EP3160671A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules

Info

Publication number
EP3160671A1
EP3160671A1 EP15733419.4A EP15733419A EP3160671A1 EP 3160671 A1 EP3160671 A1 EP 3160671A1 EP 15733419 A EP15733419 A EP 15733419A EP 3160671 A1 EP3160671 A1 EP 3160671A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
particles
particle
binder
mixtures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15733419.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Wagner
Uwe Ott
Kerstin Schindler
Christian Wolfrum
Markus Rupprecht
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eckart GmbH
Original Assignee
Eckart GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eckart GmbH filed Critical Eckart GmbH
Publication of EP3160671A1 publication Critical patent/EP3160671A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/22—Glass ; Devitrified glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/303—Alumina
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/34—Metals, e.g. ferro-silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B26/06—Acrylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/05—Light metals
    • B22F2301/052—Aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/10—Copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
    • B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
    • C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
    • C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to particle-containing cylinders which can be separated by simple methods and converted into aerosol form. These aerosols are particularly suitable to be in the form of an aerosol stream in one
  • Uniformity depends. This is especially true when a thin and yet reliable coating should be obtained.
  • Known methods use for generating the coatings, for example, kinetic energy, thermal energy or mixtures thereof, wherein the thermal energy may for example come from a conventional combustion flame or a plasma flame.
  • the latter are further distinguished in thermal and non-thermal plasmas, which have in common that a gas is partially or completely separated into free charge carriers such as ions or electrons.
  • the formation of the coating takes place by applying a powder to a substrate surface, the powder particles being greatly accelerated.
  • a heated process gas by expansion in a Laval nozzle For this purpose, a heated process gas by expansion in a Laval nozzle
  • WO 2010/003396 A1 discloses the use of cold gas spraying as a coating method for applying wear protection coatings.
  • Flame spraying belongs to the group of thermal coating processes.
  • a powdery coating material is introduced into the flame of a fuel gas-oxygen mixture.
  • acetylene oxygen flames temperatures of up to about 3200 ° C can be achieved.
  • Details of the method may include publications such as e.g. EP 830 464 B1 and US 5,207,382 A are taken.
  • thermal plasma spraying a powdery coating material is injected into a thermal plasma.
  • temperatures of up to about 20,000 K are reached, whereby the injected powder is melted and deposited as a coating on a substrate.
  • thermal plasma spraying and specific embodiments as well as process parameters are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • EP 0 344 781 discloses the use of flame spraying and thermal plasma spraying as a coating method using a tungsten carbide powder mixture.
  • Specific devices for use in plasma spraying methods are widely described in the literature, such as in EP 0 342 428 A2, US 7,678,428 B2, US 7,928,338 B2 and EP 1 287 898 A2.
  • High speed flame spraying is well known to those skilled in the art and has been described in numerous publications.
  • EP 0 825 272 A2 discloses a substrate coating with a copper alloy using the high-speed flame spraying.
  • WO 2010/037548 A1 and EP 0 492 384 A1 disclose the method of high speed flame spraying and apparatus for use herein.
  • the non-thermal plasma spraying is largely analogous to the thermal
  • a powder coating material is injected into a non-thermal plasma and applied to a substrate surface.
  • this method is characterized by a particularly low thermal load of the coated
  • particulate coating material it is, however, that to produce a homogeneous, but thin coating, a very high homogeneity of the particle aerosol used is required.
  • a very high homogeneity of the particle aerosol used is required.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a simple process for the uniform promotion of particles and the means required for this purpose.
  • aerosol streams are to be obtained which are advantageous in
  • Coating process can be used. At the same time as small as possible apparatus requirements are placed on the powder delivery and broad spectra of particles can be used without major equipment adjustments. This object is achieved by the objects, methods and uses specified in the claims and aspects.
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm 3 and is dimensionally stable,
  • the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder,
  • the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,
  • the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 50 of at most 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.
  • the sum of all wt .-% of the components of a cylinder according to the invention can be a total of at most 100 wt .-%.
  • the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates,
  • the organic binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides,
  • polyacrylate copolymers in the context of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not included in the term polyacrylate, examples of which are styrene-acrylate copolymers
  • polyaldehyde copolymers for the purposes of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not of the term polyaldehyde are included. Examples of these are cyclohexanone-formaldehyde copolymers.
  • polyolefin copolymers in the context of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not included in the term polyolefin.
  • polyolefin refers to corresponding polymers which are not included in the term polyvinyl
  • cylinder in the context of the present invention is understood in principle to mean the geometric basic form known as cylinder, i. one of two parallel, flat, congruent surfaces (base and top surface) and a shell or
  • Cylindrical surface of limited body wherein the lateral surface is formed by parallel straight lines.
  • the term cylinder in the sense of the present invention also theoretically includes endless cylindrical shapes, which are for example by means of a
  • the cylinders of the present invention are individual cylinders, the length of which is preferably less than 2 meters, more preferably less than 1 meter.
  • the cylinder according to the invention can of course be considered as a real body of the ideal structure of a geometrically perfect cylinder.
  • the real structure can be approximated to 5 vol%, more preferably up to 3 vol%, by means of a geometrically ideal cylinder.
  • pieces of the cylinder are separated and measured at random selection to determine the average volume.
