EP3157033B1 - Trennkammer für ein elektrisches sicherungsgerät, und diese umfassendes elektrisches sicherungsgerät - Google Patents

Trennkammer für ein elektrisches sicherungsgerät, und diese umfassendes elektrisches sicherungsgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3157033B1
EP3157033B1 EP16187245.2A EP16187245A EP3157033B1 EP 3157033 B1 EP3157033 B1 EP 3157033B1 EP 16187245 A EP16187245 A EP 16187245A EP 3157033 B1 EP3157033 B1 EP 3157033B1
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Prior art keywords
arc
value
ctpb
branch
resistance
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EP16187245.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3157033A1 (de
Inventor
Eric Domejean
Michel Rapeaux
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/42—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances
    • H01H2033/163—Variable impedances using PTC elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a switching chamber of an electrical protection apparatus comprising an arc forming chamber containing a fixed contact and a movable contact, said contacts being located on a branch of the electrical circuit known as the main branch which contacts, at the moment their separation, form an arc between them, said arc forming chamber communicating with the input of a second so-called arc extinction chamber, this movable contact extending so as to draw an arc between the contacts during their separation, this arc being able to switch in a branch of electrical circuit called switching branch, said switching branch being located in the arc extinguishing chamber, after a certain opening distance between the two contacts, said interrupting chamber further comprising means capable of limiting the current in said switching branch, said means comprising a so-called current limiting element whose resistance is able to increase under the effect of the current so as to increase the impedance in the switching branch.
  • the arc is placed between the fixed contact and the moving contact, and an arc voltage is established between the contacts, this voltage depending on the distance opening of contacts.
  • the bow switches when the opening of the contacts is sufficient in a so-called switching branch in which the current is limited.
  • Solutions are known to improve the breaking performance of these devices by improving the current limitation in the event of a short circuit.
  • the patent is known DE19810981 , which describes a solution consisting in placing in the switching branch a metal-type PTC, and therefore low resistive jump and thus allowing only a small limitation of the short-circuit current.
  • This low resistive CTP jump ensures a lack of reclamping, that is to say return of the arc to the contacts because the resistance of the PTC after switching is low.
  • the known patents describe devices comprising either a PTC in the main line or a PTC in the switching line.
  • the document DE4243314 also describes such a breaking chamber.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes a break chamber of simple design for increasing the limitation of the current in an electrical protection apparatus, and an electrical protection apparatus comprising such a chamber thereby having cut-off performance. improved.
  • the subject of the present invention is a breaking chamber of an electrical protection apparatus of the kind mentioned above, this chamber comprising a first element current limiter placed in the so-called main branch in series with and downstream of the movable contact and a second current limiting element placed in the so-called switching branch in series with the fixed contact, the first element being able to accelerate the switching of the arc and to prohibit the return of the arc to the contacts, or reclapping, once the switching made and the second element to increase the pole voltage when the arc is in the arc extinguishing chamber of to achieve a limitation of the short circuit current.
  • At least one of the aforementioned elements is a so-called PTC element with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the first and second aforementioned elements are respectively a first and a second component or a first and a second PTC thermistor with a positive temperature coefficient.
  • the value of the resistance at a temperature of substantially + 40 ° C. of the first CTP element (CTPa) is adjusted so as to be substantially equal to 1.8 m '. to limit the power of the circuit breaker to a value of 3 Watts maximum.
  • the resistive jump of the first PTC element is at least 20, so as to accelerate the switching of the arc and prohibit the reclips after switching the arc.
  • the value of the resistance at a temperature of substantially 40 ° of the second PTC element is set such that the resistance of the switching branch is always lower than that of the main branch in order to guarantee the absence of reclosure.
  • the resistive jump value of the second PTC element is set so as not to cause reclosing once the second PTC element has passed through.
  • the hot resistive value, or transit CTP value, of the second CTP element is less than the resistive value of the main line, which resistive value is mainly defined by the hot resistive value of the first CTP.
