Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
  • D06P1/673—Inorganic compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
  • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
  • D06B3/18—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics combined with squeezing, e.g. in padding machines
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
  • D06B9/00—Solvent-treatment of textile materials
  • D06B9/02—Solvent-treatment of textile materials solvent-dyeing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
  • D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
  • D06M11/59—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with ammonia; with complexes of organic amines with inorganic substances
  • D06M11/61—Liquid ammonia
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
  • D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
  • D06P1/81—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dyes dissolved in inorganic solvents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
  • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic

Definitions

• the present invention concerns a method and the corresponding apparatus for carrying out dyeing and finishing treatments using a solution of dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia.
• the invention is applied on fabrics, non-woven fabrics, knitwear and yarns, to dye and in general to improve the characteristics of the product.
• the quality of the fabrics is improved due to the fact that ammonia exerts a swelling effect on the cellulose fibers, with a crystalline orientation of the cellulose, without causing damage to the structure of the fiber.
• the small molecule of liquid ammonia does not only penetrate into the amorphous zones, but also into the crystalline zones of the cellulose, breaking the hydrogen bonds so that the fiber can swell entirely.
• the cellulose which was originally type I transforms, in a certain percentage, into type III cellulose.
• the conversion of the cellulose from type I to type III occurs in a progressively bigger percentage in proportion with an increased impregnation time in liquid ammonia.
• the method of dyeing with dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia has the advantage that it eliminates all the problems correlated to the quality of the water, its consumption and subsequent purification.
• the method also eliminates numerous auxiliary products and chemical products such as wetting agents, electrolytes, softeners, carriers, retardants and equalizers.
• Purpose of the present invention is to obtain an industrial method for dyeing textile materials, and a corresponding apparatus, in which the dyeing is carried out with an ammonia solution containing the dyes; the method combines the benefits of fixing guaranteed by the liquid ammonia with a drastic saving in dyes, auxiliaries, water and steam of the dyeing process.
• the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
• the method for dyeing and simultaneously finishing textile material with an ammonia solution containing dyes dissolved therein provides the following steps:
• the step of preparing the ammonia solution also comprises a control of the percentage of water with respect to the total weight of the solution containing liquid ammonia and water;
• the textile material upon exit from the processing machine, is subjected to a steaming cycle.
• steaming can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, or high pressure in a pad steam steamer, with saturated or superheated water vapor, to fix the dyes to the textile fibers definitively.
• the textile material is subjected to a washing cycle with water and possibly with soaping to remove the minimal percentage of dyes not fixed to the fibers.
• the ammonia solution with the dyes also comprises a quantity of caustic hydrate, chosen for example from sodium hydrate, potassium hydrate or lithium hydrate.
• the ammonia solution with the dyes also comprises a quantity of sodium carbonate.
• the ammonia solution with the dyes also comprises a quantity of distilled water.
• the ammonia solution is prepared separately from the processing machine, in one or more tanks.
• the process can be applied continuously or discontinuously with the medium kept at atmospheric pressure, or at an adjustable pressure lower than atmospheric pressure, or again at an adjustable pressure higher than atmospheric pressure.
• the dyes used can be selected from the class of reactive dyes, direct dyes, dispersed dyes, and to a lesser extent the class of sulfur dyes, acid dyes, metalized acid dyes and also vat dyes if previously reduced.
• the dyes used can be in the form of powder, or liquid form already dissolved in water.
• the humidity can vary depending on the origin of the fiber, the count of the yarns, the weight and type of article and other parameters.
• the humidity can also vary between the center and sides of a fabric, or between the start and end of the same piece.
• the humidity can also be distributed non-uniformly through the fabric.
• ammonia molecule penetrating inside the cellulose fiber, causes it to swell and consequently also to shorten.
• the dyed fabric can have different intensities of color between the center and the selvages, or between the start and end of the article, which phenomenon is due to the irregular thickening of the material, generated by non-homogeneous shrinkages in various points of the fabric.