  • the length of the pieces is in this case at least 7 cm, preferably 7 cm, provided that the arithmetic mean of the base and top surface is at least 7 cm 2 .
  • the length is at least x cm, preferably x cm.
  • the determination of the volume is carried out by methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example the determination of the displaced volume of the relevant cylinder in a liquid.
  • the term "dimensionally stable" is understood to mean that the cylinder does not disintegrate, ie crumble or break, under typical conditions such as storage, transport and insertion into corresponding devices at least 0.006 N / mm 2 .
  • a test specimen is preferably in the form of a cuboid with a square base (2 cm) edge length and a height of at least 9 cm on two parallel
  • Support rods arranged at a distance of 8 cm in the middle. If the cylinder to be tested does not have a cuboid shape, it can be brought into the cuboid shape, for example, by grinding, sawing, cutting, etc.
  • pressure is exerted from above by means of a load rod and the applied force is recorded.
  • Support rods and load rod are cylindrical bodies with circular base and a diameter of 5 mm. The support rods and the load rod are freely supported to minimize friction.
  • the measuring instrument used is preferably an Instron 5565 universal testing machine at 22 ° C. and 45% relative humidity. The measurement is carried out by means of a
  • the arithmetic mean of at least 5 samples, preferably 5 samples, is used. Individual faulty samples are naturally discarded and not used in the calculation. For example, a lower flexural strength may be caused by an air bubble trapped in the column.
  • the flexural strength of individual samples is disregarded, provided that their flexural strength deviates by at least 10% from the arithmetic mean of the remaining samples, with the most deviant samples discarded. In this case, up to 10% of the samples, the number of these 10% rounded up to an integer, can be discarded. Instead of these discarded samples become unique
  • glass particles are understood in particular to be particles having silicon dioxide as the main constituent.
  • An example of a particularly advantageous glass to be used is borosilicate glass.
  • microparticles is preferably understood as meaning particles of mica, such as, for example, fluorophlogopite. Although have natural mica
  • Composition must be respected, for example, in the food sector or the semiconductor industry, to prefer synthetic mica.
  • An example of ceramic particles are particles of alumina ceramics.
  • the present invention relates to a particle-containing cylinder, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm 3 and is dimensionally stable,
  • the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,
  • the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 50 of at most 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.
  • the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the organic binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides,
  • Epoxy resins polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers,
  • Polyaldehyde copolymers polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,
  • Polyethylene oxides polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin,
  • Epoxy resins the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred developments of the cylinders according to the invention can be found, for example, in aspects 30 to 50 and claim 14. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a cylinder according to the invention for producing a particle-containing aerosol. Preferred developments of the uses according to the invention can be found, for example, in aspect 52.
  • the present invention relates to an article by means of a
  • Aerosol produced according to the invention was coated.
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein a particle-containing cylinder is comminuted.
  • the comminution of the cylinder can be carried out by means of methods familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • devices using a brush or sanding belt have been proven.
  • Corresponding devices using a brush are also widely used, for example, for transferring a loose powder in aerosol form.
  • Conveyors use rotating milling heads such as roughing or face milling cutters. Further, abrasive wheels or abrasive rollers may be used with abrasive grains such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide or diamond.
  • a particular advantage of the present invention is that particularly easy to process columns can be obtained, which can be used by means of simple conveying method such as the brush promotion without heavy wear on the conveyor.
  • the average particle size (D 50 ) of the aerosol is preferably at most 5 times, more preferably at most 3 times, even more preferably at most 2 times the size of the particles.
  • the measurement of the mean particle size of the particles contained in the column and the aerosol particles is preferably carried out by means of laser granulometry using a particle size analyzer HELOS of the Fa.
  • the dispersion of a dry powder can in this case with a dispersing unit of the type Rodos T4.1 in a Primary pressure of 4 bar, for example.
  • the evaluation of the scattered light signals is carried out according to the Fraunhofer method.
  • the aerosol according to the invention is preferably converted directly into the desired application as an aerosol stream.
  • Plasma spraying can be used. It is believed that coating processes which typically cause only very little activation of the incorporated particles benefit particularly strongly from the particularly homogeneous aerosol flow, resulting in very homogeneous and high quality coatings.
  • the aerosol prepared according to the invention can be used for coating a wide variety of substances using a wide variety of coating methods. Coating processes which are selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying have proved particularly advantageous in this connection.
  • the invention has
  • the cold gas spraying is characterized in that a particulate material to be applied is not melted in the gas jet, but that the particles are greatly accelerated and form a coating on the surface of the substrate due to their kinetic energy.
  • gases known to those skilled in the art can be used as the carrier gas, for example nitrogen, helium, argon, air, krypton, neon, xenon, carbon dioxide, oxygen or mixtures thereof. In certain variants, it is particularly preferred that the gas used is air, helium or mixtures thereof.
  • the particles can be accelerated up to 2000 m / s. In certain variants of cold gas spraying, however, it is preferred that the particles have, for example, speeds between 300 m / s and 1600 m / s, preferably between 1000 m / s and 1600 m / s, more preferably between 1250 m / s and 1600 m / s.
  • a particulate material is converted into the liquid or plastic state by means of a flame and then applied as a coating to a substrate.
