EP3147406B1 - Measuring system and method for compression control and computer program with a program code for execution of the method - Google Patents

Description

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for compaction control, a measuring system for compaction control and a compaction or rolling device with a corresponding measuring system. In general, the invention is in the field of roll / roll devices and full-coverage compaction control (FDVK) of rolls.

In the FDVK, the compaction state of each square meter of the compacted area is measured and documented. For this purpose, measurements are carried out continuously during the compaction process. The roller driver can read the current result directly on a display unit arranged in the driver's cab and immediately hand over a FDVK protocol to the construction management or construction control. In addition, stored areas and individual tracks can be retrieved at any time in the roller. This allows, for example, an inspection of areas by the construction management or external monitoring directly on site or quick decisions on how to proceed.

The FDVK presupposes a compaction meter arranged on the roller or on the compacting device as well as a calculation unit for the storage, analysis, documentation and representation of the measured values. The compaction meter can be, for example, a sensor (acceleration sensor) arranged on the roller drum, which measures the forces acting on the substrate by the roller. The sensor signals change in the course of compaction when, for example, the ground becomes harder and more stable.

The electrical signals generated by the compaction meter are converted by the calculation unit into a so-called CMV value (CMV = Compaction Meter Value). The compaction measured value CMV is a dimensionless relative value which describes the compaction state of the subgrade at the time of unrolling and whose magnitude varies with the rigidity of the subgrade.

Typically, the CMV value increases as the number of transitions across a layer to be densified increases. The absolute value of the CMV value and the growth rate of the CMV value The values of transition to transition mainly depend on the size of the roller and the properties of the material or base to be compacted. If the CMV value remains unchanged even after repeated transitions, the corresponding section is fully compacted or can not be compressed further with the relevant roller. The CMV value can also decrease, for example if the background has been loosened by too many transitions. Depending on whether the required compaction result has been reached or not, the compaction work can be terminated or further measures must be taken (eg change the roller, let the material dry out, material exchange, etc.).

A disadvantage of the known system is that the CMV value is always displayed as an absolute value and for this purpose a correlation between the CMV value and one either in the laboratory or by, for example, a Troxlond probe (also called "isotope probe", radioactive measuring system according to the manufacturer Troxler Electronic Laboratories USA) measured compaction of the subsurface must be calculated. The procedure requires the performance of a test track with the same material and machine as intended for the construction work. For every other machine, for example, a new test track has to be prepared. After each crossing the compaction is determined by sampling or by means of a Troxi probe in several places, whereby the evaluation of the taken samples takes place in the laboratory. The procedure described is usually very time consuming and is therefore usually performed only for the Bauabnahme.

It is also known to count the number of crossings of the roller over the asphalt surface to be rolled as well as the temperature of the rolled surface (pavement) in the paving for a comprehensive compaction control during the rolling process, since the asphalt are rolled only to a predefined minimum temperature can. By counting the crossings a uniform driving over and compacting the asphalt surface is achieved. Together with GNSS position data from a GNSS positioning system arranged on the roller, these data are firstly displayed to the roller driver during the rolling process and, secondly, also stored or recorded for quality verification purposes. Further, the data may be retrieved from a site office along with the GNSS position data of the roller via a wireless communication interface.

A disadvantage of this approach is that no comprehensive measurement of the compaction takes place and thus either insufficient compaction (so-called sub-compaction) or excessive compaction (so-called over-compaction) of the asphalt takes place. This Using the example of a paved road often lead to premature wear of this road or the road surface.

Furthermore, the disclosure DE 10 2010 054 755 A1 a method and system for compaction measurement of a first and second depth range of a material. The measured compaction values are displayed in color during the rolling process as a function of a desired degree of compaction (nominal value) on a display system. In this case, the two depth ranges are shown, for example, in blue and red color, starting from the desired degree of compaction indicate darker color shades a stronger compression and lighter shades a lower compression.

The DE 699 06 803 T2 discloses a method and system for the prediction of compaction quality, wherein first material density values are measured after at least a first and a second pass through a compaction machine. From the measured values, a compression response curve is then determined, from which then a still required number of compression passes is predicted, so that a desired density of the material is achieved.

Further, the DE 29723171 U1 a roller device for compacting asphalt pavements, comprising two sensors spaced apart from each other on a suspension parallel to the axis of the roller body for measuring the distance to the asphalt surface. One sensor is arranged in the area of the roller track and the other outside the area of the roller track. The difference between the measured values of the two sensors is a measure of the increase in compaction at the respective roller transition.