  • this breaking chamber comprises, associated with at least one of the two PTC elements, an additional resistor or a shunt, connected in parallel with the PTC element (s), whose value of resistance is chosen to adjust the value of the resistive jump.
  • this interrupting chamber comprises a shunt connected in parallel with the second PTC element, this shunt having a resistance whose value is less than the minimum of 10% to the value of the first transited PTC element.
  • the energy required for the transition of the second PTC element is adjusted so as to allow a transition of the second PTC element, for a short-circuit current of 25 kA, in a time of less than 500 ⁇ s, so as to reduce the cutoff energy.
  • this time is between 200 ⁇ s and 300 ⁇ s.
  • the present invention also relates to an electrical protection apparatus comprising a breaking chamber, said chamber having the aforementioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • this apparatus is a low-voltage circuit breaker.
  • this circuit breaker comprises the upstream and downstream clamping terminals, a magnetic trip coil, the electrical contacts, and the thermal trip bimetal, all of these elements being electrically connected and constituting the aforementioned main circuit.
  • this device is a miniature circuit breaker having a rating of 16 A, and the value of the resistance at a temperature of substantially 40 ° C of the first current limiting element does not exceed 1.8m in order to limit the total dissipated power of the circuit breaker to a value of 3W.
  • this device is a miniature circuit breaker having a rating of 16A, and the value of the resistance at a temperature of substantially 40 ° C of the second current limiting element, is less than 3 m to ensure the absence of low current reclamping.
  • a breaking chamber C belonging to a miniature low-voltage circuit breaker.
  • This circuit breaker comprises, in a manner known per se, a so-called main current circuit 1 comprising two electrical connection terminals 2, 3, a magnetic release 4, a fixed contact 5, a movable contact 6 and a thermal actuator 7, not shown. These two triggers 4.7 are intended to cause the opening of the fixed and mobile contacts when a short circuit occurs in the main circuit 1.
  • the circuit breaker comprises an arc forming chamber F comprising the fixed and movable contacts 5 and a so-called arc extinction chamber E comprising a stack of plates 9 called separators adapted to ensure the cooling of the electric arc after the switching of this arc in a so-called switching electrical circuit branch 8.
  • the switching circuit starts from the fixed contact 5, passes through the chamber of arc extinction E substantially perpendicular to said plates 9 and joined the movable contact 6 at a junction point P electrically connected to the upstream connection terminal 2 of the circuit breaker.
  • the main circuit 1 of the circuit breaker comprises, located upstream of the moving contact, a so-called first resistance CTP (CTPa), and in the switching circuit, after the stacking of separation plates 9, a so-called CTP resistor. second (CTPb).
  • the first limiting resistor CTPa is inserted into the nominal (permanent) current branch 1.
  • this first resistance CTPa advantageously has a low resistance at an ambient temperature, that is to say at a temperature of between -25 ° C and + 70 ° C.
  • the first CTPa resistor at 40 ° C does not exceed the value of 1.8m in order to limit the total dissipated power of the circuit breaker to a value of 3 W.
  • bimetallic series with the first PTC resistor it is necessary that the drift in time of the first PTC resistor is limited.
  • This first resistance CTPa will be designed to have both low values of resistance and drift while offering a sufficiently high resistive jump to accelerate the switching of the arc and prohibit rebatting after switching the arc.
  • the resistive transition characterizes the transition from a conductive state to a semi-insulating state.
  • the resistive jump measures this transition, and is generally expressed by the ratio Rmax / R (0) without unit (see table in the following).
  • this resistive jump is at least 20, this value can not be reached with a CTP of metallic nature.
  • the second limiting resistor CTP participates in limiting the current and the energy by increasing the impedance in series with the arc.
  • the value of the resistance at ambient temperature of this second resistor CTPb is set so that the resistance of the switching branch 8 is always lower than that of the main branch 1 in order to guarantee the absence of reclosure, in particular for the weak currents of short circuit, currents whose value is insufficient to ensure the transition of the first limiting resistor CTPa.
