EP3160667B1 - Verfahren und umformwerkzeug zum warmumformen sowie entsprechendes werkstück - Google Patents

Verfahren und umformwerkzeug zum warmumformen sowie entsprechendes werkstück Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3160667B1
EP3160667B1 EP15729852.2A EP15729852A EP3160667B1 EP 3160667 B1 EP3160667 B1 EP 3160667B1 EP 15729852 A EP15729852 A EP 15729852A EP 3160667 B1 EP3160667 B1 EP 3160667B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
workpiece
forming
component
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15729852.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3160667A1 (de
Inventor
David Pieronek
Markus ZÖRNACK
Stéphane GRAFF
Sascha Sikora
Christian Müller
Arndt MARX
Jürgen Petry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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Publication of EP3160667A1 publication Critical patent/EP3160667A1/de
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Publication of EP3160667B1 publication Critical patent/EP3160667B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for hot forming and in particular partial press hardening of a workpiece, in particular a board, made of sheet steel, in which the workpiece is heated before forming, in which then the heated workpiece in a forming tool, the two tool components in the form of a die and a stamp, is thermoformed by contact with both tool components hot, and in which then the formed workpiece is at least partially directly exposed to a surrounding the forming tool gas and thereby cooled.
  • the invention relates to a forming tool for hot forming and in particular partial press hardening of a workpiece, in particular a board, made of sheet steel, in particular for carrying out the method defined above, with two tool components in the form of a die and a punch, between which the workpiece can be arranged and the relative are mutually movable, wherein the one of the tool components has a relative to the rest of the tool component movable tool component part, which is movable away in the compressed state of the two tool components of the other of the tool components.
  • the invention relates to a wheel rim for a vehicle rim, which / is produced by the inventive method.
  • a vehicle wheel is a safety component and must therefore be able to withstand high mechanical alternating stresses during operation.
  • Conventional steel wheels consist of a wheel disc, which ensures the connection to the wheel hub, and a rim tape for tire receiving, which is circumferentially connected to the wheel rim.
  • the wheeled dishes are nowadays manufactured on step presses with up to eleven steps. Almost exclusively microalloyed and dual-phase steels with a strength of 400 to 600 MPa are used.
  • the weight plays an essential role, which affects the material costs, unsprung masses, rotationally moving masses and fuel consumption.
  • the present invention therefore relates to the manufacture of any components.
  • the production of a wheel dish is therefore only mentioned as an example in the following.
  • the so-called hot forming is used in vehicle / body construction.
  • hot forming the requirement for a high formability with high strength of the resulting components can be met.
  • Forming processes which involve involving a prior heat treatment of the workpiece, for example in a separate oven, are well known in the art.
  • the hot forming and press hardening is known here.
  • the hot forming of plates (plate-shaped workpieces) of higher and higher strength steels for producing press-hardened components for example, by bringing the workpiece to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature and the immediately subsequent forming is carried out in a forming tool, which in at least one area with a heater for local adjustment of a softer microstructure is equipped.
  • Partial press-hardening is based on the principle that the workpiece previously heated to a temperature above the austenitizing temperature is strongly cooled in the forming tool with the exception of one or more individual regions, in particular using a cooling device in the form of cooling channels in the die and the punch of the forming tool. Due to the rapid cooling, the microstructure at these points is completely converted into martensite and thus fully press-hardened. In the other areas of the workpiece, the heater allows a much slower cooling of the microstructure, whereby the microstructure in these areas is not completely converted into martensite, that is not completely press-hardened.
  • a corresponding method for hot forming and a corresponding forming tool is for example from DE 10 2006 019 395 A1 known.
  • a method and a corresponding forming tool for partial press hardening of a workpiece is known, which is based on the principle after compression of the punch and die directly apart a movable die part and an opposite die part apart, so that for the cooling process, a corresponding region of the formed Workpiece is not in contact with the tool components (die, punch), but the ambient air is exposed.
  • the formed workpiece is slowly cooled on both sides slowly over the air, whereas the adjacent portions, which are still in contact with the tool components in the compressed state, are rapidly cooled by a cooling device in the form of cooling channels in the die and die ,
  • the rapid cooling also leads here to a complete transformation of the microstructure into martensite.
  • the slowly cooled areas of the workpiece are not fully converted into martensite.
  • the object is achieved in a method for hot forming and partial press hardening of a workpiece, in particular a blank, of sheet steel, in which the workpiece is heated prior to forming (until the autenitic state is reached), in which then the heated workpiece in a forming tool, the has two tool components in the form of a die and a punch, is hot formed by contact with both tool components, and in which then the formed workpiece at least partially a surrounding the forming tool gas, in particular air, preferably ambient air, is directly exposed and thereby cooled, characterized solved that after forming at least one tool component part of a tool component which is annularly formed about a central axis which is parallel to the direction of movement of the tool component with the movable tool component part, of the said tool component facing Sei te of the formed workpiece is moved away, while the side facing away from this tool component of the formed workpiece remains fully in contact with the other tool component.