All known systems or methods indicate absolute compression values or the degree of compression as an absolute value, either as a numerical value between, for example, 0 and 100, or also graphically, d. H. for example as a color representation.

In the known systems, it is also assumed that the compaction of a substrate increases with progressive rolling and is rolled until a compaction setpoint is achieved in a predefined tolerance range of, for example, +/- 5 to 10%.

Smaller changes in the compression or the degree of compression, especially in the negative direction, are often not recognized. Such changes can occur if, for example, below the track to be rolled subducts, pipes or shafts or even larger stones lying in a deeper layer. As a result, however, the compression of the overlying material layers is impaired, ie an optimal compression is achieved at such a location, for example, earlier than at other locations, below which no pipe or the like passes.

With a system representing the compression or the degree of compaction as absolute value, such locations below the roller to be rolled by the roller driver are usually not or only very bad or only very late, d. H. only after repeated crossings, recognizable. It would thus be caused by excessive compaction (due to too many crossings) one or more weak points in the planum, which can often lead to premature wear of this road or the road surface on the example of a paved road.

Thus, there is a need for an improved approach. The object of the present invention is to provide a concept which enables an improved real-time evaluation or a generally improved evaluation for the compaction control.

The object is solved by the independent claims.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a measuring system for compacting a covering, eg in road construction, for a compacting device or a roller device. The compacting device comprises at least one compacting element, such as a (vibrating) plate or drum / drum, which compresses the lining by weight and / or vibration. The measuring system comprises a compaction sensor, a position evaluation unit and a measured value evaluation unit. The compaction sensor, which can be realized for example by a vibration sensor and is arranged, for example, at the bearing of the bandage of the roller device (compression device), is designed to accelerate the compacting element as a result of the vibration (the bandage) or, alternatively, to accelerate a measuring probe as a result of an induced measuring vibration determine over the time course and output a measurement signal associated with the determined acceleration. The position evaluation unit, which is for example connected to a position sensor, is designed to determine, based on suitable position information over the time profile, a movement path of the compression device and to associate the measurement signals over the time profile of the movement path. The measured value evaluation unit is designed to determine a change in a compression of the coating for each measurement signal on the trajectory.

The invention is therefore based on the finding that, in contrast to the systems known in the prior art, the force effects or, to be precise, a vibration or measuring vibration, are measured or monitored on the planum to be compacted / rolled and starting therefrom the changes in the degree of compaction or the measured force are determined or displayed, wherein the representation per point / position takes place on the trajectory. As a result, the changes or changes below the subgrade and thus potential weaknesses in the subgrade (under or overcompaction) during the compression process are immediately recognizable. Advantageously, such smallest changes are detected immediately, which makes a complex calibration or test track structure no longer necessary. This invention has further positive effects. So it is possible in a simple manner, early to detect points below the subgrade, at which a compaction of the subgrade is impaired. This will allow appropriate measures to be taken before the completion of the work, which will maximize the quality of compaction. Concurrently, the compaction work is reduced to the bare essentials and therefore material is spared and costs reduced.

By evaluating the change in the compression of the lining, it is possible to group the current trajectory or a point or area of the current trajectory differently. Thus, by the measured value evaluation unit, a classification of the movement path into a first group, if the change in the compression of the lining is minimal, in this first group, no further rolling is required. A classification into a second group takes place when the change in the compression of the lining is large, wherein in this second group further rolling is necessary. Optionally, a classification of the movement path into a third group can take place if this change in the compression of the lining is negative. Thus, it is advantageously possible to draw directly the conclusion as to how the further processing of the respective subgrade is to take place.

In the above evaluation, the change in the compression lining is considered relative to corresponding embodiments. In this case, for example, the so-called delta CMV is determined. This is done, for example, in that a difference formation an absolute compression (CMV _before ) of the coating before compression or at the beginning of compacting and an absolute compaction of the lining after compaction (CMV _after ) is determined. According to embodiments, the determination of the change in the compression of the lining or the measurement of the absolute values by the determination of the force of vibration, wherein the force on the roller and the damping of the vibration is determined by the pad due to the vibration by means of the acceleration sensor.

According to embodiments, either from the vibration of the compression element or the bandage, which is used for compression itself, the measurement can be performed or by a separate element (called measuring probe here) a so-called measurement vibration can be generated.