  • a substrate e.g. a mixture of oxygen and a combustible gas such as acetylene or hydrogen burned.
  • part of the oxygen is used to make the powdery one
  • a particulate material is converted into a liquid or plastic state by means of a flame during high-speed flame spraying.
  • the particles are accelerated significantly faster compared to the aforementioned method.
  • a velocity of the gas stream of 1220 to 1525 m / s is called with a velocity of the particles of about 550 to 795 m / s.
  • gas velocities of over 2000 m / s are achieved.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s.
  • the common variants that the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s
  • Flame temperature between 2200 ° C and 3000 ° C is.
  • the temperature of the flame is thus comparable to the temperature during flame spraying. This is achieved by
  • the detonation / explosive flame spraying can be classified as subspecies of the
  • High velocity flame spraying This becomes a particulate Material greatly accelerated by repeated detonations of a gas mixture such as acetylene / oxygen, for example, particle velocities of about 730 m / s are achieved.
  • the detonation frequency of the method is in this case, for example, between about 4 to 10 Hz.
  • detonation frequencies are selected by about 100 Hz.
  • the resulting layers should usually have a particularly high hardness, strength, density and good bonding to the substrate surface. Disadvantages of the above-mentioned methods are the increased safety expenditure, and for example the high noise pollution due to the high gas velocities.
  • a primary gas such as argon at a rate of 40 l / min and a secondary gas such as hydrogen with a
  • the feed of 40 g / min of the powdery coating material by means of a carrier gas stream, which is passed at a rate of 4 l / min in the plasma flame.
  • the delivery rate of the powdered coating material is between 5 g / min and 60 g / min, more preferably between 10 g / min and 40 g / min.
  • it is preferably argon, helium or
  • the total gas flow is also preferably 30 to 150 SLPM (standard liters per minute) for certain variants.
  • the electrical power used for the ionization of the gas flow without the heat energy dissipated as a result of cooling can be selected, for example, between 5 and 100 kW, preferably between 40 and 80 kW.
  • Plasma temperatures between 4000 K and a few 10000 K can be achieved.
  • a non-thermal plasma is used to activate the powdery coating material.
  • the plasma used in this case is generated for example with a barrier discharge or corona discharge with a frequency of 50 Hz to 1 MHz.
  • the temperature of the plasma is preferably less than 3000 K, preferably less than 2500 K and more preferably less than 2000 K. This minimizes the technical complexity and keeps the energy input in the applied coating material as low as possible, which in turn allows a gentle coating of the substrate ,
  • the magnitude of the temperature of the plasma flame is thus preferably comparable to that in flame spraying or in
  • High velocity flame spraying Targeted choice of parameters also allows the generation of nonthermal plasmas with core temperatures below 1 173 K or even below 773 K in the core region.
  • the measurement of the temperature in the core region takes place here, for example, with a thermocouple type NiCr / Ni and a tip diameter of 3 mm in 10 mm distance from the nozzle exit in the core of the exiting plasma jet at ambient pressure.
  • Such non-thermal plasmas are especially for
  • Coatings of very temperature-sensitive substrates suitable.
  • Coating with the best possible utilization of the coating material used As a distance of the spray lance to the substrate, for example, a distance of 1 mm is selected. This allows for the greatest possible flexibility of the coatings while ensuring high-quality coatings. Conveniently, the distance between the spray lance and the substrate is between 1 mm and 35 mm.
  • ionizable gas various gases known to those skilled in the art and mixtures thereof can be used in the non-thermal plasma process. Examples include helium, argon, xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen or air,
  • argon or air.
  • a particularly preferred ionizable gas is air.
  • the speed of the plasma flow is below 200 m / s.
  • Flow rate can, for example, a value between 0.01 m / s and 100 m / s, preferably between 0.2 m / s and 10 m / s are selected.
  • the volume flow of the carrier gas is between 10 and 25 l / min, more preferably between 15 and 19 l / min.
  • the cylinders according to the invention allow a particularly uniform delivery of the particles and thus the generation of a particularly homogeneous aerosol.
  • an aerosol flow is generated whose variation is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%.
  • Such a uniform promotion can be maintained, for example, over a period of at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 20 minutes, more preferably at least 40 minutes.
  • the embodiments are at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean of the longest axes along the base surface and the top surface.
  • “height" of the cylinder is meant the distance between base and top surface, for example, the height of a cylindrical base and top surface of the invention having a diameter of 5 cm is advantageously at least 10 cm, preferably at least 15 cm, more preferably at least 20 cm ,
  • the base and top surfaces of the particle-containing cylinders are substantially elliptical or circular, preferably circular.
  • the surface area of the base surface and top surface to a deviation of at most 10%, more preferably of at most 7%, even more preferably of at most 4%, of the
  • the deviation is less than 3 °, more preferably less than 2 °.
  • the present invention relates to particle-containing cylinders, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm 3 and is dimensionally stable,
  • the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder,
  • the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,
  • the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 50 of at most 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.
  • the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide,
  • the organic binders will preferably be selected from the group consisting of cellulose,
  • Polyethylene oxides polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, Polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers,
  • the determination of the amount of particles and amount of binder is carried out by methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, such as AAS, EDX and RFA.
