EP3152793A1 - Kathodenmaterial für lithium-schwefel-zelle - Google Patents

Kathodenmaterial für lithium-schwefel-zelle

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Publication number
EP3152793A1
EP3152793A1 EP15726630.5A EP15726630A EP3152793A1 EP 3152793 A1 EP3152793 A1 EP 3152793A1 EP 15726630 A EP15726630 A EP 15726630A EP 3152793 A1 EP3152793 A1 EP 3152793A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
polymer
lithium
sulfur
ion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15726630.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Fanous
Joerg Thielen
Bernd Schumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102014221737.7A external-priority patent/DE102014221737A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102014221736.9A external-priority patent/DE102014221736A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102014221731.8A external-priority patent/DE102014221731A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3152793A1 publication Critical patent/EP3152793A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815—Sulfides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • H01M4/602—Polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cathode materials for alkali metal-sulfur cells, in particular for lithium-sulfur cells and corresponding cells and batteries.
  • Lithium-ion batteries which are also referred to as lithium-ion batteries are nowadays used in a variety of products as energy storage. In order to produce batteries with a higher energy density, research is being done on the lithium-sulfur battery technology.
  • lithium-sulfur cells contain elemental sulfur and contain, in particular, ether-based electrolyte solvents to ensure the solubility of the sulfur.
  • the present invention relates to a cathode material for an electrochemical cell, for example for an alkali metal cell, for example for a lithium cell and / or sodium cell, in particular for a lithium cell, for example for an alkali metal sulfur cell, for example, for a lithium-sulfur cells and / or sodium-sulfur cells, in particular for a lithium-sulfur cell, which at least one, in particular
  • the ionic conductivity and ionic bonding and thus the ionic contacting of the ion exchanger can advantageously be determined
  • Cathode active material can be improved. This in turn can
  • an increased ion conduction for the ion of the alkali metal in particular an increased lithium ion conduction, can be achieved in the cathode, ie the positive electrode of the cell, which makes it possible to achieve this
  • An alkali metal cell may in particular be understood to mean an electrochemical cell, for example a battery cell or accumulator cell, to whose electrochemical reaction alkali ions, for example lithium ions, for example in the case of a lithium cell, or sodium ions, for example in the case of a sodium cell, are involved ,
  • an alkali metal cell may be a lithium cell and / or a sodium cell.
  • electrochemical cell for example a battery cell or Akkumulatorzelle understood, are involved in the electrochemical reaction alkali ions, for example lithium ions, for example in the case of a lithium cell, or sodium ions, for example in the case of a sodium cell, and sulfur.
  • alkali metal sulfur cell may be a lithium sulfur cell and / or sodium sulfur cell.
  • a polymer electrolyte may, in particular, be understood as meaning an ion-conducting or ion-conducting, for example, lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting polymer.
  • an ion-conducting or ion-conducting, for example, lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, polymer may also be referred to as a polymer electrolyte.
  • a polymer electrolyte When used in a cathode material, a polymer electrolyte may also be referred to as cathode electrolyte or catholyte in particular.
  • the polymer electrolyte may be lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive and / or sodium ion conductive or sodium ion conductive, in particular
  • lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive.
  • An ion-conducting, for example lithium ion-conducting, electrolyte or polymer may, in particular, be understood as meaning an electrolyte or polymer which is intrinsically ion-conducting, for example lithium ion-conducting, and / or has lithium ions.
  • ion-conductive for example, lithium ion conductive, electrolytes
  • or polymer can be understood in particular to be an electrolyte or polymer which itself may be free of the ions to be conducted, for example lithium ions, but is designed to supply the ions to be conducted, for example lithium ions
  • coordinate and / or solvate or coordinate counter ions of the ions to be conducted for example lithium Leitsalzanionen, and for example with the addition of the conductive ions, for example
  • the at least one cathode active material may in particular be sulfur-containing.
  • the at least one cathode active material may comprise a sulfur composite and / or elemental sulfur and / or a
  • sulfur compound for example, contain or be formed therefrom.
  • the at least one cathode active material may comprise or be a sulfur carbon grain.
  • a sulfur-carbon grain posit can, in particular, be understood as meaning a composite which comprises sulfur and carbon.
  • Sulfur-carbon composite sulfur for example covalently and / or ionic, in particular covalent, bound to carbon and / or embedded therein.
  • the (poly) sulfides S x 2 " thus produced during a discharge (reduction) of a cell are better retained in the cathode and thus the sulfur utilization and cycle stability can be improved.
  • Carbon, bound, include.
  • the at least one cathode active material may be a sulfur polymer and / or carbon modification composite.
  • a sulfur polymer and / or carbon modification composite may be a sulfur polymer and / or carbon modification composite.
  • Polymer composite may in particular be understood as a composite which comprises or is formed from sulfur and at least one polymer.
  • a sulfur-carbon modification composite may, in particular, be understood to mean a composite which contains sulfur and a carbon modification, ie elemental carbon or carbon
  • Carbon of zero oxidation number for example carbon nanotubes, and / or carbon hollow spheres and / or graphene and / or graphite and / or carbon black comprises.
  • this can be the at least one
  • the cathode active material may be a sulfur-polymer and / or carbon-modification composite.
  • the at least one cathode active material may comprise a sulfur-polymer composite.
  • the sulfur-polymer composite in particular in addition to sulfur - (at least one, in particular electrically conductive polymer, for example polyacrylonitrile, in particular cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), and / or polypyrrole and / or polythiophene and / or polyphenylene, for example, in particular cyclized, polyacrylonitrile and / or polyparaphenylene include, or be formed from.
  • sulfur for example covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently, may be bound to the, in particular electrically conductive, Polymer bound and / or embedded in its matrix.
  • Cyclized polyacrylonitrile may in particular have a structure of interconnected, in particular fused, rings, in particular six-membered rings, and / or a repeating unit comprising three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, for example, wherein adjacent rings have at least two common carbon atoms.
  • sulfur-polymer composites improved binding and / or finely distributed embedding of the sulfur, as well as improved mechanical properties, can advantageously be achieved compared with sulfur-carbon modification composites, whereby the electrical and / or ionic contacting and sulfur utilization are achieved and thus the energy density can be improved.
  • the at least one cathode active material or the sulfur-polymer composite may comprise or be a polymer having, for example, partially or completely, for example, covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently, bound sulfur.
  • this includes at least one
  • Cathode active material is a polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur.
  • the polymer may be electrically conductive or conductive.
  • the at least one cathode active material may be a polymer, for example based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), in particular cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), and / or polypyrrole and / or polythiophene and / or polyphenylene, in particular based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN), with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, or a
  • Sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite in particular SPAN include
  • the sulfur-polymer Composite a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, such as SPAN be.
  • the polymer may comprise covalently bonded sulfur in the charged state of the cell.
  • alkali metal ions Li +
  • lithium ions and / or sodium ions for example lithium ions and / or sodium ions, in particular lithium ions, in particular ionic
  • the covalent attachment of the sulfur to the polymer in particular at least partially dissolved.
  • the polymer is bound with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur by sulfidization of a polymer, for example of polyacrylonitrile and / or polypyrrole and / or polythiophene and / or polyphenylene, in particular of polyacrylonitrile.
  • Sulfidation may in particular be a chemical reaction of a sulfur-containing compound, for example elemental sulfur and / or a sulfur-containing compound
  • the polymer may comprise or be with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur-sulfidized, cyclized and, for example, dehydrogenated polyacrylonitrile, for example SPAN.
  • Sulfidized, cyclized and, for example, dehydrogenated polyacrylonitrile, for example SPAN may in particular be a structure of interconnected, in particular fused, rings, in particular six-membered rings, and / or a repeating unit comprising three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, for example wherein adjacent rings have at least two common carbon atoms have.
  • this includes at least one
  • Cathode active material polyacrylonitrile having, for example partially or completely, in particular completely, for example covalently and / or ionically,
  • the sulfur-polymer composite may in particular be a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, for example SPAN.
  • SPAN in particular a polyacrylonitrile (PAN), in particular cyclized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN), based composite or polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur are understood, in particular which is obtainable by a thermal reaction and / or chemical reaction of polyacrylonitrile in the presence of sulfur.
  • nitrile groups can thereby react to form a polymer, in particular with a conjugated ⁇ system, in which the nitrile groups are converted to nitrogen-containing rings, in particular six-membered rings, in particular with covalently bonded sulfur, which are attached to one another.
  • SPAN can be prepared by heating polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with an excess of elemental sulfur, especially at a temperature of> 300 ° C, for example, about> 300 ° C to ⁇ 600 ° C.
  • the sulfur in particular on the one hand the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) cyclize and on the other - for example, forming a covalent SC bond - finely distributed in the cyclized matrix are bound, for example, where a cyclized polyacrylonitrile Structure with covalent sulfur chains, is formed.
  • SPAN is described in Chem. Mater., 201 1, 23, 5024 and J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22, 23240, J. Electrochem. Soc, 2013, 160 (8) A1 170, and described in document WO 2013/182360 A1.
  • the at least one cathode active material may comprise a sulfur-carbon modification composite which comprises (in particular besides sulfur) (at least) one carbon modification, for example carbon tubes, for example carbon nanotubes, and / or hollow carbon spheres and / or graphene and / or graphite and / or carbon black, for example in the form of carbon particles and / or carbon fibers, comprises or is formed therefrom.
  • sulfur in the matrix of the carbon modification, for example in the
  • Carbon tubes and / or carbon hollow balls embedded are advantageously - for example, compared with simple mixtures - improved, electrical and / or ionic contact and
  • Carbon modification surface-modified in particular with a polysulfide affine compound, for example with titanium carbide and / or polyethylene glycol and / or polyethylene oxide and / or a later-explained polymer electrolyte, be.
  • a polysulfide affine compound for example with titanium carbide and / or polyethylene glycol and / or polyethylene oxide and / or a later-explained polymer electrolyte
  • the at least one cathode active material may comprise a sulfur-metal compound composite which, in particular in addition to sulfur, contains at least one, in particular electrically conductive,
  • Metal compound for example at least one, in particular electrically conductive, metal oxide, for example an oxide of tin and / or indium and / or tantalum and / or niobium, for example tin-doped indium oxide and / or with tantalum, niobium and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide, and / or at least one,
  • metal oxide for example an oxide of tin and / or indium and / or tantalum and / or niobium, for example tin-doped indium oxide and / or with tantalum, niobium and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide, and / or at least one,
  • metal carbide for example titanium carbide, for example in the form of wires and / or fibers and / or a network, comprises or is formed therefrom.
  • sulfur can be embedded in the matrix of the metal compound, for example in and / or between fibers and / or wires and / or the network.
  • the at least one cathode active material in particular in the charged state, comprise at least one metal sulfide, in particular transition metal sulfide.
  • a sulfide may, for example, be understood to mean a chemical compound which comprises negatively charged sulfur, in particular at least one sulfide anion (S 2 " ) and / or disulfide anion (S 2 2" ) and / or polysulfide anion.
  • the at least one metal sulfide in particular electrochemically active sulfur, in particular which is electrochemically active in the context of the electrochemical reaction of the cell for which the cathode material is designed, for example at least one disulfide anion (S 2 2 " ) and / or at least one polysulfide anion and / or an excess of stoichiometric sulfur, for example sulfur and / or unbound sulfur and / or uncharged sulfur and / or sulfur of zero oxidation number not directly linked to metal,
  • included in its crystal structure sulfur include. In a further embodiment, this is at least one
  • Cathode active material for example, the sulfur-carbon composite, for example, the sulfur-polymer composite, in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded sulfur, with the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor and / or, for example molecular level, mixed.
  • the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur can interact with the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or be mixed, for example at the molecular level.
  • the at least one cathode active material for example the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor uniformly distributed. So can
  • a penetration or mixing of the, formed by the sulfur-containing polymer, electrochemical phase and, formed by the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or at least one inorganic ion conductor, ion-conducting phase which, for example, only participate in the electrochemical reaction alkali ions, in particular lithium ions, conducts and thus further improves the ionic bonding of the electrochemically active phase.
  • a mixture at the molecular level or a molecular mixture can be understood in particular that one or a few polymer strands of the at least one polymer electrolyte between
  • Polymer strands of the polymer are arranged with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur (see FIGS. 1 a to 1 c).
  • the number of polymer strands of the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur can be greater than or equal to the number of polymer strands 2: 1, for example in a ratio of 2: 1 to 3: 1, stand.
  • the cathode material comprises particles which contain the at least one cathode active material and the at least one a polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor, in particular lithium ion conductor, comprise, in particular contain or are formed therefrom.
  • the cathode material may comprise particles which comprise, in particular contain or are formed from the sulfur-carbon composite, for example sulfur-polymer composite, and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ionic conductor, in particular lithium-ionic conductor.
  • the cathode material may comprise particles which comprise, in particular contain or are formed from the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example SPAN, and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor, in particular lithium ion conductor.
  • the at least one cathode active material for example the sulfur-carbon composite, in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, with at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ionic conductor penetrates and / or mixed, for example at the molecular level.
  • Cathode active material for example, the sulfur-carbon composite, for example, the sulfur-polymer composite, especially the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded sulfur and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor uniformly distributed. Since the particles themselves are ion-conducting, the ionic conduction can advantageously be carried out directly from particle to particle. Thus, advantageously, the ionic contacting of the at least one
  • Cathode active material can be improved.
  • the amount of polymer electrolyte serving as a cathode material binder can be considerably reduced or even reduced to serve as a cathode material binder
  • Polymer electrolytes are dispensed with.
  • the particles are directly connected to each other, for example, pressed, and / or that is Cathode material free of serving as a cathode material binder
  • the particles are incorporated in at least one polymer electrolyte serving as cathode material binder and / or inorganic ion conductor, in particular lithium ion conductor.
  • Cathodic polymer binder and / or ionic conductor may be the same or different.
  • Cathode active material for example the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor, for example at the molecular level, ion-conductive or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, channels and / or ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, planes.
  • ion-conductive or ion-conducting in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, channels and / or ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, planes.
  • Lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conducting, channels and / or planes, for example within the particles, may advantageously be the ionic
  • Polymer electrolytes are significantly reduced.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, channels and / or planes can, for example, have an extent of at least a few nanometers, in particular of at least some 100 nanometers. Such extensions can be achieved by simple polymers, for example homopolymers, for example
  • Polyethylene oxides, or by co-polymers, for example, block co-polymers can be achieved.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, channels and / or planes may in particular occur between the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor and / or between polymer sections of the polymer, especially covalently bound sulfur.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting in particular lithium-ion-conducting or extend
  • the ionic bonding of the cathode active material can be further improved and, for example, a high-current ion conduction can be achieved.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, channels and / or planes can be the sulfides bound to the polymer, in particular covalently bound sulfur and / or sulfides thereof, in particular during discharge, for example polysulfides (S x 2 " ) and / or disulfides (S 2 2 " ) and / or monosulfides (S 2" ), and / or alkali metal ions, for example lithium ions and / or sodium ions, in particular lithium ions, and / or anions, in particular of the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic Lonenleiters and / or
  • At least one conductive salt include, for example, contain and / or absorb.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting in particular lithium-ion-conducting or extend
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting in particular lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, channels and / or planes in a zone at a phase boundary between the polymer with, in particular covalent, bound sulfur and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor, and / or be formed in a zone between polymer sections of the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, channels and / or planes are polar regions of the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, in particular by the, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur to the polymer, and polar regions the at least one polymer electrolyte is formed.
