the switching control module 103 needs to ensure that all feeds or feed combinations can be traversed in a feed selection process.
  • the switching control module 103 may further include a beam alignment module 1031, configured to perform switching control by using the feed switching module, and select one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the beam alignment module 1031 is a control module, in which the control logic of the feed switching module and logic of selecting a feed may be set.
  • the beam alignment module 1031 may be a digital signal processing (DSP, digital signal processor) or a central processing unit (CPU, Central Processing Unit) module.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the signal quality includes: any one or a combination of two or more of a received signal strength, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio) of a received signal, and a mean square error (MSE, Mean Square Error) of the received signal.
  • SNR Signal-to-noise ratio
  • MSE mean square error
  • a switching control module may traverse each feed by using the feed switching module to perform signal quality detection, and select one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed, thereby avoiding adjustment and alignment by means of manual rotation of an antenna.
  • an antenna in a microwave system may be placed outdoors. Therefore, in a weather of strong wind, the antenna may shake, causing a link interruption easily.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a corresponding solution. Referring to FIG. 8 , in the embodiments of the present application, another embodiment of a beam scanning antenna includes:
  • the switching control module 103 may further include: a beam alignment module 1031 and a beam tracking module 1032.
  • the beam alignment module 1031 is configured to perform switching control on the feed switching module by using set control logic, and select one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 is configured to detect whether the feed having the best signal quality changes, and if yes, notify the beam alignment module 1031 to select one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 instructs the feed switching module 102 to traverse the multiple feeds, and in a traverse process, perform signal quality detection when each feed is enabled, and determine, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes.
  • the traverse refers to enabling the feeds one by one.
  • switching is performed to another feed to perform signal quality detection.
  • a process of switching between feeds needs to be performed within a gap period of time of service data processing, or, buffering is performed on service data during switching between feeds, so as to avoid impact on transmission of service data.
  • a first notification message may be sent to the beam scanning antenna at a peer end to notify the peer end that "the local end is currently in a scanning state"; and when the peer end receives the first notification message, a beam tracking module of the peer end locks the beam scanning antenna from performing scanning, that is, keeps the working feed unchanged.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 at the local end may also notify the peer end that "currently not in a scanning state", and when the peer end receives the information, the beam tracking module of the peer end unlocks the beam scanning antenna to perform scanning, that is, may start feed traversal according to cases.
  • a notification mechanism for ending feed traversal may be that the local end sends a second notification message to the peer end, or may be that the local end stops sending the first notification message, and the peer end does not receive the first notification message within a preset time and then assumes that "currently not in a scanning state".
  • a fixed period may be set in the beam tracking module 1032, and the feed switching module is instructed at an interval of preset duration to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes.
  • the beam tracking module 1032 monitors received signal quality in real time, and when it is detected that received signal quality of a current working feed is less than a preset threshold, traverses the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes.
  • a user may further initiate a procedure of signal quality detection, and the user may send a user instruction to the beam tracking module 1032, to instruct the feed switching module to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection, and determines, according to a result of the signal quality detection, whether the feed having the best signal quality changes.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a microwave system including the foregoing beam scanning antenna.
  • a microwave system includes:
  • the baseband processing module 20 is connected to the intermediate radio frequency transceiver module 30, and the baseband processing module 20 is configured to perform modulation and demodulation on transmitted and received signals respectively, and implement service processing according to the transmitted and received signals.
  • the intermediate radio frequency transceiver module 30 is configured to implement separation of the received and transmitted signals. Specifically, the intermediate radio frequency transceiver module 30 includes: a transmit link Tx and a receive link Rx.
  • the beam scanning antenna 10 is connected to the intermediate radio frequency transceiver module 40, and the beam scanning antenna includes: a multi-feed antenna 101, a feed switching module 102, and a switching control module 103.
  • the multi-feed antenna 101 includes at least two feeds and one aperture unit.
  • the aperture unit is configured to focus an electromagnetic wave signal by means of reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit may be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the feed switching module 102 includes multiple switches, and each feed is respectively connected to one switch in the feed switching module 102.
  • the switching control module 103 is configured to enable, by using the feed switching module 102, each feed to perform signal quality detection, and select one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed. That is, the feed switching module 102 keeps a switch of the feed having the best signal quality on within a subsequent period of time.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna within a period of time, and not that one feed is always used as a feed that always works.
  • control logic set in the switching control module 103 needs to ensure that all feeds are at least enabled once.
  • an embodiment of a beam alignment method includes:
  • a switching control module instructs a feed switching module to enable each feed in a multi-feed antenna, so that the feeds separately perform signal quality detection
  • the multi-feed antenna includes an aperture unit and at least two feeds, where the feeds are configured to radiate an electromagnetic wave signal, and the aperture unit is configured to focus the electromagnetic wave signal by means of reflection or refraction.
  • the aperture unit may be a reflective surface or a lens.
  • the feed switching module includes multiple switches, and each feed is respectively connected to one switch in the feed switching module.
  • the feed switching module may be a radio frequency switch or a Butler (Butler) matrix switch.
  • the radio frequency switch can select only one feed each time.
