EP3160671A1

EP3160671A1 - Method for producing a particle-containing aerosol

Info

Publication number: EP3160671A1
Application number: EP15733419.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Harald Wagner; Uwe Ott; Kerstin Schindler; Christian Wolfrum; Markus Rupprecht
Original assignee: Eckart GmbH
Current assignee: Eckart GmbH
Priority date: 2014-06-26
Filing date: 2015-06-25
Publication date: 2017-05-03
Also published as: CN106660117A; US20170130314A1; EP2959992A1; WO2015197802A1; TW201631213A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a particle-containing aerosol. Said aerosols are particularly suitable for use in the form of an aerosol stream in a coating method, for example. The invention further relates to particle-containing cylinders which can be separated into single units and converted into the form of aerosols using simple methods.

Description

Process for the preparation of a particle-containing aerosol

The present invention relates to particle-containing cylinders which can be separated by simple methods and converted into aerosol form. These aerosols are particularly suitable to be in the form of an aerosol stream in one

Coating process to be used.

The transfer of a powdery material into an aerosol, for example, to use it in flame spraying, is the subject of various applications such

US 4,997,318 B1 and US 6,331,689 B1. Also US 4,660,986 A handles the

Promotion of a powder, which is associated with a very large amount of equipment.

It has been found that, with known conveying methods, a uniform delivery of particles, in particular for achieving homogeneous coatings, is difficult or impossible to achieve.

However, such an even promotion is important for example

Coating process, as the quality of a coating also of their

Uniformity depends. This is especially true when a thin and yet reliable coating should be obtained. Known methods use for generating the coatings, for example, kinetic energy, thermal energy or mixtures thereof, wherein the thermal energy may for example come from a conventional combustion flame or a plasma flame. The latter are further distinguished in thermal and non-thermal plasmas, which have in common that a gas is partially or completely separated into free charge carriers such as ions or electrons.

In cold gas spraying, the formation of the coating takes place by applying a powder to a substrate surface, the powder particles being greatly accelerated. For this purpose, a heated process gas by expansion in a Laval nozzle

Supersonic speed accelerated and then injected the powder. Due to the high kinetic energy, the particles form a dense layer upon impact with the substrate surface. For example, WO 2010/003396 A1 discloses the use of cold gas spraying as a coating method for applying wear protection coatings.

Furthermore, disclosures of the cold gas spraying process can be found, for example, in EP 1 363 811 A1, EP 0 91 1 425 B1 and US Pat. No. 7,740,905 B2.

Flame spraying belongs to the group of thermal coating processes. Here, a powdery coating material is introduced into the flame of a fuel gas-oxygen mixture. In this case, for example, with acetylene oxygen flames temperatures of up to about 3200 ° C can be achieved. Details of the method may include publications such as e.g. EP 830 464 B1 and US 5,207,382 A are taken.

In thermal plasma spraying, a powdery coating material is injected into a thermal plasma. In the typically used thermal plasma, temperatures of up to about 20,000 K are reached, whereby the injected powder is melted and deposited as a coating on a substrate.

The process of thermal plasma spraying and specific embodiments as well as process parameters are known to the person skilled in the art. For example, reference is made to WO 2004/016821, which describes the use of thermal plasma spraying for

Application of an amorphous coating describes. Further, for example, EP 0 344 781 discloses the use of flame spraying and thermal plasma spraying as a coating method using a tungsten carbide powder mixture. Specific devices for use in plasma spraying methods are widely described in the literature, such as in EP 0 342 428 A2, US 7,678,428 B2, US 7,928,338 B2 and EP 1 287 898 A2.

In high velocity flame spraying, fuel is burned under high pressure, and as fuel, fuel gases, liquid fuels and mixtures thereof can be used. In the high-accelerated flame, a powdery coating material is injected. This method is known to be characterized by relatively dense spray coatings. That too

High speed flame spraying is well known to those skilled in the art and has been described in numerous publications. For example, EP 0 825 272 A2 discloses a substrate coating with a copper alloy using the high-speed flame spraying. Further, for example, WO 2010/037548 A1 and EP 0 492 384 A1 disclose the method of high speed flame spraying and apparatus for use herein.

The non-thermal plasma spraying is largely analogous to the thermal

Plasma spraying and flame spraying. A powder coating material is injected into a non-thermal plasma and applied to a substrate surface. As can be seen for example from EP 1 675 971 B1, this method is characterized by a particularly low thermal load of the coated

Substrate off. This method, particular embodiments and corresponding process parameters are known to the skilled person from various publications. For example, EP 2 104 750 A2 describes the use of this method and an apparatus for carrying it out. For example, DE 103 20 379 A1 describes the production of an electrically heatable element using this method. Further disclosures concerning the method or devices for non-thermal plasma spraying can be found, for example, in EP 1 675 971 B1, DE 10 2006 061 435 A1, WO 03/064061 A1, WO 2005/031026 A1, DE 198 07 086 A1,

DE 101 16 502 A1, WO 01/32949 A1, EP 0 254 424 B1, EP 1 024 222 A2, DE 195 32 412 A1, DE 199 55 880 A1 and DE 198 56 307 C1.

A general problem of coating processes using a

particulate coating material, it is, however, that to produce a homogeneous, but thin coating, a very high homogeneity of the particle aerosol used is required. Although, for example, in the documents initially discussed, special apparatus methods for obtaining homogeneous aerosols are described. In practice, the technical implementation proved to be difficult, at least on an industrial scale, or was of little interest, at least in view of the equipment required.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a simple process for the uniform promotion of particles and the means required for this purpose. In this case, aerosol streams are to be obtained which are advantageous in

Coating process can be used. At the same time as small as possible apparatus requirements are placed on the powder delivery and broad spectra of particles can be used without major equipment adjustments. This object is achieved by the objects, methods and uses specified in the claims and aspects.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder,

the bending strength σ is at most 3.75 N / mm ² , where σ is calculated according to formula (I)

3 x F x l

with F = maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in cuboid form, D = height of the cylinder in cuboid form, I = distance between the two support points

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof

the particles contained in the cylinder have a d ₅₀ of at most 300 μηι and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof. In the context of the invention, it is naturally true that the sum of all wt .-% of the components of a cylinder according to the invention can be a total of at most 100 wt .-%. Preferably, the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates,

Calcium aluminate hydrates and mixtures thereof. The organic binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides,

Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, Polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives,

Polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides,

Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides , Epoxy resins, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.

The term "polyacrylate copolymers" in the context of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not included in the term polyacrylate, examples of which are styrene-acrylate copolymers The term "polyaldehyde copolymers" for the purposes of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not of the term polyaldehyde are included. Examples of these are cyclohexanone-formaldehyde copolymers.

The term "polyolefin copolymers" in the context of the present invention denotes corresponding copolymers which are not included in the term polyolefin.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "polyolefin" refers to corresponding polymers which are not included in the term polyvinyl The term "cylinder" in the context of the present invention is understood in principle to mean the geometric basic form known as cylinder, i. one of two parallel, flat, congruent surfaces (base and top surface) and a shell or

Cylindrical surface of limited body, wherein the lateral surface is formed by parallel straight lines. According to the invention, the term cylinder in the sense of the present invention also theoretically includes endless cylindrical shapes, which are for example by means of a

continuous extrusion can be obtained. Preferably, however, the cylinders of the present invention are individual cylinders, the length of which is preferably less than 2 meters, more preferably less than 1 meter. However, the cylinder according to the invention can of course be considered as a real body of the ideal structure of a geometrically perfect cylinder. Preferably, the real structure can be approximated to 5 vol%, more preferably up to 3 vol%, by means of a geometrically ideal cylinder. In a molding without a defined end at least 4, preferably 4, pieces of the cylinder are separated and measured at random selection to determine the average volume. The length of the pieces is in this case at least 7 cm, preferably 7 cm, provided that the arithmetic mean of the base and top surface is at least 7 cm ² . If the arithmetic mean of base area and top area is x cm ² , where x <7, the length is at least x cm, preferably x cm. The determination of the volume is carried out by methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, for example the determination of the displaced volume of the relevant cylinder in a liquid. The term "dimensionally stable" is understood to mean that the cylinder does not disintegrate, ie crumble or break, under typical conditions such as storage, transport and insertion into corresponding devices at least 0.006 N / mm ² .