By the obtained positions can also be counted in addition, how often a certain place has already been rolled. This process takes place in the position evaluation unit. The position evaluation unit may, according to further embodiments, also be equipped with a position sensor, e.g. Part of the measuring system is connected. This offers the advantage that the system is autonomous, i. without obtaining data from the vehicle is functional.

According to further embodiments, the measuring system also comprises additional sensors, e.g. a communication unit or a temperature sensor, which are typically all connected via an interface with the rest of the measuring system. Via the communication unit, data can be exchanged with other roller devices in use or with a control center, which then monitors or records the work progress. This o.g. Interface is therefore important because the measuring system can be flexibly integrated into different rolling devices. The above-mentioned temperature sensor is advantageously used according to embodiments for monitoring the temperature of the coating being rolled, so as to improve the evaluation of rolling.

According to further embodiments, the measuring system may also include a display, by means of which the change in the compression of the lining along the movement path is displayed. At the same time, the display can also show the display of the absolute compression and also other values, such as the coating temperature or the number of rolling processes per position. Depending on these parameters and in particular depends on the change in the compression of the lining It is now possible for the roller operator to judge whether further rolling is necessary. To simplify this, the graphical representation can be chosen so that the groups explained above emerge directly from the graph. This embodiment based on the real-time evaluation is advantageous because it improves the rolling work in terms of efficiency and quality.

Thus, according to embodiments, it is also possible, starting from the change in the compaction of the lining or from the change in the compaction of the lining during the current rolling process to the previous rolling process so-called "weak spots" as already explained above (pipes under the road) to detect in order to make the corresponding classification in "further rolling required" / "no further rolling required" / "further rolling harmful" on the basis of these detected weak points.

Another embodiment relates to the roller device per se, which typically comprises at least one, but preferably two, rollers or bandages and wherein the measuring system is then integrated directly into the roller device.

Further embodiments provide a method for the compaction control of the lining. The method comprises the steps of "determining an acceleration of a measuring probe as a result of a measuring vibration and / or an acceleration of the rollers due to the vibration of the roller over the course of time" and "outputting a measuring signal associated with the determined acceleration", "determining a movement path of the compacting device of obtained position information on the time course "and" assignment of the measurement signals over the time course of the movement path "as well as" determining for each measurement signal on the trajectory of a change in the compaction of the coating ".

In accordance with the additional embodiments, the step of classifying the change in the compaction of the lining into the three groups explained above can then also take place as a function of these five basic steps. This makes it possible in a simple manner, early to detect points below the subgrade, at which a compaction of the subgrade is impaired. This will allow appropriate measures to be taken before the completion of the work, which will maximize the quality of compaction. Along the way, we reduced the compaction work to the essentials and thus spared material and costs lowered. Further embodiments relate to a computer program which carries out the corresponding method.

Embodiments of the present invention relate both to roller devices with (vibrating) bandages as compression devices, but also to vibratory plates for compression.
Further developments are defined in the subclaims.

Fig. 1

eine Walze zum Verdichten des Planums;

Fig. 2a

ein Messsystem zur Verdichtungskontrolle gemäß einem ersten Ausführungs-beispiel;

Fig. 2b

ein Messsystem zur Verdichtungskontrolle gemäß einem weiteren Ausfüh-rungsbeispiel, installiert an der Walze aus Fig. 1;

Fig. 2c

ein Messsystem zur Verdichtungskontrolle gemäß einem weiteren Ausfüh-rungsbeispiel, installiert an einer weiteren Walze;

Fig. 3

ein Messsystem zur Verdichtungskontrolle mit erweitertem Umfang gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;

Fig. 4

eine schematische Darstellung einer Anzeige der Verdichtung, welche mit obigem Messsystem ermittelt wurde; und

Fig. 5

ein schematisches Flussdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Verdichtungskontrol-le.

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

a roller for compacting the subgrade;

Fig. 2a

a compression control system according to a first embodiment;

Fig. 2b

a compaction control measuring system according to another embodiment installed on the roller Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 2c

a compaction control measuring system according to another embodiment, installed on another roller;

Fig. 3

an expanded scope metering system according to an embodiment;

Fig. 4

a schematic representation of a display of the compression, which was determined with the above measuring system; and

Fig. 5

a schematic flow diagram of a method for Verdichtungskontrol le.

Before embodiments of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the figures, it should be noted that the same elements or structures are provided with the same reference numerals, so that the description of which is interchangeable or mutually applicable.

