EP3157888A1 - Procédé et couche d'étanchéité pour l'affinement de matériaux - Google Patents

Procédé et couche d'étanchéité pour l'affinement de matériaux

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Publication number
EP3157888A1
EP3157888A1 EP15737998.3A EP15737998A EP3157888A1 EP 3157888 A1 EP3157888 A1 EP 3157888A1 EP 15737998 A EP15737998 A EP 15737998A EP 3157888 A1 EP3157888 A1 EP 3157888A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixture
materials
cracks
crack
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15737998.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg RATHENOW
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP3157888A1 publication Critical patent/EP3157888A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5076—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
    • C04B41/5089—Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/65—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/68—Silicic acid; Silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
    • C09D1/04—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates with organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for refining of materials, as well as a sealing layer produced by the method for refining a material, in particular a mineral, polymeric or metallic material.
  • This method or this sealing layer is suitable not only for refining of removed materials but also for the secure sealing of materials, such as concrete, steel or wood, provided that the materials have at least one crack.
  • refining is understood to mean the pure refining of materials without cracks but also refining, then sealing, of materials having at least one crack.
  • the method or sealant layer of this invention enables a safe, environmentally sound seal of materials and serves to increase the resistance of the materials to environmental influences, such as e.g. thermal stress, mechanical stress, chemical attack, water entry, corrosion and dehydration.
  • environmental influences such as e.g. thermal stress, mechanical stress, chemical attack, water entry, corrosion and dehydration.
  • the process allows the safe sealing of materials that have cracks in order to ensure the resistance of the materials to such environmental influences despite cracking.
  • the method according to the invention or the sealing layer according to the invention can be used for new construction and for renovation purposes of different materials.
  • a sealing and corrosion protection of water systems can be achieved by the present inventive method.
  • this mainly means LAU plants (facilities for storage, filling and transhipment) and HBV plants (plants for production, treatment and use) which, according to the WHG (Water Resources Act), deal with water-polluting substances be so constructed and so constructed, maintained, operated and decommissioned that a detrimental change in the characteristics of bodies of water can not be obtained.
  • WHG Water Resources Act
  • the basic requirements contained in the WHG on the handling of substances hazardous to water will in future be regulated in a uniform national ordinance on facilities for the handling of substances hazardous to water (AwSV, formerly VAUwS).
  • AwSV will replace the previous 16 plant regulations (VAwS) of the individual federal states and thus achieve a nationwide uniform level of protection in the field of plant-related water protection - which amounts to a fundamental change in water protection.
  • VAwS 16 plant regulations
  • the present inventive method or the present sealing layer according to the invention is suitable for meeting the current and future requirements and standards of the respective regulations for securing installations, in particular when they handle the handling of water-polluting substances. This is done by the inventive refining of materials, which are rehabilitated in the case of finishing in terms of a seal.
  • Concretes such as WU (impermeable to water) concrete according to the DAfStB guideline (German Committee for Reinforced Concrete) for LAU and HBV systems, cracked construction) exhibit material fatigue, erosion or corrosion of the material and cracks in the material after a certain period of use.
  • the crack width (ie “calculated value of the crack width") is an important parameter which, as a rule, must not exceed a crack width of 0.2 mm to 0.1 mm
  • a cracked construction of LAU and HBV systems results in a leaking and impermanence of the material for liquids, which can also lead to the corrosion of underlying steel reinforcements (eg reinforced concrete), even smaller cracks, which do not have to go through the entire wall thickness
  • the aim is often not to prevent the formation of cracks, but merely to limit the crack widths to harmless values in the used state.
  • EP0173873 describes a hydraulically setting system with continuous, targeted fiber introduction for the continuous production of fiber concrete slabs.
  • EP 1876153 describes a liquid and relatively easy to process UHPC (English, ultra high performance concrete) with Stahlfaserièreischung.
  • the system is also hydraulically hardening.
  • WO02090073 discloses a loose fiber admixture in the concrete, however, wherein an inhomogeneous fiber distribution in the resulting matrix is formed and the chemical resistance is given only up to about pH 3. Also, the resulting matrix has other disadvantageous properties, sometimes a relatively high porosity. Most currently used materials are based on hydraulically hardening cement systems. The addition of water to such hydraulically curing systems such as Portland cement clinker (CEM I) rapid hydration is achieved in the needle-shaped calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) crystals grow, which condense by physical entanglement. When using Portland cement clinker (CEM I), there is the additional disadvantage that about 25% of the binder matrix as Ca (OH) 2
  • Binders such as mortars and cement-based concretes (usually Portland cement) show little chemical resistance when in contact with acidic media.
  • in pipelines and structures for the treatment of liquids (eg industrial or urban sewer) damage occurs in connection with an insufficient acid resistance. This is due, among other things, to biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion, which leads to extremely low pH values at the contact surface of the material, which severely attacks the material.
  • polymeric sealing layers are usually characterized by a relatively poor adhesion, especially on wet ground or when backwaters.
  • such polymeric sealing layers usually have only low temperature stability up to a maximum of 150 ° C and show a relatively low stability to organic acids, alkalis,
  • water glasses have been used as a silicon alkaline primer for the impregnation of porous building materials, but due to their limited resistance to water, they still had to be subsequently protected by cement mortar or organic coatings. Furthermore, such impregnations can not be used at high degrees of moisture penetration in the subsurface of the porous building materials.
  • JP20091 32603 describes a method of reducing the decay of concretes.
  • a coating of resin eg acrylic resin
  • water glass is applied to the concrete to make it more resistant to cold and frost and to protect against the entry of water.
  • the coating hardens with C0 2 from the air, so it is not suitable for concretes with a high degree of humidity, which allow only a small gas exchange.
  • a driving rain outside can cause C0 2 partially washed out before the reaction can take place and the water glass can not cure effectively.