The determination of the bending strength is carried out by means of a three-point measurement. Here, a test specimen is preferably in the form of a cuboid with a square base (2 cm) edge length and a height of at least 9 cm on two parallel

Support rods arranged at a distance of 8 cm in the middle. If the cylinder to be tested does not have a cuboid shape, it can be brought into the cuboid shape, for example, by grinding, sawing, cutting, etc. In the middle of the test specimen (4 cm apart from the support rods) pressure is exerted from above by means of a load rod and the applied force is recorded. Support rods and load rod are cylindrical bodies with circular base and a diameter of 5 mm. The support rods and the load rod are freely supported to minimize friction. The measuring instrument used is preferably an Instron 5565 universal testing machine at 22 ° C. and 45% relative humidity. The measurement is carried out by means of a

Compression rate of 2 mm per minute using a 1000 N load cell. The data acquisition and evaluation can be carried out here by means of the Instron program Bluehill Ver. 3.42 with recording of the travel and the force measured thereby until the sample is broken. The flexural strength results according to formula (I) 3 x F xl

a ⁼ 2 x B x D ^/) with F = maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in cuboid form, D = height of the cylinder in cuboidal shape, I = distance between the two support points, from the maximum of the curves. Here, the arithmetic mean of at least 5 samples, preferably 5 samples, is used. Individual faulty samples are naturally discarded and not used in the calculation. For example, a lower flexural strength may be caused by an air bubble trapped in the column. Preferably, the flexural strength of individual samples is disregarded, provided that their flexural strength deviates by at least 10% from the arithmetic mean of the remaining samples, with the most deviant samples discarded. In this case, up to 10% of the samples, the number of these 10% rounded up to an integer, can be discarded. Instead of these discarded samples become unique

Replacement measurements performed. For the purposes of the invention, glass particles are understood in particular to be particles having silicon dioxide as the main constituent. An example of a particularly advantageous glass to be used is borosilicate glass.

The term microparticles is preferably understood as meaning particles of mica, such as, for example, fluorophlogopite. Although have natural mica

Cost advantages, however, are for uses where an accurate

Composition must be respected, for example, in the food sector or the semiconductor industry, to prefer synthetic mica. An example of ceramic particles are particles of alumina ceramics.

Preferred developments of the method according to the invention can be found

For example, in aspects 2 to 28 and claims 2 to 12. Further, the present invention relates to a particle-containing cylinder, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

the proportion of particles in the range of 10 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the Total weight of the cylinder,

3 x F x l

with F = maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in cuboid form, D = height of the cylinder in cuboid shape, I = distance between the two support points,

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof. The organic binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides,

Epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers,

Polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,

Polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin,

Polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides,

Epoxy resins, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.

Preferred developments of the cylinders according to the invention can be found, for example, in aspects 30 to 50 and claim 14. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a cylinder according to the invention for producing a particle-containing aerosol. Preferred developments of the uses according to the invention can be found, for example, in aspect 52.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to an article by means of a

Aerosol produced according to the invention was coated.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein a particle-containing cylinder is comminuted. The comminution of the cylinder can be carried out by means of methods familiar to the person skilled in the art. For example, devices using a brush or sanding belt have been proven. Corresponding devices using a brush are also widely used, for example, for transferring a loose powder in aerosol form. Further

Conveyors use rotating milling heads such as roughing or face milling cutters. Further, abrasive wheels or abrasive rollers may be used with abrasive grains such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide or diamond. However, a particular advantage of the present invention is that particularly easy to process columns can be obtained, which can be used by means of simple conveying method such as the brush promotion without heavy wear on the conveyor.

It has been found that the particles can be separated again excellently by means of the method according to the invention. For example, measurements of the

Particle sizes only a slightly higher average particle size of the aerosol particles after separation of the column compared to the original particles. In further embodiments, the average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of the aerosol is preferably at most 5 times, more preferably at most 3 times, even more preferably at most 2 times the size of the particles. The measurement of the mean particle size of the particles contained in the column and the aerosol particles is preferably carried out by means of laser granulometry using a particle size analyzer HELOS of the Fa.

Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. The dispersion of a dry powder can in this case with a dispersing unit of the type Rodos T4.1 in a Primary pressure of 4 bar, for example. The evaluation of the scattered light signals is carried out according to the Fraunhofer method.

The aerosol according to the invention is preferably converted directly into the desired application as an aerosol stream. By means of the method according to the invention

Surprisingly, an extremely uniform aerosol flow can be produced which is particularly advantageous in coating processes such as nonthermal

Plasma spraying can be used. It is believed that coating processes which typically cause only very little activation of the incorporated particles benefit particularly strongly from the particularly homogeneous aerosol flow, resulting in very homogeneous and high quality coatings. However, the aerosol prepared according to the invention can be used for coating a wide variety of substances using a wide variety of coating methods. Coating processes which are selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying have proved particularly advantageous in this connection. In particular, the invention has

Method proved to be advantageous in combination with the non-thermal plasma spraying.

The cold gas spraying is characterized in that a particulate material to be applied is not melted in the gas jet, but that the particles are greatly accelerated and form a coating on the surface of the substrate due to their kinetic energy. Various gases known to those skilled in the art can be used as the carrier gas, for example nitrogen, helium, argon, air, krypton, neon, xenon, carbon dioxide, oxygen or mixtures thereof. In certain variants, it is particularly preferred that the gas used is air, helium or mixtures thereof.

By a controlled expansion of the aforementioned gases in a corresponding nozzle gas velocities of up to 3000 m / s can be achieved. The particles can be accelerated up to 2000 m / s. In certain variants of cold gas spraying, however, it is preferred that the particles have, for example, speeds between 300 m / s and 1600 m / s, preferably between 1000 m / s and 1600 m / s, more preferably between 1250 m / s and 1600 m / s.

The disadvantage, for example, the large noise that caused by the high

Species of the gas streams used is caused.

In flame spraying, for example, a particulate material is converted into the liquid or plastic state by means of a flame and then applied as a coating to a substrate. Here, e.g. a mixture of oxygen and a combustible gas such as acetylene or hydrogen burned. In certain variants of flame spraying, part of the oxygen is used to make the powdery one

To transport coating material into the combustion flame. The particles reach in conventional variants of this process speeds between 24 to 31 m / s.

Similar to flame spraying, a particulate material, for example, is converted into a liquid or plastic state by means of a flame during high-speed flame spraying. However, the particles are accelerated significantly faster compared to the aforementioned method. In specific examples of the aforementioned method, for example, a velocity of the gas stream of 1220 to 1525 m / s is called with a velocity of the particles of about 550 to 795 m / s. In other variants of this method, however, gas velocities of over 2000 m / s are achieved. In general, it is preferred in conventional variants of the above method that the speed of the flame is between 1000 and 2500 m / s. Furthermore, it is preferred in common variants that the

Flame temperature between 2200 ° C and 3000 ° C is. The temperature of the flame is thus comparable to the temperature during flame spraying. This is achieved by

Combustion of the gases under a pressure of about 515 to 621 kPa followed by the expansion of the combustion gases in a nozzle. Generally, it is believed that coatings produced thereby have a higher density compared to, for example, coatings obtained by the flame spraying process.