  • the polar regions of the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur can
  • alkali metal ions are in the polar regions of the at least one polymer electrolyte
  • the negatively charged group Q " and / or the uncharged group Q in particular covalently, optionally via a spacer, to a polymer back forming unit, in particular a polymer back-forming unit - [A] -, be attached.
  • the alkali metal ions for example lithium ions and / or sodium ions, in particular lithium ions, may be bonded to a negatively charged group Q " , in particular ionically / or charging, which could be caused by poor ion conductivity, can be reduced or avoided.
  • the polymer backings of the polymer, in particular covalently bonded sulfur, and the polymer backings, for example the polymer backbone-forming unit [A], of the at least one polymer electrolyte can thereby in particular, form a structural plane.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte can advantageously be simple, for example, only with ion-conducting or ion-conducting, in particular lithium ion-conducting and / or lithium ion-conducting,
  • Lonen tend continue to improve the at least one polymer electrolyte in the form of a co-polymer, for example, block co-polymer.
  • Cathode active material in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor a lamellar arrangement.
  • ion-conducting or ion-conducting in particular lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, lamellar domains are formed by the sulfur bound to the polymer, in particular covalently bound to the polymer or by polar regions of the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur and polar regions of the at least one polymer electrolyte.
  • Polymer back for example, the polymer backbone forming unit - [A] -, the at least one polymer electrolyte, a structural lamellar domain.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting for example lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, lamellar domains are formed between structural lamellar domains.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting for example, lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, lamellar domains and the structural lamellar domains may be arranged alternately.
  • the ion-conducting or ion-conducting for example, lithium ion-conducting or lithium ion-conducting, lamellar domains and the structural lamellar domains may be arranged alternately.
  • lithium ion conductive or lithium ion conductive planes for example within the ion-conducting or ion-conducting, for example
  • the polymer may be mixed with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur and the at least one polymer electrolyte, for example, at the molecular level.
  • the polymer of the at least one cathode active material and the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur and the at least one
  • a bi-phased continuous network Under a bi-phased continuous network can in particular a
  • Networks are formed in the two phases, such as A and B, which completely penetrate the network each by itself, in particular so that no isolated or demolished areas of only one phase, such as A or B, are present.
  • the repetition number of the repeating units of the polymer, in particular covalently bound sulfur is from the repetition number of the at least one polymer electrolyte in a ratio of 1.5: 1 to 6: 1, for example in a ratio of 2: 1 to 5 : 1, for example, about 3: 1.
  • a high capacity can be achieved with sufficient ion conduction.
  • this takes at least one
  • Cathode active material in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, based on the sum of, of the at least one
  • Cathode active material in particular of the volume occupied by the polymer, in particular covalently bonded sulfur, and of the volume occupied by the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or by the at least one inorganic ion conductor, more than 50% by volume, for example> 60% by volume, for example> 70% by volume. So can advantageously also a high capacity can be achieved with sufficient ion conduction.
  • Polymer electrolyte be electrically conductive.
  • the electrical connection of the cathode active material can be improved.
  • the cathode material may, for example, by layer or
  • Molecular layer deposition and / or by a Langmuir-Blodgett technology for example, in which the electrochemically active phase and the ion-conducting phase are formed sequentially, for example alternately, and / or by a technology known from block co-polymer synthesis methods, for example the basis of a, in particular thermal, resulting from a solution or suspension phase separation technology, and / or by thermal treatment of a film and implementation of the film with the at least one cathode active material, and / or by
  • Self-organization for example in the direction of a lamellar arrangement and / or a bicontinuous network, and / or by
  • Crystallization forces at a deposition of at least two phases are produced. These technologies can be beneficial
  • Materials with a penetration and / or mixing of two or more components up to a size of 20 nm to 500 nm are produced.
  • the cathode material further comprises at least one metal sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may comprise, for example, at least one transition metal sulfide and / or at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, in particular of the periodic table.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be electrochemically active, in particular in the context of the electrochemical reaction of the cell for which the cathode material is designed.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may in particular at least one metal, for example at least one
  • Transition metal and / or at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group include.
  • the at least one Metal sulfide at least one metal (Mt), for example transition metal and / or metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, which (Mt) a more positive or higher, for example, by> 1 V positive or higher, standard electrode potential (Mt ° / Mt x + ), as the anode active material or alkali metal of the cell, for example lithium has.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may comprise at least one metal (Mt), for example at least one
  • Transition metal and / or at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group which (Mt) has a standard electrode potential (Mt ° / Mt x + ), in particular against standard hydrogen electrode (NHE), of> -2 V.
  • niobium may have a standard electrode potential (Nb ° / Nb 3+ ) of -1.099 V and, thus, by 1, compared to the standard electrode potential (Li ° / Li + ) of lithium of -3.0401 V versus standard hydrogen electrode (NHE) , 941 1 V more positive or higher potential than one
  • Molybdenum for example in the form of MoS 3 and / or
  • MoS 2 may have up to 2.804V more positive potential than a lithium anode.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be, for example, at least one sulfide anion (S 2 " ) and / or at least one disulfide anion (S 2 2" ) and / or at least one higher sulfide and / or at least one Polysulfidanion and / or a superstoichiometric sulfur content
  • S 2 " sulfide anion
  • S 2 2" disulfide anion
  • Polysulfidanion and / or a superstoichiometric sulfur content For example, sulfur and / or unbound sulfur and / or uncharged sulfur and / or sulfur of zero oxidation number not directly associated with metal,
  • included in its crystal structure sulfur include.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may also be a semiconductor, for example, such as copper (II) sulfide (CuS).
  • the at least one metal of the at least one metal sulfide can be reduced to the elemental or metallic form.
  • the at least one cathode active material in particular the at least one metal of at least comprise a metal sulfide in metallic form.
  • the at least one metal of the at least one metal sulfide can advantageously contribute to the capacity of the cathode material and thus to the efficiency of the cell.
  • the formed metallic form of the at least one metal of the at least one metal sulfide can thereby lead to an improved electrical conductivity of the
  • the at least one metal sulfide may optionally increase the electrical conductivity by semiconducting properties.
  • At least one metal sulfide in particular in a reduction of the at least one metal of the at least one metal sulfide, released sulfur and optionally formed therefrom sulfide anion (s 2 " ) and / or
  • Polysulfides can with anode material ions or
  • Alkali metal ions for example lithium ions, react and / or combine and, for example, lithium sulfide (Li 2 S), lithium disulfide and / or
  • the at least one metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal of the at least one metal sulfide may advantageously be
  • the at least one metal sulfide electrochemically active sulfur in particular which is electrochemically active in the context of the electrochemical reaction of the cell for which the cathode material is designed, for example at least one disulfide anion (S 2 2 " ) and / or at least one
  • Polysulfide anion and / or a superstoichiometric sulfur content for example, not directly associated with metal sulfur and / or unbound sulfur and / or uncharged sulfur and / or sulfur of zero oxidation number, for example, in its crystal structure incorporated sulfur, may advantageously also in addition Electrochemically active sulfur of at least one metal sulfide for
  • Capacity of the cathode material or cell contribute.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one
  • Metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group in which at least one Kathoden2011matenal and / or in one, in particular ionic and / or electrically conductive or conductive polymer, for example in the at least one polymer electrolyte, and / or in another Lonenleiter, for example, in the at least one inorganic ion conductor, contain, for example, embedded and / or embedded, be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, can be used in combination with a cathode active material.
  • the at least one metal sulfide in particular the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, in the at least one cathode active material, in particular in the sulfur-carbon composite
  • sulfur-polymer composite for example in the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur, for example SPAN, contain, for example bound and / or embedded.
  • electrochemical reaction for example during unloading and / or loading.
  • the at least one cathode active material may be a sulfur-carbon composite, for example a sulfur-polymer composite, for example a polymer having, in particular covalently bound sulfur, and at least one metal sulfide, in particular the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least a metal sulfide at least a metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group.
  • a sulfur-carbon composite for example a sulfur-polymer composite, for example a polymer having, in particular covalently bound sulfur
  • at least one metal sulfide in particular the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least a metal sulfide at least a metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group.
  • a cathode material may be provided in which a portion of the sulfur in and / or on the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example SPAN, bonded and another part of the sulfur in and / or bound to the metal sulfide.
  • the at least one cathode active material in particular the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer
  • Composite in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur, for example SPAN, and the at least one metal sulfide,
  • Transition metal sulfide to form a (common) electrochemically active phase.
  • inorganic ion conductors can form an ion-conducting phase, for example, which may be present in addition to the electrochemically active phase.
  • Cathode-active material in particular the sulfur-carbon composite, for example, the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, for example SPAN, with the at least one metal sulfide, in particular the at least one
  • at least one can be
  • Cathode active material in particular the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, and the at least one metal sulfide, for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, evenly distributed.
  • the sulfur-carbon composite for example the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, evenly distributed.
  • both the sulfur-carbon composite for example, the Sulfur-polymer composite, in particular the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example SPAN, as well as the at least one metal sulfide contained therein, in particular transition metal sulfide, alike contact the at least one polymer electrolyte and / or the at least one inorganic ion conductor at its interface ,
  • the at least one cathode active material in particular the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example SPAN, of the at least one metal sulfide ,
  • the at least one cathode active material in particular the sulfur-carbon composite, for example the sulfur-polymer composite, for example the polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example SPAN, with the at least one metal sulfide, for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and or at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, be coated.
  • the surface conductivity can be improved and, if appropriate, counteracted by diffusion of polysulfides.
  • this makes at least one
  • Metal sulfide for example, the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group (in total),> 5 wt .-% to ⁇ 90 wt .-%, for example> 25 wt .-% to ⁇ 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the at least one cathode active material, in particular sulfur-carbon composite, for example sulfur-polymer composites, for example, the polymer with, in particular covalently bound sulfur, and the at least one Metal sulfide, for example, the at least one
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example, the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one
  • Metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group in particular the at least one transition metal sulfide, a simple metal sulfide, such as iron (II) sulfide (FeS) and / or copper (II) sulfide (CuS), for example with one sulfur atom per Metal atom, for example, in which all bonds of sulfur to the metal atom, and / or a metal sulfide having a more complex structure, for example, in which more than one sulfur atom is bound per metal atom, for example copper disulfide (CuS 2 ) and / or patronite (VS 4 , V 4+ (S 2 2 ⁇ ) 2), and in which, where appropriate, the sulfur may not be directly connected to the metal, but may be incorporated, for example, in the crystal structure, for example, a metal sulfide having a
  • Stoichiometric sulfur content and / or in which more metal atoms are contained as sulfur atoms, for example, copper (I) sulfide (Cu 2 S) and / or a metal sulfide having a stoichiometric metal content, such as Ni 9 S 8 and / or
  • Ni 3 S 2 include or be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, in particular the at least one
  • Transition metal sulfide electrochemically active sulfur, in particular which in the context of the electrochemical reaction of the cell, for which the
  • Cathode material is designed to be electrochemically active.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one
  • Transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group in particular the at least one transition metal sulfide, at least one disulfide anion and / or at least one Polysulfidanion and / or a superstoichiometric sulfur content, for example not directly sulfur-bonded metal and / or unbound sulfur and / or uncharged sulfur and / or sulfur of zero oxidation number, for example with sulfur incorporated in its crystal structure.
  • the electrochemically active sulfur of the at least one metal sulfide contribute to the capacity of the cathode material or cell.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example, the at least one
  • the at least one metal sulfide is particularly preferred.
  • Transition metal sulfide a metal disulfide and / or a higher metal sulfide, for example a metal trisulfide and / or a metal tetrasulfide and / or a metal pentasulfide, and / or a metal sulfide having a superstoichiometric sulfur content, for example, with embedded in its crystal structure sulfur include or be.
  • additional sulfur for the electrochemical reaction and / or catalysis can be provided.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example the at least one transition metal sulfide and / or the at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group, more than one metal atom per sulfur atom and / or a more than stoichiometric metal content. So can
  • the at least one metal sulfide comprises or is at least one transition metal sulfide.
  • the at least one transition metal sulfide may comprise or be a transition metal sulfide having electrochemically active sulfur and / or a transition metal sulfide having more than one sulfur atom per metal atom and / or a transition metal sulfide having more than one metal atom per sulfur atom and / or a transition metal sulfide having a more than stoichiometric metal content.
  • transition metal sulfides can therefore advantageously in particular the capacity of the cathode material or the cell increased by electrochemically active sulfur and / or provided additional sulfur for the electrochemical reaction and / or catalysis and / or the electrical conductivity can be increased.
  • the at least one metal sulfide comprises or is at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group.
  • the at least one metal sulfide comprises or is at least one transition metal sulfide and at least one metal sulfide of at least one metal of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group.
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide or transition metal sulfide, a sulfide of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, manganese and / or titanium.
  • this comprises or is at least one
  • Metal sulfide for example, transition metal sulfide, (at least) an iron sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be iron disulfide
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one copper sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one copper sulfide.
  • Metal sulfide copper disulfide (CuS 2 ) and / or a in particular
  • Stoichiometric metal content for example, Cu 9 S 8 and / or Cu 7 S 4 , and / or copper (II) sulfide (CuS) and / or copper (L) sulfide (Cu 2 S) include or be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one cobalt sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide
  • superstoichiometric sulfur content for example Co 3 S 4
  • a superstoichiometric metal content for example Co 9 S 8
  • CoS Cobalt monosulfide
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide, (at least) a nickel sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, (at least) a nickel sulfide.
  • Nickel disulfide or, for example, the mineral, vesitic (NiS 2 ) and / or a, in particular unstoichiometric, nickel sulfide,
  • Ni 9 S 8 and / or Ni 3 S 2 in particular with a superstoichiometric metal content, for example Ni 9 S 8 and / or Ni 3 S 2 , and / or nickel (II) sulfide (NiS) include or be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one vanadium sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one vanadium sulfide.
  • V 4+ (S 2 H 2 ) 2 for example with a tetravalent positive vanadium and two S 2 2 " ions charged with double negatives, and / or Vanadium monosulfide (VS) and / or vanadium (III) sulfide (V 2 S 3 ) and / or
  • Vanadium (IV) sulfide (VS 2 ) and / or vanadium (V) sulfide (V 2 S 5 ) include or be.
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide,
  • NbS 2 Metal sulfide niobium disulfide (NbS 2 ) and / or a higher niobium sulfide, for example niobium trisulfide (NbS 3 ) and / or niobium tetrasulfide (NbS 4 ) and / or niobium pentasulfide (NbS 5 ), and / or niobium (III) sulfide (Nb 2 S 3 ) and / or niobium (V) sulfide (Nb 2 S 5 ).
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide,
  • the at least one tantalum sulfide (at least) a tantalum sulfide.
  • TaS 2 Metal sulfide tantalum disulfide
  • tantalum trisulfide TaS 3
  • tantalum tetrasulfide TaS 4
  • tantalum pentasulfide TaS 5
  • tantalum (III) sulfide Ta 2 S 3 and / or
  • Tantalum (V) sulfide (Ta 2 S 5 ) include or be.