  • the coating contains no complexing agent, so that the water glass abruptly with Ca (OH) 2 of the concrete matrix reacts and so a high penetration depth of the coating in the concrete is not possible.
  • coating as described in JP2009132603 can no longer be used to revise coated surfaces using conventional methods of preparation, since certain ments (such as epoxy resins [2K epoxy] or cement mortar) can no longer adhere to the treated surface.
  • certain ments such as epoxy resins [2K epoxy] or cement mortar
  • the sealing layer applied according to the invention during the process should have excellent adhesion to the material. It should be sealed by means of the method of the present invention existing cracks in materials. At the same time, the method or the sealing layer should increase the corrosion resistance of the finished material and serve the fire protection and also the wear protection. Furthermore, by the method, a thermal insulation effect can be generated (eg by the introduction of air or lightweight aggregates) or a good thermal conductivity can be achieved (eg by the incorporation of highly conductive additives such as graphite, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes).
  • the method or the sealing layer according to the invention should be carried out or produced by means of such components which can be applied to the material and thereby ensure a high penetration depth into the material. This is intended to achieve a mechanical and chemical solidification of the material.
  • a material refined according to the invention should also have good adhesion and thus enable adhesion to subsequently applied coatings.
  • a method for refining of materials wherein the following steps are carried out: mixing of potassium or lithium water glass with a water glass hardener and a
  • a sealing layer for refining a material, in particular a mineral, polymeric or metallic substrate, which is produced by a method according to the present invention.
  • the sealing layer comprises a silicate binder matrix and the binder matrix comprises a liquid inorganic binder and a latent hydraulic binder in stoichiometric amount, wherein the latent hydraulic binder is activated with the inorganic binder alkaline, and the sealing layer of the liquid inorganic binder is cured.
  • the sealing layer according to the invention is preferably the cured, and more preferably the mixture applied and cured on the material according to the method of the invention.
  • the material to which the is applied according to the method according to the invention may be non-cracked or have at least one crack.
  • the method thus serves both the pure finishing of the material, if this is not cracked, or the sealing of a material with cracks.
  • the aspect of prevention of the formation of (further) cracks also plays a role here.
  • An advantage of this method is a good penetration depth and uniform reaction of the mixture in and with the material.
  • a sealing of cracks which has the material.
  • the mixture of the present invention also serves as anti-soiling protection for the material.
  • the method according to the invention particularly advantageously achieves a sealing layer according to the invention.
  • This can in particular be applied preventively or as a remedial measure on substrates or materials and seal them against cracks in the substrate or the materials.
  • the present method is also carried out with materials that have no cracks. In this case, it is a refinement of the material to make it more resistant to environmental influences and to prevent cracking.
  • the sealing layer according to the invention should be applied preventively to prevent cracking.
  • the present method is also carried out with materials having at least one crack. In such a case, it is the sealing of the existing cracks to restore the integrity of the material and to make it resistant to environmental influences. The present method can therefore be used to seal existing cracks and thus to repair the material.
  • the term "material” as used herein is intended to mean, in particular, a substrate to be treated with the method according to the invention, to which the sealing layer according to the invention is to be applied. It should also be understood that both in cracks having substrates or materials, as well as substrates or materials that have no cracks, the sealing layer of the invention advantageously prevents the penetration of water pollutants into the groundwater, in particular sustainable dense and resistant is. It should be understood that, especially in the event of an accident, usually high temperatures prevail (fire, high-temperature stored hazardous substances, high process temperatures, etc.).
  • the sealing layer according to the invention is temperature-resistant and can advantageously prevent penetration of water-polluting substances into the groundwater even in such extreme situations.
  • a sealing layer according to the invention is characterized by a particularly good adhesion to concrete and steel, forms substantially no cracks, is stress-free, temperature-stable, and seamless, and thus relatively low maintenance.
  • the sealing layer of the invention is characterized by a relatively high resistance to acids, alkalis, solvents, temperature and
  • the sealing layer according to the invention can also be applied to damp, dusty substrates or backwaters.
  • the method is particularly suitable for materials such as mineral, polymeric or metallic substrates.
  • a material or substrate may in particular be selected from the group consisting of in-situ concrete, precast concrete elements, new construction, renovation, masonry, stones.
  • the method according to the invention may comprise, in particular, a pretreatment of the substrate, such as, for example, predrying with warm air, cleaning by high pressure water jetting, grinding or milling, or the like.
  • a material or substrate may in particular be selected from the group comprising black steel and stainless steel.
  • the method according to the invention may in particular comprise a pretreatment of the substrate, such as, for example, the preceding roughening, for example by sandblasting, for example with a surface roughness of 75 m.
  • the method according to the invention may in particular comprise a pretreatment of the substrate, such as the preceding application of organically bound primers or coatings, the spreading with quartz sand.
  • the method according to the invention may comprise a pretreatment comprising the melting down of adhesive substrates such as, for example, glass or carbon fiber fabrics (so-called single-sintering) or scarfing.
  • adhesive substrates such as, for example, glass or carbon fiber fabrics (so-called single-sintering) or scarfing.
  • An integration is advantageously carried out on quartz sand scattering or primer.
  • the material preferably concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, any metal or metal alloy, wood, ceramic, glass or glass fiber reinforced plastic or a mixture of one or more of these materials.
  • the refining of the material with the mixture according to the invention has a high density and durability with excellent environmental compatibility. Furthermore, the temperature resistance, the chemical resistance, the corrosion resistance, the fire resistance and the wear protection of the material are increased. This is caused by a deep penetration of the mixture into the material. The material is thereby mechanically and chemically solidified. In particular, low-strength materials can be solidified. In the case of concrete and / or reinforced concrete, by applying the mixture according to the invention higher adhesion values and a chemical concrete compaction are achieved.
  • the mixture according to the invention is highly temperature-resistant and is both high (at most 1350 ° C.) and stable at low temperatures (maximum to - 273, 15 ° C.). This is caused by a high degree of crystallization of the mixture, as well as a low or absent Kapillarporostician the hardened mixture.