The detonation / explosive flame spraying can be classified as subspecies of the

High velocity flame spraying. This becomes a particulate Material greatly accelerated by repeated detonations of a gas mixture such as acetylene / oxygen, for example, particle velocities of about 730 m / s are achieved. The detonation frequency of the method is in this case, for example, between about 4 to 10 Hz. In variants such as the so-called high frequency gas detonation spraying but also detonation frequencies are selected by about 100 Hz.

The resulting layers should usually have a particularly high hardness, strength, density and good bonding to the substrate surface. Disadvantages of the above-mentioned methods are the increased safety expenditure, and for example the high noise pollution due to the high gas velocities.

In thermal plasma spraying, for example, a primary gas such as argon at a rate of 40 l / min and a secondary gas such as hydrogen with a

Speed of 2.5 l / min passed through a DC arc furnace, wherein a thermal plasma is generated. Subsequently, for example, the feed of 40 g / min of the powdery coating material by means of a carrier gas stream, which is passed at a rate of 4 l / min in the plasma flame. In conventional variants of thermal plasma spraying, the delivery rate of the powdered coating material is between 5 g / min and 60 g / min, more preferably between 10 g / min and 40 g / min.

In certain variants of the process, it is preferably argon, helium or

Use mixtures of these as ionizable gas. The total gas flow is also preferably 30 to 150 SLPM (standard liters per minute) for certain variants. The electrical power used for the ionization of the gas flow without the heat energy dissipated as a result of cooling can be selected, for example, between 5 and 100 kW, preferably between 40 and 80 kW. Here you can

Plasma temperatures between 4000 K and a few 10000 K can be achieved.

In non-thermal plasma spraying, a non-thermal plasma is used to activate the powdery coating material. The plasma used in this case is generated for example with a barrier discharge or corona discharge with a frequency of 50 Hz to 1 MHz. In certain variants of the non-thermal Plasma spraying, it is preferred that working at a frequency of 10 kHz to 100 kHz. The temperature of the plasma is preferably less than 3000 K, preferably less than 2500 K and more preferably less than 2000 K. This minimizes the technical complexity and keeps the energy input in the applied coating material as low as possible, which in turn allows a gentle coating of the substrate , The magnitude of the temperature of the plasma flame is thus preferably comparable to that in flame spraying or in

High velocity flame spraying. Targeted choice of parameters also allows the generation of nonthermal plasmas with core temperatures below 1 173 K or even below 773 K in the core region. The measurement of the temperature in the core region takes place here, for example, with a thermocouple type NiCr / Ni and a tip diameter of 3 mm in 10 mm distance from the nozzle exit in the core of the exiting plasma jet at ambient pressure. Such non-thermal plasmas are especially for

Coatings of very temperature-sensitive substrates suitable.

These methods also allow the production of coatings with sharp

Limitations without the need to specifically cover areas. In this context, it has proved to be advantageous in particular to design the outlet opening of the plasma flame in such a way that the web widths of the coatings produced are between 0.2 mm and 10 mm. This allows a very accurate, flexible, energy efficient

Coating with the best possible utilization of the coating material used. As a distance of the spray lance to the substrate, for example, a distance of 1 mm is selected. This allows for the greatest possible flexibility of the coatings while ensuring high-quality coatings. Conveniently, the distance between the spray lance and the substrate is between 1 mm and 35 mm.

As the ionizable gas, various gases known to those skilled in the art and mixtures thereof can be used in the non-thermal plasma process. Examples include helium, argon, xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen or air,

Preferably, argon or air. A particularly preferred ionizable gas is air.

For example, to reduce the noise pollution, it may also be preferred here that the speed of the plasma flow is below 200 m / s. When

Flow rate can, for example, a value between 0.01 m / s and 100 m / s, preferably between 0.2 m / s and 10 m / s are selected. In particular, in certain embodiments, for example, it is preferred that the volume flow of the carrier gas is between 10 and 25 l / min, more preferably between 15 and 19 l / min. The cylinders according to the invention allow a particularly uniform delivery of the particles and thus the generation of a particularly homogeneous aerosol. In further embodiments, in the method according to the invention, an aerosol flow is generated whose variation is less than 20%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%. Such a uniform promotion can be maintained, for example, over a period of at least 10 minutes, preferably at least 20 minutes, more preferably at least 40 minutes.

It has been shown that the height of the cylinder according to the invention in further

Advantageously, the embodiments are at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean of the longest axes along the base surface and the top surface. By "height" of the cylinder is meant the distance between base and top surface, for example, the height of a cylindrical base and top surface of the invention having a diameter of 5 cm is advantageously at least 10 cm, preferably at least 15 cm, more preferably at least 20 cm ,

In further embodiments, it is preferred that the base and top surfaces of the particle-containing cylinders are substantially elliptical or circular, preferably circular. In particular, it is preferred in this case that the surface area of the base surface and top surface to a deviation of at most 10%, more preferably of at most 7%, even more preferably of at most 4%, of the

Surface of an ideal geometric ellipsoidal surface or circular surface deviates.

Furthermore, it is preferred in further embodiments that the longitudinal axis in

Essentially perpendicular to the base and top surface. Preferably, the deviation is less than 3 °, more preferably less than 2 °.

By means of the method according to the invention, it is possible in particular to produce particularly homogeneous coatings even under very mild conditions. For example coatings can be obtained under very mild coating conditions using non-thermal plasma spraying, which are characterized by an extremely homogeneous thickness even at very thin layer thicknesses, see for example Figure 3. Thus, the differences between minima and maxima preferably at most 5 μηι, more preferably at most 3 μηι. At further

Embodiments are the differences between minima and maxima

preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 14%, even more preferably at most 9%, based on the total thickness of the coating. Furthermore, the present invention relates to particle-containing cylinders, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

3 x F x l

a ⁼ 2 x B x D ^/) with F = maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in cuboid form, D = height of the cylinder in cuboid shape, I = distance between the two support points,

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide,

Silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates,

Calcium aluminate hydrates and mixtures thereof. The organic binders will preferably be selected from the group consisting of cellulose,

Cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,

Polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, Polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers,

Polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides,

Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. The determination of the amount of particles and amount of binder is carried out by methods familiar to the person skilled in the art, such as AAS, EDX and RFA. The total weight of the cylinder is determined in the dry state. Preferably after at least 24 hours, more preferably 24 hours, storage under STPD conditions (0 ° C, 101 kPa and

Water vapor partial pressure = 0 kPa). Unless otherwise stated, the other weights of this invention are measured under these conditions.