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide,
  • the at least one chromium sulphide (at least) a chromium sulphide.
  • Metal sulfide include chromium trisulfide (CrS 3 ), and / or chromium (III) sulfide (Cr 2 S 3 ) or be.
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide,
  • the at least one metal sulfide may comprise or be molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and / or a higher molybdenum sulfide, for example molybdenum trisulfide (MoS 3 ) and / or molybdenum tetrasulfide (MoS 4 ).
  • MoS 2 molybdenum disulfide
  • MoS 3 molybdenum trisulfide
  • MoS 4 molybdenum tetrasulfide
  • this comprises or is at least one metal sulfide, for example transition metal sulfide,
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one zinc sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide
  • Metal sulfide Zinc (II) sulfide (ZnS) include or be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one manganese sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may include or be manganese (II) sulfide (MnS) and / or manganese (III) sulfide (Mn 2 S 3 ).
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is (at least) one titanium sulfide.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide
  • Metal sulfide include titanium (IV) sulfide (TiS 2 ) or be.
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example transition metal sulfide, comprises or is a metal mixed sulfide.
  • the mixed metal sulfide may comprise at least two metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and tungsten.
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be a mixed metal sulfide of the general chemical formula: AB 3 S 6 and / or A 2 BS 4 and / or A 4 B 6 S 8 , where A is nickel (Ni) and / or copper (Cu) and / or iron (Fe) and / or manganese
  • Mn and / or cobalt (Co) and B is vanadium (V) and / or niobium (Nb) and / or tantalum (Ta) and / or molybdenum (Mo) and / or tungsten (W).
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be a metal mixed sulfide of the general chemical formula: AB 3 S 6 , where A is nickel (Ni) and / or copper (Cu) and / or iron (Fe) and / or manganese (Mn) and / or cobalt (Co) and B for Vanadium (V) and / or niobium (Nb) and / or tantalum (Ta), for example NiNb 3 S 6 , and / or a metal mixed sulfide of the general chemical formula: A 2 BS 4 and / or A4B 6 S 8 , wherein A is copper (Cu) and / or nickel (Ni) and / or iron (Fe) and B is molybdenum (Mo) and / or tungsten (W), for example Cu 2 MoS 4 and / or Cu 4 Mo 6 S 8 , include or be.
  • A is nickel (Ni) and / or copper (Cu) and / or iron (F
  • the at least one metal sulfide for example, the at least one metal sulfide, for example
  • Transition metal sulfide selected from the group consisting of FeS, FeS 2 , CuS, Cu 2 S, CuS 2 , Cu 9 S 8 , Cu 7 S 4 , CoS, CoS 2 , Co 3 S 4 , Co 9 S 8 , NiS, NiS 2 , Ni 9 S 8 , Ni 3 S 2 , VS, VS 2 , V 2 S 3 , V 2 S 5 , VS 4 , NbS 2 , NbS 3 , NbS 4 , NbS 5 , Nb 2 S 3 , Nb 2 S 5 ,
  • the at least one metal sulfide may be selected from the group consisting of FeS 2 , CuS 2 , CoS 2 , Co 3 S 4 , NiS 2 , VS 2 , VS 4 , NbS 2 , NbS 3 , NbS 4 , NbS 5 , TaS 2 , TaS 3 , TaS 4 , TaS 5 , CrS 3 , MoS 2 , MoS 3 , M0S 4, WS 2 , WS 3 , WS 4 ,
  • the at least one metal sulfide in particular, the at least one metal sulfide, in particular
  • Transition metal sulfide a sulfide of iron, such as iron (II) sulfide (FeS) and / or iron disulfide (FeS 2 ) and / or copper, for example, copper (II) sulfide
  • CuS copper disulfide
  • CuS 2 copper disulfide
  • chromium for example
  • the at least one metal sulfide or metal sulfide of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group comprises or is a sulfide of indium, gallium, aluminum, tin, germanium, antimony and / or bismuth.
  • the at least one metal sulfide or metal sulfide of the third, fourth and / or fifth main group may comprise or be a sulfide of indium and / or tin and / or antimony.
  • the cathode material further comprises at least one electrically conductive metal compound.
  • an electrically conductive metal compound may include or may be at least one electrically conductive metal oxide and / or at least one electrically conductive metal carbide.
  • the at least one electrically conductive metal oxide may comprise, in particular doped, oxide of tin and / or indium and / or tantalum and / or niobium, for example tin-doped indium oxide and / or with tantalum, niobium and / or fluorine-doped tin oxide be.
  • the at least one at least one electrically conductive metal carbide may comprise or be, for example, a carbide of titanium, for example titanium carbide (TiC).
  • the at least one inorganic ion conductor may in particular be a crystalline ion conductor.
  • the at least one inorganic ion conductor comprises or is a sulfide ion conductor, in particular one
  • Lithium phosphoroxinitride Lithium phosphoroxinitride (LIPON).
  • An ionic conductor with a garnet-like crystal structure can be understood in particular to be an ionic conductor whose crystal structure can be derived from the general garnet formula.
  • the general garnet formula For example, the general garnet formula
  • Crystal lattice and can be occupied by one or more different ions or elements.
  • A may represent the dodecahedral position
  • B the octahedral position
  • Q the tetrahedral position.
  • the at least one inorganic ion conductor may comprise a sulfide ion conductor, in particular for lithium ions
  • Sulfide ion conductors can advantageously have a high transfer coefficient and conductivity as well as low contact contact resistances. Therefore, sulfide ionic conductors can advantageously improve the ionic contacting of the sulfur-containing cathode active material and achieve a low polarization overvoltage. In addition, due to the high transfer rates, it is advantageously possible to achieve low costs, in particular in the case of high surface current densities during charging / discharging
  • sulfide ionic conductors advantageously dissolve virtually no sulfur and almost no polysulfides. This in turn has the advantage that during a discharge (reduction) of a cell resulting (poly) sulfides S x 2 " , which may otherwise migrate to the anode, such as lithium anode, and reduced there and thus the electrochemical reaction could be withdrawn, which also is referred to as a shuttle mechanism, held back better in the cathode and in this way the sulfur utilization and cycle stability can be improved.
  • sulfur-containing cathode materials may advantageously be chemically compatible with sulfide ionic conductors, thereby minimizing degradation of the cathode material and thus prolonging the life of the cell.
  • sulfide ionic conductors can advantageously be produced in a simple manner.
  • Sulfidic ionic conductors can be used particularly advantageously in combination with a sulfur-polymer composite having, for example, covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently bonded, sulfur, since they are almost have no sulfur and polysulfide solubility, thus dissolving and diffusing sulfur and polysulfides away from the polymer of the composite, which might optionally occur in the case of low molecular weight ether compounds and / or conventional short chain polyethers such as pure polyethylene oxide can be.
  • the at least one sulfidic ion conductor can be based, for example, on the general chemical formula: (Li 2 S) x : (P 2 S 5 ) y : D z , where D z is one or more additives, for example LiCl and / or LiBr and / or Lil and / or LiF and / or Li 2 Se and / or Li 2 O and / or P 2 Se 5 and / or P 2 O 5 and / or Li 3 PO 4 and / or one or more sulfides of germanium, boron, aluminum, Molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, arsenic and / or niobium, in particular germanium, stand, x, y and z can be used in particular for
  • Sulphide ionic conductors can be synthesized, for example, from the individual components Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 and optionally D. The synthesis may optionally be carried out under protective gas.
  • the at least one sulfidic ion conductor comprises or is a lithium argyrodite and / or a sulfidic glass.
  • These ion conductors have proved to be particularly advantageous because they have a high ionic conductivity and low contact contact resistance at the
  • the cathode active material may have. So can
  • Lithium argyrodites can be understood in particular as meaning compounds derived from the mineral argyrodite of the general chemical formula: Ag 8 GeS 6 , where silver (Ag) is replaced by lithium (Li) and in particular germanium (Ge) and / or Sulfur (S) by other elements, for example III., IV., V., VI. and / or VII. Main group, may be replaced.
  • lithium argyrodites are: Compounds of the general chemical formula:
  • Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or selenium (Se), in particular sulfur (S) compounds of the general chemical formula:
  • Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O), in particular sulfur (S), and X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I) and / or fluorine (F), for example X represents chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I),
  • Ch is sulfur (S) and / or oxygen (O) and / or selenium (Se), for example sulfur (S) and / or selenium (Se), in particular sulfur (S), B is phosphorus (P) and / or Arsenic (As),
  • X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I) and / or fluorine (F), for example X is chlorine (Cl) and / or bromine (Br) and / or iodine (I), and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1.
  • the at least one sulfidic ion conductor may have at least one lithium argyrodite of the chemical formula: Li 7 PS 6 , Li 7 PS 6 , Li 6 PS 5 CI, Li 6 PS 5 Br,
  • Lij.gPSe- ö Cl ö Li .gPSe- ö Brg, Li -gPSe- ö l ö , Li -gPSee- ö CIs, Li -gPSee- ö Brg, Li 7 _ 5 PSe 6 - 5 l 5 , Li 7 - 5 AsS 6 - 5 Br 5 , Li 7 -o AsS M l B , Li 6 AsS 5 l, Li 6 AsSe 5 l, Li 6 P0 5 Cl, Li 6 P0 5 Br and / or Li 6 P0 5 l , Lithium argyrodites are described, for example, in the publications: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 755-758; Z. Anorg. Gen. Chem., 2010, 636, 1920-1924; Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 2198-2206; Chem. Eur. J.,
  • the lithium argyrodite can be a sulfidic lithium argyrodite, for
  • Lithium argyrodites can be prepared in particular by a mechanical-chemical reaction process, for example, wherein starting materials such as lithium halides, for example LiCl, LiBr and / or Lil, and / or Lithium chalcogenides, for example Li 2 S and / or Li 2 Se and / or Li 2 0, and / or chalcogenides of main group V, for example P 2 S 5 , P 2 Se 5 , Li 3 P0 4 , in particular in stoichiometric amounts with each other to be married.
  • starting materials such as lithium halides, for example LiCl, LiBr and / or Lil
  • Lithium chalcogenides for example Li 2 S and / or Li 2 Se and / or Li 2 0, and / or chalcogenides of main group V, for example P 2 S 5 , P 2 Se 5 , Li 3 P0 4 , in particular in stoichiometric amounts with each other to be married.
  • starting materials such as lithium hal
  • High energy ball mill for example, with a number of revolutions of 600 rpm done.
  • the grinding can be carried out under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the at least either one sulfide ion conductor, at least one sulphidic glass by the chemical formula: Lii 0 GeP 2 Si 2, Li 2 S (GeS 2) -P 2 S 5 and / or Li 2 SP 2 S 5 include.
  • the at least one sulfidic ion conductor may comprise a germanium-containing sulfidic glass, for example Lii 0 GeP 2 Si 2 and / or Li 2 S- (GeS 2 ) -P 2 S 5 , in particular Lii 0 GeP 2 Si 2 .
  • Germanium-containing sulfide lithium ion conductors may advantageously have high lithium ion conductivity and chemical stability.
  • the at least one sulfidic ion conductor comprises or is a lithium argyrodite.
  • Lithium argyrodites are advantageously distinguished by particularly low contact contact resistances at the grain boundaries within the material as well as to further components, for example the
  • Cathode active material from.
  • a particularly good ion conduction can be achieved at and within the grain boundary surfaces.
  • lithium argyrodites can also have a low contact resistance between grains even without a sintering process. This advantageously makes it possible to simplify the production of the cathode material and of a cell.
  • the at least one inorganic ionic conductor for example sulfidic ionic conductors, in particular dissociate and provide the ions to be ionized, for example lithium ions, whereby the ionic mobility is increased and increased by the at least one polymer electrolyte this way the ion conductivity can be increased.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte may comprise at least one polymer or polymer electrolyte which contains at least one repeat unit of the general chemical formula:
  • fluorinated, for example perfluorinated, and / or lithium sulfonate substituted polymer for example a perfluoropolyether and / or a lithium sulfonate substituted, especially fluorinated, for example perfluorinated, polyolefin, for example tetrafluoroethylene polymer, and / or a lithium sulfonate substituted, in particular fluorinated, for example perfluorinated, polyether, for example a lithium ion-containing, for example lithium ions
  • fluorinated for example perfluorinated, polyphenylene, include or be.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer may for example be a homopolymer and / or a copolymer, for example a block copolymer, optionally a multi-block copolymer, and / or an alternating copolymer and or a random co-polymer, and / or a polymer mixture, for example of one or more homopolymer and / or one or more co-polymers, for example a homopolymer-co-polymer mixture.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer may for example be a homopolymer and / or a copolymer, for example a block copolymer, optionally a multi-block copolymer, and / or an alternating copolymer and or a random co-polymer, and / or a polymer mixture, for example of one or more homopolymer and / or one or more co-polymers, for example a homopol
  • Polyalkylene oxide and / or a polymer having at least one alkylene oxide group, in particular oligo-alkylene oxide group By means of alkylene oxide units or groups, advantageously, the ion mobility and thus the ionic conductivity can be increased.
  • such polymers are only ionically conductive, in particular lithium ion conductive, and should be used in combination, for example in a mixture, with at least one alkali metal salt, for example, alkali metal Leitsalz, in particular lithium salt, for example, lithium conductive salt can be used.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte may comprise a polyethylene oxide and / or a polymer having at least one ethylene oxide group, in particular oligo-ethylene oxide group.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer has at least one repeat unit of the general chemical formula:
  • [A] represents a polymer backbone-forming unit.
  • X stands for a spacer, in particular a, for example covalently, to the polymer back-forming unit - [A] - bonded spacer.
  • the group Q can be attached via the spacer X to the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] -.
  • the group Q for example the uncharged group Q described below or positively charged groups Q + or negatively charged group Q "
  • the group Q for example, the uncharged group Q described below or positively charged groups Q + or negatively charged group Q "
  • the group Q for example, the uncharged group Q described below or positively charged groups Q + or negatively charged group Q " , in particular directly be attached to the polymer back - [A] -.
  • Such polymers may advantageously a ionic conductivity, for example, lithium ion conductivity, in particular depend, have on the temperature of> 10 "5 S / cm, possibly even> 10" 4 S / cm and advantageously both as a binder, but also as ionic conductors such as lithium ion conductors , serve.
  • Binder properties can advantageously be achieved increased mechanical stability.
  • the polymer or the polymer electrolyte may also be referred to in particular as the cathode electrolyte or catholyte.
  • a sulfur-carbon composite for example a sulfur-polymer composite, in particular a polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, in particular SPAN, as cathode active material, used or used.
  • a sulfur-carbon composite for example a sulfur-polymer composite, in particular a polymer with, in particular covalently, bound sulfur, for example a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, in particular SPAN, as cathode active material, used or used.
  • SPAN sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite
  • polymer electrolytes can advantageously be kept in the vicinity of the carbon of the composite (poly) sulfides and, for example, in this way go into solution and, in particular, diffuse away
  • Polysulfides of the carbon of the composite which could optionally occur in the case of low molecular weight ether compounds and / or conventional short-chain polyethers, such as pure polyethylene oxide, counteracted and achieved in this way an improved kalendawitz stability and / or improved energy density retention.