  • the mixture according to the invention is suitable as an intermediate layer and can provide a good bond to possibly subsequently applied coatings (eg cement, polymer coatings and / or silicate coatings).
  • it may be necessary, after the application of the mixture for example, to apply further mortar to the finished material in order to reprofile it.
  • the inventive, silicate Sprinkle coating with quartz sand to better bond to subsequent layers.
  • materials refers to building materials of all kinds, in particular mineral, polymeric or metallic substrates, for example selected but not limited to concrete, reinforced concrete,
  • the mixture of the present invention comprises a primer with lithium or potassium waterglass.
  • the waterglass may serve especially as an inorganic binder in the mixture.
  • Water glasses may be in solution, preferably aqueous solution, or in powder form. More specifically, the mixture according to the invention can comprise water glass both from a one-component product (1 k) with powdered waterglass and from a two-component product (2 k) with liquid waterglass component.
  • the method of the invention may include, during or prior to the mixing step, a step of mixing the waterglass component.
  • the method may comprise a step of mixing powdered waterglass (1k) with water and / or powder component (2k) with liquid waterglass component. It should be understood in this context that preferably the ready-to-use mixture is produced on the spot immediately before the application of the mixture due to the relatively short pot life on a material.
  • the mixture according to the invention further comprises a waterglass hardener, which reliably realizes the reaction even at high degrees of moisture penetration.
  • a waterglass hardener according to the method of the invention, it is possible to use substances which are suitable for advantageously minimizing the processing time of the mixture and / or the hardening of the mixture relative to the sealing layer in a catalyst-controlled manner.
  • the water glass hardener is in an amount of 0.2 to 99.9%, preferably in an amount of 0.2 to 40 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 2 to 10 wt .-%, more preferably in one Amount of 4 to 10 wt .-% and particularly preferably in an amount of 4.5 to 10 wt .-%, based on the total mixture, in the mixture before.
  • the water glass hardener is an organic acid, an inorganic compound, especially inorganic acid, a phosphate or a polyphosphate salt, or a mixture of two or more of these substances.
  • the water glass hardener is phosphoric acid, glycolic acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, silicic acid, boric acid, magnesium silicofluoride, phosphate hardener (phosfate or polyphosphate salt), sodium trichloroacetate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum polyphosphate,
  • One or more waterglass hardeners can be used in very flexible amounts, namely of at least 0.1% by weight, at least 0.2% by weight, at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1.0% by weight. %, at least 5.0 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 25 wt%, and up to upper limits of up to 99 wt% , based on the mixture.
  • at least 2% by weight of waterglass hardener are preferably present in the mixture and likewise preferably at most 10% by weight.
  • a preferred range for the amount of water glass hardener, from 2 to 6 wt%, based on the total mixture is another preferred range.
  • the water glass hardener is a calcium donor.
  • a Kaizumspender is preferably selected from the group comprising Compkalkhydrat, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride or Portland cement clinker.
  • the water glass hardener is aluminum phosphate, ascorbic acid or a mixture of these substances. With respect to the amounts in the case where the waterglass hardener is aluminum phosphate, ascorbic acid or a mixture of these substances, the amounts are as stated above, namely of at least 0.2 wt .-% and up to upper limits of up to 99 wt .-%, based on the mix.
  • At least 2% by weight of said special waterglass hardener is present in the mixture and likewise preferably at most 10% by weight.
  • 2 to 10% by weight is a preferred range for the amount of waterglass hardener (aluminum phosphate, ascorbic acid or a mixture of these substances) mentioned here.
  • 2 to 6 wt .-%, based on the total mixture, is another preferred range.
  • the mixture contains as water glass hardener 0.2 to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2 wt .-% glycolic acid and / or 0.2 to 99.9 wt. -%, preferably 0.2 to 2 wt .-% ascorbic acid and / or 0.2 to 99.9 wt .-%, preferably 0.2 to 2 wt .-% sodium trichloroacetate and / or 0.2 to 99 , 9 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 10 wt .-% of a phosphate, preferably 2 to 8 wt .-% aluminum phosphates.
  • the curing rate can be adjusted by the acid content and the strength of the acid. Strong acids can accelerate the curing and weak acids lead to a longer curing time.
  • the water glass hardener based on the total mixture comprises 0.2-3 wt .-%, glycolic acid, 0.2-3 wt .-%, ascorbic acid, 0, 1-3 wt .-%, sodium trichloroacetate.
  • aluminum phosphates it is possible to use all known aluminum phosphates comprising aluminum orthophosphate, aluminum metaphosphate and / or aluminum polyphosphate and also their modifications.
  • the waterglass hardener comprises 1-15% by weight, phosphorus hardener, more preferably 1-9% by weight, aluminum phosphate or aluminum polyphosphate, based on the entire mixture.
  • the added amount of water glass hardener can be used to control the rate of curing of the mixture. Since the present water glass based mixture is substantially cured by the addition of the water glass hardener, the amount of water glass hardener can be adjusted to the given conditions such as temperature or humidity.
  • the mixture according to the invention may also comprise accelerators and / or retarding agents, which are preferably selected from the group comprising alkaline earth or alkali metal salts, for example lithium carbonate, Sodium sulfate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, lithium silicate, magnesium silicate, or the like.
  • accelerators and / or retarding agents which are preferably selected from the group comprising alkaline earth or alkali metal salts, for example lithium carbonate, Sodium sulfate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, lithium silicate, magnesium silicate, or the like.
  • the mixture to be applied according to the method of the invention further comprises a complexing agent. This prevents unwanted side reactions between the water glass, the Wasserglashmaschineter and the material. This occurs in particular when the material is concrete and / or reinforced concrete and calcium ions cause the disruptive side reactions.
  • a complexing agent This prevents unwanted side reactions between the water glass, the Wasserglashmaschineter and the material. This occurs in particular when the material is concrete and / or reinforced concrete and calcium ions cause the disruptive side reactions.