It was found that in cylinders with very low dimensional stability or with a very low flexural strength, the storage, transport and handling of the cylinders was drastically impeded. In further embodiments, the cylinders preferably have a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm ² , even more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm ² , even more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm ² , It also showed that by using cylinders with lower

Bending strength conveyability could be further simplified. At further

Therefore embodiments, the flexural strength is preferably at most 2.1 N / mm ^2, more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm ^2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm ^2. In particular, in further embodiments it is preferred that the flexural strength be in the range of 0.0075 to 3.75 N / mm ² , more preferably in the range of 0.0105 to 2, 1 N / mm ² , even more preferably in the range of 0.012 is to 1, 2 N / mm ² and even more preferably in the range from 0.015 to 0.675 N / mm ^2. Here, the bending strength of the skilled person, for example, on the choice of

Binder, its amount, the amount of optionally contained fillers, etc. are set specifically. An increase in the bending strength can be achieved, for example, by using a high-strength binder, increasing the binder ratio, pressure when compressing respective cylinders, etc. A Humiliation can be achieved, for example, by choosing a binder with lower

Binding effect, the lowering of the binder content, the increase of the

Solvent, the addition of a filler, etc. can be achieved. It has also been observed that in order to achieve identical flexural strength, the more binder the more particles are required, the more typically the binder must be used

Ideal shape deviate and the lower the density of the material of the particles. Furthermore, it has proved to produce homogeneous cylinder advantageous if, for example, in manufacturing processes such as slip casting, the amount of solvent is kept as low as possible. A corresponding suspension should be flowable, but should contain as little solvent as possible. Further, various additives can be used to make the cylinders of the present invention. For example, rheology-modifying additives can be used which impart thixotropic behavior to the corresponding suspensions. In addition, wetting aids can be used to facilitate, for example, incorporation of the particles and / or the binder in the desired solvent. Examples of these are surfactants or organic solvents.

The particles may also be coated with binder prior to preparation of the column. This has the advantage that a particularly homogeneous distribution of the binder, even at low binder amounts without strong mixing steps or

Solvent can be achieved. Such a coating, for example consisting of a monomer, is optionally polymerized with further binder in order to effect the cohesion of the column. It can, however

For example, the coated particulate material without further binder transferred into a mold and cured thermally. According to the present invention, coatings of the particles which are at least one of the binder

have comparable composition, such as a

Polyacrylate coating at a polyacrylate binder or a silicon oxide-containing coating with silica binder counted to the amount of binder. Preferably, however, only coatings of the particles are counted to the amount of binder, which have also formed a covalent bond to the binder.

Rheology-modifying additives may include, for example, polymeric materials such as polyacrylamides, polyacrylic acids, carboxymethylcelluloses, Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloses, methylcelluloses, alginates, polyethylene glycols,

Polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyurethanes and polysaccharides and

inorganic additives such as silica and organoclay can be used. For example, BYK-Chemie, BYK-410, BYK-1 1, BYK-415, BYK-420, BYK-425, BYK ^ 128, BYK-430 and BYK-431, are available as polymeric rheology-modifying additives. An example of the organociays are bentonites. As a rheology modifying additive from the group of silicas, for example, pyrogenic silica can be used. The particles used in the cylinders according to the invention preferably have a d ₅₀ in a range of 1 μηι to 300 μηι, preferably in a range of 1, 5 μηι to 230 μηι, more preferably in a range of 2 μηι to 180 μηι, even more preferably in a range of 2.5 μηι to 150 μηι, on. These showed a good and homogeneous under a wide range of delivery conditions and flow rates

Aerosol formation and good results in the common coating methods.

To achieve the largest possible particle contents in the particle-containing cylinders, it has proved to be advantageous to use non-platelet-shaped particles. Surprisingly, it has been shown that it is very easy to achieve high pigmentation levels without, for example, having to use additives during processing. Here, the content of particles is preferably in a range of

50 wt% to 99.9 wt%, more preferably in a range of 60 wt% to 98 wt%, even more preferably in a range of 70 wt% to 97 wt% , in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder.

If the aerosol stream according to the invention is to be used in an application in which, for example, a small amount of energy is to be introduced, such as non-thermal plasma spraying, it proved to be difficult with the non-platelet-shaped coating material to be particularly mild

Coating conditions to produce a homogeneous coating. In further embodiments, it is preferred that the particles of the cylinders of the invention are platelet-shaped particles, wherein the proportion of platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 30 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%, preferably in a range of 40 wt % to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range of 50 wt .-% to 65 wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder. These cylinders provided good results in terms of particle conveyability and in subsequent applications such as non-thermal plasma spraying. The good results even under very mild coating conditions are attributed to the fact that the significantly larger surface area of these particles is a stronger one

Activation enabled. However, when the content of platelet-shaped particles was too large, it proved problematic to have sufficient cylinder stability

guarantee. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "platelet-shaped" means that corresponding particles have an aspect ratio of at least 10. Particles having an aspect ratio of less than 10 are referred to as "non-platelet-shaped" in the context of the present invention.

The term "aspect ratio" for the purposes of the present invention denotes the ratio of mean particle diameter (d ₅₀ ) to average particle thickness (h ₅₀ ). The term "d ₅₀ " or else "d ₅ o value" denotes the value at which 50% The measurements are preferably carried out using the particle size analyzer HELOS from Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany, in which the dispersion of a dry powder can be carried out with a dispersion unit from the Type Rodos T4.1 at a primary pressure of 4 bar, for example, Alternatively, the size distribution curve of the particles, for example, with a device of the Fa.

Quantachrome (device: Cilas 1064) according to the manufacturer's instructions. For this purpose, 1, 5 g of the powdered coating material are dispersed in about 100 ml of ethanol, 300 seconds in an ultrasonic bath (device: Sonorex IK 52, Fa. Bandelin) treated and then added by means of a Pasteur pipette in the sample preparation cell of the meter and measured several times. From the individual

Measurement results, the resulting averages are formed. The evaluation of the scattered light signals is carried out according to the Fraunhofer method. The thickness of the particles can be determined, for example, by means of SEM as follows. The platelet-shaped particles according to the invention are first washed with acetone and then dried out. A conventional in electron microscopy resin, such as TEMPFIX (Gerhard Neubauer chemicals, D-48031 Münster, Germany) is applied to a sample plate and heated on a hot plate until softening. Subsequently, the sample tray is removed from the hot plate and the particles are sprinkled on the softened resin. As a result of the cooling, the resin solidifies again and the scattered particles can - due to the interplay between adhesion and gravity - be prepared almost vertically and fixed on the sample tray. As a result, the particles are easy to measure laterally in the electron microscope. When measuring the thickness, the azimuthal angle α of the particle is estimated to be a plane normal to the surface and taken into account in the thickness evaluation according to the formula h _e ff = h _mess cosa. Of the h _ef rWerten is based on the relative frequencies of the

Sum distribution curve created. About 100 particles, preferably 100 particles, are counted. If the abovementioned method variant can not be used, the thicknesses of the particles can also be counted, for example, by means of cross sections of painted samples. However, this method should only be used with a very good plane-parallel orientation of the particles. Otherwise, the particles may be oriented in cross-section with an azimuthal angle of inclination, which, however, is not recognizable to the observer. This leads systematically to the measurement of higher thicknesses.

In further embodiments, the amount of the particles in the cylinder is in the range of (50 wt .-% - (0.2 × ^0.9), depending on the amount of platelet-shaped particles at x wt .-% platelet-shaped particles, based on the total weight of the particles )% by weight) to (99.9 wt .-% - (0.249 x ^χ) wt .-%), preferably in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (98 Wt .-% - (0.28 ^χ x) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 ^χ x) wt%) to (97 wt .-% - ( 0.32 ^χ x) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder. In further embodiments, the cylinder according to the invention comprises fillers which are preferably selected from the group consisting of sheet silicates, clay minerals, metal oxides, silica gel, glass beads and mixtures thereof. Furthermore, in further embodiments it is preferred that the cylinders according to the invention comprise boron nitride. By the addition of boron nitride, for example, an increased abrasion resistance and thermal conductivity could be achieved. Preferably, the amount of boron nitride is in a range of from 0.1% to 50%, more preferably in a range of from 0.1% to 20%, more preferably in a range from 0.1 wt .-% to 15 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the cylinder.