Fig. 1 shows a roller 10 for compacting a subgrade 30, with a driver's station 70 and two bandages 50 and 60 in the front and rear of the roller 10. For compacting the substrate 30, the roller 10 moves on the surface 20, preferably in individual Lanes forward and back to bring about a uniform or area-wide compaction of the substrate 30. The substrate 30 may be an asphalt layer or the like with an additional layer 40 underneath. In order to exert a corresponding compaction force on the substrate 30, the bandage 50 can be acted upon by a vibration, so that corresponding vibration vibrations 80 penetrate into the soil and compress the substrate 30 accordingly when crossing the roller 10. The strength of the vibration or the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations is adjustable.

Depending on the amplitude of a frequency, the compression takes place, which, as already indicated above, can be measured and documented with so-called FDVK systems. The basic principle of the FDVK systems can be represented as follows: During travel of the roller 10 with oscillation of the bandage 50 and the resulting dynamic (homogeneous) excitation 80, the sine signal or generally the vibration signal 80 is distorted by the ground contact or ground contact force. Assuming that the roll parameters (travel speed, static load, oscillating mass, eccentricity, mass of imbalance or other parameters) are constant, the changes in the movement behavior of the drum 50 can be assigned to clearly changing background conditions. To measure these, an FDVK system typically includes a compaction sensor, e.g. is arranged at the bearing of the roller 50/60.

Based on the thus determined acceleration or in particular the acceleration in the vertical direction, the sensor signals of the acceleration sensor can be analyzed in the frequency domain. The dimensionless CMV value (compaction meter value) is proportional to the amplitude of the first harmonic, relative to the amplitude of the exciter frequency. This means that the CMV value is always determined as a function of the excitation frequency or represents a ratio between the determined amplitude and the generated amplitude. From this it is clear that with increasing absolute compression at one point, this ratio shifts, so that it can be concluded from this ratio on the absolute compression. Expressed in reverse terms, this means that the CMV value is a measure of the absolute compression, whereby no reference is made here to the total possible absolute compaction of the coating, but on the achievable with this roller 10 compaction.

Fig. 2a shows a compaction measurement system 15, which includes a compaction sensor 150 and a calculation unit 120 with the components of the position evaluation unit 120a and measured values evaluation unit 120b. In the following explanation of the operation of the measuring system 15, it is assumed that it is mounted on a rolling device with a roller for road construction, wherein the roller compacts the lining by vibration while it moves along a movement path. This movement path can be determined, for example, by determining a multiplicity of position information over a time course.

This position information, e.g. determined by means of a GPS or GNSS sensor, a total station or another 2D or 3D position sensor, or also generally determined on the basis of the travel speed (or rotational speed of the drum and / or steering angle) of the roller, are determined via the position Evaluation unit 120a obtained (see dashed line). Ie. Thus, the system may optionally or alternatively be "coupled" to the vehicle / vehicle bus to obtain position information therefrom. For example, a so-called Kalman filter can then be used to calculate a continuous change in position of the roller when e.g. there is no GNSS / GPS sensor or if a stable GNSS / GPS signal is not available due to passage through tunnels or under bridges. Once a GNSS / GPS signal is stable again, it can be used again for the position determination.

Parallel to the position evaluation, the measured value evaluation takes place. For this purpose, the measured value evaluation unit 120b receives from the compaction sensor 150 measurement signals which permit a conclusion about the actual acceleration of the roller (due to the vibration of the roller). The series of measurement signals over the time course thus allows to determine how the acceleration behaves along the trajectory. For this purpose, the temporal course of the measurement signals is then assigned to the time profile of the position information.

Since the roller device has a relatively slow speed along the trajectory, the acceleration during the compaction process changes per point of the trajectory. This change in acceleration indicates the change in the horizontal force on the planum and thus to a change in the degree of compaction. The change in the degree of compaction per point or per rolling along the trajectory makes it possible to draw a much better conclusion on the compaction itself than just the absolute value alone.

wobei CMV_nachher den Wert nach erfolgter Walzung und CMV_vorher den Wert vor der Walzung beschreibt.The change in the degree of compaction can be determined by deriving the CMV value with time or by subtracting the initial and the resulting compaction. This difference CMV _diff can be described mathematically as follows: $${\mathrm{CMV}}_{\mathrm{diff}}={\mathrm{CMV}}_{\mathrm{later}}-{\mathrm{CMV}}_{\mathrm{previously}}.$$

wherein CMV _{subsequently describes} the value after rolling and CMV _before the value before rolling.