  • Q stands for a negatively charged group Q " , for example a negatively charged side group Q " , and a counterion Z + .
  • the negatively charged group Q " can be attached via the spacer X to the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] -.
  • the negatively charged group Q " for example, for a group based on a Leitsalzanions, in particular lithium Leitsalzanions, for example, for a sulfonylimide group, for example for a
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group (TFSI “ : F 3 C-S0 2 - (N “ ) -SO 2 -) and / or
  • PFSI Perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group
  • Fluorosulfonylimide group F-S0 2 - (N " ) -S0 2 -), and / or for a group based on an anion of an ionic liquid (English: lonic liquid), for example for a pyrazolide group or for an imidazolide group, and / or a sulfonate group, for example one for a (simple) sulfonate group or for a trifluoromethanesulfonate group (triflate, " S0 3 CF 2 -), and / or for a sulfate group and / or for a carboxylate group and / or for a group based on a phosphoric acid-based anion, in particular for a phosphate group, and / or for a group based on an anion of an imide, in particular for a sulfonylimide group, for example for a trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group
  • PFSI Perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group
  • Fluorosulfonylimide group F-S0 2 - (N " ) -SO 2 -
  • FSI Fluorosulfonylimide group
  • a cation Z + in particular metal cation, for example lithium ion and / or sodium ion, in particular lithium, may be contained.
  • a negatively charged group Q may, in particular alkali metal ions such as lithium ions, coordinated, or are solvated This can -.
  • alkali metal ions such as lithium ions
  • a high transfer speed near 1 result.
  • an increased mobility of alkali ions in particular
  • Lithium ions can be achieved.
  • Dielectric constant can be increased, which has a positive influence on the Polysulfidlösinate - in such a way that the polysulfide solubility is reduced - may have, which is particularly in sulfur-carbon composites, such as sulfur polymer and / or carbon modification composites, especially sulfur - Polymer composites with, for example covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently, to the polymer of the
  • Composite bound sulfur for example sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composites, in particular SPAN, can have a particularly advantageous effect.
  • polymers which have a negatively charged group Q " and a counterion Z + for example a lithium ion Li + and / or a sodium ion Na + , in particular a lithium ion Li + , already have a sufficient ionic conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity, due to the counterion Z +
  • polymers having a negatively charged group Q " and a counterion Z + for example a lithium ion Li + and / or a sodium ion Na + , in particular a lithium ion Li +
  • an alkali metal conducting salt for example lithium Conducting salt, be used or ion-conducting, in particular lithium ion-conducting be.
  • polymers having a negatively charged group Q " and a counterion Z + may nevertheless, for example, reduce the glass transition temperature and / or increase ion mobility and / or ionic conductivity, in particular
  • Lithium ion conductivity in combination, for example in admixture, with at least one alkali metal salt, in particular lithium salt, for example, lithium conductive salt, can be used.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - and / or the spacer X may also optionally be different
  • Q stands for a positively charged group Q + , for example a positively charged side group Q + , and a counterion Z " .
  • the positively charged group Q + can be attached via the spacer X to the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] -.
  • the positively charged group Q + may stand, for example, for a group based on a cation of an ionic liquid (English: lonic liquid).
  • a counterion can be used as the counterion to the positive charge of Q +
  • Z " may, for example, such as all common counter ions known conductive salts are, for example, for lithium cells used.
  • Z " can be an anion, in particular a lead salt anion, and in particular anions of conducting salts, in particular lithium, can be formed by a positively charged group Q +.
  • Leitsalzanionen, coordinated or solvated and in particular the dissociation of the conducting salt, in particular lithium-Leitsalzes be increased.
  • the transfer number in particular by the covalent attachment of the positively charged group Q + to the polymer back-forming unit - [A] -, and optionally the mobility of
  • Alkali ions, in particular lithium ions, of the conductive salt and thus the
  • the ion conductivity in particular the lithium-ion conductivity can be increased.
  • the dielectric constant can be increased, which can have a positive influence on the polysulfide solubility - in such a way that the polysulfide solubility is reduced - which is particularly in sulfur-carbon composites, for example, sulfur polymer and / or Carbon-modification composites, in particular sulfur-polymer composites with, for example, covalently and / or ionically,
  • the polymer back-forming unit - [A] - and / or the spacer X can also optionally be optimized with regard to other properties.
  • polymers having a positively charged group Q + may be used in combination, for example, in U.S. Pat
  • Conducting salt in particular lithium salt, for example, lithium conductive salt, can be used.
  • Q stands for an uncharged group Q, for example an uncharged, functional side group which is capable of coordinating or adding alkali ions, in particular lithium ions (Li + )
  • the uncharged group Q can be attached via the spacer X to the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] -.
  • the uncharged group Q for example, for one of a
  • Electrolytic solvent derivable group stand.
  • alkali metal ions for example lithium ions
  • the mobility of the alkali ions, for example lithium ions, in particular by introducing the derivable from an electrolyte solvent group, and thus the ion conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity, can be increased.
  • the polymer back-forming unit - [A] - and / or the spacer X can be optionally optimized with regard to other properties.
  • Polymers which carry only uncharged groups Q, and in particular no bonded charges, for example alkali ions, in particular lithium ions, may initially be only ionically conductive, for example lithium ion conductive, and for example by addition of an alkali metal salt, for example alkali metal conducting salt, in particular lithium salt, for example by a mixture with an alkali metal salt, for example alkali metal conducting salt, in particular lithium salt, and in particular solvation of the salt
  • polymers which have an uncharged group Q in combination for example in a mixture, with at least one alkali metal salt,
  • alkali metal Leitsalz in particular lithium salt
  • lithium conductive salt for example, lithium conductive salt
  • Alkalimetallionen for example, lithium ions, promoted by the inorganic ion conductor and / or optionally of a conductive salt or the
  • inorganic ionic conductor and / or optionally be weakened by a conductive salt.
  • a conductive salt advantageously, advantageously, the transfer coefficient and / or the mobility of the ions, for example lithium ions, and thus the
  • Ion conductivity in particular the lithium ion conductivity, influenced and / or increased.
  • Q " very high transfer rates can advantageously be achieved, whereby - especially in the case of high
  • Polymer backbone - [A] - attached can advantageously - compared with mixtures of analogous polymers and analog, but free
  • Example in the case of low molecular weight ether compounds could be prevented, as well as the mechanical stability and, for example, binder function can be improved. Moreover, such polymers can have an extremely low vapor pressure compared to liquid electrolytes, making it possible to safely operate a cell equipped with them at higher operating temperatures.
  • the spacer X - for example, by the nature of the spacer and / or the length of the spacer - and / or the polymer back forming unit - [A] - - for example, by the nature of the polymer back forming unit / s - [A] - and their structure - more
  • the spacer X can advantageously be used to adjust in particular the glass transition temperature and / or the mechanical properties of the polymer or polymer electrolyte.
  • Polymer back forming unit - [A] - may optionally be optimized for other properties, such as mechanical properties.
  • alkali metal-sulfur cells for example lithium-sulfur cells and / or sodium-sulfur cells, in particular lithium-sulfur cells, for example
  • Lithium-SPAN cells simplified or their capacity retention or cycle stability, durability and safety can be increased.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer is a co-polymer, for example a block co-polymer, for example a multi-block co-polymer, and / or an alternating co-polymer and / or a random co-polymer.
  • the polymer or the polymer electrolyte can, for example, be a
  • the counterion Z + may in particular be an alkali metal ion, for example a lithium ion and / or sodium ion, in particular a lithium ion (Li + ). Due to the negative charge of the group Q " , for example sulfonate, this may advantageously be directly, for example, lithium (Li + ) the counterion to the negative charge of the group Q ", for example, sulfonate, and in particular provide an ionic conductivity. So can advantageously be dispensed with mixing of conductive salt. In particular, Z + can therefore stand for a lithium ion (Li + ).
  • the negatively charged group Q " can be used, for example, for a group based on a lead salt anion, in particular lithium lead salt anion, for example for a sulfonylimide group, for example for a trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group (TFSI “ : F 3 C-S0 2 - (N “ ) -SO 2 -) and / or perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group (PFSI “ : F 5 C 2 -SO 2 - (N " ) -SO 2 -) and / or fluorosulfonylimide group (FSI: F-S0 2 - (N S0 2 -) , and / or for a group based on an ion of an ionic liquid (English: lonic liquid), for example for a pyrazolide group or for an imidazolide group, and / or for a sulfonate group, for example for one for a (s
  • phosphoric acid-based anions in particular for a phosphate group, and / or for a group based on an anion of an imide, in particular for a Sulfonylimidsti, for example for a Trifluormethansulfonylimid- group (TFSI ": F 3 C-S0 2 - (N") -S0 2 -) and / or Perfluorethansulfonylimid- Group (PFSI “ : F 5 C 2 -SO 2 - (N " ) -SO 2 -) and / or fluorosulfonylimide group (FSI: F-S0 2 - (N S0 2 -), and / or for a group the base of an anion of an amide, in particular for a group based on an anion of a secondary amide (-R-NHR), and / or for a group based on an anion of a carboxylic acid amide, in particular for a group
  • Lithium ions coordinated or solvated.
  • the covalent attachment of the negatively charged group Q " to the polymer backbone-forming unit [A] - can result in a high transfer number close to 1.
  • the dielectric constant can advantageously be increased, which has a positive influence on the polysulfide solubility.
  • polysulfide solubility is reduced, which may have, as explained above, in particular with sulfur-carbon composites, for example sulfur-polymer and / or carbon-modification composites, in particular sulfur-polymer composites with, for example, covalently and / or or ionic, in particular covalent, sulfur bound to the polymer of the composite, for example sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composites, in particular SPAN, can have a particularly advantageous effect.
  • the negatively charged group Q is a group based on a lithium Leitsalzanions, in particular lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or for a group based on an anion of an ionic liquid and / or a sulfonate group and / or for a sulfate group and / or for a carboxylate group and / or for a group based on a phosphoric acid-based anion and / or for a group based on an anion of an imide and / or for a group based on an anion of an amide and or for a group based on an anion of a carboxylic acid amide.
  • the negatively charged group Q " is a sulfonylimide group, in particular a Trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group (F 3 C-S0 2 - (N " ) -SO 2 -) and / or
  • Perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group F 5 C 2 -S0 2 - (N " ) -SO 2 -) and / or
  • Fluorosulfonylimide group (F-S0 2 - (N " ) -S0 2 -), in particular
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonylimid group and / or for a sulfonate group, in particular for a (simple) sulfonate group and / or for a
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonate group stands.
  • the negatively charged group Q may be for a trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group or
  • Perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group or fluorosulfonylimide group or a sulfonate group or a trifluoromethanesulfonate group can be used for a
  • Sulfonate group or a sulfonylimide group in particular for a
  • Sulfonate stand.
  • Z + may stand in particular for a lithium ion.
  • a sulfonylimide group or a sulfonate group in particular
  • the negatively charged group Q " can be a benzene group which contains at least one group based on a lead salt anion, in particular lithium lead salt anion, in particular with at least one sulfonylimide group (benzenesulfonylimide group, for example lithium benzenesulfonylimide group), and / or with at least one group based on an anion of an ionic liquid and / or with at least one
  • Sulfonate (benzenesulfonate, for example, lithium benzenesulfonate) and / or having at least one sulfate group and / or at least one carboxylate group and / or at least one group based on a phosphoric acid-based anion, in particular with at least one phosphate group, and / or at least one group is substituted on the basis of an anion of an imide and / or with at least one group based on an anion of an amide and / or with at least one group based on an anion of a carboxylic acid amide.
  • the negatively charged group Q may be a benzene group containing at least one trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group and / or at least a perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group and / or at least one
  • Fluorsulfonylimid group in particular with at least one
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group substituted. As part of a
  • Embodiment Q stands for a benzenesulfonate group or a
  • Benzenesulfonimide group in particular a benzenesulfonate group.
  • Benzene group advantageously makes it possible to bind a group, for example a sulfonate, in a simple manner to a wide variety of polymer backings.
  • a benzene group offers the possibility in a simple manner of further, the ionic conductivity-increasing substituents, such as multiple groups,
  • sulfonate groups and / or one or more
  • a polymer having a, in particular such functionalized, benzene group can advantageously by polymerization of the double bond of a, in particular such functionalized styrene, for example of 4- (styrenesulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, or one with the above-mentioned anionic groups, functionalized styrene, in a simple manner be formed.
  • the attachment of the anionic function to a polymer backbone can for example also take place via a functional group in the para position to the anionic group in the aromatic carbon six-membered ring.
  • an aromatic carbon six-membered ring offers the possibility of easily attaching further substituents which increase the ionic conductivity.
  • the negatively charged group Q is a benzenesulfonylimide group, for example a para and / or ortho and / or meia-benzenesulfonylimide group,
  • a para-benzenesulfonylimide group for example, a para-benzenesulfonylimide group, and / or a
  • Benzenesulfonate for example, a benzenesulfonate, for example, a para and / or ortho and / or meia-benzenesulfonate, for example, a para-benzenesulfonate.
  • Benzenesulfonylimide groups and / or benzenesulfonate groups for example a para, ortho and / or meta-benzenesulfonylimide group and / or para, ortho and / or meia-benzenesulfonate group, in particular a para-benzenesulfonylimide group and / or a para-benzenesulfonate group, may in this case explained above be particularly advantageous.
  • Such polymers can be particularly advantageous, in particular as
  • Lithium ion conductive electrolyte such as solid electrolyte
  • Cathode material for example with a sulfur-carbon composite, for example with a composite of one, in particular electrically conductive, polymer and sulfur, in particular with a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - composite, for example SPAN, as a cathode active material, for example in one Lithium-sulfur cell, used or used.
  • a sulfur-carbon composite for example with a composite of one, in particular electrically conductive, polymer and sulfur, in particular with a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - composite, for example SPAN, as a cathode active material, for example in one Lithium-sulfur cell, used or used.
  • PAN sulfur-polyacrylonitrile
  • Q is a sulfonylimide group, for example a benzenesulfonylimide group, thus advantageously increasing by the soft anion a, relatively weak and thus the ion mobility, in particular lithium ion mobility, and ionic conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity
  • Coordination of cations, in particular of lithium ions can be achieved.
  • Q is a sulfonate group, for example a benzenesulfonate group.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer may, for example, be a repeating unit of the general formula: exhibit.
  • the positively charged group Q + stands for a group based on a cation of an ionic liquid (English: lonic liquid), in particular for a pyridinium group or a, in particular quaternary, ammonium group or an imidazolium group or a piperidinium group or a pyrrolidinium group or a, in particular quaternary, phosphonium group or a guanidinium group or a morpholinium group or a uronium group or a
  • an ionic liquid English: lonic liquid
  • Z " for example, for example, all common, counterions of known lithium salts, in particular lithium conductive salts are used.
  • Z " can be an anion, in particular a lithium-conducting salt anion, groups Q + which are based on a cation of an ionic liquid, in particular pyridinium groups,
  • Morpholinium groups, uronium groups and / or thiouronium groups can advantageously increase the dissociation of alkali metal ions, in particular lithium ions, for example of the conductive salt and / or inorganic ionic conductor, and thereby in turn advantageously the transfer coefficient and optionally the mobility of the alkali metal ions, in particular lithium ions, and thus the
  • a pyridinium group may in particular be understood as meaning a group which can be derived from pyridinium, in particular substituted or unsubstituted.