  • the total weight of the cylinder is determined in the dry state. Preferably after at least 24 hours, more preferably 24 hours, storage under STPD conditions (0 ° C, 101 kPa and
  • the cylinders preferably have a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm 2 , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm 2 , It also showed that by using cylinders with lower
  • the flexural strength is preferably at most 2.1 N / mm 2, more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm 2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm 2.
  • the flexural strength be in the range of 0.0075 to 3.75 N / mm 2 , more preferably in the range of 0.0105 to 2, 1 N / mm 2 , even more preferably in the range of 0.012 is to 1, 2 N / mm 2 and even more preferably in the range from 0.015 to 0.675 N / mm 2.
  • the bending strength of the skilled person for example, on the choice of
  • Binder its amount, the amount of optionally contained fillers, etc. are set specifically.
  • An increase in the bending strength can be achieved, for example, by using a high-strength binder, increasing the binder ratio, pressure when compressing respective cylinders, etc.
  • a Humiliation can be achieved, for example, by choosing a binder with lower
  • Binding effect the lowering of the binder content, the increase of the
  • Solvent the addition of a filler, etc. can be achieved. It has also been observed that in order to achieve identical flexural strength, the more binder the more particles are required, the more typically the binder must be used
  • Ideal shape deviate and the lower the density of the material of the particles. Furthermore, it has proved to produce homogeneous cylinder advantageous if, for example, in manufacturing processes such as slip casting, the amount of solvent is kept as low as possible. A corresponding suspension should be flowable, but should contain as little solvent as possible. Further, various additives can be used to make the cylinders of the present invention. For example, rheology-modifying additives can be used which impart thixotropic behavior to the corresponding suspensions. In addition, wetting aids can be used to facilitate, for example, incorporation of the particles and / or the binder in the desired solvent. Examples of these are surfactants or organic solvents.
  • the particles may also be coated with binder prior to preparation of the column. This has the advantage that a particularly homogeneous distribution of the binder, even at low binder amounts without strong mixing steps or
  • Solvent can be achieved.
  • Such a coating for example consisting of a monomer, is optionally polymerized with further binder in order to effect the cohesion of the column. It can, however
  • the coated particulate material without further binder transferred into a mold and cured thermally.
  • coatings of the particles which are at least one of the binder are at least one of the binder
  • Polyacrylate coating at a polyacrylate binder or a silicon oxide-containing coating with silica binder counted to the amount of binder Preferably, however, only coatings of the particles are counted to the amount of binder, which have also formed a covalent bond to the binder.
  • Rheology-modifying additives may include, for example, polymeric materials such as polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids, carboxymethylcelluloses, Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses, methylcelluloses, alginates, polyethylene glycols,
  • Polyvinyl alcohols polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyurethanes and polysaccharides and
  • inorganic additives such as silica and organoclay
  • silica and organoclay can be used.
  • BYK-Chemie, BYK-410, BYK-1 1, BYK-415, BYK-420, BYK-425, BYK ⁇ 128, BYK-430 and BYK-431 are available as polymeric rheology-modifying additives.
  • An example of the organociays are bentonites.
  • a rheology modifying additive from the group of silicas for example, pyrogenic silica can be used.
  • the particles used in the cylinders according to the invention preferably have a d 50 in a range of 1 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 1, 5 ⁇ to 230 ⁇ , more preferably in a range of 2 ⁇ to 180 ⁇ , even more preferably in a range of 2.5 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ , on. These showed a good and homogeneous under a wide range of delivery conditions and flow rates
  • the content of particles is preferably in a range of
  • the aerosol stream according to the invention is to be used in an application in which, for example, a small amount of energy is to be introduced, such as non-thermal plasma spraying, it proved to be difficult with the non-platelet-shaped coating material to be particularly mild
  • the particles of the cylinders of the invention are platelet-shaped particles, wherein the proportion of platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 30 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%, preferably in a range of 40 wt % to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range of 50 wt .-% to 65 wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • These cylinders provided good results in terms of particle conveyability and in subsequent applications such as non-thermal plasma spraying. The good results even under very mild coating conditions are attributed to the fact that the significantly larger surface area of these particles is a stronger one
  • platelet-shaped means that corresponding particles have an aspect ratio of at least 10. Particles having an aspect ratio of less than 10 are referred to as “non-platelet-shaped" in the context of the present invention.
  • the term "aspect ratio” for the purposes of the present invention denotes the ratio of mean particle diameter (d 50 ) to average particle thickness (h 50 ).
  • the term “d 50 " or else "d 5 o value” denotes the value at which 50%
  • the measurements are preferably carried out using the particle size analyzer HELOS from Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, in which the dispersion of a dry powder can be carried out with a dispersion unit from the Type Rodos T4.1 at a primary pressure of 4 bar, for example, Alternatively, the size distribution curve of the particles, for example, with a device of the Fa.
  • Quantachrome (device: Cilas 1064) according to the manufacturer's instructions. For this purpose, 1, 5 g of the powdered coating material are dispersed in about 100 ml of ethanol, 300 seconds in an ultrasonic bath (device: Sonorex IK 52, Fa. Bandelin) treated and then added by means of a Pasteur pipette in the sample preparation cell of the meter and measured several times. From the individual
  • the thickness of the particles can be determined, for example, by means of SEM as follows.