For example, a very small change can be interpreted as meaning that no further compaction of the subsurface can be achieved. On the other hand, a major change leads one to conclude that the subsoil can still be densified considerably or that it still has to be heavily compressed in order to maintain a load-bearing road surface. A third example is when even a decrease in compaction can only be effected as a result of frequent rolling.

Background of this approach is that in particular undergrounds, such. Pipes limit the absolute compression and so alone on the basis of the absolute compression can not be drawn a final conclusion on the compression result.

By measuring system 15 explained above, it is thus possible to considerably improve the efficiency and quality of compaction.

Referring to Fig. 2b FIG. 2 illustrates the above described in detail compaction measurement system 15 in combination with the roller 10, wherein additional and optional units are provided in the compaction measurement system 15 'shown here. The compaction measurement system 15 'essentially consists of the vibration sensor 150 (for example an acceleration sensor) arranged in the region of the front bandage 50 and the chassis of the roller 10, from one on the roof 90 of the roller 10 arranged GNSS receiver unit 100, from a likewise arranged on the roof 90 of the roller 10 communication unit 110, a arranged in the lower region and preferably between the two bandages 50, 60 contactless temperature sensor 140 and arranged in the driver's cab 70 display and calculation unit 120, the the position evaluation unit 120a and the measured value evaluation unit 120b accommodated. In addition, an optional junction box 130 in which all of the components of the compaction measurement system 15 'are connected by means of the electrical connectors 161 to 165 may be provided.

The functionality corresponds to the reference to Fig. 2a explained so that when compressed by the roller 10, ie during the passage of the roller 10 above the ground 30 accelerations by means of the vibration sensor 150 are measured and evaluated in the calculation unit 120 accordingly. The GNSS receiver 100 supplies the necessary position information to the calculation unit 120. In addition, for the evaluation of the pure acceleration determined by means of the vibration sensor 150, additional parameters such as the temperature of the subgrade, determined by means of the temperature sensor 140, may also be taken into account. By means of the communication unit 110, data can be exchanged with a center, such as the current measurement data.

With respect to the above-mentioned embodiment Fig. 2b It should be noted that the individual implementation of the illustrated system may vary. For example, during implementation Fig. 2b the compression sensor 150, which is arranged on the storage rack in the region of the bandage 50, may also be arranged elsewhere in the storage rack or in the storage itself or in the region of the second bandage 60. Alternatively, it would also be possible for two such compression sensors to be provided for the two bandages 50 and 60. In general this means that several vibration sensors (for example two (on the bandages front and rear) or four (two on the front left / right bandage, two on the rear left / right bandage) can also be arranged on the roller device.

In addition, it should be understood that it is not mandatory that the unit 120 include a display for displaying information to the driver. In the simplest case, the unit 120 can also have only the respective calculation units, in which case the evaluation representation, for example, centrally at the control station, ie away from the roller 10 takes place when the corresponding evaluation data are transmitted via the communication interface 110 by means of the radio signals 112.

According to further embodiments, either only the representation of information that allows a conclusion on the compression result, or even the same logging done. This serves the purpose that it can be proven to the client that the compression work performed complies with the set requirements. For this purpose, all measured values, such as the relative change in compression or the absolute compression, plotted over the trajectories, are stored in a memory. In addition, the points on the trajectory can be marked on which no further increase in compression could be achieved because, for example, the above-mentioned impurities (pipes in the underground) are present here. As an alternative or in addition to the internal storage, the logging can also be transmitted externally or directly externally, so that with the communication interface 110, the corresponding data is transmitted to a central office, which can be accessed, for example, by the client. As a result, the work progress can be made transparent.

In addition, it should be noted that it is not absolutely necessary that all units are connected to each other in the measuring system by means of cables. Alternatively, radio communications for communication between the individual units would be conceivable. According to such an implementation, it would thus be possible for only the data relating to position (see position sensor 100) and the acceleration data from the acceleration sensor 150 to be collected on the roller 10 itself and the evaluation to take place completely in the control center. That is to say, in such a system, the calculation unit 120 is not disposed on the roller 10 but externally.

In the above embodiments, it has been assumed that the measured acceleration at the compaction sensor is a consequence of the vibration introduced into the planum for compaction. According to further embodiments, the above-described compaction measurement system is also transferable to compactors that do not use vibration but only their weight force, as with reference to FIG Fig. 2c is explained.