In further embodiments, it is preferred that the total amount of particles and binders in the particle-containing cylinder is at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99.9% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder. In particular, the reduction of contained non-reactive fillers has proved to be advantageous, since hereby improved coating formation could be achieved with, for example, reduced overspray.

Furthermore, in further embodiments it is preferred that the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are selected to be at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99.9% by weight, of either metal particles or glass particles or Microparticles or ceramic particles, based on the total weight of the particles. Particularly advantageous has the

Use of metal particles and glass particles, in particular metal particles proved.

The cylinders according to the invention can be used in the form of individual cylinders or as theoretically endless cylinders. The latter are available for example by means of a direct extrusion of the cylinder material, wherein the extruded cylinder is fed directly into the conveyor. Binders which provide rapid solidification of the cylinder material after the molding step, such as microcrystalline cellulose, are preferred. The use of such a combination of a forming step with the conveying step allows a nearly unlimited, continuous promotion.

By contrast, the use of individual cylinders allows, for example, a simpler device design and a simpler change between different column types. In this case, to achieve a simplified promotion, it has typically proven to be advantageous for the particle-containing cylinder according to the invention to have a volume of at least 8 cm ³ , preferably at least 11 cm ³ , more preferably at least 19 cm ³ , even more preferably at least 30 cm ³ , having.

The amount of the binders used in further embodiments is in a range from 0.05% to 70%, preferably in a range from 0.07% to 60%, more preferably in one Range from 0.1% to 45% by weight. Further, in other embodiments, preferably the amount of inorganic binder ranges from 1.5% to 70% by weight and the amount of organic binder ranges from 0.05% to 50% by weight. %, more preferably, the amount of inorganic binder in a range of 1.9% by weight to 60% by weight and the amount of organic binder in a range of

From 0.07% to 35% by weight, more preferably the amount of inorganic

Binder in a range of 2.2 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% and the amount of organic binder in a range of 0.1 wt .-% to 25 wt .-%.

In further embodiments, it is preferred that at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the inorganic binders. These binders have been found to be advantageous for providing particularly stable cylinders which, for example, provide high shelf life and stability under UV radiation. Examples of such inorganic binders are calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof, which materials may comprise water, especially in the form of water of crystallization. In this case, the particle-containing cylinder preferably comprises at least 1.5% by weight, more preferably at least 1.9% by weight, even more preferably at least 2.2% by weight, of inorganic binders.

Calcium sulfate and its hydrates are commercially available, for example, under the name gypsum. For the applications of the invention have high quality

Plaster variants such as dental plasters and model plasters, especially dental plasters, proved to be advantageous. It has shown that low-quality gypsum types such as building gypsum provided significantly worse results. It is believed that controlled setting is required to achieve a homogeneous cylinder structure. Constructions on the other hand seem more uneven due to price-driven mass production

Have composition, whereby a uniform setting can not be guaranteed. It is believed that the different gypsum modifications, which are obtained by varying the temperature and environmental conditions such as pressure, due to their different properties do not allow the production of high quality inventive columns.

Unless otherwise specified, it is particularly preferred in the present invention that "substantially" means at least 95%, preferably at least 99%. "As far as a material feature is concerned, such as the amount of a constituent material, so are Wt% meant.

Advantageous for most applications are calcium sulfate, talc,

Calcium carbonate, silica, mixtures of calcium silicate hydrates and

Calciumaluminate hydrates and mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, in particular calcium sulfate and silica proved, the aforementioned substances may include water, especially in the form of water of crystallization. A particularly preferred inorganic binder is calcium sulfate, wherein the calcium sulfate may comprise water, especially in the form of water of crystallization.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "calcium sulfate" is also understood as meaning the hydrates of calcium sulphate.This binder has proved to be particularly advantageous because under the typical conditions below

Coating can be applied without appreciable impairment of resulting coatings and is suitable due to its low reactivity for the formulation with a wide range of particles of the invention. Typically, calcium sulfate has 2 water-bound molecules of water each

Calcium sulfate molecule on. Further, silica has been found to be a beneficial binder in other embodiments, and the term "silica" within the meaning of the present invention also includes the hydrates of the silica Preferably, the silica of the present invention is essentially silica For example, the stability of cylinders obtained in this way can be broad Spectrum can be determined by procedural details such as the conditions of curing and the variation of the educts. For example, only when curing at room temperature, different results can be achieved by using a defined gas flow such as air or C0 ₂ , the duration of the gas flow, and the amount of gas used. When using water glass can also be varied, for example, by the addition of amorphous silicon, the hardness of the resulting cylinder. Thus, from a simple and inexpensive

Basic system, the product desired by the customer can be produced in a targeted manner. In further embodiments, it is further preferred that at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is an organic binder selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose,

Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate and

carboxymethyl cellulose; Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; Gelatin; Polyvinyls such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and polyvinyl butyrals; Polyacrylates such as polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acid esters;

Polyethylene oxides; Polyethylene glycols; polyamides; epoxy resins; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. These binders have, for example, the advantage that they can burn in the flame of a coating process at least partially, preferably completely, and the resulting gas is not incorporated into the coating and thus can be easily separated. Preferred salts are alkali and alkaline earth salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts, ammonium salts and calcium salts. Further, it is preferred that the cellulose derivatives are water-soluble.

Polyacrylic acids are available, for example, under the name CARBOPOL such as CARBOPOL 941 and CARBOPOL 934. In this case, the particle-containing cylinder preferably comprises at least 0.05% by weight, more preferably at least 0.07% by weight, even more preferably at least 0.1% by weight, of organic binders. At further

In embodiments, it is preferred that the cellulose derivatives are selected from the group consisting of methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,

Carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose In other embodiments, the organic binder is preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such

Methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose,

Hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose; Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; Gelatin; Polyvinyls such as polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidones and polyvinyl butyrals; Polyacrylates such as polyacrylic acids and polyacrylic acid esters;

Polyethylene oxides; Polyethylene glycols; polyamides; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of cellulose; Cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, microcrystalline

Cellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose; Polysaccharides such as alginic acid, alginic acid derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, xanthan, dextrins, dextrans, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan and pullulan; the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred polyvinyls are polyvinyl alcohols and polyvinylpyrrolidones.

Examples of further organic binders, which are to be understood in further embodiments in particular as an extension of the aforementioned groups, are

Urea-formaldehyde copolymers, melamine-formaldehyde copolymers, acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymers, polyesters of polycarboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols, acrylate-acrylonitrile copolymers, acrylic ester-styrene copolymers, acrylamide copolymers and butadiene-styrene copolymers. However, the aforementioned group is also an independent group which is very advantageous for certain embodiments. Examples of these are Styrofan D 780 S, Acronal 12 DE, Acronal 32 D, Acronal S 888 S, Acronal LN 838 S, Aerodur DS 3530, Acronal LN 579 S, Saduren 163 and Urecoll 135 and Aerodur DS 3515. Preferably, the polymers according to the invention, such as, for example, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates and polyethylene glycols have at least 10 monomer units, more preferably at least 20 monomer units more preferably at least 60 monomer units. In particular, in further embodiments it is preferred that the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, silica, mixtures of calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates, mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica , Cellulosederivaten, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and

Mixtures thereof. The abovementioned binders calcium sulfate and silicon oxide may comprise water in bound form, in particular as water of crystallization. Calcium sulphate and cellulose derivatives have proved to be particularly advantageous binders according to the invention.

In further embodiments, the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt .-% metal particles, based on the total weight of the particles. For the purposes of the present invention, the term "metal particles" is understood to mean that the particles consist of at least 80% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, of elemental metal, metal mixtures or metal alloys.

In further embodiments, the metal of the metal particles becomes at least

90% by weight selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver, titanium, nickel, gold, platinum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof.