  • Complexing agent can be advantageously used to prevent in particular the disturbing reaction with, for example, calcium ions and thus, in particular, the finishing at temperatures just above the freezing point, such as at temperatures in the range of 0 to 10 ° C, for example, take place within a day. It should be understood in this context that free or liberated calcium ions interfere with the curing of the sealing layer or general cementitious systems. Therefore, according to the present invention, they are complexed by the complexing agent, preferably by polyvalent metal ions, and thus are advantageously removed from the equilibrium of the reaction occurring in the present process.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that especially in cementitious materials, a chemical reaction with the free or released Ca (OH) 2 of the cement matrix is possible in an advantageous manner, so that a monolithic adhesive bond with the Density layer is formed and thus a solidification of low-strength cementitious substrates by means of the method or the sealing layer according to the invention is achieved.
  • the process according to the invention therefore particularly preferably further comprises a chemical reaction of free and / or released Ca (OH) 2 with the complexing agent. This is particularly advantageous when the sealing layer according to the invention or the method according to the present invention is to be applied or applied to such a cementitious material.
  • the acidic water glass hardener such as phosphoric acid or aluminum oxide
  • a silica eg H 2 Si0 3
  • Water itself does not participate in the curing reaction. It is merely used as a solvent or slurry. Therefore, the mixture can be used even at elevated temperatures, namely, even if more water evaporates from the mixture, since the curing is not dependent on water. In some cases, it can even be considered an advantage if the water evaporates faster, as this water resistance, sealing and curing can be achieved.
  • a component of the mixture of the present invention is a complexing agent.
  • Complexing agents are substances which, together with metal ions, in particular with polyvalent metal ions, form a metal complex and thus complex the metal ions. Therefore, be
  • Complexing agents also referred to as complexing agents. Especially preferred
  • Complexing agents are chelating agents, as these usually form more stable complexes.
  • the mixture of the present invention comprises a complexing agent capable of complexing calcium ions.
  • the complexing agent is selected from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hexametaphosphonate, oxalate, citrate, iminodisuccinate salt and / or zeolite.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • hexametaphosphonate hexametaphosphonate
  • oxalate citrate
  • iminodisuccinate salt / or zeolite.
  • the complexing agent is in an amount of less than 10 wt .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 0.8 wt .-%, more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 0.7 wt.%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.3 to 0.7 wt.%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.3 to 0.6 wt.%, and most preferably in in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6 wt .-% as a proportion of Mixture before.
  • Levels of more than 1% by weight may be applicable if it is necessary to expect particularly high calcium ion contents in the use of the mixture, for example when using very hard water.
  • the use of very hard water (hardness> 3, corresponds to a value of> 3.8 mmol total hardness / liter) is according to the invention, although not preferred, but nevertheless possible by the use of higher amounts of the complexing agent.
  • the complexing agent is preferably provided in the process according to the invention as a powder or powder mixture.
  • the complexing agent is present in amounts of at least 0.2 wt .-%. In an exception, amounts of up to 99.9% by weight, based on the mixture, of the mixture are present as the upper limit.
  • the mixture according to the invention can be processed in a wide temperature range and leads to highly chemical-resistant products, which are also water-impermeable even for pressurized water up to 5 bar. With the mixture of the present invention, it is possible to form a dense lattice by targeted crystallization. This cured mixture is so resistant that even a thin layer of about 2 to 3 mm against water pressure of 5 bar is impermeable to water, and is therefore particularly suitable for chemical resistant and watertight lining of pipes, tanks, reservoirs and the like.
  • the inventive method is after mixing of potassium or lithium waterglass with a waterglass hardener, and a complexing agent in Water, the prepared mixture applied to a material.
  • the mixture preferably the mixture, optionally after a step of mixing the water glass, and applied to the surface of the material.
  • the inventive mixture is according to the present inventive method particularly preferably by means of liquid spraying (with and without air), spatulas, dipping, brushing, rolling, knife coating, spraying, spinning, pumping, injection molding, dry and wet spraying, vacuum infiltration, injecting, in particular injection and without pressure support, pressing, in particular crack pressing, tassel, trowel or casting, pouring / pumping, in particular self-leveling or by means of similar methods on and / or in the material up and / or introduced.
  • a defined amount of the mixture can be applied to the surface of the material with a doctor blade or toothed strip and / or, if necessary, the applied mixture can be smoothed or bled.
  • the method may comprise a post-treatment of the mixture by means of water glass for sealing and cleaning (pore filler).
  • the method according to the invention is used for sealing cracks.
  • one or more cracks having a crack width of up to 300 ⁇ m are sealed off by the method according to the invention, more preferably up to 200 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably up to 100 ⁇ m.
  • cracks having a crack width of at least 100 ⁇ m, preferably at least 200 ⁇ m, more preferably at least 300 ⁇ m, are sealed by the method according to the invention.
  • the filler is an inorganic binder, in particular a latent hydraulic or pozzolanic binder.
  • Inorganic binders are preferably selected from microsilica, silica fume, kieselguhr, fly ash, trass, tuff, limestone, brick dust, oil shale, kaolin, granulated blastfurnace and / or fly ash. Particular preference is given to It is the filler, which is added to the mixture according to the invention, an inorganic binder, preferably a latent hydraulic binder, more preferably granulated blast or fly ash or a mixture of these substances. Cracks up to 100 ⁇ be sealed in the process according to the invention preferably without the addition of further fillers to the mixture according to the invention.
  • Cracks from a crack width of 100 ⁇ or> 100 ⁇ are sealed by the process according to the invention by adding fillers to the mixture according to the invention, wherein the fillers of the mixture are added before the application of the mixture. It is also conceivable that the filler or fillers are first applied to the material in order to penetrate into the cracks, and then the application of the mixture takes place. In this case, the mixture itself may also contain fillers, but it can also be applied without fillers.