Fig. 2c shows a further embodiment for static rollers (without vibration or oscillation of the bandages) such as a Gummiradwalze. Here is the measuring system 15 * for compression control on a kind of "trailer" 11, which is pulled behind the roller 10, integrated. The trailer 11 comprises a vibrating bandage 61 with two overlying imbalance weights 12a / 12b for generating a vibration, thus represents a vibration generator, which in principle uses the same technique that is used on a vibrating roller, possibly lower vertical forces are used , The measuring system 15 *, comprising the compression or vibration sensor 150, the GPS receiver 100 and the communication module 110a / b (etc.) is also arranged on the trailer 11.

The data measured by means of the measuring system 15 * could then be transmitted, for example, by radio from the measuring system 15 * (trailer 11) to the driver's station 70 of the rolling device 10 and displayed there (see display 120).

It should be noted that preferably the imbalance weights 12a / 12b are arranged to produce only a vertically downwardly acting vibratory force 80, and not a horizontally acting (i.e., toward or away from the roller 10).

Fig. 3 2 shows essentially the individual components of the compaction measurement system 15 "and how they are electrically connected to one another The battery 180, which is connected to the connection unit 130 (junction box), serves to supply power to the system the display and calculation unit 120 (display / controller), the GNSS receiver unit 100 (GNSS Antenna) and an optional signal converter 131, to which the two sensors for temperature 140 and acceleration 150 are connected The communication unit 110 (WLAN ) According to the embodiment according to Fig. 3 directly connected to the display and calculation unit 120 - according to Fig. 2 However, it is also conceivable to connect the communication unit 110 (WLAN) to the connection unit 130 (junction box). All components are equipped with different electrical interfaces, such as CAN, RS232, I ² C or Ethernet. Depending on the connection, appropriate cable types or connections are used at or between the components.

To the in Fig. 3 However, it should be noted that some components of the compaction measurement system and their electrical connections with each other are noted only optional (possibly not necessary) and it is therefore also one of the in Fig. 3 can give different connection structure. This depends on the technical characteristics of the components or the interfaces.

This means that, for example, the temperature sensor 140 and / or the acceleration sensor 150 can also be connected directly to the display and calculation unit 120 (display / controller). It is also possible for the communication unit 110 (WLAN) and / or the GNSS receiver unit 100 (GNSS antenna) to be connected directly to the display and calculation unit 120 (display / controller). Furthermore, for example, the temperature sensor 140 for earthworks (rolling or compacting of soil, sand, gravel, etc.) is not necessary. Also, the communication unit 110 (WLAN) would be optionally optional when using only one roller on the construction site, if no other communication partner such as a construction site office is nearby.

The functionality of here in Fig. 3 The contents of the display provided for the roller operator (see reference numeral 120) will be discussed below.

In Fig. 4 By way of example, a screen content or display area 121 displayed to the driver of the roller during the rolling process is shown on the display and calculation unit 120. The representations are divided into three areas 121a, 121b and 121c. The display and calculation unit 120 may be a TFT screen, but ideally a so-called touch screen. In the left display area 121a, the number of already driven passes 201 is shown in the upper left area. In the example, 30 out of 31 scheduled crossings have already been completed. Further, in the display areas 121a (left area) and 121b (middle area), there is respectively a graphic representation of the rolling surface 122a and 122b with a symbolically represented roller 200. The illustrations 122a and 122b are similar to a plan view of the rolled one Rolling surface 20 of the substrate 30. The representations of the two of the rolling surfaces 122a and 122b are based on the same measured values, but differ in the values shown.

In the display area 121a (left area), absolute values of relative compression are displayed in differently marked area areas 211, 213, and 214, that is, absolute compression values and the degree of compression (CMV value) are displayed as the absolute value. The value ranges displayed as legend 202 to 204 in the left area serve the driver as an allocation aid to associate the marked areas 211, 213 and 214 shown in the display area 122a. For example, area 213 indicates that the compaction in this area has already reached a predetermined absolute compaction set point within a tolerance range of, for example, +/- 5 to 10%. Here is another rolling no longer necessary. In areas 214, however, the specified absolute compaction setpoint has not yet been reached; rolling should be continued here. The area 211 indicates that there has not been rolled yet in this area.