In further embodiments, the metal of the metal particles comprises at most 5 wt%, more preferably at most 2 wt%, more preferably at most 1 wt%, metals selected from the group consisting of silver,

Palladium, platinum, gold, mixtures thereof and alloys thereof. In further embodiments, the metal particles are preferably selected from uncoated metal particles and coated metal particles, wherein the amount of the coating of the coated metal pigments is at most 15 wt .-%, preferably at most 12 wt .-%, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.

The production of the cylinders according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by producing a paste comprising particles, gypsum (calcium sulfate) and water, filling the paste into a mold and curing the paste. To facilitate the processing, a disproportionate amount of water can also be used, which can subsequently be removed again by means of drying processes. The drying can

for example, be accelerated using a drying oven. Here, preferably reactive forms such as calcium sulfate semihydrate are used to produce the cylinders using inorganic binders. Further, for example, mixtures of particles with organic binders such as

Polysaccharides, cellulose and cellulose derivatives are prepared and solidified by compression. In addition, organic binders by means of a

Solvent such as water or an organic solvent are converted into a paste form and brought into the desired shape. The cylinders according to the invention can subsequently be obtained by drying the pastes.

On the other hand, for example, cylinders produced by in-situ powder pressing, and subsequently used in a conveying process, exhibit a very inhomogeneous composition, in particular density gradients, whereby the

Generation of a uniform aerosol stream is difficult to impossible. The cylinders according to the invention have a very homogeneous composition, in particular with regard to the distribution of the particles contained therein. Thus, the uniform and reproducible delivery of the particles contained is made possible, while at the same time the subsidized particles can be varied in a variety of ways without requiring a specific adjustment of the delivery parameters. The particularly homogeneous structure of the cylinders according to the invention can be detected, for example, by means of the average density. For this purpose, at least 3, preferably three, slices are cut out of the column perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the thickness of the slices being at least 1 cm, preferably 1 cm. following the slices are cut into three, preferably approximately equal, sections and their average density determined. The determination of the average density is carried out for example by means of a helium pycnometer type Multipycnometer (Fa.

Quantachrome). Preferably, the deviation of the average density of the samples is at most 10%, more preferably at most 7%, even more preferably at most 3%, based on the arithmetic mean of the samples.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of a particle-containing cylinder according to the invention for producing a particle-containing aerosol. Preferably, one of the aforementioned specific shapes of the cylinders is used.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a coated article, wherein the coating was carried out using an aerosol, which by means of a method according to one of claims 1 to 12 or one of the aspects 1 to 28 and / or using at least one cylinder according to any one of claims 13 to 14 or one of the aspects 29 to 50 was generated.

According to one aspect of the invention, the present invention preferably relates to a process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein a particle-containing cylinder is comminuted,

wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable, the bending strength σ is at most 3.75 N / mm ² , more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm ² , even more preferably at most 1.2 N / mm ² , even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm ² , where σ is calculated according to formula (I)

3 x F x l

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof, the particles contained in the cylinder have a d ₅₀ of at most 300 μηι and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof.

According to an aspect 2, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to aspect 1, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from

Calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof.

According to one aspect of the invention, the present invention preferably relates to a process according to one of the aspects 1 to 2, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides,

Epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,

Polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes,

Polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin,

Epoxy resins, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.

According to an aspect 4, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the cylinder has a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm ² , even more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm ² .

According to an aspect 5, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the particle-containing aerosol is passed on as a continuous aerosol stream. According to an aspect 6, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of the aspects 1 to 5, wherein the particle-containing aerosol in a

A coating method is used which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying, preferably selected from the group consisting of thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal

Plasma spraying. In particular, it is preferred that the coating process be non-thermal plasma spraying.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the comminution of the particle-containing cylinder is effected by means of a brush or an abrasive belt. According to an aspect 8, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the height of the particle-containing cylinder is at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean of the longest axes along the

Base area and the top surface is.

According to one aspect 9, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the cylinder is at least 1, 5 wt .-%

inorganic binder or at least 0.01 wt .-% organic binder. According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the proportion of non-platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 50 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably in one Range from 60% to 98% by weight, more preferably in a range from 70% to 97% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect 1 1, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the particles contained in the cylinder d ₅₀ in a range of 1 μηι to 300 μηι, preferably in a range of 1, 5 μηι to 230 μΓΠ, preferably in a range of 2 μηι to 180 μηι, more preferably in a range of 2.5 μηι to 150 μηι have.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 9 or according to aspect 1 1, wherein the proportion of

platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range from 30% to 75% by weight, preferably in a range from 40% to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range of 50% by weight. to 65 wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to an aspect 13, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the amount of the particles in the cylinder in

Dependence on the amount of platelet-shaped particles at x% by weight

platelet-shaped particles, based on the total weight of the particles, in the range of (50 wt .-% - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (99.9 wt .-% - (0.249 x ^χ) wt .-%) , based on the total weight of the cylinder. Preferably, the amount of the particles in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x ^χ)% by weight) to (98 wt .-% - (0.28 x ^χ) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 x ^χ)% by weight) to (97 wt .-% - (0.32 x ^χ) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect 14, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the total amount of particles and

Binders in the particle-containing cylinder at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, be selected from either metal particles or

Glass particles or microparticles or ceramic particles, based on the total weight of the particles. Preferably, the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, selected from either metal particles or glass particles, more preferably metal particles, based on the total weight of the particles.

According to one aspect 16, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 15, wherein the particle-containing cylinder has a volume of at least 8 cm ³ , preferably at least 1 1 cm ³ , more preferably at least 19 cm ³ , even more preferred of at least 30 cm ³ .

According to one aspect 17, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the amount of the binder in the

particle-containing cylinders in a range from 0.05% to 70% by weight, preferably in a range from 0.07% to 60% by weight, more preferably in a range of 0.1% by weight. % to 45% by weight. According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the particle-containing cylinder is at least 1, 5 wt .-%, preferably at least 1, 9 wt .-%, more preferably at least

2.2 wt .-%, inorganic binder comprises. According to one aspect 19, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 18, wherein the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and silica.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 19, wherein the particle-containing cylinder at least 0.05 wt .-%, preferably at least 0.07 wt .-%, more preferably at least 0, 1 wt. -%, organic binder.

According to one aspect 21, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 20, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives and polysaccharides. Preferably, the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of starch and cellulose derivatives. Examples of the cellulose derivatives are methylcellulose and

Ethyl cellulose. According to one aspect 22, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 21, wherein at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc,

Calcium carbonate, silica, mixtures of calcium silicate hydrates and

Calciumaluminate hydrates, mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides , Polyvinylen, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silica, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. In particular, it is preferred that the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and

Cellulose derivatives.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 22, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt. %, Metal particles are based on the total weight of the particles.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to one of the aspects 1 to 23, wherein the metal of the metal particles is selected to at least 90 wt .-% from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver, Titanium, nickel, gold, platinum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum,

Vanadium, mixtures thereof and alloys thereof.

According to an aspect 25, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 24, wherein the metal of the metal particles is at most 5 wt%, more preferably at most 2 wt%, more preferably at most

1% by weight is selected from the group consisting of silver, palladium, platinum, gold, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof. According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to any of aspects 1 to 25, wherein the metal particles are selected from uncoated metal particles and coated metal particles, the amount of the coating averaging at most 15% by weight, preferably at most 12% by weight. %, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.