  • An ammonium group may in particular be understood as meaning a group derivable from ammonium, in particular a quaternary ammonium group.
  • An imidazolium group can be understood in particular to be an imidazolium-derivable, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, group. Under a piperidinium group, in particular one of
  • Piperidinium derivable, especially substituted or unsubstituted, group can be understood.
  • a pyrrolidinium group may in particular be understood as meaning a group derivable from pyrrolidinium, in particular substituted or unsubstituted.
  • a phosphonium group may in particular be a group which can be derived from phosphonium, in particular a quaternary group
  • a guanidinium group may, in particular, be understood as meaning a guanidinium-derivable, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, group.
  • a morpholinium group may, in particular, be understood as meaning a group derivable from morpholinium, in particular a substituted or unsubstituted one.
  • Uronium can be understood in particular a derivable from Uronium, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, group.
  • a thiouronium group In particular, a thiouronium derivable, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, group can be understood.
  • the positively charged group Q + may represent a pyridinium group or one, especially quaternary, ammonium group or a
  • the positively charged group Q + may represent a pyridinium group or one, in particular quaternary, ammonium group or a
  • Q + may represent one, in particular quaternary, ammonium group or a
  • the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant can be increased in a comparatively simple manner.
  • Z " stands for a lithium lead salt anion, thus advantageously increasing the dissociation of a lithium conducting salt and thus also increasing the mobility of the lithium ions of the lithium conducting salt and thus the lithium ion conductivity.
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonate triflate “ , F 3 CSO 3 " ), bisoxalatoborates (BOB “ ,
  • Anions are often used as lithium-Leitsalzanion. Therefore, these anions can be used particularly advantageously for the solvation of lithium conducting salts.
  • Z stands for perchlorate and / or trifluoromethanesulfonate and / or tetrafluoroborate and / or bisoxalatoborate and / or hexafluorophosphate, and / or
  • Z " may be for bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and / or
  • Bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide and / or bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide in particular bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, trifluoromethanesulfonate and / or tetrafluoroborate and / or bisoxalatoborate and / or difluorooxalatoborate ( " DFOB) and / or bromide and / or iodide and / or chloride
  • DFOB difluorooxalatoborate
  • Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, and / or trifluoromethanesulfonate triflate, S0 3 -CF 3 .
  • soft anions bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and / or bis (perfluoroethanesulfonyl) imide and / or bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide and / or
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonate in particular bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI " ), can advantageously achieve a coordination of cations, in particular lithium ions, which increases the ion mobility, in particular lithium ion mobility, and ionic conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity, and for example the solubility of conducting salts in the Polymer or polymer electrolyte and optionally the thermal stability can be improved.
  • Such polymers or polymer electrolytes can be particularly advantageous, in particular as lithium ion-conducting electrolyte, for example solid electrolyte, in a cathode material, for example with a sulfur-carbon grain posit, for example with a composite of a,
  • PAN sulfur-polyacrylonitrile
  • Cathode active material for example, in a lithium-sulfur cell, used or used.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer may, for example, be one
  • an uncharged group Q can advantageously of Leitsalzen, for example alkali salts, in particular lithium Leitsalzen, the alkali ions, in particular lithium ions, coordinated or solvated and in this way the mobility of the alkali ions, for example lithium ions, and thus the ion conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity, of the polymer or Polymer electrolytes are increased.
  • This can be favored, for example, by choosing the spacer X.
  • the uncharged group Q is a group derivable, in particular, from an electrolyte solvent, for example a cyclic carbonate group or a
  • cyclic, lactone group or a cyclic carbamate group or an acyclic carbonate group or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester group or an acyclic carbamate group or an alkylene oxide group in particular cyclic, lactone group or a cyclic carbamate group or an acyclic carbonate group or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester group or an acyclic carbamate group or an alkylene oxide group
  • a cyclic carbonate group or lactone group or cyclic carbamate group or acyclic carbonate group or acyclic carboxylic acid ester group or acyclic carbamate group or alkylene oxide group, for example oligo-alkylene oxide, may be advantageous, since this advantageously the mobility of alkali ions, for example lithium ions, and thus the ion conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity of the polymer or polymer electrolyte can be increased.
  • Q is an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group.
  • Lithium ion conductivity can be increased.
  • the uncharged group Q is a cyclic carbonate group or a
  • Lactone group or a cyclic carbamate group or an acyclic carbonate group or an acyclic carboxylic acid ester group or an acyclic carbamate group Due to the high polarity of these groups, these groups can advantageously the lonendissoziation and the
  • Dielectric constant of the polymer or polymer electrolyte increase and thus advantageously reduce the polysulfide solubility, which may be particularly advantageous especially in sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composites such as SPAN.
  • the uncharged group Q is a, in particular cyclic or acyclic
  • Carbonkladesteroli for example, lactone group, or one, in particular cyclic or acyclic, carboxylic acid ester group. Due to the high polarity of these groups, these groups can advantageously the
  • Dielectric constant of the polymer or polymer electrolyte increase and thus advantageously reduce the polysulfide solubility, which may be particularly advantageous especially in sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composites such as SPAN.
  • the, in particular uncharged, group Q is a cyclic carbonate group or a lactone group or a carbamate group, especially a cyclic carbamate group or an acyclic carbamate group.
  • Q may represent a cyclic carbonate group or a, in particular cyclic, lactone group or a cyclic carbamate group.
  • Carbonate groups, lactone groups and / or cyclic carbamate group may be particularly advantageous for increasing the ionic conductivity of the polymer as a whole.
  • Q is a cyclic carbonate group, for example, which forms a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring or a seven-membered ring, in particular a five-membered ring.
  • Q stands for a lactone group, for example, which forms a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring or a seven-membered ring, in particular a five-membered ring.
  • Q is a cyclic carbamate group, for example, which forms a five-membered ring or a six-membered ring or a seven-membered ring, in particular a five-membered ring.
  • Q is an acyclic carbonate group.
  • Q is an acyclic
  • Q is an acyclic carbamate group.
  • Q is hydrogen or an alkyl group, in particular a methyl group or an ethyl group.
  • Such polymers or polymer electrolytes can be particularly advantageous, in particular as lithium ion-conducting electrolyte, for example solid electrolyte, in a cathode material, for example with a sulfur-carbon grain posit, for example with a composite of a,
  • PAN sulfur-polyacrylonitrile
  • Cathode active material for example, in a lithium-sulfur cell, used or used.
  • the cathode material or the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer further comprises at least one conducting salt, in particular lithium conducting salt.
  • the ion conductivity, in particular lithium ion conductivity can be further increased.
  • a small admixture of a conducting salt, in particular lithium conducting salt may be advantageous in order to reduce the glass transition point of the polymer and thus increase the overall mobility of the lithium ions in the system, but at the expense of reducing the transfer number can.
  • a conducting salt in particular lithium conducting salt, can be used, whose anion interacts well with the group Q.
  • lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide LiTFSI
  • LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
  • the at least one conductive salt for example, a lithium electrolyte or a
  • lithium-conductive salt in particular a lithium conducting salt.
  • the at least one lithium conducting salt can be lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) and / or lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) and / or lithium bisoxalatoborate (LiBOB) and / or trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTriflate) and / or lithium perchlorate
  • LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
  • LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
  • LiBOB lithium bisoxalatoborate
  • LiTriflate trifluoromethanesulfonate
  • LiClO 4 LiClO 4
  • LiDFOB Lithiumdifluorooxalatoborat
  • Lithium tetrafluoroborate (L1 B F4) and / or lithium bromide (LiBr) and / or
  • Lithium iodide (Lil) and / or lithium chloride (LiCI) include or be.
  • the anion Z " and the anion of the at least one lithium conducting salt may be different or identical.
  • the anion of the at least one conducting salt, in particular lithium conducting salt, and Z " or Q " are from the same anion class, for example the sulfonylimides, for example trifluoromethanesulfonylimide and / or
  • Pentafluorethansulfonylimid and / or fluorosulfonyl imide in particular
  • Ttrifluoromethanesulfonylimide selected.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte comprises at least one, in particular ion-conductive or
  • ion-conducting for example, lithium-ion-conductive or lithium-ion-conducting polymer, having at least one repeat unit of the general chemical formula: where Q is a negatively charged group Q " and a counterion Z + , in particular lithium ion, and / or
  • the spacer X at least one, optionally further, negatively charged group Q " , in particular based on Leitsalzanions, in particular lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid or a sulfonate group, for example at least one sulfonylimide group and / or at least one sulfonate group and a counterion Z + , for example alkali metal ion, in particular lithium ion.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte comprises at least one, in particular ion-conducting or ion-conducting, for example lithium-ion-conducting or lithium-ion-conducting, polymer comprising at least one
  • the conductive salt and / or inorganic ion conductor for example, the conductive salt and / or inorganic ion conductor, and thus the ionic conductivity can be increased.
  • such polymers are only ion-conductive, in particular lithium-ion conductive, and should be used in combination, for example in a mixture, with at least one conducting salt, in particular lithium conducting salt.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte comprises at least one, in particular ion-conducting or ion-conducting, for example, lithium-ion-conductive or lithium-ion-conducting polymer, wherein the at least one polymer
  • Polyalkylene oxide for example polyethylene oxide, and / or a polymer having at least one alkylene oxide group, for example ethylene oxide group, in particular oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example oligo-ethylene oxide group, and / or at least one repeat unit of the general chemical formula:
  • Q is an uncharged group Q, in particular for a
  • Alkylene oxide group in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an ethylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group, is, and / or
  • the spacer X comprises at least one alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an ethylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group, and / or
  • polymer back forming unit - [A] - an alkylene oxide unit, for example, an oligo-alkylene oxide unit, in particular an ethylene oxide unit, for example, an oligo-ethylene oxide unit. It can do that
  • Cathode material in particular at least one conductive salt, in particular lithium conductive salt include.
  • conductive salt in particular lithium conductive salt include.
  • the ion mobility and thus the ionic conductivity can advantageously be increased.
  • such polymers are only ion-conductive, in particular lithium-ion conductive, and should be used in combination, for example in a mixture, with at least one conducting salt, in particular lithium conducting salt.
  • Q is a negatively charged one
  • Carbamate groups especially alkylene oxide groups, such as oligo-alkylene oxide groups and / or polyethers, exposed, as by the negative
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or
  • Benzylene group for example oligo-benzylene group, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeating units, and / or at least one
  • Carbonyl group in particular ketone group, for example alkylcarbonyl group, and / or at least one cyclic carbonate group and / or at least one lactone group and / or at least one cyclic carbamate group and / or at least one acyclic carbonate group and / or at least one acyclic carboxylic acid ester group and / or at least one acyclic
  • Carbamate group and / or at least one ether oxygen and / or at least one positively charged group for example at least one, in particular quaternary ammonium ion group and / or at least one
  • Trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group for example at least one
  • Lithium sulfonate group and / or lithium Trifluormethansulfonylimid group in particular Lithiumbenzolsulfonatrios and / or lithium Trifluormethansulfonylimid-benzene group.
  • the spacer X may also have a combination of these groups. By such a spacer X can advantageously the ionic conductivity of the polymer or
  • Polymer polymers can be increased overall, for example, which can be optimized by the polymer back in terms of other properties.
  • Carboxylic acid ester group and / or acyclic carbamate group and / or positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid for example one, in particular quaternary ammonium ion group and / or a pyridinium group and / or an imidazolium group and / or a piperidinium group and / or a pyrrolidinium group and / or a, in particular quaternary, phosphonium group and / or a guanidinium group and / or a morpholinium group and / or a uronium group and / or a thiouronium group, and / or a negatively charged group, for example a sulfonylimide group and / or or sulfonate group, in the spacer
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, alkylene oxide, in particular oligo- alkylene oxide.
  • the spacer X may be, for example, at least one, for example substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, ethylene oxide group and / or propylene oxide group, in particular oligo-ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide group,
  • the spacer X may contain at least one,
  • substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, ethylene oxide group, in particular oligo-ethylene oxide group include.
  • the ion mobility can be increased.
  • the at least one alkylene oxide group of the spacer X may in particular be partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated, for example perfluorinated.
  • halogenation in particular fluorination, such as perfluorination
  • the solubility of polysulfides by the polymer or the polymer electrolyte, in particular by alkylene oxide can be reduced, which when used in combination with a sulfur-carbon composite, such as sulfur polymer and / or -Carbon modification composite, in particular sulfur-polymer composite with, for example, covalently and / or ionically, in particular covalently bound to the polymer of the composite Sulfur, for example, a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, for example, a SPAN composite, as the cathode material may be particularly advantageous.
  • the spacer X comprises at least one carbonyl group, in particular at least one cyclic carbonate group and / or at least one lactone group and / or at least one cyclic carbamate group and / or at least one acyclic carbonate group and / or at least one acyclic Carboxylic ester group and / or at least one acyclic carbamate group.
  • the spacer X may comprise at least one acyclic carbonate group.
  • the ion mobility can be increased. This can be particularly advantageous in the case of a positively charged group Q + and / or in the case of a negatively charged group Q " , in particular to mobilize dissociated ions and thus increase the ionic conductivity.
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, optionally further, positively charged group Q.sup. + ,
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, optionally further, positively charged group Q.sup. + ,
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, optionally further, positively charged group Q.sup. + ,
  • a cation of an ionic liquid for example at least one
  • the spacer X may, for example, at least one ammonium group and / or at least one pyridinium group and / or at least one
  • Imidazolium group for example at least one ammonium group and / or at least one pyridinium group, and a counterion Z " , for example
  • Leitsalzanion in particular lithium Leitsalzanion include.
  • the at least one, optionally further, positively charged group Q + of the spacer can in particular be designed as described above, in particular in the context of the positively charged groups Q + connected via the spacer X.
  • the ion dissociation can be increased. This can be the case a positively charged group Q + " and / or in the case of an uncharged group Q be particularly advantageous, in particular to further increase the ionic conductivity and further reduce the Polysulfidlösige.
  • the spacer X comprises at least one, optionally further, negatively charged group Q " and a counterion Z + , for example an alkali ion, for example lithium ion and / or sodium ion, in particular a lithium ion , optionally further, negatively charged group Q "of the spacer can be configured in particular as described above, in particular in the context of the negatively charged groups Q " attached via the spacer X.
  • a counterion Z + for example an alkali ion, for example lithium ion and / or sodium ion, in particular a lithium ion
  • negatively charged group Q "of the spacer can be configured in particular as described above, in particular in the context of the negatively charged groups Q " attached via the spacer X.
  • negatively charged group Q "of the spacer X may be a group based on a lead salt anion, in particular a lithium lead salt anion, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid and / or a sulfonate group
  • Sulfonylimide group for example at least one trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group and / or perfluoroethanesulfonylimide group and / or fluorosulfonylimide group, in particular at least one trifluoromethanesulfonylimide group, and / or at least one sulfonate group.