  • the Butler matrix switch may select one or more feeds at one time. In an actual application, if a Butler matrix switch is used to select multiple feeds at one time, the multiple feeds may be used simultaneously to perform transmission and reception of signals.
  • the switching control module acquires a result of signal quality detection performed by each feed.
  • a switch of a feed when a switch of a feed is turned on, a signal transmitted by a beam scanning antenna at another end is received, and signal quality detection is then performed on the signal. After signal quality detection is completed, the feeds send a result of the signal quality detection to the switching control module.
  • the signal quality includes: any one or a combination of two or more of a received signal strength, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR, Signal to Noise Ratio) of a received signal, and a mean square error (MSE, Mean Square Error) of the received signal.
  • SNR Signal-to-noise ratio
  • MSE Mean Square Error
  • the switching control module selects, according to the result of the signal quality detection, one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna within a period of time, and not that one feed is always used as a feed that always works.
  • control logic set in the switching control module needs to ensure that in a process of feed selection, all feeds or feed combinations can be traversed and enabled at least once.
  • the feed having the best signal quality may be determined according only to any parameter of a power strength of a signal, an SNR of the signal, and an MSE of the signal, that is, a feed having the greatest power strength, or having the highest SNR, or having the minimum MSE is selected.
  • the feed having the best signal quality may also be selected in combination with a condition of any two or more of a power strength of a signal, an SNR of the signal, and an MSE of the signal and with reference to corresponding weights.
  • a specific implementation manner may be decided according to an actual need, and is not limited herein.
  • a switching control module may enable, by using the feed switching module, each feed to perform signal quality detection, and select one feed having the best signal quality as a working feed, thereby avoiding manual adjustment and alignment of an antenna.
  • an antenna in a microwave system may be placed outdoors. Therefore, in a weather of strong wind, the antenna may shake, causing a link interruption easily.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a corresponding solution. Referring to FIG. 11 , in the embodiments of the present application, another embodiment of a beam scanning antenna includes:
  • the switching control module instructs the feed switching module to traverse the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection.
  • the switching control module may further include: a beam alignment module and a beam tracking module.
  • the beam alignment module is configured to perform switching control on the feed switching module by using set control logic, and select one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the beam tracking module is configured to detect whether the feed having the best signal quality changes, and if yes, notify the beam alignment module to select one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • feed switching needs some time, a process of switching between feeds needs to be performed within a gap period of time of service data processing, or, buffering is performed on service data during switching between feeds, so as to avoid impact on transmission of service data.
  • a first notification message may be sent to the beam scanning antenna at a peer end to notify the peer end that "currently in a scanning state"; and when the peer end receives the first notification message, a beam tracking module of the peer end locks the beam scanning antenna from performing scanning, that is, keeps the working feed unchanged.
  • the beam tracking module may also notify the peer end that "the local end is currently not in a scanning state", and when the peer end receives the information, the beam tracking module of the peer end unlocks the beam scanning antenna to perform scanning, that is, may start feed traversal according to cases.
  • a notification mechanism for ending feed traversal may be that the local end sends a second notification message to the peer end, or may be that the local end stops sending the first notification message, and the peer end does not receive the first notification message within a preset time and then assumes that "currently not in a scanning state".
  • a user may set one fixed duration, and set the beam tracking module to instruct, at an interval of preset duration, the feed switching module to traverse the feeds.
  • a user initiates a procedure of signal detection, and the user may send a user instruction to the beam tracking module, to instruct the feed switching module to traverse the feeds.
  • the user instruction may be sent by using remote control, a set program or a preset button, and a specific implementation form may be decided according to an actual need, which is not limited herein.
  • the beam tracking module monitors received signal quality in real time, and when it is detected that received signal quality of a current working feed is less than a preset threshold, traverses the feeds, so that each enabled feed separately performs signal quality detection.
  • the switching control module acquires a result of signal quality detection performed by each feed.
  • a switch of a feed when a switch of a feed is turned on, a signal transmitted by a beam scanning antenna at another end is received, and signal quality detection is then performed on the signal. After signal quality detection is completed, the feeds send a result of the signal quality detection to the switching control module.
  • the switching control module selects one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the switching control module selects one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed.
  • the working feed refers to a feed that actually works in a beam scanning antenna within a period of time, and not that one feed is always used as a feed that always works.
  • a period of time within which the feeds are sequentially enabled once is one traversal period.
  • a working feed is adjusted according to an actual case, that is, even an antenna in a microwave system shakes and a feed is offset, a switching control module can still automatically reselect one feed having the best signal quality as the working feed, so that signal receive and transmit quality of a microwave link is not severely affected.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
EP14899647.3A 2014-08-14 2014-08-14 Antenne à balayage de faisceau, système hyperfréquence et procédé d'alignement de faisceau Active EP3171456B1 (fr)

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US20170162945A1 (en) 2017-06-08
EP3171456A4 (fr) 2017-08-02
CN106663877B (zh) 2020-06-26
US10290947B2 (en) 2019-05-14
CN106663877A (zh) 2017-05-10
WO2016023206A1 (fr) 2016-02-18

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