  • the second cold CTPb resistor does not advantageously exceed the value of 3m .
  • the resistance of the main branch 1 comprising the bimetallic strip is greater than the resistance of the switching branch 8.
  • the resistive jump of the second limiting resistor CTPb is also set so as not to cause reclosure once the second CTPb resistor has passed through.
  • the hot resistive value (transient CTP value) of CTPb is advantageously less than the resistive value of the main line 1, which is mainly defined by the hot resistive value of CTPa.
  • the use of a shunt in parallel also increases the ability of CTPb to withstand thermal stress.
  • the CTPb component is sized to withstand a quantity of energy much higher than CTPa.
  • the Etransition energy required for the CTPb transition is adjusted so as to allow a resistive transition as soon as possible after the switching of the current, for example for a short-circuit current of 25kA in a time of less than 500 ⁇ s maximum, preferably between 200 ⁇ s and 300 ⁇ s, and thus further increase the limitation of the cutoff energy.
  • This curve comprises a first part a corresponding to the transition of the PTC resistor, phase during which the arc voltage increases slowly until the moment of switching of the arc, corresponding to a second phase b, second phase during which the Arc voltage increases abruptly to a maximum voltage, after which the voltage decreases slowly during a third phase c corresponding to the decrease of the short-circuit current.
  • the role of the first resistor is limited to the phase a located before switching the arc.
  • the figure 4 corresponds to the case where the circuit-breaker has only a limiting resistor in the switching circuit for a short-circuit current of 25 kA.
  • This curve comprises a first part d during which the arc voltage increases slowly, then a second part e in which the arc voltage increases very rapidly, phase corresponding to the switching of the arc, then a third part f during which the voltage decreases slowly, a fourth portion g during which the voltage rises sharply, this portion corresponding to the transition of the limiting resistor in the switching circuit to achieve the limitation of the current, after which the pole voltage decreases slowly in a last part h until the extinction of the arc. It can be seen in this figure that, in order to overcome potential rebounds, the transition of the resistor is delayed and the resistive jump is limited.
  • the figure 5 illustrates a curve representing the pole voltage as a function of time for an apparatus according to the invention comprising the two CTPa and CTPb resistors for a short circuit current of 25 kA.
  • the resistive transition j of the second resistance CTPb can be very fast and high. Indeed, it can be seen that this transition arrives very shortly after the switching of the current k and that it is very close to the resistive transition i of the first resistance CTPa, as is also shown by FIG. figure 6 respectively showing the values of the resistances R (ohms) of the two resistances CTPa and CTPb as a function of time t (s) in seconds.
  • resistive jump is expressed by the value Rmax / R (0) in the table above.
  • the invention is advantageously applied to any electrical protection device comprising a breaking chamber and in particular a DC circuit breaker or a high-voltage AC circuit breaker, for example for a 690V installation.