  • the platelet-shaped particles according to the invention are first washed with acetone and then dried out.
  • a conventional in electron microscopy resin such as TEMPFIX (Gerhard Neubauer chemicals, D-48031 Weg, Germany) is applied to a sample plate and heated on a hot plate until softening. Subsequently, the sample tray is removed from the hot plate and the particles are sprinkled on the softened resin.
  • the resin solidifies again and the scattered particles can - due to the interplay between adhesion and gravity - be prepared almost vertically and fixed on the sample tray.
  • the particles are easy to measure laterally in the electron microscope.
  • h ef rWerten is based on the relative frequencies of the
  • the amount of the particles in the cylinder is in the range of (50 wt .-% - (0.2 ⁇ 0.9), depending on the amount of platelet-shaped particles at x wt .-% platelet-shaped particles, based on the total weight of the particles )% by weight) to (99.9 wt .-% - (0.249 x ⁇ ) wt .-%), preferably in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (98 Wt .-% - (0.28 ⁇ x) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 ⁇ x) wt%) to (97 wt .-% - ( 0.32 ⁇ x) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder according to the invention comprises fillers which are preferably selected from the group consisting of sheet silicates, clay minerals, metal oxides, silica gel, glass beads and mixtures thereof.
  • the cylinders according to the invention comprise boron nitride.
  • boron nitride for example, an increased abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity could be achieved.
  • the amount of boron nitride is in a range of from 0.1% to 50%, more preferably in a range of from 0.1% to 20%, more preferably in a range from 0.1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the total amount of particles and binders in the particle-containing cylinder is at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99.9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the reduction of contained non-reactive fillers has proved to be advantageous, since hereby improved coating formation could be achieved with, for example, reduced overspray.
  • the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are selected to be at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99.9% by weight, of either metal particles or glass particles or Microparticles or ceramic particles, based on the total weight of the particles. Particularly advantageous has the
  • the cylinders according to the invention can be used in the form of individual cylinders or as theoretically endless cylinders.
  • the latter are available for example by means of a direct extrusion of the cylinder material, wherein the extruded cylinder is fed directly into the conveyor.
  • Binders which provide rapid solidification of the cylinder material after the molding step, such as microcrystalline cellulose, are preferred.
  • the use of such a combination of a forming step with the conveying step allows a nearly unlimited, continuous promotion.
  • the use of individual cylinders allows, for example, a simpler device design and a simpler change between different column types.
  • the particle-containing cylinder according to the invention it has typically proven to be advantageous for the particle-containing cylinder according to the invention to have a volume of at least 8 cm 3 , preferably at least 11 cm 3 , more preferably at least 19 cm 3 , even more preferably at least 30 cm 3 , having.
  • the amount of the binders used in further embodiments is in a range from 0.05% to 70%, preferably in a range from 0.07% to 60%, more preferably in one Range from 0.1% to 45% by weight. Further, in other embodiments, preferably the amount of inorganic binder ranges from 1.5% to 70% by weight and the amount of organic binder ranges from 0.05% to 50% by weight. %, more preferably, the amount of inorganic binder in a range of 1.9% by weight to 60% by weight and the amount of organic binder in a range of
  • At least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the inorganic binders.
  • These binders have been found to be advantageous for providing particularly stable cylinders which, for example, provide high shelf life and stability under UV radiation.
  • examples of such inorganic binders are calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof, which materials may comprise water, especially in the form of water of crystallization.
  • the particle-containing cylinder preferably comprises at least 1.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1.9% by weight, even more preferably at least 2.2% by weight, of inorganic binders.
  • Calcium sulfate and its hydrates are commercially available, for example, under the name gypsum.
  • gypsum for the applications of the invention have high quality
  • Plaster variants such as dental plasters and model plasters, especially dental plasters, proved to be advantageous. It has shown that low-quality gypsum types such as building gypsum provided significantly worse results. It is believed that controlled setting is required to achieve a homogeneous cylinder structure. Constructions on the other hand seem more uneven due to price-driven mass production
  • substantially means at least 95%, preferably at least 99%. "As far as a material feature is concerned, such as the amount of a constituent material, so are Wt% meant.
  • a particularly preferred inorganic binder is calcium sulfate, wherein the calcium sulfate may comprise water, especially in the form of water of crystallization.
  • the term "calcium sulfate” is also understood as meaning the hydrates of calcium sulphate. This binder has proved to be particularly advantageous because under the typical conditions below
  • Coating can be applied without appreciable impairment of resulting coatings and is suitable due to its low reactivity for the formulation with a wide range of particles of the invention.
  • calcium sulfate has 2 water-bound molecules of water each
  • silica has been found to be a beneficial binder in other embodiments, and the term "silica" within the meaning of the present invention also includes the hydrates of the silica
  • the silica of the present invention is essentially silica
  • the stability of cylinders obtained in this way can be broad Spectrum can be determined by procedural details such as the conditions of curing and the variation of the educts. For example, only when curing at room temperature, different results can be achieved by using a defined gas flow such as air or C0 2 , the duration of the gas flow, and the amount of gas used.