According to an aspect 27, the present invention preferably relates to a method of coating a substrate, comprising the following steps

a) production of a particle-containing aerosol according to one of the aspects 1 to 26, b) deposition of the particles on a substrate by a coating method which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying,

High speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying. Preferably, the coating process according to step b) is the non-thermal plasma spraying.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a method according to aspect 27, wherein the particle-containing aerosol from step a) is fed as a continuous aerosol stream to the coating method according to step b).

According to one aspect 29, the present invention preferably relates to a

particle-containing cylinder, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

the bending strength σ not more than 3.75 N / mm ^2, more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm ^2, even more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm ^2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm ^2, is where σ calculated is according to formula (I)

3 x F x l

2 x B x D ² with F = maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in cuboid shape, D

Cuboid shape, I = distance between the two support points, the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

the particles contained in the cylinder have a d ₅ o of a maximum of 300 μηι and the cylinder has at least 0.01 wt .-% binder, based on the

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof

According to one aspect 30, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to aspect 29, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silicon oxide,

Alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof. According to one aspect 31, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 30, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose,

Cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 31, wherein the cylinder has a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 0.0105 N / mm ² , more preferably at least 0.012 N / mm ² , even more preferably at least 0.015 N / mm ² .

According to one aspect 33, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 32, wherein the height of the particle-containing cylinder is at least 2 times, preferably at least 3 times, more preferably at least 4 times, the arithmetic mean the longest axis along the base and the top surface is. According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 33, wherein the proportion of non-platelet particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 50 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably in a range of from 60% to 98% by weight, more preferably in a range of from 70% to 97% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect 35, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to one of the aspects 29 to 34, wherein the particles contained in the cylinder d ₅ o in a range of 1 μηι to 300 μηι, preferably in a range of 1, 5 μηι to 230 μηι, preferably in a range of 2 μηι to 180 μηι, more preferably in a range of 2.5 μηι to 150 μηι have.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 35, wherein the proportion of platelet-shaped metal particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 30 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%, preferably in a range from 40% by weight to 70% by weight, more preferably in a range from 50% by weight to 65% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the cylinder. According to one aspect 37, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 36, wherein the amount of the particles in the cylinder, depending on the amount of the platelet-shaped particles at x wt .-% platelet-shaped particles, based on the total weight of the particles , in the range of (50% by weight - (0.2 x)% by weight) to (99.9% by weight - (0.249 * x)% by weight), based on the Total weight of the cylinder is. Preferably, the amount of the particles in the range of (wt .-% 60 - (0.2 x ^χ)% by weight) to (98 wt .-% - (0.28 x ^χ) wt .-%), more preferably in the range of (70 wt .-% - (0.2 x ^χ)% by weight) to (97 wt .-% - (0.32 x ^χ) wt .-%), based on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to one of the aspects 29 to 37, wherein the total amount of particles and binders in the particle-containing cylinder is at least 90% by weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, more preferably at least 99, 9 wt .-%, is based on the total weight of the cylinder.

According to one aspect 39, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 38, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 Wt .-% are selected from either metal particles or glass particles or microparticles or ceramic particles, based on the total weight of the particles. Preferably, the particles of the particle-containing cylinder are at least 90 wt .-%, preferably at least 95 wt .-%, more preferably at least 99.9 wt .-%, selected from either metal particles or glass particles, more preferably metal particles, based on the Total weight of the particles.

According to an aspect 40, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 39, wherein the particle-containing cylinder has a volume of at least 8 cm ³ , preferably at least 1 1 cm ³ , more preferably at least 19 cm ³ , even more preferably of at least 30 cm ³ , having

According to one aspect 41, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 40, wherein the amount of the binder in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 0.05 wt .-% to 70 wt .-%, preferably in one Range from 0.07 wt.% To 60 wt.%, More preferably in a range of 0.1 wt.% To 45 wt.%. According to one aspect, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 41, wherein the particle-containing cylinder at least 1, 5 wt .-%, preferably at least 1, 9 wt .-%, more preferably at least 2.2 wt .-%, inorganic binder.

According to one aspect 43, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 42, wherein the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and

Silica.

According to one aspect 44, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 43, wherein the particle-containing cylinder is at least 0.05% by weight, preferably at least 0.07% by weight, more preferably at least 0.1% by weight .-%, organic binder comprises.

According to one aspect 45, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 44, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives and polysaccharides. Preferably, the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of starch and cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose and

Ethyl cellulose.

According to one aspect 46, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 45, wherein at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium carbonate, silicon oxide, mixtures of

Calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate hydrates, mixtures of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, the salts of the abovementioned substances and mixtures thereof, preferably from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, silicon oxide, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides .

Polyvinyls, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of Caiciumsulfat, silica, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. In particular, it is preferred that the binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate and cellulose derivatives.

According to one aspect 47, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 46, wherein the particles of the particle-containing cylinder to at least 75 wt .-%, preferably at least 87 wt .-%, more preferably at least 98 wt. -% metal particles are based on the total weight of the particles.

According to an aspect 48, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any one of the aspects 29 to 47, wherein the metal of the metal particles is selected at least 90 wt .-% from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, tin, zinc, iron, silver , Titanium, nickel, gold, platinum, magnesium, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, mixtures thereof, and alloys thereof.

According to one aspect 49, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 48, wherein the metal of the metal particles is at most 5% by weight, more preferably at most 2% by weight, more preferably at most 1% by weight. %, selected from the group consisting of silver, palladium, platinum, gold, mixtures thereof and alloys thereof.

According to one aspect 50, the present invention preferably relates to a particle-containing cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 49, wherein the metal particles are selected from uncoated metal particles and coated

Metal particles, wherein the amount of the coating averages at most 15% by weight, preferably at most 12 wt .-%, more preferably at most 10 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the coated metal pigments.

According to one aspect 51, the present invention preferably relates to the use of a particle-containing cylinder for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

the proportion of particles is in the range from 10% by weight to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the cylinder, the bending strength σ not more than 3.75 N / mm ^2, more preferably at most 2, 1 N / mm ^2, even more preferably at most 1, 2 N / mm ^2, even more preferably at most 0.675 N / mm ^2, is where σ calculated is according to formula (I)

3 x F x l

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

Total weight of the particle-containing cylinder, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of inorganic binders, organic binders and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the particle-containing aerosol is in a

Used coating method, which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying, high-velocity flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying, preferably from the group consisting of thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying.

In particular, it is preferred that the coating process be non-thermal plasma spraying.

According to one aspect 52, the present invention preferably relates to the use according to aspect 51, wherein the inorganic binders are selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates and mixtures thereof.

According to one aspect 53, the present invention preferably relates to the use according to any one of aspects 51 to 52, wherein the organic binders are selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, Polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, Polyester, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and

Mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose,

Cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates,

Polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof, more preferably from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols , Polyamides, epoxy resins, salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.

According to an aspect 54, the present invention preferably relates to the use according to any one of aspects 51 to 53, wherein a cylinder according to any of aspects 29 to 50 is used. According to one aspect 55, the present invention relates to a coated one

An article wherein the coating was carried out using an aerosol produced by a method according to any of aspects 1 to 28 and / or using at least one cylinder according to any one of aspects 29 to 50. pictures

Figure 1: schematic structure of the measurement of bending strength (1 = particle-containing cylinder, 2 = support rods, 3 = load rod)

Figure 2: Curve of the three-point measurement of a cylinder according to Example 1-13 (force in N (y-axis) versus traverse path in mm (x-axis))

Figure 3: SEM image perpendicular to the coating of a coated

Glass carrier, wherein this was broken apart in the coating. Equalization lines were laid through the base surface and the surface of the coating. The thickness of the coating is 25 μηι. Example 1: Production of particle-containing cylinders using gypsum

Type A / Quick Rock gypsum grade 4 (Quick Dental) or B / Quick Dur S (Quick Dental) and various particles according to Table 1 were first mixed with each other and subsequently with DI water (demineralised water) and ethanol. The now easily flowable material was placed in a paper-lined cylindrical shape (circular base, diameter 32 mm). After the cylinder had hardened sufficiently to be dimensionally stable, it was removed from the mold. Subsequently, the obtained cylinder was dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C.