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Löschkammer (C) für ein elektrisches Sicherungsgerät, die eine Lichtbogenbildungskammer (F) aufweist, die einen festen Kontakt (5) und einen beweglichen Kontakt (6) enthält, wobei die Kontakte (5, 6) auf einem Zweig des Stromkreises, der Hauptzweig (1) genannt wird, angeordnet sind, wobei sich zwischen den Kontakten (5, 6) bei ihrer Trennung ein Lichtbogen bildet, wobei die Lichtbogenbildungskammer (F) mit dem Eingang einer zweiten sogenannten Lichtbogenlöschungskammer (E) in Verbindung steht, wobei sich dieser bewegliche Kontakt (6) derart erstreckt, um zwischen den Kontakten (5, 6) bei ihrer Trennung einen Lichtbogen zu ziehen, wobei dieser Lichtbogen geeignet ist, in einen Zweig des Stromkreises, der Schaltungszweig (8) genannt wird, umzuschalten, wobei der Schaltungszweig (8) in der Lichtbogenlöschungskammer (E) nach einem bestimmten Öffnungsabstand zwischen den zwei Kontakten (5, 6) angeordnet ist, wobei die Löschkammer (C) ferner Mittel (CTPa, CTPb) aufweist, die geeignet sind, den Strom in dem Schaltungszweig (8) zu begrenzen, wobei diese Mittel (CTPa, CTPb) ein Strombegrenzungselement aufweisen, dessen Widerstand geeignet ist, sich unter der Wirkung des Stroms derart zu erhöhen, um die Impedanz in dem Schaltungszweig (8) zu erhöhen, wobei die Löschkammer (C) ein zweites Strombegrenzungselement (CTPb) aufweist, das in dem Schaltungszweig (8) in Reihe mit dem festen Kontakt (5) angeordnet ist und ermöglicht, die Polspannung zu erhöhen, wenn sich der Lichtbogen in der Lichtbogenlöschungskammer (E) befindet, derart, um eine Begrenzung des Kurzschlussstroms herzustellen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein erstes Strombegrenzungselement (CTPa) aufweist, das in dem Hauptzweig (1) in Reihe mit und nachgelagert nach dem beweglichen Kontakt (6) angeordnet ist, wobei das erste Element geeignet ist, das Umschalten des Lichtbogens zu beschleunigen und die Reaktivierung oder das Wiederdurchschlagen des Lichtbogens zu den Kontakten (5, 6) nach dem Umschalten zu verhindern.
  2. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eines der vorgenannten Elemente (CTPa, CTPb) ein PTC-Element mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten ist.
  3. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und zweite vorgenannte Element (CTPa), (CTPb) jeweils eine erste und eine zweite Komponente oder ein erster und ein zweiter PTC-Thermistor mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten ist.
  4. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des Widerstands des ersten Elements (CTPa) bei einer Temperatur, die im Wesentlichen gleich +40°C ist, maximal 1,8m Ω beträgt, um die Leistung des Schutzschalters auf einen Wert von 3 Watt zu beschränken.
  5. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des Widerstandssprungs Rmax/R(0) des ersten PTC-Elements (CTPa) mindestens 20 beträgt, derart, um das Umschalten des Lichtbogens zu beschleunigen und das Wiederdurchschlagen nach dem Umschalten des Lichtbogens zu verhindern.
  6. Löschkammer (C) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des Widerstands des zweiten PTC-Elements (CTPb) bei einer Temperatur, die im Wesentlichen gleich 40°C ist, derart eingestellt ist, dass der Widerstand des Schaltungszweigs (8) immer niedriger als jener des Hauptzweigs (1) ist, um zu garantieren, dass es zu keinem Wiederdurchschlagen kommt.
  7. Löschkammer (C) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des Widerstandssprungs des zweiten PTC-Elements (CTPb) derart ist, dass es zu keinem Wiederdurchschlagen kommt, nachdem das zweite PTC-Element übergegangen ist.
  8. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmewiderstandswert oder der Wert des übergegangenen PTC des zweiten PTC-Elements (CTPb) niedriger ist als der Widerstandswert der Hauptleitung (1), wobei der Widerstandswert hauptsächlich durch den Wärmewiderstandswert des ersten PTC (CTPa) definiert ist.
  9. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie verbunden mit mindestens einem der zwei PTC-Elemente (CTPa, CTPb) einen zusätzlichen Widerstand oder einen Shunt aufweist, der parallel zu dem (den) PTC-Element(en) geschaltet ist, dessen Widerstandswert derart ausgewählt ist, um den Wert des Widerstandssprungs einzustellen.
  10. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Shunt aufweist, der parallel zu dem zweiten PTC-Element (CTPb) geschaltet ist, wobei dieser Shunt einen Widerstand aufweist, dessen Wert um mindestens 10 % niedriger als der Wert des ersten übergegangenen PTC-Elements (CTPa) ist.