  • the ion dissociation can be increased. This may be particularly advantageous in the case of a negatively charged group Q "" and / or in the case of an uncharged group Q, in particular in order to further increase the ion conductivity and the
  • the at least one alkylene group of the spacer X may be, for example, a chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16 carbon atoms, in particular of> 1 to ⁇ 13 carbon atoms, for example of> 1 to ⁇ 4 carbon atoms or of> 4 to ⁇ 8 carbon atoms and / or of 9 to ⁇ 13 carbon atoms.
  • the alkylene group of the spacer X may be a saturated alkylene group, for example the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a i- with 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 15, for example 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 12, for example 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 3 ,
  • the at least one alkylene oxide group of the spacer X may be, for example, an ethylene oxide group and / or a propylene oxide group.
  • the at least one alkylene oxide group may be an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide group.
  • the alkylene oxide group or oligo-alkylene oxide group can have> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeat units, for example> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 4 repeat units.
  • the at least one alkylene oxide unit may have the general chemical formula: - [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] b with 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 10, for example 1 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 4.
  • the attachment of the at least one alkylene oxide group of the spacer X to the polymer backbone - [A] - and the group Q for example the pyridinium group, ammonium group, imidazolium group, piperidinium group,
  • Morpholinium group uronium group, thiouronium group, cyclic
  • Carbonate group acyclic carboxylic ester group, acyclic
  • Carbamate group, sulfonylimide or sulfonate group in each case via one, in particular saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched, alkylene group, for example methylene groups, and / or
  • the spacer X may be, for example, an alkyl-alkylene-alkyl group, for example an alkyl-oligo-alkylene-alkyl group, for example the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a i- [CH 2 -CH 2 -O -] b i- (CH 2 ) ai- with 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 12, in particular 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ b1 ⁇ 10,
  • alkoxy-alkylene-alkyl group for example alkoxy-oligo-alkylene oxide-alkyl group, for example the general chemical formula: - (CH2) a2-0- [CH2-CH2-0-] b 2- (CH2) a2- with 1 ⁇ a2 ⁇ 12, in particular 1 ⁇ a2 ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 10, in particular 1 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 4, and 1 ⁇ a2 ' ⁇ 12, in particular 1 ⁇ a2' ⁇ 3.
  • Phenylene group and / or the at least one benzylene group of the spacer X may in particular with one or more alkyl side chain / n and / or a or more alkylene oxide side chain (s), for example, oligo-alkylene oxide side chain (s), for example oligo-ethylene oxide side chain (s) and / or oligo-propylene oxide side chain (s), and / or one or more cyclic carbonate group (s) and / or lactone group (s) / or cyclic
  • the ionic conductivity may advantageously - in particular in connection with the corresponding groups Q, Q + and Q "explained - be increased further example, the spacer X one or more phenylene oxide / n and / or phenylene group / n and / or benzylene / n.
  • phenylene oxide groups and / or phenylene groups and / or benzylene groups of the spacer X may be (in each case) one, in particular saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated or non-halogenated, for example partially fluorinated or perfluorinated or unfluorinated, Alkylene group and / or alkylene oxide group, for example, oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example, oligo- ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide, be inserted.
  • Carbonate group acyclic carboxylic ester group, acyclic
  • the spacer X may contain one or more cyclic carbonate group (s) analogous to Q and / or lactone group (s) and / or cyclic carbamate group (s) and / or acyclic carbonate group (s) and / or acyclic carboxylic ester group (s) and / or acyclic carbamate group / n and / or - for example, Q + analogous - Ammoniumionrios / n and / or pyridinium group / n and / or lmidazoliumrios / n and / or
  • Carboxylic acid ester group acyclic carbamate group, ammonium ion group, pyridinium group, imidazolium group, piperidinium group, pyrrolidinium group,
  • Phosphonium group guanidinium, morpholinium, uronium, thiouronium, sulfonyl or sulfonate, for example benzenesulfonylimide and / or benzenesulfonate, the spacer X to the polymer back - [A] - and / or to another cyclic carbonate group, lactone group, cyclic carbamate, acyclic
  • Carbonate group acyclic carboxylic ester group, acyclic
  • Carboxylic acid ester group acyclic carbamate group, ammonium ion group, pyridinium group, imidazolium group, piperidinium group, pyrrolidinium group, phosphonium group, guanidinium group, morpholinium group, uronium group, Thiouronium group, sulfonylimide group or sulfonate group, for example benzenesulfonylimide group and / or benzenesulfonate group, of the spacer X and / or to the, for example terminal, group Q, for example the cyclic carbonate group, lactone group, cyclic carbamate group, acyclic carbonate group, acyclic carboxylic acid ester group, acyclic
  • Guanidinium dormitory dormitory dormitory dormitory dormitory occasion can in particular (in each case) via one, in particular saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or fully halogenated or unhalogenated, for example partially fluorinated or perfluorinated or unfluorinated, alkylene group and or alkylene oxide group, for example oligoalkylene oxide group, for example oligo-ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide group.
  • the spacer X may be an, especially saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched, alkylene spacer.
  • the number of carbon atoms in the spacer can be in particular> 1 to ⁇ 12, for example from> 1 to ⁇ 4.
  • the alkylene spacer can be based on the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a i- with 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 12, in particular 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 3.
  • the spacer X may be, for example, an alkylene oxide spacer, for example oligoalkylene oxide spacer, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide spacer or oligo-propylene oxide spacer.
  • Oligo Alkylenoxidspacer the number of repeating units, for example,> 2 to ⁇ 10
  • Repeating units in particular> 2 to ⁇ 4, amount.
  • the attachment of the alkylene oxide unit for example oligoalkylene oxide unit, for example the oligo-ethylene oxide unit or oligo-propylene oxide unit, to the polymer backbone - [A] - or the group Q, for example the cyclic
  • Carbonate group acyclic carboxylic ester group, acyclic
  • Alkylene group for example methylene groups
  • the spacer X may be, for example, a spacer based on, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, phenylene oxide and / or phenylene and / or benzylene.
  • the spacer can be several
  • Phenylene oxide units and / or phenylene units and / or benzylene units can (in each case) one, especially saturated and / or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated or non-halogenated, for example partially fluorinated or perfluorinated or unfluorinated, alkylene group and / or alkylene oxide group, for example oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example, oligo- ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide group inserted.
  • Substitution can be carried out in particular with one or more alkyl side chain (s) and / or one or more alkylene oxide side chain (s), for example oligo-alkylene oxide side chain (s), for example oligo-ethylene oxide side chain (s) and / or oligo-propylene oxide side chain (s), and / or or one or more cyclic carbonate group (s) and / or lactone group (s) and / or cyclic
  • the spacer X may be, for example, a carbonyl spacer, for example an alkylene / alkylene oxide-carbonyl-alkylene / alkylene oxide spacer.
  • the spacer X can be, for example, an ether oxygen (-O-).
  • the spacer X is an alkylene and / or alkylene oxide spacer, for example an alkylene and / or oligalkylene oxide spacer, for example an ethenyl oxide and / or oligo-ethylene oxide spacer.
  • - [A] - represents a polymer back forming unit which (at least) an alkylene oxide unit, in particular ethylene oxide unit (PEO) and / or propylene oxide unit, for example Oligo- alkylene oxide unit, for example oligo Ethylene oxide unit and / or oligo-
  • PEO ethylene oxide unit
  • propylene oxide unit for example Oligo- alkylene oxide unit, for example oligo Ethylene oxide unit and / or oligo-
  • Unit includes.
  • [A] - may represent a polymer backbone-forming unit which comprises a polyether, in particular polyethylene oxide (PEO) and / or polypropylene oxide, and / or polymerized, in particular organic,
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • polypropylene oxide a polymer backbone-forming unit which comprises a polyether, in particular polyethylene oxide (PEO) and / or polypropylene oxide, and / or polymerized, in particular organic
  • Carbonate group (s) comprising repeating units, for example a polycarbonate and / or a polymer of polymer backbone
  • Structural units with side groups containing carbonate groups and / or a polysiloxane and / or a polyphosphazene and / or a
  • Polyphenylene for example, a para-polyphenylene, and / or a
  • - [A] - may represent a polymer backbone forming unit which is supported on a polyether, especially polyethylene oxide (PEO) and / or Polypropylene oxide, and / or a polymerized, in particular organic, carbonate group / n, comprising repeating units and / or a polysiloxane and / or a polyphosphazene and / or a
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a siloxane.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] -
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a methyl methacrylate unit and / or a methacrylate unit.
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a phenylene unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit may comprise - [A] - (at least) a para-phenylene moiety.
  • an additional electrical conductivity can be achieved.
  • phenylene units or polyphenylenes can be easily substituted one or more times, for example sulfonated.
  • the polymer backbone forming unit - [A] - (at least) a phenylene oxide Include unit. Via the oxygen may advantageously simple manner - optionally via a spacer X -.
  • Be connected groups Q, Q +, and / or Q "For example, the polymer backbone forming unit - [A] - an at least singly sulfonated, for example, multiple sulfonated phenylene
  • the polymer or polyelectrolyte may contain a sulfonate group, in particular
  • Lithium sulfonate groups substituted polyphenylene, for example para-polyphenylene, for example, which comprises at least one phenylene repeating unit which is at least one sulfonate group, in particular lithium sulfonate, for example, with a plurality
  • Sulfonate groups in particular lithium sulfonate groups, is or include. This has proven to be advantageous, since so the number of anionic units and thus lithium ion charge carriers per
  • Phenylene unit can be increased.
  • the polymer back-forming unit - [A] - for example in the form of a polyphenylene, one or more other phenylene units, such as an unsubstituted phenylene unit and / or one or more times with one group Q, for example Q +
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a benzylene unit.
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) one alkylene unit.
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) an alkylene oxide unit, in particular ethylene oxide unit (PEO) and / or propylene oxide unit, for example, oligo-alkylene oxide unit , for example, oligo-ethylene oxide unit and / or oligo-propylene oxide unit, in particular oligo-ethylene oxide unit.
  • PEO ethylene oxide unit
  • propylene oxide unit for example, oligo-alkylene oxide unit , for example, oligo-ethylene oxide unit and / or oligo-propylene oxide unit, in particular oligo-ethylene oxide unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] -
  • Carbonate group comprehensive entity.
  • the polarity of the polymer back can be increased and thus the polysulfide solubility positively influenced, in particular reduced, can be.
  • Polymerized, in particular organic, carbonate groups comprising repeating units may for example be a polycarbonate, that is a polyester thereof
  • Polymer back for example by means of condensation reaction linked, in particular esterified, carbonate groups form.
  • polymerized, in particular organic
  • Repeat units comprising carbonate groups also form a polymer of polymer backbone-forming structural units having, in particular, organic side groups containing carbonate groups.
  • the ionic conductivity of the polymer as a whole can be increased.
  • the formed polymer backing can itself comprise carbonate groups, for example a
  • polymer backbone forming unit - [A] - may comprise a unit having a polymer backbone structural unit and having a pendant group containing a carbonate group.
  • the side group containing the carbonate group can be attached to, for example, an atom of
  • Polymer back forming structural unit be tethered.
  • the side group containing the carbonate group can also be attached cyclically, for example in the form of a five-membered or six-membered or seven-membered ring, in particular five-membered, to the polymer backbone structural unit, in particular to two structural units of the polymer backbone.
  • a carbonate group can form a side group attached cyclically to the polymer backbone structural unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - may comprise a unit having a polymer backbone structural unit and a carbonate group, the carbonate group having a polymer backbone Structural unit forms cyclically attached side group.
  • the carbonate group may be attached to two atoms of the polymer backbone structural unit via two oxygen atoms and, for example (together with atoms of the polymer back-forming structural unit), form a five-membered or six-membered or seven-membered ring, in particular a five-membered ring.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - may be both monofunctionalized and polyfunctionalized, for example bifunctionalized, trifunctionalized or tetrafunctionalized, with the group Q attached via the spacer X.
  • a polyfunctionalized polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - in particular a polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - can be understood, which is functionalized with at least two groups Q, for example Q + and / or Q " and / or Q, in particular wherein in each case a group Q, for example Q + or Q " or Q, - optionally via a spacer X, in particular X x , - to the polymer back forming unit - [A] - is attached.
  • Polymer back forming unit - [A] - can xq thereby (in each case) for one
  • xq can be used for XQ, that is to say the or (in each case) a spacer X, in particular X x , and respectively or (each) a group Q,
  • the polymer backbone forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -X-Q) may be an alkylene oxide unit, for example
  • the polymer backbone forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) may comprise a repeating unit having a polymer backbone structural unit and having a carbonate group cyclically linked to the polymer backbone structural unit of general chemical formula: O
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) may be a siloxane unit of the general chemical formula: include, in particular wherein R is an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group.
  • R is an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) can be a siloxane unit of the general chemical formula: include or be.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -X-Q) may be a phosphazene unit of any chemical formula:
  • R ' is hydrogen or (preferably) an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) may be a methylmethacrylate unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -X-Q) may be a methacrylate unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) can be a phenylene unit of the general chemical formula:
  • polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - or the repeating unit ([A] -X-Q) may be an ethylene unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the polymer backbone forming unit may comprise - [A] -, (at least) one unit having a polymer backbone structural unit and having one pendant group containing a carbonate group. So can
  • the side group containing the carbonate group may, for example, be attached to an atom of the polymer backbone structural unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit may be - [A] -, (at least) one unit with a polymer backbone structural unit and a carbonate group which forms a side group cyclically bonded to the polymer backbone structural unit.
  • Carbonate group be connected via two oxygen atoms to two atoms of the polymer back forming structural unit and, for example (together with the polymer back-forming structural unit) form a five-membered or six-membered or seven-membered ring, in particular a five-membered ring.
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) one siloxane unit and / or one
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit may comprise - [A] - (at least) a siloxane unit and / or a phosphazene unit and / or a methyl methacrylate unit and / or a methacrylate unit.
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a methyl methacrylate unit and / or a
  • Methacrylate unit and / or a siloxane unit By phosphazenes and / or siloxanes can advantageously be achieved a low glass transition temperature of the polymer and thus a high ionic conductivity.
  • Methyl methacrylates and / or methacrylate can advantageously a
  • phenylene units can advantageously be achieved in addition to an electrical conductivity.
  • phenylene units or polyphenylenes can be easily substituted one or more times, for example sulfonated.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a polyfunctionalized, for example
  • polyfunctionalized for example tetrafunctionalized, phosphazene unit and / or polyfunctionalized, for example bifunctionalized
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a polyfunctionalized, for example
  • the polymer back-forming unit comprises - [A] - (at least) a polyfunctionalized, for example bifunctionalized, siloxane unit.
  • the polymer can advantageously be easily equipped with a plurality of groups Q.
  • the polymer back-forming unit is - [A] - - or the later-explained polymer back forming
  • Cathode active material such as a sulfur-carbon composite, for example, a sulfur-polymer composite, in particular a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, such as SPAN, and thus a loss of active material can be reduced or avoided and in this way the performance, cycle life and durability of a equipped lithium-sulfur cell or an energy system equipped therewith, For example, a lithium-sulfur battery can be improved.
  • a sulfur-carbon composite for example, a sulfur-polymer composite, in particular a sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite, such as SPAN
  • SPAN sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composite
  • Fluorination can also have a positive influence on the transfer number and in particular can increase the transfer number.