  • At least one tool component part means that, on the one hand, one or more tool component parts of one tool component, for example the punch, is moved away from the formed workpiece while the other part (tool component parts) of this tool component are not moved away, ie in contact with remain the reshaped workpiece.
  • the entire tool component for example the entire punch, is moved away from the formed workpiece.
  • the respective other tool component for example, the die, in contact with the formed workpiece, in full contact, that is, the entire workpiece is to cool on one side completely with the other tool component, such as the die, in Contact.
  • a hot forming and partial (but not complete) press hardening can take place with a reduced manufacturing outlay, as a result of which zone-specific microstructural properties are created in the workpiece which bring about a high fatigue strength at low weight.
  • at least one unilateral tool cooling takes place in the entire workpiece, wherein in sections a double-sided tool cooling is also conceivable.
  • a one-sided mold cooling only, global full-hardening or complete martensite formation, ie over the entire workpiece, does not take place.
  • the invention proposes in one embodiment that the forming tool has a cooling device and at least a first portion of the formed workpiece remains in contact with both tool components during cooling of the formed workpiece and by means the cooling device is cooled and at the same time at least a second portion of the formed workpiece is directly exposed to the gas surrounding the forming tool and thereby cooled more slowly than the at least one first portion.
  • Slower means that the heat transfer between the formed workpiece and the surrounding gas, such as the ambient air, is less than the heat transfer upon contact with the cooled tool component (s).
  • the movable tool component part of the one tool component is moved away from the said tool component side facing the at least a second portion of the formed workpiece, while the side facing away from this tool component of at least a second portion of the formed workpiece further in contact with the other Tool component remains.
  • the tool component with the movable tool component part ie with the tool component part displaceable with respect to the rest of the tool component, is preferably the stamp.
  • the tool component defined as the other tool component in each case is the die.
  • the reverse case namely that the die is formed in several parts and has a movable tool component part, whereas then the stamp remains after forming for cooling on the corresponding side with the workpiece in contact.
  • the tool components are both not formed in several parts, that is not have as defined previously movable tool components, in particular conceivable that the tool component, which is completely moved away from the tool component side facing the formed workpiece, the punch is and the other tool component is the die.
  • the reverse case is also conceivable here, namely that the die is the tool component part which is moved away from the workpiece after forming, while the punch is the tool component part which remains on the workpiece.
  • the deformed workpiece or the at least one second section on the side which is remote from the tool component with the movable tool component part, that is in contact with the respective other tool component is not cooled by means of the cooling device.
  • at least one second section on one side is cooled after being deformed by the surrounding gas, it is in principle also conceivable to use the other side of the second section, which is not exposed to the surrounding gas, since it is in contact with the corresponding tool component part, for example, the die, is still in contact, nevertheless to cool by means of the cooling device (tool cooling).
  • the at least one first section is cooled on both sides by means of the cooling device, that is to say both on the side facing the tool component with the movable tool component part and on the side remote from this tool component.
  • a liquid coolant for example oil, water, ice water, saline solution
  • a liquid coolant for example oil, water, ice water, saline solution
  • the tool component which remains in contact with the at least one second section of the workpiece after forming, should also have a cooling function in the tool component section adjacent to the second section.
  • this tool component portion which is adjacent to the second portion of the workpiece, but is free of cooling channels.
  • These sheet thicknesses are used in the chassis area such as in the manufacture of a wheel rim for a vehicle rim.
  • the relatively large thicknesses are particularly advantageous because the introduced heat, for example, the heat introduced in a furnace upstream of the forming tool can be stored for a particularly long time with thick sheets, so that a one-sided tool contact for heat dissipation and tempering (hardening) used can be.
  • the workpiece made of sheet steel may have a uniform thickness and be monolithic. Also conceivable are workpieces made of tailored products (tailor-made sheet steel semi-finished products), such as tailored blanks, tailored strips, tailored rolled blanks, steel sandwich materials or combinations thereof.
  • the workpiece is formed into a wheel rim for a vehicle rim, wherein the wheel flange of the wheel is cooled by the direct contact with the gas surrounding the forming (relatively slow), while the entire remaining part of the wheel by means of the Cooling device (relatively fast) is cooled.
  • the wheel flange is the range of Radschdorfl meant, which is provided circumferentially with the bores for the wheel bolts.
  • the gas surrounding the forming tool has a temperature in a range of 20 to 30 ° C, in particular a temperature in a range of 22 to 26 ° C, and in particular is air.
  • a temperature in a range of 20 to 30 ° C in particular a temperature in a range of 22 to 26 ° C
  • air in particular is air.
  • the workpiece is heated to a temperature in a range from 750.degree. C. to 1000.degree. C. before forming and / or after the forming in the first section at a cooling rate in a range from 25.degree. s is cooled.