  • Fillers include inert or reactive fillers.
  • quartz sand and / or other inert and / or reactive fillers or mixtures of these substances which are preferably selected from rubber granules, PE, PP, atactic PE or PE, liquid polymer dispersions or pulverulent polymers such as Pure acrylate, styrene acrylate, polyurethane, latex or rubber, granulated blastfurnace, microsilica, slag, fly ash, trass flour, clay, oil shale, glass.
  • the mixture according to the invention may additionally or alternatively be admixed with one or more fillers selected from quartz flour, mica, kaolin, Al 2 O 3 , barite, fluorspar, Al (OH) 2 .
  • the filler to which the mixture according to the invention is added is quartz sand, granulated slag, fly ash or a mixture of these substances.
  • fillers e.g. Granulated blastfurnace slag, microsilica, slag, fly ash, trass flour, brick dust, oil shale or glass also make it possible to reprofile the material being processed.
  • a gas, in particular air is added to the mixture according to the invention as filler.
  • Gas, especially air, as Filler may be advantageous in terms of thermal insulation properties and / or chemical stability as a filler.
  • gas, in particular air can be added as a filler to the mixture in the form of foam.
  • foam can be prepared by first water with an alkali-stable surfactant and then admixed with the mixture, in particular underlined, this foam.
  • lightweight aggregates such as expanded glass, or hollow glass spheres or aerogels can be admixed.
  • foam and light fillers can be added.
  • Fillers can already the mixture in a dry state, ie before the addition of
  • Water be added.
  • fillers may be added to the dry mix as a dry mortar or on-site as a site mix (e.g., screed). After addition of water, the mixture according to the invention is then used in the process according to the invention.
  • Fillers as used herein, are the mixture of the invention
  • fillers which are preferably selected from metal powder, graphite, conductive fibers and carbon nanotubes are suitable for this purpose. Additionally or alternatively, fillers are preferably added to the mixture according to the invention in order to improve the electrical conductivity. In particular, electrical conductivity may be achieved by the incorporation of fillers, preferably in the form of conductive fibers (e.g., carbon fibers), carbon black, graphite, metal powders, or other conductive materials (e.g., Minatec). Additionally or alternatively, fillers are preferably added to the mixture according to the invention in order to improve the thermal insulation. This can be done by adding fillers
  • fillers are preferably added to the blend of the invention to improve skid resistance and wear resistance. This can be achieved by the sprinkling or incorporation of fillers, preferably in the form of slip-resistant materials or Hard materials such as quartz sand, silicon carbide, pumice, basalt or Korunth be achieved in the still moist mixture.
  • fillers are preferably added to the blend of the invention to improve slip properties.
  • slip additives such as molybdenum sulfite, graphite or boron nitride can be added to the mixture to improve the sliding properties.
  • fillers, as used herein are preferably added to the blend of the invention to optimize the hydrophobizing agent.
  • the surface may be rendered hydrophobic or oleophobic by paraffins, silicones, silanes or fluorosilanes or other hydrophobicizing agents.
  • fillers, as used herein are preferably added to the blend of the present invention to enhance its appearance.
  • the color, the smell, or the appearance of the coating can be improved by the admixture of, for example, pigments, jewelry grain.
  • the resulting sealing layer can be visually improved by a step of the aftertreatment, for example, grinding of the grain and if necessary polishing to a high gloss.
  • a terrazzo optic can be achieved.
  • silica sand and glass as fillers advantageous properties, since they are very chemical and up to 600 ° Tempe- raturbestopathy, inexpensive and beneficial in recycling recyclables.
  • the filler is a fiber material.
  • the added fibers may include various materials such as glass, stone, paper, wood, cellulose, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate, aramid, carbon, nylon, iron, steel, titanium, gold, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, Include niobium, etc.
  • the fibers of the fiber material may also comprise mixtures of fibers of different materials.
  • the fibers of the fibrous material may be particularly advantageous as hollow fibers, in loose form, as filaments, fabrics, scrims, knits, mesh, mesh, nonwoven fabric, in broken, cut, chopped or ground form, both long and short, thick and thin Fibers can be used.
  • a fiber reinforcement of the sealing layer can be achieved particularly advantageously.
  • the fiber can be in the form of a grid, woven fabric, nonwoven, cut fibers, hollow fibers, nanotubes or other geometries.
  • the fibers can be admixed in a dry mortar mixture, blended locally in a construction site mixture, or metered directly into the injection process as cut fibers.
  • the fabrics or scrims may be submitted dry, applied to the material with the mixture, or placed in the still fresh mixture applied to the material.
  • a crack-distributing effect can be achieved particularly advantageously. In this case, a crack-distributing effect of at least 0.2 mm to 1.2 mm is advantageous (thermally or dynamically active cracks).
  • a preferred fiber length of the fibers of the fiber material is 1 m to 10 nm, preferably 0.1-100 cm, more preferably 0.5-25 cm, and the preferred fiber diameter is 1 m to 10 nm, preferably 0.01 to 5 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 -2mm.
  • the choice of fibers depends strongly on the properties of the material to be achieved. The present inventor has recognized, however, that with too long fibers selected the processing difficult and fiber breaks occur more frequently. Also thinner fibers allow a higher packing density.
  • the proportion of the fibers in the mixture according to the invention is preferably at least 0.001 wt .-% or at least 0.5 wt .-% or at least 4 wt .-% or at least 9 wt .-%.
  • the proportion of fibers can be selected particularly advantageously, inter alia, depending on the surface or on the degree of comminution of the fiber matrix.
  • the method comprises a step of providing a crack distribution layer or the sealing layer comprises a crack distribution layer.
  • the method according to the invention can comprise a step of priming and / or providing glass foam plates for this purpose.
  • plates can be adhered to the surface of the material after surface preparation with the mixture according to the invention, virtually as a putty, or by means of other suitable adhesive over the entire surface or selectively, and the joint joints are particularly advantageous already closed.