  • ethylene oxide units and / or propylene oxide units in particular ethylene oxide units, for example, oligo-alkylene oxide units, for example, oligo- ethylene oxide units and / or oligo-propylene oxide units, in particular oligo- ethylene oxide units, be.
  • ethylene oxide units and / or propylene oxide units in particular ethylene oxide units, for example, oligo-alkylene oxide units, for example, oligo- ethylene oxide units and / or oligo-propylene oxide units, in particular oligo- ethylene oxide units, be.
  • Polymer electrolytes in particular which is not or only partially based on unfluorinated polyethylene oxide, for example which is not based on unfluorinated polyethylene oxide or which is based on fluorinated, in particular perfluorinated, polyethylene oxide, can advantageously be used in comparison to the use of unfluorinated, ether-based
  • Liquid electrolytes such as dimethoxyethane (DM E) or dioxolane (DOL) and Mixtures thereof, - Reduced cathode-side polysulfide solubility can be achieved.
  • DM E dimethoxyethane
  • DOL dioxolane
  • the group Q in particular uncharged, represents a group, in particular a cyclic carbonate group, of the general chemical formula:
  • the group Q in particular uncharged, represents a group, in particular a lactone group, of the general chemical formula:
  • the group Q in particular uncharged, represents a group, in particular a cyclic carbamate group, of the general chemical formula:
  • group Q stands for a group, in particular an ethylene oxide group, of the general chemical formula:
  • ni V or n ! X stands for the number of ethylene oxide units and is in particular 1 ⁇ n ! V -5 15, for example 2 ⁇ n w ⁇ 6, or 1 ⁇ nix ⁇ 15, for example 2 ⁇ n ! X ⁇ 6.
  • the group Q in particular uncharged, represents a group, in particular an acyclic carbonate group, of the general chemical formula:
  • the, in particular uncharged, group Q is a group, in particular an acyclic
  • the group Q in particular uncharged, represents a group, in particular an acyclic carbamate group, of the general chemical formula:
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, is a group, in particular a pyridinium group, having all the following chemical formula:
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, stands for a group, in particular a quaternary one
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, is a group, in particular an imidazolium group, having all a chemical formula:
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, is a group, in particular a piperidinium group, of the general chemical formula:
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, is a group, in particular a pyrrolidinium group, having all the following chemical formula:
  • the group Q + in particular positively charged, stands for a group, in particular a quaternary one
  • Phosphonium group the general chemical formula:
  • Benzenesulfonylimide group for example a para-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide
  • group Q stands for a group, in particular a para-benzenesulfonate group, of the general chemical formula:
  • R.sup.210, R.sup.21, R.sup.12, Z.sup.21 and / or R.sup.24 independently of one another represent hydrogen and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched,
  • Alkyl group in particular with a chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16
  • Alkylene oxide for example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in particular oligo-alkylene, for example, oligo-ethylene oxide or oligo-propylene oxide group, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10
  • Repeating units and / or an especially substituted or unsubstituted benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group, in particular a ketone group, for example an alkylcarbonyl group, and / or a
  • Phosphonium group and / or a negatively charged group, for example based on a Leitsalzanions, in particular a lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example a
  • Sulfonylimide group and / or a sulfonate group, for example a
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group.
  • R20, R21 and / or R22 or R60, R61 and / or R62 can each independently of one another, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched,
  • Alkyl group in particular with a chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16
  • Alkylene oxide for example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in particular oligo-alkylene, for example, oligo-ethylene oxide or oligo-propylene oxide group, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10
  • Alkoxy group for example with a carbon chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16
  • unsubstituted phenylene oxide group for example oligo-phenylene oxide group, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeating units, and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, phenoxy group and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, phenylene group, for example Oligo-phenylene group, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeating units, and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, phenyl group and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, benzylene group, for example oligo-benzylene, in particular with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeating units, and / or one, in particular substituted or unsubstituted, benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group, in particular a ketone group, for example a
  • Phenylene group or a phenyl group or a benzylene group or an oligo-benzylene group or a benzyl group can be understood in the context of the present invention, in particular a respective group which may be both substituted and unsubstituted.
  • R 10 In the context of R 10, R 2, R 12, R 13, R 14, R 20, R 21 R 22, R 30, R 31, R 32, R 33, R 40, R 41, R 41 R 42, R 42 ', R 43, R 43', R 44, R 44 ', R 45, R 45 ', R50, R51, R51 ⁇ R52, R52', R53, R53 ', R54, R54', R60, R61, R62, R100, R101, R101 ', R110, Rill, Rill', R112, R112 ', R120, R120 ', R121, R121', R130, R130 ', R131,
  • R131 ', R132, R140, R150, R160, R170, R180, R180' R181, R181 ', R182, R200, R201, R202, R203, R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 may be a
  • Alkyl group or alkoxy for example, a
  • Carbon chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16 carbon atoms for example, a carbon chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 4 carbon atoms, and / or from> 4 to ⁇ 8 carbon atoms and / or from> 9 to ⁇ 13 carbon atoms.
  • an alkyl group may be a saturated alkyl group, for example the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a-CH 3 with 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 15.
  • RIO RH, R12, R13, R14, R20, R21 R22, R30, R31, R32, R33,
  • R40, R41, R41 ', R42, R42', R43, R43 ', R44, R44', R45, R45 ', R50, R51, R51', R52, R52 ', R53, R53', R54, R54 ', R60 , R61, R62, R100, R101, R101 ', R110, Rill, Rill', R112, R112 ', R120, R120', R121, R121 ', R130, R130', R131, R131 ', R132, R140, R150, R160, R170, R180, R180 'R181, R181', R182, R200, R201, R202, R203, R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 may be a
  • Alkylene oxide for example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in particular oligo-alkylene, for example, oligo-ethylene oxide or oligo-propylene oxide, or a phenylene oxide group, for example, oligo-phenylene oxide, or a
  • Phenylene group for example, oligo-phenylene group, or a
  • Benzylene group for example oligo-benzylene group, for example> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 10 repeating units, for example> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 4
  • Alkylene oxide unit the general chemical formula: - [CH 2 -CH 2 -0-] b with 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 10, for example 1 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 4, have.
  • R10 In the context of R10, R, R12, R13, R14, R20, R21, R22, R30, R31, R32, R33, R40, R41, R41 ', R42, R42', R43, R43 ', R44, R44', R45, R45 ', R50, R51, R51', R52, R52 ', R53, R53', R54, R54 ', R60, R61, R62, R100, R101, R101', R110, Rill, Rill ', R112, R112' R120, R120 ', R121, R121', R130, R130 ', R131,
  • R131 ', R132, R140, R150, R160, R170, R180, R180' R181, R181 ', R182, R200, R201, R202, R203, R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 are also known as R131 ', R132, R140, R150, R160, R170, R180, R180' R181, R181 ', R182, R200, R201, R202, R203, R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 are also
  • an alkyl-alkylene oxide group for example an alkyl-oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example of the general chemical formula: H3C- (CH 2 ) ai * - [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] bi * - with 0 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 15, in particular 0 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 3, and 1 ⁇ b1 * ⁇ 10, in particular 1 ⁇ or 2 ⁇ b1 * ⁇ 4, or an alkyl-alkylene-alkyl group, for example an alkyl-oligo Alkylene-alkyl-alkyl group, or an alkoxy-alkylene oxide group, for example alkoxy-oligo-alkylene oxide group, or an alkoxy-alkylene-alkyl group, for example alkoxy-oligo-alkylene-alkyl group, for example general chemical formula: ⁇ 3 0- ( ⁇ 2) 3 2 * -0- [ ⁇ 2- ⁇ 2-0 ⁇ 2 * - ( ⁇ 2)
  • R100, R101 and / or R101 'or R110, Rill, Rill', R112 and / or R112 ' for example R110, Rill and / or Rill', or R120, R120 ', R121 and / or R121' or R130, R130 ', R131 and / or R131' or R150 or R180, R180 'R181, R181' and / or R182 or RIO, RH, R13 and / or R14 or R30, R32 and / or R33 or R41, R41 ', R42, R42 ', R43, R43', R44, R44 ', R45 and / or R45' or R51, R51 ', R52, R52', R53, R53 ', R54 and / or R54' or R200, R201, R202 and / or R203 or R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 each independently of one another
  • Phenylene group in particular an oligo-phenylene group, and / or a phenyl group and / or a benzylene group, in particular an oligobenzylene group, and / or a benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbonate group, and / or one, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic,
  • Carbonkladesteroli in particular a lactone group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbamate group and / or a charged group, for example a positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example a quaternary ammonium group and / or a quaternary phosphonium group, and / or a negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, in particular lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, and / or a sulfonate group, for example a sulfonylimide group and / or a sulfonate group, for example a
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or a Lithiumiumsulfonatition stand for example, R41, R41 ⁇ R42, R42 ', R43, R43', R44, R44 ', R45 and / or R45', R51, R51 ', R52, R52', R53, R53 ', R54 and / or R54', respectively. or R100, R101 and / or R101 'or R110, Rill, Rill', R112 and / or R112 'or R120, R120', R121 and / or R121 'or R130, R130', R131, R131 'and / or R132
  • Thiouroniumoli for example, a quaternary ammonium group and / or a quaternary phosphonium group, are.
  • the ionic conductivity can optionally be further improved.
  • R200, R201, R202 and / or R203 or R210, R211, R212, 213 and / or R214 for a negatively charged group
  • a lead salt anion in particular lithium lead salt anion, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example a sulfonylimide group, and / or a sulfonate group, for example a lithium sulfonylimide group and / or a lithium sulfonate group.
  • R200, R201, R202 and R203 or R210, R211, R212, 213 and R214 for example, at least two or three of the radicals R200, R201, R202 and R203 or R210, R211, R212, 213 and R214, if appropriate, all radicals R200, R201, R202 and R203 or R210, R211, R212, 213 and R214, respectively, for a negatively charged group, in particular based on a lead salt anion,
  • lithium Leitsalzanions and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example a sulfonylimide group, and / or a
  • R132 or R140 or R160 or R170 or R12 or R20, R21 and R22 or R31 or R40 or R50 or R60, R61 and R62 can each independently of one another represent an alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligoalkylene oxide group, and / or a Alkoxy group and / or a phenylene oxide group, in particular an oligophenylene oxide group, and / or a phenoxy group and / or a
  • Phenylene group in particular an oligo-phenylene group, and / or a phenyl group and / or a benzylene group, in particular an oligobenzylene group, and / or a benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group and / or a, especially cyclic and / or acyclic, carbonate group and / or one, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic,
  • Carbonkladesteroli in particular a lactone group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbamate group.
  • R132 may in particular be a or, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbonate group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carboxylic acid ester group, in particular a lactone group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbamate group and / or an alkyl group, in particular a methyl group or an ethyl group, for example a methyl group.
  • the ion conductivity can be further improved.
  • R20 and / or R21 or R60 and / or R61 or R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 may in particular be an alkyl group, for example a methyl group or an ethyl group, in particular a methyl group, and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligoalkylene oxide group, stand.
  • an alkyl group for example a methyl group or an ethyl group, in particular a methyl group, and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligoalkylene oxide group, stand.
  • a short-chain alkyl group such as a methyl group, the polymer can advantageously be optimized with regard to its ion-conducting function.
  • halogenation in particular fluorination, advantageously, the polarity of the polymer can be influenced and so the solubility of polysulfides by the polymer, in particular by
  • Alkylene oxide groups possibly reduced, resulting in a
  • Composite bonded sulfur for example sulfur-polyacrylonitrile composites, for example a SPAN composite, can be particularly advantageous as a cathode material.
  • radicals RIO, R, R, R12 and / or R14 or R20, R21 and / or R22 or R30, R31, R32 and / or R33 or R40, R41, R41 ', R42, R42 ', R43, R43', R44, R44 ', R45 and / or R45' respectively
  • R210, R21 1, R212, 213 and / or R214 having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example one, in particular quaternary, Ammonium group and / or one, in particular quaternary,
  • Phosphonium group and / or having at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example having at least one sulfonylimide group, for example
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or substituted with at least one sulfonate group, for example, lithium sulfonate group.
  • the ionic conductivity in particular by lonendissociation or Gegenionsolvatmaschine, for example, Lithiumionensolvatmaschine be further increased.
  • R20 R21 and / or R22 or R30, R31, R32 and / or R33 or R40, R41, R41 ', R42, R42', R43, R43 ', R44, R44', R45 and / or R45 'or R50, R51, R51 ', R52, R52', R53, R53 ', R54 and / or R54' or R60, R61 and / or R62 substituted with at least one positively charged group or R200,
  • R201, R202 and / or R203 or R210, R21 1, R212, 213 and / or R214 be substituted with at least one negatively charged group, for example which in particular as above, in particular in the context of connected via the spacer X groups Q + and Q " , in particular Q " , explained can be configured.
  • radicals RIO, R, R, R12 and / or R14 or R20, R21 and / or R22 or R30, R31, R32 and / or R33 or R40, R41, R41 ', R42, R42 ', R43, R43', R44, R44 ', R45 and / or R45' respectively
  • R210, R21 1, R212, 213 and / or R214 having at least one oxygen-containing group, for example alkoxy group and / or
  • Alkylene oxide group for example oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example oligo- Ethylene oxide group and / or oligo-propylene oxide group, and / or
  • Ketone group for example alkylcarbonyl group, and / or
  • Lonenleitread be further increased, since - in particular Oligo- Alkylenoxid phenomenon, such as oligo-ethylene oxide groups, - offer a possibility among other things, the glass transition temperature of the polymer or
  • Aromatic groups such as phenylene groups and benzylene groups, advantageously offer several substitution positions which are charged with
  • Groups and / or oxygen-containing groups can be substituted, and thus in particular to optimize the ion conductivity.