  11. Löschkammer (C) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energie, die für das Übergehen des zweiten PTC-Elements (CTPb) notwendig ist, derart ist, dass das Übergehen des zweiten Elements (CTPb) für einen Kurzschlussstrom von 25 kA in einer Zeit von weniger als 500 µs derart erfolgt, um die Abschaltenergie zu reduzieren.
  12. Löschkammer (C) nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Zeit zwischen 200 µs und 300 µs beträgt.
  13. Elektrisches Sicherungsgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Löschkammer (C) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
  14. Elektrisches Sicherungsgerät nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Niedrigspannungs-Schutzschalter ist.
  15. Elektrisches Sicherungsgerät nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Schutzschalter die vorgelagerte (2) und nachgelagerte (3) Spannklemme, eine Magnetauslösespule (4), die elektrischen Kontakte (5, 6) und das Bimetall zum thermischen Auslösen (7) aufweist, wobei all diese Elemente elektrisch verbunden sind und den Hauptstromkreis (1) bilden.
  16. Elektrisches Sicherungsgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Miniatur-Schutzschalter ist, der ein Kaliber von 16 A aufweist, und dadurch, dass der Wert des Widerstands des ersten Begrenzungselements (CTPa) bei einer Temperatur, die im Wesentlichen gleich +40 °C ist, 1,8m Ω nicht überschreitet, um die Gesamtverlustleistung des Schutzschalters auf einen Wert von 3 Watt zu beschränken.
  17. Elektrisches Sicherungsgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Miniatur-Schutzschalter ist, der ein Kaliber von 16 A aufweist, und dadurch, dass der Wert des Widerstands des zweiten Begrenzungselements (CTPb) bei einer Temperatur, die im Wesentlichen gleich +40 °C ist, niedriger als 3 mΩ ist.
EP16187245.2A 2015-10-16 2016-09-05 Trennkammer für ein elektrisches sicherungsgerät, und diese umfassendes elektrisches sicherungsgerät Active EP3157033B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1559876A FR3042638B1 (fr) 2015-10-16 2015-10-16 Chambre de coupure d'un appareil de protection electrique et appareil de protection electrique comportant une telle chambre

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EP3157033A1 EP3157033A1 (de) 2017-04-19
EP3157033B1 true EP3157033B1 (de) 2018-03-14

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EP16187245.2A Active EP3157033B1 (de) 2015-10-16 2016-09-05 Trennkammer für ein elektrisches sicherungsgerät, und diese umfassendes elektrisches sicherungsgerät

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109216125B (zh) * 2017-07-06 2023-07-25 王静洋 一种高分断无弧断路器
EP3716304A1 (de) * 2019-03-29 2020-09-30 Lisa Dräxlmaier GmbH Elektrischer schalter zum unterbrechen einer elektrischen hochvoltverbindung und verfahren zum unterbrechen einer elektrischen hochvoltverbindung

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4243314C2 (de) * 1992-12-21 1998-08-20 Asea Brown Boveri Strombegrenzender Schalter
US5933311A (en) * 1998-04-02 1999-08-03 Square D Company Circuit breaker including positive temperature coefficient resistivity elements having a reduced tolerance
DE19810981A1 (de) * 1998-03-13 1999-09-16 Abb Research Ltd Schalter mit PTC-Element zur verbesserten Strombegrenzung und Lichtbogenlöschung
DE10118746B4 (de) 2001-04-17 2004-06-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Schaltgerätes mit einem zuschaltbaren Strombegrenzer und zugehörige Anordnung
DE102004059097A1 (de) 2004-12-06 2006-06-08 Siemens Ag Schaltvorrichtung mit temperaturabhängigem Widerstand zum Löschen eines Lichtbogens
KR100654013B1 (ko) * 2005-02-21 2006-12-05 엘에스전선 주식회사 Ｐｔｃ 한류소자를 이용한 순차트립 차단기

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FR3042638B1 (fr) 2017-10-27
EP3157033A1 (de) 2017-04-19
FR3042638A1 (fr) 2017-04-21

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