  • the filler is a latent-hydraulic binder, preferably selected from granulated blastfurnace and / or fly ash.
  • latent-hydraulic binder preferably selected from granulated blastfurnace and / or fly ash.
  • the latent-hydraulic binder is added as a filler of the mixture in the process according to the invention in a stoichiometric amount in relation to the water glass. In this case, the addition takes place in particular after determination and depending on the reactive groups of the latent-hydraulic binder.
  • the present invention makes use of the fact that by providing a potassium or lithium water glass and a latently hydraulic binder, a sealing layer in the form of a silicate binder matrix can be achieved, which has particularly advantageous properties.
  • a sealing layer according to the invention based on the alkaline activation of latent hydraulic binders such as blastfurnace slag or fly ash with water glass.
  • the sealing layer thus obtained is three-dimensionally crosslinked and hardens quasi as a monocrystal from the liquid mixture, which comprises as a filler, the latent hydraulic binder, substantially stress and crack-free.
  • such a sealing layer can cure as a nearly monocrystal or monocrystal.
  • a single crystal or monocrystal as used herein preferably refers to a macroscopic crystal whose building blocks (atoms, ions or molecules) form a continuous, uniform, homogeneous crystal lattice. This distinguishes monocrystals from polycrystalline aggregates or amorphous substances. Since such a sealing layer does not have a continuous capillary porosity, it does not provide a settlement basis for microorganisms, in particular since there is no stored moisture as substrate, and is thus micobiologically stable without biocides having to be used.
  • the sealing layer is watertight and therefore ideally suited as a dense and resistant sealing layer for water-polluting substances such as acids, lyes or solvents, radioactive radiation, waste, especially at high or low temperatures.
  • the water glass present in the mixture also provides an excellent bond to the material, in particular in the form of a mineral or metallic substrate, and also leads to a very good integration of possible further fillers.
  • a particular advantage of such a sealing layer according to the invention is the high mechanical and chemical stability to acids, alkalis, solvents, weathering and temperatures of up to -273 and up to +1.450 ° C.
  • the application of such a sealing layer can therefore be done advantageously both in new construction and in the renovation of wall, floor and / or ceiling / roofs.
  • a sealing layer according to the invention in the mixture in the process according to the invention a latent hydraulic binder, preferably in stoichiometric amount to the water glass, is added, a silicate Binder matrix comprises, wherein the latent-hydraulic binder is activated with the inorganic binder alkaline, and the sealing layer is cured from the mixture.
  • the silicate binder matrix is a Si0 2 matrix.
  • the latent-hydraulic binder as filler of the mixture in the process according to the invention in stoichiometric amount in relation to the water glass and in particular the reactive groups of the latent hydraulic binder, in such a case, the stoichiometry for targeted control of a CSH phase , eg C 2 S 3 H 5 , used.
  • a CSH phase eg C 2 S 3 H 5
  • Alkali-silicate mortar an amorphous silicate gel (Si0 2 x nH 2 0) in the hardened matrix of the binder.
  • These alkali silicates also known as hydrogels, are resistant to all inorganic and organic acids, with the exception of hydrofluoric acid, in contrast to cement-bound building materials.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a step of determining the reactive groups of the latent hydraulic binder, which are suitable for alkaline activation of the latent hydraulic binder with the water glass, and more preferably incorporating into the mixture of an amount of latent hydraulic binder with a Number of reactive groups sufficient to advantageously prevent formation of CA (OH) 2 .
  • the defined CSH phase is selected according to the desired properties and added stoichiometrically to the missing reaction partners.
  • a resulting Si0 2 matrix of the sealing layer then comprises, for example, the water glass used and latent hydraulic binders.
  • the silicate binder matrix is a calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) matrix.
  • Such a calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) matrix may be, for example, a cementitious or latent-hydraulic binder matrix in which the formation of Ca (OH) 2 is likewise ensured by the use of the latent-hydraulic binder as filler of the mixture in the process according to the invention stoichiometric amount in relation to the water glass and in particular the reactive groups of the latent hydraulic binder is added.
  • the CSH optimized systems by means of optimizing the constituents with regard to their chemical reactivity in the most exact stoichiometry, ie the exact molar ratio, the latent-hydraulic binder is added to the mixture according to the invention, so that the optimum possible calcium silicate hydrate formed becomes.
  • an undesirable Ca (OH) 2 exclusion is particularly advantageously avoided by the selected stoichiometry.
  • Such embodiments of the inventive method or the sealing layer according to the present invention, in which a latent hydraulic binder is added show the advantage that by activating the latent hydraulic binding properties of the latent hydraulic binder, such as granulated or fly ash, through the Mixture with water glass, when using reaction amounts according to the available, latent-hydraulic reactivity according to the exact stoichiometry of the desired calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) missing individual components (essentially silicate in the form of water glass) can be dosed.
  • the latent hydraulic binder such as granulated or fly ash
  • the inventive method produces from the preferably aqueous binder solution quasi CSH single crystals, the dense and especially three-dimensional network, stress-free, inorganic and only cure with minimal shrinkage.
  • the thus formed, binder matrix structures in the sealing layer and / or method according to the invention are highly resistant to moisture, acids, bases, solvents and abrasion and weathering.
  • the water glass in addition, an excellent adhesion to the substrate or an excellent embedding of possibly admixed aggregates or fillers can be achieved.
  • this inorganic ceramic is suspended on a flexible, organic element and thus gets a crack-bridging effect.
  • static or "static” cracks are due to immovable Crackers characterized and often arise due to inherent, construction-related material constraints. If the forces that are caused by the internal material constraints exceed the tensile strength of the building material, cracks in the material occur, which usually lead to a relaxation or to a reduction of the internal material constraints.
  • dynamic cracks are characterized by moving crack edges, ie the cracks are subject to a variation of the crack width.