• the humidity is adjusted and distributed uniformly throughout the textile material, because with every variation thereof during the dyeing step, the concentration of the dyes dissolved in the liquid ammonia will vary directly on the fibers, so that then there will be a corresponding different intensity of color in different zones of the textile.
• the textile material before being impregnated with the ammonia solution, the textile material is dried so as to have a predetermined percentage of humidity, homogeneously distributed.
• the textile material can be dried using a dryer installed opposite the dyeing machine or, alternatively, by using a rameuse.
• the percentage of water, monitored by a humidity detector, to be left on the textile material, is adjustable and can vary from article to article. In general, in cellulose fibers and fibers of animal origin, it has been found that a humidity of about 4-5% with respect to their dry weight is advantageous.
• Removing the water from a cellulose textile material containing a lot of water, or water not distributed uniformly, so as to obtain a percentage of residual humidity of 4%-5% with respect to its dry weight, is a rapid and relatively simple process: on the contrary, the evaporation of the last percentage of water still present in the heart of the textile fibers is a process that takes time.
• the residual humidity will be about 0.5 - 1%, again with respect to the dry weight of the textile material.
• the ammonia dyeing solution can be prepared in one or more tanks serving the processing machine; the temperature of the solution must always be kept low, around its temperature of liquefaction of - 30°C/- 36°C, if working at atmospheric pressure, ready to be introduced, in the machine, into the zone where the textile is impregnated.
• the ammonia dyeing solution based on the dyes, can include:
• the caustic hydrate can be sodium hydrate, potassium hydrate or lithium hydrate;
• the overall percentage of water that is, the humidity inside the fiber and the water in the ammonia dyeing solution (possible distilled water added to the solution, water in the possible dye and water in the caustic hydrate), should not exceed the maximum value of 20% with respect to the total weight of the solution containing liquid ammonia and water; the value, predetermined and monitored during the treatment cycle, is chosen as a function of the fibers and the dyes to be dissolved in the solution.
• the percentage of water in the solution can be monitored, for example, by an electronic densimeter; at atmospheric pressure, for example, 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram, while 1 liter of liquid ammonia weighs 0.682 kilograms.
• the textile material before being dyed with the ammonia solution, is subjected to a treatment with a water solution containing caustic hydrate and possibly carbonate, before being subsequently dried, leaving on the textile the pre-set percentage of humidity containing the salts cited above.
• the percentage of caustic hydrate at 50 Baume can be increased to about 5-10% of the total solution.
• fig. 1 shows schematically a dyeing and finishing apparatus for textile articles according to the present invention.
• a dyeing and finishing apparatus for a textile article is indicated in general and in its entirety by the reference number 10 in the attached drawing.
• It comprises a processing machine 1 1 in which, in this case, there is a vat 12 containing a solution of dyes dissolved in liquid ammonia, indicated by 13.
• a textile material 14, prepared with a predetermined humidity, is introduced through safety seals 15 inside the processing machine 1 1, ready to be dyed by immersion in the solution of dyes and liquid ammonia.
• the textile material 14 is dried by two heated cylinders 16a and 16b, and then cooled by a cooled cylinder 17, which lowers its temperature.
• the percentage of humidity still on the textile material 14 is monitored by a humidity detector 18; in the case of cellulose fibers, or fibers of animal origin, the residual humidity is advantageously kept at 4-5% with respect to the dry weight of the textile.
• the value of residual humidity at exit from the drying unit can be different from the one indicated above.
• the textile material 14 is then taken to be immersed in the vat 12, to be impregnated with the solution of dyes and liquid ammonia.
• the textile material 14 is kept mechanically constrained between a first tensioner roll 19, disposed inside the processing machine 1 1 in proximity to its entrance, and a second tensioner roll 23, disposed inside the processing machine 1 1 in proximity to its exit.