  • water glass can also be varied, for example, by the addition of amorphous silicon, the hardness of the resulting cylinder.
  • At least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is an organic binder selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,
  • carboxymethyl cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; Gelatin; Polyvinyls such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and polyvinyl butyrals; Polyacrylates such as polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acid esters;
  • Polyethylene oxides Polyethylene glycols; polyamides; epoxy resins; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • These binders have, for example, the advantage that they can burn in the flame of a coating process at least partially, preferably completely, and the resulting gas is not incorporated into the coating and thus can be easily separated.
  • Preferred salts are alkali and alkaline earth salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts and calcium salts. Further, it is preferred that the cellulose derivatives are water-soluble.
  • the particle-containing cylinder preferably comprises at least 0.05% by weight, more preferably at least 0.07% by weight, even more preferably at least 0.1% by weight, of organic binders.
  • the cellulose derivatives are selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,
  • the organic binder is preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such as
  • Hydroxypropylcellulose hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose
  • Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; Gelatin; Polyvinyls such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and polyvinyl butyrals;
  • Polyacrylates such as polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acid esters;
  • Polyethylene oxides Polyethylene glycols; polyamides; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline
  • Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • Particularly preferred polyvinyls are polyvinyl alcohols and polyvinylpyrrolidones.
  • the aforementioned group is also an independent group which is very advantageous for certain embodiments.
  • the polymers according to the invention such as, for example, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates and polyethylene glycols have at least 10 monomer units, more preferably at least 20 monomer units more preferably at least 60 monomer units.
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, silica, mixtures of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates, mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica , Cellulosederivaten, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and
  • binders calcium sulfate and silicon oxide may comprise water in bound form, in particular as water of crystallization.
  • Calcium sulphate and cellulose derivatives have proved to be particularly advantageous binders according to the invention.
  • the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt .-% metal particles, based on the total weight of the particles.
  • metal particles is understood to mean that the particles consist of at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, of elemental metal, metal mixtures or metal alloys.
  • the metal of the metal particles becomes at least
  • the metal of the metal particles comprises at most 5 wt%, more preferably at most 2 wt%, more preferably at most 1 wt%, metals selected from the group consisting of silver,
  • the metal particles are preferably selected from uncoated metal particles and coated metal particles, wherein the amount of the coating of the coated metal pigments is at most 15 wt .-%, preferably at most 12 wt .-%, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.
  • the production of the cylinders according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by producing a paste comprising particles, gypsum (calcium sulfate) and water, filling the paste into a mold and curing the paste. To facilitate the processing, a disproportionate amount of water can also be used, which can subsequently be removed again by means of drying processes.
  • the drying can
  • Polysaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives are prepared and solidified by compression.
  • organic binders by means of a
  • Solvent such as water or an organic solvent are converted into a paste form and brought into the desired shape.
  • the cylinders according to the invention can subsequently be obtained by drying the pastes.
  • cylinders produced by in-situ powder pressing, and subsequently used in a conveying process exhibit a very inhomogeneous composition, in particular density gradients, whereby the
  • the cylinders according to the invention have a very homogeneous composition, in particular with regard to the distribution of the particles contained therein.
  • the particularly homogeneous structure of the cylinders according to the invention can be detected, for example, by means of the average density.
  • the average density For this purpose, at least 3, preferably three, slices are cut out of the column perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the thickness of the slices being at least 1 cm, preferably 1 cm. following the slices are cut into three, preferably approximately equal, sections and their average density determined.
  • the determination of the average density is carried out for example by means of a helium pycnometer type Multipycnometer (Fa.
  • the deviation of the average density of the samples is at most 10%, more preferably at most 7%, even more preferably at most 3%, based on the arithmetic mean of the samples.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a particle-containing cylinder according to the invention for producing a particle-containing aerosol.
  • a particle-containing cylinder according to the invention for producing a particle-containing aerosol.
  • one of the aforementioned specific shapes of the cylinders is used.
  • the present invention relates to a coated article, wherein the coating was carried out using an aerosol, which by means of a method according to one of claims 1 to 12 or one of the aspects 1 to 28 and / or using at least one cylinder according to any one of claims 13 to 14 or one of the aspects 29 to 50 was generated.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein a particle-containing cylinder is comminuted,
  • the bending strength ⁇ is at most 3.75 N / mm 2 , more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at most 1.2 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm 2 , where ⁇ is calculated according to formula (I)
  • the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder,
  • the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,
  • Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof, the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 50 of at most 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to aspect 1, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from
  • the present invention preferably relates to a process according to one of the aspects 1 to 2, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides,
  • Epoxy resins polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,
  • Polyethylene oxides polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes,
  • Polyacrylate copolymers polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin,
  • Epoxy resins the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the cylinder has a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm 2 , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm 2 , more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm 2 .