  • Dynamic cracks often arise from external influences, such as thermal stress or physical stress (eg used or committed areas). These cracks can continue to grow and expand. Both types of crack are sealed differently, closed and / or bridged. Static cracks can usually be closed "force-locked" (eg by crack injection, ie filling of the crack), ie the cracks do not have to be decoupled before the crack closure, whereas dynamic cracks should be closed in a stretchable way, ie these cracks must occur or decoupling when the crack is closed, in order to avoid creating additional material tensions in the machined material and to prevent or prevent the formation of further cracks, in the case of static cracks which still have internal material constraints and stresses in the material however, decoupling of the crack or cracks may also be necessary. In a further preferred embodiment, the present method is applied when one or more cracks undergo a variation in crack width, in which case decoupling of the crack becomes necessary but also for di e sealing static cracks necessary.
  • a seal of the crack or a crack bridging and / or decoupling takes place through the use of decoupling strips.
  • the crack or cracks after the optional application of the invention provided with a decoupling strip then further concrete and / or mortar is applied and the resulting surface refined again with the mixture according to the invention.
  • Decoupling strips do not adhere or only on one side, preferably on the material and preferably consist of organic tapes, bitumen, glass foam, corrugated cardboard, metals such as aluminum or other materials.
  • the material is provided before the application of the mixture partially or completely with a foam plate or a foam glass plate to decouple the crack.
  • the crack or cracks after the optional application of the mixture according to the invention with a foam plate or a foam glass plate is provided, then further concrete and / or mortar is applied and the resulting surface refined with the mixture of the invention.
  • the material is provided partially or completely before the application of the mixture according to the invention with one or more fabric mats, fiber mats, non-woven mats with good crack bridging for the distribution of forces in the following material to decouple the crack or cracks ,
  • the crack or cracks after the optional application of the mixture according to the invention with one or more fabric mats, fiber mats, non-woven mats provided, then further concrete and / or mortar is applied and the resulting surface refined with the mixture of the invention
  • the fiber mat comprises a carbon fiber fabric.
  • one or more of the abovementioned measures selected from the application of a decoupling strip, a foam plate or a foam glass plate and / or a fabric mat, fiber mat and / or non-woven mat, are combined with one another.
  • the sealed material is additionally coated with a honeycomb material (honeycomb structure, honeycomb structure), for example a corrugated cardboard, impregnated with the mixture according to the invention applied sealed material.
  • a honeycomb material honeycomb structure, honeycomb structure
  • the honeycomb-like material is again provided with a layer of mortar and refined again with the mixture according to the invention. This creates a working cavity between the sealed material and the mortar layer, which can serve to decouple the material or a crack or more cracks.
  • the decoupling from the substrate can be achieved by inserting separating strips, e.g. Polymeric webs, the primer with flexible primers e.g. Polymer coatings, flexible sealant slurries, polymer modification with liquid or solid polymeric materials, e.g. Acrylic dispersions, polyurethanes, rubber or other plastics, the installation of glass foam panels or foam concrete or the blowing or mixing of air (foam) into the sealing layer.
  • separating strips e.g. Polymeric webs
  • the primer with flexible primers e.g. Polymer coatings, flexible sealant slurries, polymer modification with liquid or solid polymeric materials, e.g. Acrylic dispersions, polyurethanes, rubber or other plastics, the installation of glass foam panels or foam concrete or the blowing or mixing of air (foam) into the sealing layer.
  • polymeric primers such as e.g. Epoxy resin primer can be used with quartz sand scattering, in particular to produce an adhesive bond to polymeric substrates.
  • Such polymeric primers are preferably sprinkled with quartz sand or the like to improve the bond with the subsequent mineral system.
  • the method according to the invention for refining a material comprises in one embodiment, preferably in step b), the application of the mixture to a material, a step of the composite structure.
  • a typical connection structure can, for example, be designed as follows:
  • a primer to the material, in particular in the form of a low-viscosity priming resin, preferably based on PMMA (fast drying, tolerates residual moisture in the substrate, removes dust with excellent substrate wetting, high chemical resistance); optional spreading of the surface, eg directly with quartz sand.
  • the scattering can be done wholly or partially, and / or a step of further construction for decoupling.
  • the step of the further construction for decoupling may include, for example:
  • a highly elastic intermediate layer eg based on PMMA.
  • Such an elastic layer preferably has a thickness of at least 2 mm.
  • the highly elastic intermediate layer in combination with a Glasmaschinef lake, for example, with a 300g / m 2 Glasmaschinef dock applied to the material.
  • the method according to the invention can additionally comprise a step of overcoating, for example with flexible grout, preferably based on PMMA with quartz sand scattering for optimum adhesion for the following silicate coating.
  • the resulting layer is applied from the flexible grout having a thickness of at least 3 mm.
  • an underground consolidation by impregnation with water glass can take place, whereby at the same time a solidification of immature substrates can be achieved.
  • adhesion is preferably achieved by suitable materials (for example silica sand scattering) or bonded directly to purely silicate systems.
  • perforated plates made of metal or wood can also be built into the ground, in order, for. Non-positively connecting cracks or serving as peel gauges to meet very precise height specifications (e.g., for high bay warehouse floors).
  • the silicate mortars may also be used for bonding metal perforated plates, in order to seal them e.g. to be used as a connector for wooden constructions.
  • the silicate mortars of the invention can be made flexible, e.g. by adding acrylate dispersions.
  • connection plates can then also be connected to wooden intermediate plates to absorb the movement from the ground, for example in dynamic cracks.
  • the silicate coupling then takes place via another set of connecting plates, so that a sandwich construction is created (eg concrete, steel connecting plates, wooden intermediate plate, steel connecting plates, silicate sealing layer).
  • the sealing layer has an impregnation.
  • Subsequent protection can be achieved by the application of water-glass impregnations with subsequent scratch filling with pure silicate fillers (cement-free).
  • the cheaper CSH optimized material can be used in a larger layer thickness for reprofiling and static load capacity and the highly resistant, expensive silicate material can be used as a thin-layer surface protection system with maximum chemical resistance.