• a second roll 20 is partly immersed in the solution of dyes and liquid ammonia and determines the path of the textile material 14 inside the vat 12, and a third roll 21 , motorized, disposed at exit from the vat 12, cooperates with a squeezer roll 22 to perform a first removal of the excess dyeing solution from the textile material 14.
• the small molecule of ammonia penetrates quickly inside the amorphous zones and crystalline zones of the cellulose, carrying the dye and the hydrate with it; the penetration is further facilitated by the swelling of the fiber, due to the humidity still present inside the fiber.
• impregnation takes place inside the vat 12 for a time that is generally about 2-3 seconds.
• the adjustable pick-up of about 80-100% of ammonia solution to be left uniformly distributed is an optimum value to prevent the deformation of the fibers which, during squeezing, are in a swollen and plastic condition.
• the textile material 14 is subjected to a drying cycle in which all the ammonia present is evaporated, so as to leave on the fibers only the dye, the caustic hydrate and a minimum quantity of water.
• the total evaporation of the ammonia is obtained by direct contact of the textile material 14 against the surface of a series of heated cylinders 24 at a preset temperature and disposed one after the other, advantageously all in contact with each other.
• the percentage of water present in the fiber is also heated to a temperature of about 100°C, so that the dyes deposited on the textile material 14 are chemically pre-fixed or fixed to the fibers.
• the fixing of the reactive dyes to the cellulose fibers, in the presence of the hydrate is due to the raising of the temperature of the water present in the fibers and to the raising of the temperature of the dyes and fibers themselves.
• the ammonia gases, and the possible water vapors taken in from the dryer by a plurality of suction units 25, can then be conveyed to a pre-condenser to be subsequently condensed, by a chiller unit, to the liquid state.
• the ammonia gases can be subsequently condensed again to the liquid state in a known manner: the liquid ammonia thus obtained will be ready again for another use.
• the textile material 14, dry and dyed is made to exit from the processing machine through the safety seals 1 15.
• the working pressure inside the processing machine 1 1 is preferably kept in a condition of slight depression, to prevent leakages of ammonia into the work place; in variant solutions, the pressure can also be kept at atmospheric pressure or in a condition of adjustable pressure higher than atmospheric pressure in the case of a discontinuous machine kept totally closed.
• the textile material 14 can be subjected to a steaming cycle, performed, in the solution shown, inside a steaming machine 26.
• the steaming machine 26 can be the pad steam type, with saturated water vapor or superheated steam.
• the steaming cycle can be carried out for a determinate time at atmospheric pressure or possibly under pressure conditions.
• the dyed textile material 14 is impregnated with a water solution containing the caustic hydrate and possibly carbonate, and is then steamed in the steamer where the dyes are fixed to the fibers.
• the reduced percentage of dyes not fixed to the fibers are preferably removed by a washing cycle, performed in a washing machine 27 which in this case comprises a first washing machine 28 with hot water, and possibly soaping, then followed by the final washing in a second washing machine 29.
• the washing time is short and the water consumption is extremely limited, even in the case of cellulose fibers dyed with reactive dyes, since the percentage of dyes not fixed to the fibers is minimal.
• the dyeing of the yarns with an ammonia solution of dyes must be carried out from beam to beam, that is, from a beam that unwinds the textile disposed at entrance to the processing machine 1 1, to a beam that winds the dyed textile disposed at exit from the processing machine 1 1 : that is to say, the yarns are kept adjacent and wound around suitably sized beams.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Coloring (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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• 2015
  • 2015-06-08 TR TR2018/09372T patent/TR201809372T4/tr unknown
  • 2015-06-08 CN CN201580033279.6A patent/CN106460310B/zh active Active
  • 2015-06-08 EP EP15736623.8A patent/EP3152358B1/de active Active
  • 2015-06-08 JP JP2016571185A patent/JP2017523314A/ja active Pending
  • 2015-06-08 WO PCT/IB2015/054309 patent/WO2015186115A1/en active Application Filing

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