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the particle-containing aerosol is passed on as a continuous aerosol stream.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of the aspects 1 to 5, wherein the particle-containing aerosol in a
  • a coating method is used which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying, preferably selected from the group consisting of thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal
  • Plasma spraying In particular, it is preferred that the coating process be non-thermal plasma spraying.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the comminution of the particle-containing cylinder is effected by means of a brush or an abrasive belt.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the height of the particle-containing cylinder is at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean of the longest axes along the
  • Base area and the top surface is.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the cylinder is at least 1, 5 wt .-%
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the proportion of non-platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 50 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably in one Range from 60% to 98% by weight, more preferably in a range from 70% to 97% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the particles contained in the cylinder d 50 in a range of 1 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 1, 5 ⁇ to 230 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 2 ⁇ to 180 ⁇ , more preferably in a range of 2.5 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ have.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 9 or according to aspect 1 1, wherein the proportion of
  • platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range from 30% to 75% by weight, preferably in a range from 40% to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range of 50% by weight. to 65 wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the amount of the particles in the cylinder in
  • platelet-shaped particles based on the total weight of the particles, in the range of (50 wt .-% - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (99.9 wt .-% - (0.249 x ⁇ ) wt .-%) , based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the amount of the particles in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x ⁇ )% by weight) to (98 wt .-% - (0.28 x ⁇ ) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 x ⁇ )% by weight) to (97 wt .-% - (0.32 x ⁇ ) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the total amount of particles and
  • Binders in the particle-containing cylinder at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, be selected from either metal particles or
  • the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, selected from either metal particles or glass particles, more preferably metal particles, based on the total weight of the particles.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the particle-containing cylinder has a volume of at least 8 cm 3 , preferably at least 1 1 cm 3 , more preferably at least 19 cm 3 , even more preferred of at least 30 cm 3 .
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the amount of the binder in the
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the particle-containing cylinder is at least 1, 5 wt .-%, preferably at least 1, 9 wt .-%, more preferably at least
  • inorganic binder comprises.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 18, wherein the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and silica.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the particle-containing cylinder at least 0.05 wt .-%, preferably at least 0.07 wt .-%, more preferably at least 0, 1 wt. -%, organic binder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 20, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives and polysaccharides.
  • the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of starch and cellulose derivatives. Examples of the cellulose derivatives are methylcellulose and
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 21, wherein at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc,
  • Calciumaluminate hydrates mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides , Polyvinylen, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 22, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt. %, Metal particles are based on the total weight of the particles.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 23, wherein the metal of the metal particles is selected to at least 90 wt .-% from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver, Titanium, nickel, gold, platinum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum,
  • Vanadium Vanadium, mixtures thereof and alloys thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 24, wherein the metal of the metal particles is at most 5 wt%, more preferably at most 2 wt%, more preferably at most
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 25, wherein the metal particles are selected from uncoated metal particles and coated metal particles, the amount of the coating averaging at most 15% by weight, preferably at most 12% by weight. %, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method of coating a substrate, comprising the following steps
  • the coating process according to step b) is the non-thermal plasma spraying.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a method according to aspect 27, wherein the particle-containing aerosol from step a) is fed as a continuous aerosol stream to the coating method according to step b).
  • the present invention preferably relates to a
  • particle-containing cylinder wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm 3 and is dimensionally stable
  • the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder,
  • the bending strength ⁇ not more than 3.75 N / mm 2, more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm 2, even more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm 2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm 2, is where ⁇ calculated is according to formula (I)
  • the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 5 o of a maximum of 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to aspect 29, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silicon oxide,
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 30, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose,
  • Polyethylene oxides polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers,
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 31, wherein the cylinder has a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm 2 , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm 2 , more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm 2 , even more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm 2 .
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 32, wherein the height of the particle-containing cylinder is at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean the longest axis along the base and the top surface is.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 33, wherein the proportion of non-platelet particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 50 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably in a range of from 60% to 98% by weight, more preferably in a range of from 70% to 97% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to one of the aspects 29 to 34, wherein the particles contained in the cylinder d 5 o in a range of 1 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 1, 5 ⁇ to 230 ⁇ , preferably in a range of 2 ⁇ to 180 ⁇ , more preferably in a range of 2.5 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ have.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 35, wherein the proportion of platelet-shaped metal particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 30 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%, preferably in a range from 40% by weight to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range from 50% by weight to 65% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 36, wherein the amount of the particles in the cylinder, depending on the amount of the platelet-shaped particles at x wt .-% platelet-shaped particles, based on the total weight of the particles , in the range of (50% by weight - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (99.9% by weight - (0.249 * x)% by weight), based on the Total weight of the cylinder is.
  • the amount of the particles in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x ⁇ )% by weight) to (98 wt .-% - (0.28 x ⁇ ) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 x ⁇ )% by weight) to (97 wt .-% - (0.32 x ⁇ ) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to one of the aspects 29 to 37, wherein the total amount of particles and binders in the particle-containing cylinder is at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99, 9 wt .-%, is based on the total weight of the cylinder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 38, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 Wt .-% are selected from either metal particles or glass particles or microparticles or ceramic particles, based on the total weight of the particles.
  • the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, selected from either metal particles or glass particles, more preferably metal particles, based on the Total weight of the particles.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 39, wherein the particle-containing cylinder has a volume of at least 8 cm 3 , preferably at least 1 1 cm 3 , more preferably at least 19 cm 3 , even more preferably of at least 30 cm 3 , having
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 40, wherein the amount of the binder in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 0.05 wt .-% to 70 wt .-%, preferably in one Range from 0.07 wt.% To 60 wt.%, More preferably in a range of 0.1 wt.% To 45 wt.%.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 41, wherein the particle-containing cylinder at least 1, 5 wt .-%, preferably at least 1, 9 wt .-%, more preferably at least 2.2 wt .-%, inorganic binder.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 42, wherein the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 43, wherein the particle-containing cylinder is at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.07% by weight, more preferably at least 0.1% by weight .-%, organic binder comprises.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 44, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives and polysaccharides.