Table 1: Particle-containing cylinders with binder Gypsum: VB: Comparative Example, Ex .: Example, (G): non-platelet-shaped particles, (F): platelet-shaped particles

Table 2: average densities of Example 1-1

Example 2: Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using ethylcellulose Ethocel Standard 200 Premium (Example 2-1, DOW), Aqualon Ethylcellulose N100

(Example 2-2, Ashland) and Ethocel Std 300 Industrial (Example 2-3, DOW) and particles were first mixed together and subsequently with acetone. The material was placed in a paper-lined cylindrical mold (circular base, diameter 32 mm). After the cylinder had hardened sufficiently to be dimensionally stable, it was removed from the mold. Subsequently, the obtained cylinder was dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C.

Particle dso pigment ethylcellulose acetone

Ex. 2-1 Tin (G) 15mm 199.9g 0.3g 14.0g

Ex. 2-2 Tin (G) 15mm 199.9g 0.3g 14.0g

Ex. 2-3 tin (G) 15mm 199.9g 0.3g 14.0g Table 3: Particle-containing cylinder with binder Ethyl cellulose: Ex .: Example, (G): non-platelet particles

Example 3: Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using microcrystalline cellulose

Avicel PH-101 and particles were first mixed together and then filled into a Vaneox (Fluxana) tablet press. The compression was carried out in compression tools with a diameter of 40 mm by means of a pressure of 3 tons for 10 seconds.

Table 4: Particle-containing cylinders with binder microcrystalline cellulose: Ex .: Example, (G): non-platelet particles

Example 4: Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using various

binder

The following binders were initially mixed with the non-platelet

Metal particles (G: non-platelet particles, F: platelet-shaped particles) and subsequently mixed with solvent (E: ethanol, W: water, Am: 90% formic acid, EA: ethyl acetate). The material was placed in a paper-lined cylindrical mold (circular base, diameter 32 mm). After the cylinder had hardened sufficiently to be dimensionally stable, it was removed from the mold. Subsequently, the obtained cylinder was dried in a drying oven at 50 ° C. Trial 4-1 was subsequently dried at 70 ° C. Trial 4-2 was dried at 170 ° C.

Table 5: particle-containing cylinder with various binders Acronal 12 DE, Acronal S747 S (polyacrylates), Acronal 32 D, Styrofan D 780 S, Urecoll 135, Saduren 163, Aerodur DS 3530, Acronal LN 838 S, Aerodur DS 3515, Acronal LN 579 S, Acronal S 888 S and Ultramid A (polyamide) are sold by BASF. Cellulose thickener C 6000 (sodium carboxyethyl cellulose) is sold by Kremer Pigments. Gelita Imagel is distributed by Gelita. Polyglycol 10000 S and polyglycol 1500 S are sold by Clariant. Sakret PU is distributed by SAKRET Trockenbaustoffe Europa GmbH & Co. KG. Epoxy Resin Binder 2000 EP is sold by Solipur - Höfer & Stankowska GbR. CAB 531-1 (cellulose acetate butyrate) is sold by Eastman. Butavar B-76 (polyvinyl butyral) is sold by Eastman Chemical BV. Degalan P24 (polyacrylate) is manufactured by Evonik. distributed.

The cylinders obtained proved to be suitable for the method according to the invention in initial tests.

Example 5: Preparation of particle-containing cylinders using acrylate monomers

0.5 g of dimethyl 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropionate) (trade name V 601, available from WAKO Chemicals GmbH, Fuggerstrasse 12, 41468 Neuss) and 10 g

Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate are mixed in 50 ml of isopropanol. The resulting solution is mixed under 190 g of non-platelet-shaped copper particles (d ₅₀ = 15 μηι) and placed in a paper-lined cylindrical shape (circular base area, diameter 32 mm). Subsequently, the cylinder is cured for 3 h at 90 ° C. The cylinders obtained proved to be suitable for the method according to the invention in initial tests.

Use Example 1: Separation Cylinders according to the invention were transferred into an aerosol by means of an aerosol generator (Palas RBG 10001). The generated aerosol stream was collected and the solid particles contained therein were measured in a HELOS particle size measuring device from Sympatec GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. Further, the particulate matter incorporated in the cylinders was dispersed by means of a Rodos type dispersing unit T4.1 at a primary pressure of, for example, 4 bar dispersed and measured. The evaluation of the scattered light signals is carried out according to the Fraunhofer method.

Table 6: Singulation experiments

Claims

claims

1. A process for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein a particle-containing cylinder is comminuted,

wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable, the proportion of particles in the range of 10 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the

Total weight of the cylinder,

3 x F x l

σ = ~ (/)

2 x B x D ² = F with maximum force, B = width of the cylinder in square shape, D = height of the cylinder in square shape, I = distance between the two points of support,

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates, and mixtures thereof.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives,

Polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides,

Polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, Polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers, polyaldehyde copolymers,

Polycarbonylcopolymere, polyester, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylinder is a

Bending strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm ² .

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cylinder at least

I, 5 wt .-% inorganic binder or at least 0.01 wt .-% organic

Binder has.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the proportion of

non-platelet particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of 50 wt .-% to 99.9 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the cylinder.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the proportion of

platelet-shaped particles in the particle-containing cylinder in a range of

30 wt .-% to 75 wt .-%, in each case based on the total weight of the cylinder. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the total amount of particles and binders in the particle-containing cylinder is at least 90 wt, based on the total weight of the cylinder.

The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the amount of the binder in the particle-containing cylinder is in a range of 0.05% by weight to 70% by weight.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at least one binder of the particle-containing cylinder is selected from the group consisting of

Calcium sulfate and cellulose derivatives.

I i. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the particles of the

Particle-containing cylinder to at least 75 wt .-% metal particles, based on the total weight of the particles.

12. A method of coating a substrate, comprising the following steps

a) preparation of a particle-containing aerosol according to one of claims 1 to 11, b) deposition of the particles on a substrate by a coating method which is selected from the group consisting of cold gas spraying, flame spraying,

High speed flame spraying, thermal plasma spraying and non-thermal plasma spraying.

13. A particle-containing cylinder, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

3 x F x l

2 x B x D ² with F = maximum force, B = width of cylinder in cuboid shape, D = height of cylinder in cuboid shape, I = distance between the two support points, the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles, glass particles, microparticles , Ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,

14. The particle-bearing cylinder according to claim 13, wherein the cylinder has a flexural strength of at least 0.0075 N / mm ² , the inorganic binder is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate, talc, calcium hydroxide, silica, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrates, calcium aluminate hydrates and Mixtures thereof and the organic binder is selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides, gelatin, polyvinyls, Polyacrylates, polyethylene oxides, polyethylene glycols, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyurethanes, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, polyacrylate copolymers,

Polyaldehyde copolymers, polycarbonyl copolymers, polyesters, polyolefin copolymers, the salts of the aforementioned substances and mixtures thereof.

15. Use of a particle-containing cylinder for producing a particle-containing aerosol, wherein the cylinder has a volume of at least 5 cm ³ and is dimensionally stable,

3 x F x l

the particles are selected from the group consisting of metal particles,

Glass particles, microparticles, ceramic particles and mixtures thereof,