  • R110 Rill, Rill ', R112 and / or R112' or R120, R120 ', R121 and / or R121' or R130, R130 ', R131 and / or R131' or R150 or R180, R180 'R181, respectively,
  • R181 'and / or R182 or R200, R201, R202 and / or R203 or R210, R21 1, R212, 213 and / or R214 may therefore each independently be hydrogen and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a
  • Cations of an ionic liquid for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Alkyl group and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group,
  • a cation of an ionic liquid for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one Lithiumsulfonylimid michleite and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or with at least one oxygen-containing group-substituted alkylene oxide group, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide group, in particular oligo-alkylene oxide, for example oligo-ethylene oxide or oligopropylene oxide, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or with at least one positively charged group, in particular on the basis of a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Phenylene oxide group for example oligo-phenylene oxide, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group , substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Phenoxy group and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged
  • Group in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the basis of Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or a Anions of an ionic
  • Liquid for example, with at least one lithium sulfonylimide and / or lithium sulfonate, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group phenylene group, for example, oligo-phenylene group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged
  • Group in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the basis of Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or a Anions of an ionic
  • Liquid for example, with at least one lithium sulfonylimide and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group phenyl group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular on Base of a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Benzylene group for example oligo-benzylene group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of a ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Liquid for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbonate group, and / or one, partially or completely
  • halogenated in particular fluorinated, and / or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the Base of a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic
  • Liquid for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carboxylic acid ester group, in particular a lactone group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the basis of Leitsalzanions, for example lithium -Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or substituted by at least one oxygen-containing group, in particular cyclic and
  • R40 or R50 or R60, R61 and / or R62 or R132 or R140 or R160 or R170 can therefore each independently of one another for one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group,
  • lithium Leitsalzanions for example, lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide and / or Lithiumulfonatrios, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group alkyl group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Alkylene oxide for example, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, in particular oligo-alkylene, for example, oligo-ethylene oxide or oligo-propylene oxide, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, especially fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide and / or lithium sulfonate, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group alkoxy group and / or a , partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a
  • Leitsalzanions for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Phenylene oxide group for example oligo-phenylene oxide, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group , substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the
  • Leitsalzanions for example, lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example, with at least one lithium sulfonylimide and / or lithium sulfonate, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • Lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate group substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group
  • Benzylene group for example oligo-benzylene group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and / or having at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary
  • Ammonium group and / or phosphonium group substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular based on a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one
  • halogenated in particular fluorinated, and / or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the Base of a Leitsalzanions, for example lithium Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic
  • Liquid for example with at least one lithium sulfonylimide group and / or lithium sulfonate, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carboxylic acid ester group, in particular a lactone group, and / or one, partially or fully halogenated, in particular fluorinated, and or with at least one positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one quaternary ammonium group and / or phosphonium group, substituted and / or with at least one negatively charged group, in particular on the basis of Leitsalzanions, for example lithium -Leitsalzanions, and / or an anion of an ionic liquid, for example with at least one lithium sulfonyl imide group and / or lithium sulfonate group, substituted and / or substituted with at least one oxygen-containing group, in particular cycli and
  • RIO RH, R13 and / or R14 or R30, R32 and / or R33 or R41, R41 ', R42, R42', R43, R43 ', R44, R44', R45 and / or R45 'or R51, R51' , R52, R52 ', R53, R53', R54 and / or R54 'or R200, R201, R202 and / or R203
  • R.sup.210, R.sup.211, R.sup.1212, Z.sup.23 and / or R.sup.24 independently of one another represent hydrogen and / or a halogen atom, in particular fluorine, or an alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, and / or an alkoxy group and / or a
  • Phenylene oxide group in particular oligo-phenylene oxide group, and / or a phenoxy group and / or a phenylene group, in particular oligo-phenylene group, and / or a phenyl group and / or a benzylene group, in particular oligo-benzylene group, and / or a benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group and or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbonate group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carboxylic acid ester group, in particular a lactone group, and / or a, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, carbamate group and / or a charged group , for example a positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example a quaternary ammonium group and / or a quaternary phosphonium group,
  • R22 or R31 or R40 or R50 or R60, R61 and R62 each independently represent an alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, and / or an alkoxy group and / or a
  • Phenylene oxide group in particular oligo-phenylene oxide group, and / or a
  • Phenoxy group and / or a phenylene group in particular an oligo-phenylene group, and / or a phenyl group and / or a benzylene group, in particular oligo-benzylene group, and / or a benzyl group and / or a carbonyl group and / or one, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic, Carbonate group and / or one, in particular cyclic and / or acyclic,
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer comprises at least a cyclic carbonate based repeating unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the at least one polymer has at least one cyclic carbamate-based repeat unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the at least one polymer at least one recurring unit based on an alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, of the general chemical formula:
  • ni V or n w stands for the number of ethylene oxide units.
  • the at least one polymer at least one recurring unit based on an acyclic carbonate of the general chemical formula:
  • the at least one polymer has at least one recurring unit based on an acyclic carboxylic acid ester of the general chemical formula:
  • the at least one polymer has at least one recurring unit based on an acyclic carbamate of the general chemical formula:
  • xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii or xix stands for the number, in particular the presence or the absence, of the (respective) spacer.
  • xi, xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, xviii or xix can be 1 or 0, for example 1.
  • X ) can be used, for example, as related with the
  • R181, R181 ', R182 and / or R170 may also be configured as explained above.
  • X may be, for example, one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated,
  • Alkylene spacers for example of the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a i- with 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 10, for example with 1 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 4, and / or one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated,
  • Alkylenoxidspacer for example Oligo-Alkylenoxidspacer, in particular (oligo-
  • Repeating units for example the general chemical formula: - CH 2 - [CH 2 -CH 2 -O] b i-CH 2 - with 1 ⁇ b 1 ⁇ 10, for example with 2 ⁇ b 1 ⁇ 4, and / or the general chemical formula: - [CH 2 -CH 2 -0-] b, 1 ⁇ b ⁇ 10, for example, with 2 ⁇ b ⁇ 4, and / or - (CH 2 ) a 2 -O- [CH 2 -CH 2 -O-] b 2- (CH 2 ) a 2 - with 1 ⁇ a 2 ⁇ 3, 1 ⁇ b 2 ⁇ 10, in particular 1 ⁇ b2 ⁇ 4, and 1 ⁇ a2 ' ⁇ 3, and / or a charged group, for example a positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example a pyridinium group and / or a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a negatively charged group,
  • Base of a cation of an ionic liquid for example a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a negatively charged group, for example a sulfonylimide group and / or sulfonate group, substituted benzylene group, and / or a ketone group, for example alkylcarbonyl group stands.
  • R130, R130 ', R131, R13V and / or R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 or R180, R180' R181, R181 'and / or R182 can each independently of one another denote hydrogen or one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched,
  • halogenated, in particular fluorinated, alkyl group for example the general chemical formula: - (CH 2) a i * -CH 3 with 0 ⁇ or 1 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 10, for example with 0 ⁇ or 1 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 3 , and / or one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched,
  • alkylene oxide group for example an ethylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group,
  • a charged group for example a positively charged group, in particular based on a cation of an ionic liquid, for example a pyridinium group and / or a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a negatively charged group, for example, a sulfonylimide group and / or sulfonate group, and / or a
  • Phenylene group for example one, having at least one alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or a charged group, for example a positively charged group, for example a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a negatively charged group, for example a sulfonylimide group and / or sulfonate group, substituted
  • Phenylene group, and / or a benzylene group for example one, having at least one alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or a charged group, for example a positively charged group, for example a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a negatively charged Group, for example, a sulfonylimide group and / or
  • Sulfonate group substituted benzylene group, and / or a ketone group, for example, alkylcarbonyl group.
  • R120, R120 ', R121 and / or R121' or R130, R130 ', R131, R13V and / or R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 or R180, R180' R181, R181 'and / or R182 - optionally all radicals R100, R101 and / or R101 or R110, Rill, Rill ', R112 and / or R112' or R120, R120 ', R121 and / or R121' or R130, R130 ', R131, R13V and / or R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 or R180, R180 'R181, R181' and / or R182 - for different groups,
  • alkyl groups and / or oligo-alkylene oxide for example, with different length and / or substitution and / or degree of saturation and / or degree of branching and / or degree of halogenation, in particular degree of fluorination, are.
  • R100, R101 and / or R101 or R110, Rill, Rill ', R112 and / or R112' or R120, R120 ', R121 and / or R121' or R130, R130 ', R131, R131' and / or R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 or R180, R180 'R181, R181' and / or R182 each independently of one another represent hydrogen or a methyl group or an ethyl group or one, in particular saturated,
  • R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 may in particular be an alkyl group, for example a methyl group or ethyl group, in particular a methyl group, and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular oligoalkylene oxide group.
  • an alkyl group for example a methyl group or ethyl group, in particular a methyl group, and / or an alkylene oxide group, in particular oligoalkylene oxide group.
  • R132 or R140 or R150 or R160 or R170 may be a methyl group.
  • Alkyl group for example, a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group, is, for example, the general chemical formula:
  • R ' is hydrogen or (preferably) an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group, and / or a siloxane Alkylene oxide unit, for example, a siloxane-ethylene oxide unit, for example, the general chemical formula:
  • xq denotes the connection point (s) or stands for XQ.
  • xq denotes the connection point (s) or stands for XQ.
  • Polymethyl methacrylates may advantageously be comparatively easily synthetically accessible.
  • V ] -, - [A v ] -, - [A V J- - [AVII] -, - [Avil,] -, - [ ⁇ , ⁇ ] -, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ- [AJ-, - [AJ- [AJ-, - [A f ] -, - [AJ- or - [A Z J- can be used, for example, for an alkylene oxide unit, for example an ethylene oxide unit and / or a propylene oxide unit Unit, in particular for an ethylene oxide unit, and / or an alkylene unit and / or a unit comprising a carbonate group and / or a unit
  • Methacrylate unit and / or a methyl methacrylate unit and / or a siloxane unit and / or a phosphazene unit and / or a phenylene unit for example a phenylene oxide unit, and / or a benzylene unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit is - [A] -, - [A,] -, - [An] -, - [A m ] -, - [A, V ] -, - [A v ] - , - [A V i] -, - [A V n] -, - [A V in] -, - [A, x ] -, - [AJ-, - [A b ] -, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [A f ] -, - [AJ- or - [A Z J- for one
  • polyfunctionalized for example bifunctionalized, trifunctionalized or tetrafunctionalized, polymer back forming unit.
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit is - [A] -, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [A M J-, - [A, J-, - [AJ-, - [A V J-, - [AviJ-, - [AvnJ-, - [AiJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [A f ] - , - [AJ- or - [A Z J- or the repeating unit ([A] -XQ) for a polyfunctionalized, for example bifunctionalized or
  • R ' may be in particular hydrogen or (preferably) an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R140 acyclic carbonate group, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R150 acyclic carboxylic acid ester group, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R160 acyclic carbamate group, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R170 acyclic carbamate group, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with RIO, RH, R12, R13 and R14 pyridinium, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R20, R21 and R22 ammonium group, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R30, R31, R32 and R33 imidazolium, in particular that of all chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can each be a with R40, R41, R41 ⁇ R42, R42 ', R43, R43', R44, R44 ', R45 and R45' substituted piperidinium, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case one with R50, R51, R51 ', R52, R52', R53, R53 ', R54 and R54' substituted P rrolidinium distr, in particular those of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R60, R61 and R62 phosphonium, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can in each case a substituted with R200, R201, R202 and R203 benzenesulfonate, in particular that of the general chemical formula:
  • Respectively at the attachment sites xq can each be a substituted with R210, R211, R212, 213 and R214 para-benzenesulfonylimide group, for example a para-Trifluormethansulfonylimid-benzene group, in particular the general chemical formula:
  • X ] - can - as well as the polymer back-forming units - [AJ-, - [A b ] -, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [AJ-, - [A e ] -, - [A f ] -, - [A z ] - and / or - [A Z J- of the specific embodiments explained below, an alkylene oxide Unit, for example an ethylene oxide unit, for example the general chemical formula:
  • Unit for example an ethylene unit and / or propylene unit, for example of the general chemical formula:
  • Alkyl group for example, a methyl, ethyl and / or Pro yl group, for
  • Example, a methyl group is, for example, and / or a
  • Phos hazen unit for example the general chemical formula:
  • R ' is hydrogen or (preferably) an alkyl group, for example a methyl, ethyl and / or propyl group, for example a methyl group, and / or a siloxane-alkylene oxide unit, for example a siloxane-ethylene oxide Unit, for example the general chemical formula: and / or a phenylene unit, in particular a polyphenylene, for example a para-polyphenylene, for example with ether function, for example of the general chemical formula:
  • xq denotes the attachment site (s) or stands for XQ.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer comprises at least one pyridinium-based repeat unit of the general chemical formula:
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [AJ- can be designed, for example, as described in connection with the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] - illustrated.
  • RIO, RH, R12, R13 and / or R14 may, for example, also be configured as explained above.
  • Z " can be used in particular for perchlorate and / or trifluoromethanesulfonate and / or tetrafluoroborate and / or bisoxalatoborate and / or
  • (X a ) can be used in particular for one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated, alkylene spacer,
  • R12 stands in particular for one, in particular saturated or
  • an oligo-alkylene oxide group for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group, in particular with> 1 to ⁇ 10 repeat units, for example with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 5 repeat units, and / or a further positively charged group, for example a further pyridinium group and / or a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a phenylene group, for example one, having at least one alkyl group and / or a
  • Alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or another positively charged group for example a quaternary ammonium group, substituted phenylene group, and / or a benzylene group, for example one having at least one alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or another positively charged group, for example, a quaternary ammonium group, substituted benzylene group, and / or a ketone group, for example, alkylcarbonyl group.
  • R 12 may represent a saturated alkyl group, in particular having a chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 16
  • R12 can be for a saturated
  • R 10, R 1, R 13 and / or R 14 may each independently be hydrogen or one, in particular saturated or
  • unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated, alkyl group for example the general chemical formula: - (CH 2 ) a i * -CH 3 with 1 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 15, for example with 1 ⁇ a1 * ⁇ 3, for example a methyl group or an ethyl group, and / or a, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated, alkylene oxide group, for example an ethylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group , in particular with> 1 to ⁇ 10 repeat units, for example with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 5 repeat units, and / or a further positively charged group, for example a further pyridinium group and / or a quaternary ammonium group, and / or a phenylene group, for example a, with at least
  • radicals RIO, RH, R12, R13 and R14 for example, at least two, for example at least three, of the radicals RIO, RH, R12, R13 and R14, optionally all radicals RIO, RH, R12, R13 and R14, for different groups, for example alkyl groups and / or oligo-alkylene oxide, for Example with different length and / or substitution and / or
  • Saturation degree and / or degree of branching and / or halogenation, in particular degree of fluorination, are.
  • the at least one polymer electrolyte or the at least one polymer comprises at least one ammonium-based repeat unit of the general formula:
  • the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A b ] - may, for example, be designed as described in connection with the polymer backbone-forming unit - [A] -.
  • the spacers (X) can be designed, for example, as explained in connection with the spacer X.
  • R20, R21 and / or R22 may also be configured as explained above.
  • Z " can be used in particular for perchlorate and / or trifluoromethanesulfonate and / or tetrafluoroborate and / or bisoxalatoborate and / or
  • X.sup.b may in this case be, in particular, one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, for example partially or completely halogenated, in particular fluorinated, alkylene spacer,
  • ⁇ 12 for example a methyl group or an ethyl group, and / or one, in particular saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched,
  • alkylene oxide group for example an ethylene oxide group, in particular an oligo-alkylene oxide group, for example an oligo-ethylene oxide group, in particular with> 1 to ⁇ 10 repeat units, for example with> 1 or> 2 to ⁇ 5 repeat units, and or another positively charged group, for example a pyridinium group and / or a quaternary group
  • Ammonium group, and / or a phenylene group for example a, with at least one alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or another positively charged group, for example a quaternary ammonium group, substituted phenylene group, and / or a benzylene group, for example a, with at least one alkyl group and / or an alkylene oxide group and / or an alkoxy group and / or another positively charged group, for example a quaternary ammonium group, substituted benzylene group, and / or a ketone group, for example alkylcarbonyl group.
  • radicals R20, R21 and R22 for example, at least two of the radicals R20, R21 and R22, if appropriate all radicals R20, R21 and R22, for different groups, for example alkyl groups and / or oligo- Alkylenoxid phenomenon, for example with different lengths and / or
  • R 20 and R 21 are identical or different, especially saturated, alkyl groups having a chain length of> 1 to ⁇ 4 carbon atoms, for example a methyl group, and R 22 is an, especially saturated, alkyl group having a chain length of> 9 to

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