  • the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of starch and cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose and
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 45, wherein at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, mixtures of
  • Calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silicon oxide, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides .
  • Polyvinyls, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof more preferably from the group consisting of Caiciumsulfat, silica, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and cellulose derivatives.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 46, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt. -% metal particles are based on the total weight of the particles.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 47, wherein the metal of the metal particles is selected at least 90 wt .-% from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver , Titanium, nickel, gold, platinum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 48, wherein the metal of the metal particles is at most 5% by weight, more preferably at most 2% by weight, more preferably at most 1% by weight. %, selected from the group consisting of silver, palladium, platinum, gold, mixtures thereof and alloys thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 49, wherein the metal particles are selected from uncoated metal particles and coated
  • Metal particles wherein the amount of the coating averages at most 15% by weight, preferably at most 12 wt .-%, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the use of a particle-containing cylinder for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm 3 and is dimensionally stable,
  • the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder, the bending strength ⁇ not more than 3.75 N / mm 2, more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm 2, even more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm 2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm 2, is where ⁇ calculated is according to formula (I)
  • the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,
  • the particles contained in the cylinder have a d 50 of at most 300 ⁇ and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the
  • the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.
  • the particle-containing aerosol is in a
  • Used coating method which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-velocity flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying, preferably from the group consisting of thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying.
  • the coating process be non-thermal plasma spraying.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the use according to aspect 51, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates and mixtures thereof.
  • the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the use according to any one of aspects 51 to 52, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, Polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, Polyester, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and
  • Mixtures thereof more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose,
  • Polyethylene oxides polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols , Polyamides, epoxy resins, salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention preferably relates to the use according to any one of aspects 51 to 53, wherein a cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 50 is used.
  • the present invention relates to a coated one
  • Figure 2 Curve of the three-point measurement of a cylinder according to Example 1-13 (force in N (y-axis) versus traverse path in mm (x-axis))
  • Example 1 Production of particle-containing cylinders using gypsum
  • Type A / Quick Rock gypsum grade 4 (Quick Dental) or B / Quick Dur S (Quick Dental) and various particles according to Table 1 were first mixed with each other and subsequently with DI water (demineralised water) and ethanol.
  • DI water demineralised water
  • the now easily flowable material was placed in a paper-lined cylindrical shape (circular base, diameter 32 mm). After the cylinder had hardened sufficiently to be dimensionally stable, it was removed from the mold. Subsequently, the obtained cylinder was dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C.
  • Table 1 Particle-containing cylinders with binder Gypsum: VB: Comparative Example, Ex .: Example, (G): non-platelet-shaped particles, (F): platelet-shaped particles
  • Example 2 Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using ethylcellulose Ethocel Standard 200 Premium (Example 2-1, DOW), Aqualon Ethylcellulose N100
  • Example 2-2 Ashland
  • Ethocel Std 300 Industrial Example 2-3, DOW
  • particles were first mixed together and subsequently with acetone.
  • the material was placed in a paper-lined cylindrical mold (circular base, diameter 32 mm). After the cylinder had hardened sufficiently to be dimensionally stable, it was removed from the mold. Subsequently, the obtained cylinder was dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C.
  • Example 3 Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using microcrystalline cellulose
  • Avicel PH-101 and particles were first mixed together and then filled into a Vaneox (Fluxana) tablet press.
  • the compression was carried out in compression tools with a diameter of 40 mm by means of a pressure of 3 tons for 10 seconds.
  • Sakret PU is distributed by SAKRETrbaustoffe Europa GmbH & Co. KG.
  • Epoxy Resin Binder 2000 EP is sold by Solipur - Höfer & Stankowska GbR.
  • CAB 531-1 cellulose acetate butyrate
  • Butavar B-76 polyvinyl butyral
  • Degalan P24 (polyacrylate) is manufactured by Evonik. distributed.
  • Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate are mixed in 50 ml of isopropanol.
  • the cylinders obtained proved to be suitable for the method according to the invention in initial tests.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules. Ces aérosols sont par exemple particulièrement appropriés pour être utilisés sous la forme d'un courant d'aérosol dans un procédé de revêtement. La présente invention concerne en outre des cylindres contenant des particules, lesquels peuvent être séparés au moyen d'un procédé simple et transformés sous une forme d'aérosol.
EP15733419.4A 2014-06-26 2015-06-25 Procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules Withdrawn EP3160671A1 (fr)

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EP14174601.6A EP2959992A1 (fr) 2014-06-26 2014-06-26 Procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules
PCT/EP2015/064470 WO2015197802A1 (fr) 2014-06-26 2015-06-25 Procédé de fabrication d'un aérosol contenant des particules

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US20170130314A1 (en) 2017-05-11
CN106660117A (zh) 2017-05-10

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