  • the object is further according to another teaching of the present invention in a forming tool for hot forming a workpiece, in particular a board made of sheet steel, in particular for carrying out the method defined above, with two tool components in the form of a die and a punch, between which the workpiece can be arranged is and which are movable relative to each other, wherein the one of the tool components has a movable relative to the rest of the tool component component component part, which is moved away in the compressed state of the two tool components from the other of the tool components, achieved in that the tool component part is formed annularly about a central axis which runs parallel to the direction of movement of the tool component with the movable tool component part.
  • the tool component which has a tool component part that is movable relative to the rest of the tool component, in particular the stamp, wherein the respective other tool component is then the die.
  • the die has a relative to the rest of the die moving part.
  • the movable tool component parts can also have any shape.
  • the tool component part is designed in the form of a ring around a central axis which runs parallel to the direction of movement of the tool component with the movable tool component part.
  • the direction of movement is in particular the direction in which the punch is moved towards the die (pressing direction).
  • the center axis of the movable tool component part extends in this direction.
  • the ring-shaped movable tool component part is particularly suitable for producing in the production of the aforementioned wheel by cooling zone-specific microstructural properties, namely a non-complete transformation into martensite, especially in the region of the wheel flange (the holes for the wheel bolts).
  • the forming tool further comprises a cooling device, in particular a cooling device formed by cooling channels in the die and / or in the punch, wherein the movable tool component part is not connected to the cooling device and in particular free of cooling channels.
  • Steel materials with high material strength with a tensile strength of, for example, more than 800 MPa or high matensite content can fail just under cyclic load at high stress peaks, which occur for example at holes, notches or machined edges early, so that the high material strength is not on the component can be transferred.
  • the workpiece or the wheel disc according to the invention produced by the method according to the invention or the device according to the invention is not completely press-hardened in the heavily loaded areas, such as the wheel flange, which rests on the wheel hub on the vehicle side.
  • either the complete wheel dish can not be completely press-hardened and so that the microstructure of the entire component can not be homogeneously transformed into martensite or only partially press-hardened, as for example in the wheel flange.
  • the fatigue strength of the overall construction is significantly improved.
  • FIGS. 1a ) to d) a method for hot forming and partial press hardening of a workpiece 1 made of sheet steel using the example of a wheel rim to be produced for a vehicle rim described.
  • Fig. 1a shows in the open state, a forming tool 2 with a first tool component 3 in the form of a die 3 and a second tool component 4 in the form of a punch 4.
  • the die 3 is stationary and the punch 4 can for the purpose of forming the workpiece 1 in its entirety be moved to the die 3 until the punch 4 fills the corresponding shape or depression in the die 3.
  • the latter condition is in Fig. 1b ), whereby the heated up to an austenitic state workpiece 1 receives the shape of the wheel.
  • This state is also referred to as a compressed state of the tool components 3 and 4.
  • the punch 4 is formed substantially in three parts, namely with an outer circumferential tool component part 4.2, arranged therein, also circumferential tool component part 4.1, which is annular, and in turn arranged therein another tool component part 4.3.
  • the annular tool component part 4.1 also referred to as a stamp part, relative to the other tool component parts 4.2 and 4.3, so compared to the rest of the stamp, movably mounted and can be moved independently of the rest of the punch against the direction of movement or pressing direction X, as in Fig. 1c ) is shown.
  • the annular tool component part 4.1 is moved away from the stamp 4 facing surface 1a of the workpiece 1, ambient air penetrates to the surface 1a of the workpiece 1, but only in the annular section 1.3, the later wheel flange or Forming area with the holes for the wheel bolts.
  • the stamp parts 4.2 and 4.3 are initially not moved away from the compressed state, but these tool component parts remain in contact with the top 1a of the workpiece 1. Also, the entire die 3 remains at this time with the complete workpiece 1, namely with its bottom 1b in contact.
  • the remaining areas 1.1 and 1.2 of the formed workpiece 1 are in contact both with the top 1a and the bottom 1b with the die 3 and the punch 4, so that no ambient air, at least not to any appreciable extent, reaches the sections 1.1 and 1.2 ,
  • the cooling takes place via a heat transfer to the die 3 and the corresponding stamp parts 4.2 and 4.3, which are still for an increased heat transfer additionally of cooling channels 5, which form a cooling device 5, are interspersed.
  • the cooling channels 5 are flushed through, for example, with oil or ice water, whereby the sections 1.1 and 1.2 of the workpiece 1 cool relatively quickly.
  • the tool component 4.1 is shown here as an example as part of the punch 4. In principle, however, it is also conceivable to form the die 3 with a movable part as an alternative, but in this case the stamp 4 would abut against the workpiece 1 during cooling over the entire surface 1a of the workpiece 1. The workpiece 1 is thus exposed during cooling always only one side of the ambient air or another heat-dissipating gas.
  • the movable tool component part 4.1 is designed here by way of example only around the central axis M annular.
  • other forms of moving tool component sections 4.1 may be conceivable.
  • a single movable tool component section is shown here.
  • two stamp parts 4.2 and 4.3 are also conceivable that no part of the punch 4 at all (or exactly one tool component part or more than two tool component parts) remains in contact with the deformed workpiece 1 for cooling.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
EP15729852.2A 2014-06-25 2015-06-18 Verfahren und umformwerkzeug zum warmumformen sowie entsprechendes werkstück Active EP3160667B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014108901.4A DE102014108901B3 (de) 2014-06-25 2014-06-25 Verfahren und Umformwerkzeug zum Warmumformen sowie entsprechendes Werkstück
PCT/EP2015/063747 WO2015197469A1 (de) 2014-06-25 2015-06-18 Verfahren und umformwerkzeug zum warmumformen sowie entsprechendes werkstück