In the display area 121b (middle area), as compared with the display area 122a (left area), changes of a relative compression are displayed in the differently marked areas 231 to 235, that is, in the area 121a. H. Here, no absolute compaction values are displayed, but changes in the compaction value or the degree of compaction (CMV value). The changes shown as legend 222 to 224 to the right of the display area 122b also serve the driver as a mapping aid to associate the marked areas 231 to 234 shown in the display area 122b. Thus, for example, the surface 233 indicates that when passing over the roller 10 in this area, only a minimal change in the compression has taken place and thus further rolling would not be necessary, possibly even harmful for a compaction of the substrate 30. In areas 232, on the other hand, a major change in compaction has been noted, so it should continue to be rolled and, to achieve optimum compaction, it must be even further rolled. In contrast, it was found in the region 234 when passing over the roller 10 that a compression of the substrate 30 has decreased in this area again, d. H. a negative change was noted. In this area has already been compressed beyond the optimum, so that over-compression has already taken place, which can lead to premature wear of this road or the road surface at this point or in this area on the example of a paved road. The area 231 indicates that there has not been rolled yet in this area. The area 235 indicates that in this area only one crossing of the roller has been detected and therefore no change (i.e., a comparison between two crossings) is not possible.

In the display area 121c (right area) control elements 240a-d are shown, by means of which the driver can operate the display and calculation unit 120 or the compression measurement system 15. For example, during the rolling process the driver of the roller 10 of one of the controls 240a-d actuate and so the measured values (temperature, acceleration or force, calculated CMV value, GNSS position data, etc.) store. These values can then be used for a subsequent density measurement of the ground 30 for, for example, a construction site demolition or asphalted road. Because of the GNSS position data, the point at which the roller driver has stored the measured values during the rolling process can be approached by a measuring troop in order to carry out further measurements such as a density measurement at this point.

According to embodiments, for example, the amplitude of the vibration of the roller may be changed, for example, based on the already existing or recorded or recorded change in the degree of compaction, such as e.g. minimized or completely switched off, if, for example, a further compaction of the substrate would be harmful.

Even if the above exemplary embodiments were described in connection with a device, it should be pointed out that further exemplary embodiments relate to the corresponding background process. This procedure is schematic in Fig. 5 shown.

Referring to Fig. 5 It should be noted that the system for compaction monitoring, which has been described in connection with a roller compressor, can also be transferred to other compacting devices, such as vibrating plates.

Although the above embodiments have been described in the context of "road construction", the embodiments (apparatus and method and system) are not limited thereto. The measuring system can also be used for any compaction work, such. B. landfill or general soil preparations (with different structures).

Fig. 5 shows a method for compaction control 1000 with the basic steps 1110, 1120 and 1130. The first base step 1110 relates to the averaging of an acceleration of the roller due to the rotation of the roller over the time course and outputting of the corresponding measurement signal associated with the average acceleration. In a base step 1120 proceeding in parallel therefrom, starting from position information obtained determined over the time course, a trajectory of the roller device and associated with this movement path of the plurality of measurement signals over the time course. Then, in each case, a change in the compression of the lining can be determined by the measuring signals applied along the movement path (see step 1130), as already explained above.

It should be pointed out once again that, although some aspects have been described in the context of a device, it goes without saying that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding method. Thus, a block or a component of the above device is to be understood as a corresponding method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by hardware devices (using a hardware device, such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit (see calculation unit 120 in FIGS Fig. 2a . 2 B and 3 ). In some embodiments, some or more of these most important functional steps may be performed by such an apparatus.

According to further embodiments, the method may include an additional step 1150 of classifying the change in the compaction of the lining. This step 1150, which is shown here as an optional step by dashed lines, follows the step 1130. The classification takes place, as shown above, into the two or preferably three groups ("1: no further compression necessary" / "2: further compression sensible" / "3: further compaction harmful").

Depending on particular implementation requirements, embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or in software. The implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic disk or optical memory are stored on the electronically readable control signals that can cooperate with a programmable computer system or cooperate such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.

Thus, some embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is performed.

In general, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as a computer program having a program code that causes the measuring system of claim 1 to perform the method steps of claim 21 or 22 when the program is run on a computer. The program code can also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.

Other embodiments include the computer program for performing any of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium.

A further embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program is recorded for carrying out one of the methods described herein.

A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals, which represent the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.

Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.

Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program is installed to perform one of the methods described herein.

Another embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or system adapted to transmit a computer program for performing at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver. The transmission can be done for example electronically or optically. The receiver may be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device. For example, the device or system may include a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.

In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (eg, a field programmable gate array, an FPGA) may be used to perform some or all of the functionality of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, in some embodiments, the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be a universal hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the process, such as an ASIC.

The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It will be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to others of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, it is intended that the invention be limited only by the scope of the appended claims and not by the specific details presented in the description and explanation of the embodiments herein.