  • a polymer-based impregnation with additional hydrophobization or oleophobization can be applied as a protection against soiling.
  • the particular material used creates a flexibility of the finishing layer on the material. This flexibility makes it possible to decouple the forces acting on the material or the crack or cracks in the material, and possibly on layers applied thereto, by increasing the distance or surface on which these forces act. As a result, forces acting on a point are distributed over a larger distance or area and thus minimized, since the dynamic crack energy of a working crack is absorbed by the overlying material. In addition, with dynamic cracks a
  • the inventive method and the sealing layer according to the invention in particular offers advantages in refining of materials and offers a high density and durability of the material with excellent environmental performance.
  • an undesired penetration of liquid protected surfaces, in particular mineral or metallic materials can be achieved particularly advantageous.
  • the sealing layer according to the invention can be used in particular as anticorrosive coating, sealing slurries, WHG sealing layers, reprofiling layers, in hydraulic structures, wastewater structures, chemical, pharmaceutical or Pertochemischen industrial structures, hospitals, kindergartens, in the food industry, agriculture or all acidic precast concrete or Moldings such as concrete sewage pipes, slot channels, manhole rings.
  • the method according to the invention or the sealing layer can be used for crack filling of concrete, in particular in concrete tanks for tank farms.
  • the concrete matrix often shows crack formation, eg due to drying (static cracks) or thermal stress (dynamic cracks, high temperature, eg in the storage tanks, to changing temperatures of the concrete tank).
  • such concrete sealing layers must not show any cracks, which is why refinement with the present method of remediation is particularly suitable.
  • the crack filling in cracked concrete substrates is an important application of the present invention, which can be perfectly realized with the materials of the invention.
  • the penetrating into the concrete substrate water glass can produce excellent adhesion to the concrete substrate.
  • the crack repair can also be carried out conventionally by crack compression before the actual coating with the mixtures according to the invention.
  • dense and highly chemical-resistant sealing layers can also be achieved by means of fiber-reinforced coating with the mixture according to the invention, in accordance with the Water Resources Act and hygiene ordinances.
  • An additional decoupling from the ground can also improve the crack widths, which can be compensated as much as possible.
  • high-temperature corrosion protection especially in heavy industry (coking plant, iron and steel production), power plants, waste incineration As well as in the metal-producing or processing industry, the mixture according to the invention or sealing layer offers advantages.
  • the sealing layer according to the invention crystallizes stress-free on the surface of the material, and is characterized by a relatively high voltage freedom and thermal shock stability, preferably up to 1 .400 ° C, corresponding to the melting point of the blast furnace sand, from.
  • a special aspect is the eluate-proof encapsulation of liquid, metallic, inorganic or even organic materials for use, storage disposal or transport.
  • radiation-absorbing materials for example lead granulate, metal granules, Barithsand, etc.
  • a three-dimensionally crosslinked matrix is particularly preferably produced by the process according to the invention, which is pressure-water-tight and highly resistant to temperature and chemical attack (room temperature curing ceramics) and is therefore safely included in the eluate.
  • the result is a liquid that can be easily applied to concrete substrates and penetrates deep into the concrete matrix.
  • cracks can be sealed up to a crack width of 0.3 mm. It creates a glassy surface after drying.
  • the compressive strength of the concrete is measured after 7 days of drying with a Schmidt hammer and increases from 40 N / m 2 to 48 N / mm 2 after impregnation (mean values from 32 individual measurements).
  • Example 1 50 g of the liquid from Example 1 is mixed with 50 g of finely ground blastfurnace slag powder and mixed to give a slurry. This mixture is painted as a scratch coat on cracked concrete, which was previously impregnated with 200g / m 2 of the liquid of Example 1 (wet on wet) and dried for 7 days. Before and after the scratch filling, the water absorption is determined using a Karsten test tube. Before the treatment, the water absorption is not measurable, since the water immediately escapes through the crack. After the treatment, the water absorption is less than 0.1 ml per minute and cm 2 .
  • the features of the present invention disclosed in the foregoing description and claims may be essential both individually and in any combination for practicing the invention in its various embodiments.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'affinement de matériaux. Ce procédé convient non seulement pour affiner des matériaux fissurés mais encore pour assurer une étanchéité fiable de matériaux comme le béton, l'acier ou le bois, à condition que les matériaux aient au moins une fissure. Selon l'invention, par conséquent, sous le terme affinement, on comprend le simple affinement de matériaux sans fissure mais également l'affinement, alors appelé étanchéité, de matériaux ayant au moins une fissure. Le procédé de cette invention permet d'assurer une étanchéité fiable de matériaux respectueuse de l'environnement et sert à augmenter la résistance des matériaux vis-à-vis des influences environnementales, comme par exemple la contrainte thermique, la contrainte mécanique, les attaques chimiques, l'entrée d'eau, la corrosion et le dessèchement. De plus, le procédé permet d'assurer une étanchéité fiable de matériaux qui présentent des fissures, afin de garantir la résistance des matériaux vis-à-vis de telles influences de l'environnement en dépit de la fissuration.
EP15737998.3A 2014-06-23 2015-06-23 Procédé et couche d'étanchéité pour l'affinement de matériaux Withdrawn EP3157888A1 (fr)

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DE102014108761.5A DE102014108761A1 (de) 2014-06-23 2014-06-23 Verfahren zum Veredeln von Werkstoffen
PCT/EP2015/064120 WO2015197620A1 (fr) 2014-06-23 2015-06-23 Procédé et couche d'étanchéité pour l'affinement de matériaux

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DE3431143A1 (de) 1984-08-24 1986-03-06 Heidelberger Zement Ag, 6900 Heidelberg Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von platten aus faserbeton
DE59900151D1 (de) * 1999-09-02 2001-08-09 Heidelberger Bauchemie Gmbh Ma Baustoffmischung
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