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3160667A1 EP3160667A1 (de) 2017-05-03
EP3160667B1 true EP3160667B1 (de) 2019-10-16

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EP15729852.2A Active EP3160667B1 (de) 2014-06-25 2015-06-18 Verfahren und umformwerkzeug zum warmumformen sowie entsprechendes werkstück

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EP (1) EP3160667B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN107000018B (zh)
DE (1) DE102014108901B3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2763101T3 (zh)
MX (1) MX2016017267A (zh)
WO (1) WO2015197469A1 (zh)

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DE102014221997A1 (de) 2014-10-29 2016-05-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Formwerkzeug zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten Bauteilen
CN105537414B (zh) * 2016-02-05 2017-12-29 东风商用车有限公司 一种带冷却水道的热冲压模具及其制造工艺
DE102016202381B4 (de) 2016-02-17 2022-08-18 Thyssenkrupp Ag Fahrzeugrad
US20190388952A1 (en) 2017-01-18 2019-12-26 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Method for producing a vehicle wheel consisting of sheet metal
WO2018141391A1 (de) 2017-02-02 2018-08-09 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines fahrzeugrades in blechbauweise
DE102017223374A1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2019-06-27 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Profilbauteils sowie Profilbauteil
CN111655394B (zh) * 2018-01-25 2022-04-01 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 用于制造轮盘的方法
DE102018205772A1 (de) 2018-04-17 2019-10-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Felge
DE102018205773A1 (de) 2018-04-17 2019-10-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren und Werkzeug zur Herstellung eines Fahrzeug-Rades
DE102018209878A1 (de) 2018-06-19 2019-12-19 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radschüssel
DE102018209879A1 (de) 2018-06-19 2019-12-19 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radschüssel
CN111390033A (zh) * 2020-03-24 2020-07-10 首钢集团有限公司 一种热成形零件制备装置以及制备方法
CN112427520A (zh) * 2020-10-26 2021-03-02 上海凌云汽车模具有限公司 一种非常规截型金属件热成型方法和环形工件
CN114289629A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-04-08 浙江金固股份有限公司 轮辋的成型方法

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US20060284474A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2006-12-21 Klaus Bluemel Vehicle wheel consisting of sheet metal, especially sheet steel

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DE102006019395A1 (de) * 2006-04-24 2007-10-25 Thyssenkrupp Steel Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umformen von Platinen aus höher- und höchstfesten Stählen
CN201231286Y (zh) * 2008-07-31 2009-05-06 钢铁研究总院 汽车车身零件用热冲压成型模具
DE102010011188A1 (de) * 2010-03-11 2012-01-12 Thyssenkrupp Sofedit S.A.S Formwerkzeug mit innerhalb von Werkzeugteilen verzweigten Kühlkanalbohrungen
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2016017267A (es) 2017-05-08
EP3160667A1 (de) 2017-05-03
CN107000018A (zh) 2017-08-01
DE102014108901B3 (de) 2015-10-01
WO2015197469A1 (de) 2015-12-30
ES2763101T3 (es) 2020-05-27
CN107000018B (zh) 2019-09-10

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