Claims (23)

1. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") for compaction control of a surface (20) for a compaction means (10), the compaction means (10) including a compaction element (50, 60) that compacts the surface (20) by weight and/or vibration (80) of the compaction element (50, 60), comprising:

   a compaction sensor (150) configured to determine an acceleration of a measurement probe due to measurement vibration and/or an acceleration of the compaction element (50, 60) due to vibration (80) of the compaction element (50, 60) over time and to output a measurement signal associated with the determined acceleration; and

   a position evaluation unit (120a) configured to determine, starting from obtained position information over time, a motion path of the compaction means (1120) and to allocate the measurement signals to the motion path over time, characterized by

   a measurement value evaluation unit (120b) configured to determine, for each measurement signal on the motion path, a change of compaction of the surface (20).
2. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to claim 1, wherein the measurement value evaluation unit (120b) is configured to allocate the motion path to a first group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is minimum, wherein no more compacting is necessary in the first group.
3. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the measurement value evaluation unit (120b) is configured to allocate the motion path to a second group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is great, wherein further compacting is necessary in the second group.
4. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the measurement value evaluation unit (120b) is configured to allocate the motion path to a third group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is negative, wherein further compacting is damaging in the third group.
5. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the change of compaction of the surface (20) is a change of the relative compaction of the surface (20).
6. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein determining the change of compaction of the surface (20) includes the step of forming a difference of an absolute compaction of the surface (20) prior to compacting and an absolute compaction of the surface (20) after compacting.
7. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the position evaluation unit (120a) is configured to count the crossings performed across the motion path.
8. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for determining the change of compaction of the surface (20), a change of the force effect on the surface (20) is measured by means of the compaction sensor (150).
9. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims including a vibration generator configured to generate the measurement vibration.
10. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, the measurement system (15, 15', 15") including a position sensor (100) configured to output the position information to the position evaluation unit (120a).
11. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement system (15, 15', 15") includes a temperature sensor (140) configured to determine the temperature of the surface (20) during compacting.
12. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement system (15, 15', 15") includes a communication interface (110) for communication with an external unit.
13. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, the measurement system (15, 15', 15") including an interface (130) for connecting at least one of the sensors of the group including the compaction sensor (150), a position sensor (100) or a temperature sensor (140).
14. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement system (15, 15', 15") includes a display device for displaying the change of compaction of the surface (20) along the motion path.
15. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to claim 14, wherein the display is configured to output, apart from the change of compaction of the surface (20) along the motion path, an absolute value of the compaction of the surface (20) for the motion path.
16. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement system (15, 15', 15") includes a memory for logging the change of compaction of the surface (20) along the motion path.
17. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measurement value evaluation unit (120b) is configured to determine a weak point in the surface (20) based on the change of compaction of the surface (20) or based on the change of compaction of the surface (20) of a last compaction process compared to the change of compaction of the surface (20) of a second last compaction process.
18. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the compaction means (10) is a road roller means and wherein the compaction element (50, 60) includes a roller lining.
19. Measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 17, wherein the compaction element (50, 60) is a plate vibrator.
20. Roller means (10) having one or two roller linings (50, 60) as well as a measurement system (15, 15', 15") according to one of claims 1 to 18.
21. Method (1000) for compaction control of a surface (20) for a compaction means (10), the compaction means (10) including a compaction element (50, 60) that compacts the surface (20) by weight and/or vibration (80) of the compaction element (50, 60), comprising:

    determining an acceleration of a measurement probe due to measurement vibration and/or an acceleration of the compaction element (1110) due to vibration (80) of the compaction element (50, 60) over time and outputting a measurement signal associated with the determined acceleration; and

    determining a motion path of the compaction means (1120) starting from obtained position information over time and allocating the measurement signals to the motion path over time; characterized by:

    determining, for each measurement signal on the motion path, a change of compaction of the surface (1130).
22. Method (1000) according to claim 21, additionally including the step of classifying (1150) the change of compaction of the surface (20), wherein the change of compaction of the surface (20) is allocated to a first group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is minimum, wherein the same is allocated to a second group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is great, and wherein the same is allocated to a third group when the change of compaction of the surface (20) is negative,
    wherein no more compacting is necessary in the first group, wherein compacting is necessary in the second group and wherein further compacting is damaging in the third group.
23. Computer program having a program code causing the measurement system of claim 1 to perform the method steps according to claim 21 or 22 when the program runs on a computer.

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